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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Oct. 31, 2022
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies |
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies ​ The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. ​ Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Calavo Growers, Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiaries, Calavo de Mexico S.A. de C.V. (Calavo de Mexico), Calavo Growers de Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V. ( Calavo Growers de Mexico), Maui Fresh International, Inc. (Maui), Hawaiian Sweet, Inc. (HS), CW Hawaii Pride, LLC (HP), Calavo Salsa Lisa, LLC (CSL), Renaissance Food Group, LLC (RFG), and Avocados de Jalisco, S.A.P.I. de C.V. (Avocados de Jalisco), in which we have an 83% ownership interest. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. ​ Use of Estimates ​ The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Among the significant estimates affecting the financial statements are those related to valuation allowances for valuation allowances for accounts and notes receivable, goodwill, grower advances, inventories, long-lived assets, valuation of and estimated useful lives of identifiable intangible assets, stock-based compensation, promotional allowances and income taxes. On an ongoing basis, management reviews its estimates based upon currently available information. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. ​ Cash and Cash Equivalents ​ We consider all highly liquid financial instruments purchased with an original maturity date of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents approximate their fair values. ​ Restricted Cash ​ We have $1.0 million in restricted cash in our subsidiary Calavo de Mexico. This cash is restricted due to the 2013 tax assessment. In November 2022, this restriction was lifted. See Note 7. ​ Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets ​ Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist primarily of non-trade receivables, infrastructure advances and prepaid expenses. Non-trade receivables were $4.8 million and $5.3 million at October 31, 2022 and 2021. Included in non-trade receivables are $1.8 million and $1.7 million related to the current portion of non-CDM Mexican IVA (i.e. value-added) taxes at October 31, 2022 and 2021 (See Note 15). Infrastructure advances are discussed below. Prepaid expenses totaling $3.1 million and $3.7 million at October 31, 2022 and 2021, are primarily for insurance, rent and other items. ​ Accounts Receivable ​ Trade accounts receivable are reported at amounts due from customers, net of an allowance for doubtful accounts and customer deductions accounted for as variable consideration. The Company performs credit evaluations of customers and evaluates the need for allowances for potential credit losses based on historical experience, as well as current and expected general economic conditions. ​ The total allowance for estimated uncollectable accounts receivable balances and customer deductions were $4.2 million and $4.8 million as of October 31, 2022 and 2021. ​ Inventories ​ Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is computed on a monthly weighted-average basis, which approximates the first-in, first-out method; market is based upon estimated replacement costs. Costs included in inventory primarily include the following: fruit, picking and hauling, overhead, labor, materials and freight. ​ Property, Plant, and Equipment ​ Property, plant, and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated over their estimated useful lives using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are stated at cost and amortized over the lesser of their estimated useful lives or the term of the lease, using the straight-line method. Useful lives are as follows: buildings and improvements - 7 to 50 years; leasehold improvements - the lesser of the term of the lease or 7 years; equipment - 7 to 25 years; information systems hardware and software – 3 to 10 years. Significant repairs and maintenance that increase the value or extend the useful life of our fixed asset are capitalized. On-going maintenance and repairs are charged to expense. ​ Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets ​ Goodwill, defined as unidentified asset(s) acquired in conjunction with a business acquisition, is tested for impairment on an annual basis and between annual tests whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Goodwill is tested at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below the operating segment. We perform an assessment of goodwill for impairment on an annual basis, and between annual tests whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. To the extent the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s allocated goodwill exceeds the unit’s fair value, we recognize an impairment of goodwill for the excess up to the amount of goodwill of that reporting unit. ​ As a result of the Company's operating segment realignment, the composition of its reporting units for the evaluation of goodwill impairment was changed. RFG reporting unit goodwill is now included within the Prepared reporting unit. Therefore, the goodwill of $24.7 million, which was previously recorded within the RFG reporting unit, is now within our Prepared segment and $4.0 million which was previously within the Fresh reporting unit, is now within our Grown segment. Prior to the change in its reporting unit, the Company tested goodwill for impairment at the previous reporting unit, which did not result in any impairment charge. ​ In fiscal 2022 and 2021, the Company’s estimated fair value significantly exceeded its carrying value. The fair value of the Company’s reporting units is determined using a combination of valuation techniques, including a discounted cash flow methodology. To corroborate the discounted cash flow analysis, a market approach is utilized using observable market data such as comparable companies in similar lines of business that are publicly traded. The Company concluded based on its quantitative assessment that no goodwill impairment existed in the fiscal years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021. Goodwill impairment testing requires significant judgment and management estimates, including, but not limited to, the determination of (i) the number of reporting units, (ii) the goodwill and other assets and liabilities to be allocated to the reporting units and (iii) the fair values of the reporting units which includes forecasted cash flow. The estimates and assumptions described above, along with other factors such as discount rates, will significantly affect the outcome of the impairment tests and the amounts of any resulting impairment losses. ​ Long-lived Assets ​ Long-lived assets, including fixed assets and intangible assets (other than goodwill), are continually monitored and are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of any such asset may not be recoverable. The determination of recoverability is based on an estimate of undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of an asset and its eventual disposition. The estimate of undiscounted cash flows is based upon, among other things, certain assumptions about future operating performance, growth rates and other factors. Estimates of undiscounted cash flows may differ from actual cash flows due to, among other things, technological changes, economic conditions, changes to the business model or changes in operating performance. If the sum of the undiscounted cash flows (excluding interest) is less than the carrying value, an impairment loss will be recognized, measured as the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the asset. For fiscal years 2022 and 2021, we performed our annual assessment of long-lived assets and determined that no impairment existed as of October 31, 2022 and 2021, except as it related to the Florida plant as disclosed in Note 18. Investments ​ We account for non-marketable investments using the equity method of accounting if the investment gives us the ability to exercise significant influence over, but not control, an investee. Significant influence generally exists when we have an ownership interest representing between 20% and 50% of the voting stock of the investee. Under the equity method of accounting, investments are stated at initial cost and are adjusted for subsequent additional investments and our proportionate share of earnings or losses and distributions. ​ In December 2014, Calavo formed a wholly owned subsidiary Calavo Growers De Mexico, S. de R.L. de C.V. (Calavo Sub). In July 2015, Calavo Sub entered into a Shareholder Agreement with Grupo Belo del Pacifico, S.A. de C.V., (Belo) a Mexican company owned by Agricola Belher, and Agricola Don Memo, S.A. de C.V. (Don Memo). Don Memo, a Mexican corporation formed in July 2013, is engaged in the business of owning and improving land in Jalisco, Mexico for the growing of tomatoes and other produce and the sale and distribution of tomatoes and other produce. Belo and Calavo Sub have an equal one-half ownership interest in Don Memo. Pursuant to a management service agreement, Belo, through its officers and employees, shall have day-to-day power and authority to manage the operations. This investment contribution represent Calavo Sub’s 50% ownership in Don Memo, which is included in investment in unconsolidated entities on our balance sheet. We use the equity method to account for this investment. As of October 31, 2022 and 2021, we have an investment of $3.8 million and $4.3 million in Don Memo. ​ Marketable Securities ​ Our marketable securities consist of our investment in Limoneira Company (Limoneira) stock. These securities are considered available for sale securities based on management’s intent with respect to such securities and are carried at fair value as determined from quoted market prices. ​ On October 27, 2022, we sold 1,677,299 shares of Limoneira common stock for gross proceeds of approximately $18.5 million. The net proceeds thereof after payment of commissions and expenses was used by the Company to pay down borrowings on its credit facility with Bank of America, as administrative agent, and the other lenders thereto. Contemporaneously with such sale, Bank of America, as administrative agent, released its lien on such shares in accordance with terms of the Credit Facility and the related loan documents. For year ended October 31, 2022, we recorded a loss of $8.6 million in our consolidated statements of operations. ​ Limoneira’s stock price at October 31, 2021, and 2020 equaled $16.13 per share, and $13.83 per share. Our shares of Limoneira stock, totaling 1,677,299, were revalued to $16.13 per share at October 31, 2021 as a result, we recorded a gain of $3.9 million and a loss of $8.5 million for the year ended October 31, 2021 and 2020 in our consolidated statements of operations. ​ Advances to Suppliers ​ We advance funds to third-party growers primarily in Mexico for various farming needs. Typically, we obtain collateral (i.e. fruit, fixed assets, etc.) that approximates the value at risk, prior to making such advances. We continuously evaluate the ability of these growers to repay advances in order to evaluate the possible need to record an allowance. No such allowance was required at October 31, 2022 and 2021. Pursuant to our distribution agreement, which was amended in fiscal 2011, with Agricola Belher (Belher) of Mexico, a producer of fresh vegetables, primarily tomatoes, for export to the U.S. market, Belher agreed, at their sole cost and expense, to harvest, pack, export, ship, and deliver tomatoes exclusively to our Company, primarily our Arizona facility. In exchange, we agreed to sell and distribute such tomatoes, make advances to Belher for operating purposes, provide additional advances as shipments are made during the season (subject to limitations, as defined), and return the proceeds from such tomato sales to Belher, net of our commission and aforementioned advances. These advances will be collected through settlements by the end of each year. For fiscal 2022 and 2021, we agreed to advance $4.5 million and $4.5 million for preseason advances. As of October 31, 2022 and 2021, we have total advances of $4.5 million and $4.5 million to Belher pursuant to this agreement, which is recorded in advances to suppliers. ​ Similar to Belher, we make advances to Don Memo for operating purposes, provide additional advances as shipments are made during the season, and return the proceeds from such tomato sales to Don Memo, net of our commission and aforementioned advances. As of October 31, 2022 and 2021, we have total advances of $7.0 million and $4.2 million to Don Memo, which is recorded in advances to suppliers, offset by tomato liabilities from the sales of tomatoes per the tomato marketing agreement. ​ We have entered into a distribution agreement with a new tomato grower Exportadora Silvalber (Silvalber). We made $1.4 million in advances for operating purposes, similar to Belher and Don Memo, as of October 31,2022. Advances to suppliers are offset by tomato liabilities from the sales of tomatoes per the tomato marketing agreement. ​ Infrastructure Advances ​ Pursuant to our infrastructure agreements, we make advances to be used solely for the acquisition, construction, and installation of improvements to and on certain land owned/controlled by Belher and Don Memo, as well as packing line equipment. ​ In October 2020, we entered into an infrastructure loan agreement with Don Memo for $2.4 million secured by Don Memo’s property and equipment. This infrastructure loan accrues interest at 7.25%. In October 2020, we advanced $0.7 million related to this loan agreement. We advanced an additional $0.7 million, and $0.6 million in the first, and second quarters of fiscal 2021, for a total outstanding balance at October 31, 2021 of $2.0 million ($0.4 million is included in prepaids and other currents assets and $1.6 million in other assets). As of October 31, 2022, we have a total outstanding balance at October 31, 2022 of $1.6 million ($0.4 million is included in prepaids and other current assets and $1.2 million in other assets). ​ In August 2018, we entered into an amended infrastructure loan agreement with Belher and advanced $3.0 million. This amount shall be paid back in annual installments of $0.6 million through June 2023, and accrues interest at Libor plus 10%. Loans prior to this amended agreement accrued interest at Libor plus 3.0%. In August 2020, we have agreed to amend the terms of this agreement to lower the interest rate to 7.25% and changed the repayment terms to two years ($0.9 million per year). This portion of the infrastructure loan has been paid in full as of October 31, 2022, of which $0.2 million was offset against the grower payable due to Belher. ​ In July 2021, we made a bridge loan of $3.5 million to Belher. This loan is secured by certain farmland in Mexico and accrues interest at 10%. In the first quarter of fiscal 2022, this loan was amended to be due with installments of $0.9 million on July 31, 2022, $0.9 million on July 31, 2023 and $1.7 million on July 31, 2024. As part of this amended loan agreement, we can withhold payments on both the infrastructure advances and the bridge loan through the netting against the grower payable due to Belher. For the year ended October 31, 2022, we withheld $0.9 million from payments to Belher to offset the bridge loan repayments. The remaining bridge loan has been recorded as $0.9 million in prepaid expenses and other current assets and $1.7 million in other assets. ​ Accrued Expenses ​ Included in accrued expenses are liabilities related to the receipt of goods and/or services for which an invoice has not yet been received. These totaled approximately $28.7 million and $32.6 million for the year ended October 31, 2022 and 2021. Revenue Recognition ​ The Company recognizes revenue when obligations under the terms of a contract with its customer are satisfied; generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of its products. Revenue is measured as the amount of net consideration expected to be received in exchange for transferring products. Revenue from product sales is governed primarily by customer pricing and related purchase orders (“contracts”) which specify shipping terms and certain aspects of the transaction price including variable considerations such as rebates, discounts and other sales incentives. Contracts are at standalone pricing. The performance obligation in these contracts is determined by each of the individual purchase orders and the respective stated quantities, with revenue being recognized at a point in time when obligations under the terms of the agreement are satisfied. This generally occurs with the transfer of control of our products to the customer and the product is delivered. The Company's customers have an implicit and explicit right to return non-conforming products. A provision for payment discounts and product return allowances, which is estimated, is recorded as a reduction of sales in the same period that the revenue is recognized. ​ Sales Incentives and Other Promotional Programs ​ The Company routinely offers sales incentives and discounts through various regional and national programs to our customers and consumers. These programs include product discounts or allowances, product rebates, product returns, one-time or ongoing trade-promotion programs with customers and consumer coupon programs that require the Company to estimate and accrue the expected costs of such programs. The costs associated with these activities are accounted for as reductions to the transaction price of the Company’s products and are, therefore, recorded as reductions to gross sales at the time of sale. The Company bases its estimates of incentive costs on historical trend experience with similar programs, actual incentive terms per customer contractual obligations and expected levels of performance of trade promotions, utilizing customer and sales organization inputs. The Company maintains liabilities at the end of each period for the estimated incentive costs incurred but unpaid for these programs. Differences between estimated and actual incentive costs are generally not material and are recognized in earnings in the period such differences are determined. Reserves for product returns, accrued rebates and promotional accruals are included in the consolidated balance sheets as part of accounts receivable or accrued expenses. ​ Principal vs. Agent Considerations ​ We frequently enter into consignment arrangements with avocado and tomato growers and packers located outside of the U.S. and growers of certain perishable products in the U.S. We evaluate whether its performance obligation is a promise to transfer services to the customer (as the principal) or to arrange for services to be provided by another party (as the agent) using a control model. This evaluation determined that the Company is in control of establishing the transaction price, managing all aspects of the shipments process and taking the risk of loss for delivery, collection, and returns. Based on the Company’s evaluation of the control model, it determined that all of the Company’s major businesses act as the principal rather than the agent within their revenue arrangements and such revenues are reported on a gross basis. ​ Customers ​ We sell to retail grocery, foodservice, club stores, mass merchandisers, food distributors and wholesale customers. Our top ten customers accounted for approximately 59%, 58% and 56% of our consolidated net sales in fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020. Sales to our largest customer, Kroger (including its affiliates), represented approximately 15%, 16%, and 18% of net sales in each of fiscal years 2022, 2021, and 2020. Trader Joes, represented approximately 11% of net sales in fiscal year 2022. Additionally, Wal-Mart (including its affiliates) represented approximately 10%, 11% and 12% of net sales in fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020. No other single customer accounted for more than 10% of our net sales in any of the last three fiscal years. Shipping and Handling ​ We include shipping and handling fees billed to customers in net sales. Amounts incurred by us for freight are included in cost of goods sold. ​ Promotional Allowances ​ We provide for promotional allowances at the time of sale, based on our historical experience. Our estimates are generally based on evaluating the historical relationship between promotional allowances and gross sales. The derived percentage is then applied to the current period’s sales revenues in order to arrive at the appropriate debit to sales allowances for the period. The offsetting credit is made to accrued expenses. When certain amounts of specific customer accounts are subsequently identified as promotional, they are written off against this allowance. Actual amounts may differ from these estimates and such differences are recognized as an adjustment to net sales in the period they are identified. ​ Loss on Reserve for FreshRealm Note Receivable and Impairment of Investment ​ At the beginning of fiscal year 2020, we had a note receivable from FreshRealm totaling $34.5 million which has been fully reserved during fiscal 2020. ​ In July 2021, FreshRealm paid Calavo the Loan Payoff Amount per the Separation Agreements with FreshRealm (See Note 16) of $6.0 million, and we recorded the receipt as a recovery of the reserve for collectability of the FreshRealm note receivable on the statement of operations. Therefore, the notes receivable mentioned above, have been deemed paid in full. ​ Consignment Arrangements ​ We frequently enter into consignment arrangements with avocado and tomato growers and packers located outside of the U.S. and growers of certain perishable products in the U.S. Although we generally do not take legal title to these avocados and perishable products, we do assume responsibilities (principally assuming credit risk, inventory loss and delivery risk, and pricing risk) that are consistent with acting as a principal in the transaction. Accordingly, the accompanying financial statements include sales and cost of sales from the sale of avocados and perishable products procured under consignment arrangements. Amounts recorded for each of the fiscal years ended October 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 in the financial statements pursuant to consignment arrangements are as follows (in thousands): ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Sales | ​ | $ | 59,748 | ​ | $ | 52,287 | ​ | $ | 64,922 | ​
Cost of Sales | ​ |  | 53,238 | ​ |  | 45,945 | ​ |  | 57,554 | ​
Gross Profit | ​ | $ | 6,510 | ​ | $ | 6,342 | ​ | $ | 7,368 | ​
​ Advertising Expense ​ Advertising costs are expensed when incurred and are generally included as a component of selling, general and administrative expense. Such costs were approximately $0.6 million, $0.4 million and $0.4 million for fiscal years 2022, 2021, and 2020. ​ Research and Development ​ Research and development costs are expensed as incurred and are generally included as a component of selling, general and administrative expense. Total research and development costs for fiscal year 2022, 2021 and 2020 was approximately $0.1 million, $0.3 million and $0.7 million. ​ Restructuring Costs ​ For the year ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, we recorded $2.8 million and $0.9 million of consulting expenses (included in selling, general and administrative expenses) related to an enterprise-wide strategic business review conducted for the purpose of restructuring to improve the profitability of the organization and efficiency of our operations. We also recorded $2.0 million and $0.6 million for the years ended October 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, of management recruiting and severance costs related to this restructuring initiative. ​ Other Income ​ Included in other income is dividend income totaling $0.8 million, $0.6 million, and $0.6 million for fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020. See Note 8 for related party disclosure related to other income. ​ Income Taxes ​ We account for deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future consequences of events that have been recognized in our consolidated financial statements or tax returns. Measurement of the deferred items is based on enacted tax laws. In the event the future consequences of differences between financial reporting bases and tax bases of our assets and liabilities result in a deferred tax asset, we perform an evaluation of the probability of being able to realize the future benefits indicated by such asset. A valuation allowance related to a deferred tax asset is recorded when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. ​ We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. ​ As a multinational corporation, we are subject to taxation in many jurisdictions, and the calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws and regulations in various taxing jurisdictions. If we ultimately determine that the payment of these liabilities will be unnecessary, the liability will be reversed and we will recognize a tax benefit during the period in which it is determined the liability no longer applies. Conversely, we record additional tax charges in a period in which it is determined that a recorded tax liability is less than the ultimate assessment is expected to be. ​ The application of tax laws and regulations is subject to legal and factual interpretation, judgment and uncertainty. Tax laws and regulations themselves are subject to change as a result of changes in fiscal policy, changes in legislation, the evolution of regulations and court rulings. Therefore, the actual liability for U.S. or foreign taxes may be materially different from management’s estimates, which could result in the need to record additional tax liabilities or potentially reverse previously recorded tax liabilities. ​ Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share ​ Basic earnings per share is calculated using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period without consideration of the dilutive effect of stock options and contingent consideration. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period after consideration of the dilutive effect of stock options and the effect of contingent consideration shares. ​ Basic and diluted net loss per share is calculated as follows (U.S. dollars in thousands, except per share data): ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year ended October 31,
​ | ​ | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Numerator: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net loss attributable to Calavo Growers, Inc. | ​ | $ | (6,249) | ​ | $ | (11,818) | ​ | $ | (13,625)
Denominator: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Weighted average shares – Basic | ​ |  | 17,663 | ​ |  | 17,621 | ​ |  | 17,564
Effect of dilutive securities – Restricted stock/units/options (1) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Weighted average shares – Diluted | ​ |  | 17,663 | ​ |  | 17,621 | ​ |  | 17,564
Net loss per share attributable to Calavo Growers, Inc: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic | ​ | $ | (0.35) | ​ | $ | (0.67) | ​ | $ | (0.78)
Diluted | ​ | $ | (0.35) | ​ | $ | (0.67) | ​ | $ | (0.78)
​
| (1) | For the year ended October 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, approximately 82,000 shares, 42,000 shares, and 55,000 shares of common stock equivalents were excluded in the computation of diluted net loss per share, as the effect would be anti-dilutive since the Company reported a net loss.
​ Stock-Based Compensation ​ We account for awards of equity instruments issued to employees under the fair value method of accounting and recognize such amounts in our statements of operations. We measure compensation cost for all stock-based awards at fair value on the date of grant and recognize compensation expense in our consolidated statements of operations over the service period that the awards are expected to vest. ​ For the years ended October 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, we recognized compensation expense of $3.1 million, $4.0 million, and $4.5 million related to stock-based compensation (See Note 12). The value of the stock-based compensation was determined from quoted market prices at the date of the grant. ​ Foreign Currency Translation and Remeasurement ​ Our foreign operations are subject to exchange rate fluctuations and foreign currency transaction costs. The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is the United States dollar. As a result, monetary assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates as of the balance sheet date and non-monetary assets, liabilities and equity are translated at historical rates. Sales and expenses are translated using a weighted-average exchange rate for the period. Gains and losses resulting from those remeasurements are included in income. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are also recognized in income. Total foreign currency translation gains for fiscal 2021, net of losses, was $0.9 million. Total foreign currency translation losses for fiscal 2022 and 2020, net of gains, were $1.0 million for each year. ​ Fair Value of Financial Instruments ​ We believe that the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and short-term borrowings approximates fair value based on either their short-term nature or on terms currently available to the Company in financial markets. Due to current market rates, we believe that our fixed-rate long-term obligations and finance leases have nearly the same fair value and carrying value of approximately $6.0 million and $7.1 million as of October 31, 2022 and 2021. ​ Derivative Financial Instruments ​ We were not a party to any material derivative instruments during the fiscal year. It is currently our intent not to use derivative instruments for speculative or trading purposes. Additionally, we do not use any hedging or forward contracts to offset market volatility. ​ Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements ​ In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU 2019-12, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes," which amends and simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions and providing new guidance to reduce complexity in certain aspects of the current guidance. This guidance was adopted by the Company during the first quarter of 2022 and did not impact the Company’s financial statements or related disclosures. ​ Noncontrolling Interest ​ The following tables reconcile shareholders’ equity attributable to noncontrolling interest related to Avocados de Jalisco (in thousands). ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  |  | Year ended |  | Year ended
Avocados de Jalisco noncontrolling interest |  | ​ | October 31, 2022 | ​ | October 31, 2021
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Noncontrolling interest, beginning | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,368 | ​ | $ | 1,472
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest of Avocados de Jalisco | ​ | ​ |  | (353) | ​ |  | (104)
Noncontrolling interest, ending | ​ | ​ | $ | 1,015 | ​ | $ | 1,368
​

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the basis of presentation and significant accounting policies concepts. Basis of presentation describes the underlying basis used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS). Accounting policies describe all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122369 + Details
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