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STRATEGIC ARRANGEMENTS
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Research and Development [Abstract]  
STRATEGIC ARRANGEMENTS
STRATEGIC ARRANGEMENTS

Effective December 1, 2007, we entered into a 10 year agreement with Case Western Reserve University (“CASE”) to assist in certain aspects of our research and development. Effective August 2, 2017, we entered into an Amended and Restated License Agreement to account for additional licensed product extend the agreement for another ten years. The main focus of this research and development involves leveraging our exclusive rights to the Hamann-Todd Collection of the Cleveland National History Museum, the world's largest pediatric osteological collection, to assist in the design of implants which match pediatric bone curvature and structure.

In exchange for services, CASE receives certain royalties and up-front fees. The royalties and certain fees are contingent upon our obtaining FDA approval and the launch of our products into the marketplace. CASE receives a minimum annual royalty of $10 or a royalty of 3% of net sales on products, whichever is greater. Additionally, for each new product developed, CASE will receive milestone payments of $5 for FDA approval to sell our products within the United States and a milestone payment of $10 for general product launch. Additionally, CASE receives a royalty of 3% of net sales on products fully developed and being sold in the marketplace.

The royalty expense recognized related to the CASE agreement is recorded as a component of cost of revenue and amounted to $148, $119 and $120 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, $37 and $34, respectively, was due to CASE.