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Basis of Presentation and Nature of Operations | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Basis of Presentation and Nature of Operations | Basis of Presentation and Nature of Operations ACNB Corporation (the Corporation or ACNB), headquartered in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, provides banking, insurance, and financial services to businesses and consumers through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, ACNB Bank (Bank) and ACNB Insurance Services, Inc. The Bank engages in full-service commercial and consumer banking and wealth management services, including trust and retail brokerage, through its 26 community banking offices, including 17 community banking office locations in Adams, Cumberland, Franklin and York Counties, Pennsylvania, and 9 community banking office locations in Carroll and Frederick Counties, Maryland. There are also loan production offices situated in Lancaster and York, Pennsylvania, and Hunt Valley, Maryland. ACNB Insurance Services, Inc. is a full-service insurance agency based in Westminster, Maryland, with additional locations in Jarrettsville, Maryland, and Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The agency offers a broad range of property, casualty, health, life and disability insurance to both individual and commercial clients. The Corporation’s primary sources of revenue are interest income on loans and investment securities and fee income on its products and services. Expenses consist of interest expense on deposits and borrowed funds, provisions for credit losses, and other operating expenses. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (US GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments necessary to present fairly ACNB Corporation’s statement of condition, statement of income, comprehensive (loss) income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The accounting policies followed by the Corporation are set forth in Note A to the Corporation’s consolidated financial statements in the 2022 ACNB Corporation Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 3, 2023. It is suggested that the consolidated financial statements contained herein be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results of operations for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform to the current period presentation. Reclassifications had no material effect on prior year net income or stockholders’ equity. The Corporation has evaluated events and transactions occurring subsequent to the balance sheet date of September 30, 2023, for items that should potentially be recognized or disclosed in the consolidated financial statements. The evaluation was conducted through the date these consolidated financial statements were issued. Recently Adopted Accounting Standards In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”, universally referred to as Current Expected Credit Loss (CECL). The amendments in this ASU, among other things, require the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets, including but not limited to loans, held to maturity securities and purchased financial assets, held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied previously are still permitted, although the inputs to those techniques changed to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. In addition, Topic 326 amends the accounting for credit losses on certain other debt securities. The Corporation did not record any allowance for credit losses on its debt securities as a result of adopting Topic 326. For smaller reporting companies, such as the Corporation, this standard (Topic 326) was effective as of January 1, 2023. The Bank’s CECL Committee, which includes members from Credit Administration, Accounting/Finance, Risk Management and Internal Audit, has oversight by the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and Chief Credit Officer. The Bank engaged a third-party to assist in developing the CECL model and to assist with evaluation of data and methodologies related to this standard. As part of its process of adopting CECL, management implemented a third party software solution and determined appropriate loan segments, methodologies, model assumptions and qualitative components. The Bank’s CECL model includes portfolio loan segmentation based upon similar risk characteristics and both a quantitative and qualitative component of the calculation which incorporates a forecasting component of certain economic variables. The Bank’s implementation plan also includes the assessment and documentation of appropriate processes, policies and internal controls. Management had a third party independent consultant review and validate the CECL model. The ultimate impact of adopting Topic 326, and at each subsequent reporting period, is highly dependent on credit quality, macroeconomic forecasts and conditions, composition of the loans and securities portfolio, along with other management judgments. The Corporation adopted Topic 326 using the modified retrospective method. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2023 are presented under Topic 326 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable GAAP. In connection with the adoption of Topic 326, the Corporation made changes to the loan portfolio segments to align with the methodology applied in determining the allowance under CECL. Refer to Note 8 — “Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of these portfolio segments. The adoption of Topic 326 resulted in a Day 1 adjustment of $3.3 million, including an increase to the allowance for credit losses (ACL) of $1.6 million and a $1.6 million reserve on unfunded loan commitments recorded in the liabilities section on the Consolidated Statements of Condition on January 1, 2023. As of January 1, 2023, the Corporation recorded a cumulative effect adjustment of $2.4 million to decrease retained earnings related to the adoption of Topic 326. Upon CECL adoption the Corporation elected to implement the regulatory agencies’ capital transition relief over the permissible three-year period. The following table illustrates the impact of Topic 326:
|  | January 1, 2023
In thousands |  | As Reported Under Topic 326 |  | Pre Topic 326 |  | Impact of Topic 326 Adoption
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | (2,086) |  |  | $ | (2,848) |  |  | $ | 762 |
Commercial real estate |  | (11,122) |  |  | (10,016) |  |  | (1,106) |
Commercial real estate construction |  | (2,347) |  |  | (1,000) |  |  | (1,347) |
Residential mortgage |  | (3,326) |  |  | (3,029) |  |  | (297) |
Home equity lines of credit |  | (364) |  |  | (347) |  |  | (17) |
Consumer |  | (234) |  |  | (376) |  |  | 142 |
Unallocated |  | — |  |  | (245) |  |  | 245 |
Allowance for credit losses on loans |  | $ | (19,479) |  |  | $ | (17,861) |  |  | $ | (1,618) |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Loans, net of allowance for credit losses |  | $ | 1,519,131 |  |  | $ | 1,520,749 |  |  | $ | 1,618 |
Net deferred tax asset |  | 18,452 |  |  | 17,718 |  |  | 734 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for unfunded commitments |  | 1,735 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 1,643 |
Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Retained earnings |  | 242,674 |  |  | 245,042 |  |  | 2,368 |
The ACL represents an amount which, in management’s judgment, is adequate to absorb expected losses on outstanding loans at the balance sheet date based on the evaluation of the size and current risk characteristics of the loan portfolio, past events, current conditions, reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions and prepayment experience. The ACL is measured and recorded upon the initial recognition of a financial asset. The ACL is reduced by charge-offs, net of recoveries of previous losses, and is increased or decreased by a provision for credit losses, which is recorded as a current period operating expense. Determination of an appropriate ACL is inherently complex and requires the use of significant and highly subjective estimates. The reasonableness of the ACL is reviewed quarterly by management. Management believes it uses relevant information available to make determinations about the ACL and that it has established the existing allowance in accordance with GAAP. However, the determination of the ACL requires significant judgment, and estimates of expected losses in the loan portfolio can vary significantly from the amounts actually observed. While management uses available information to recognize expected losses, future additions to the ACL may be necessary based on changes in the loans comprising the portfolio, changes in the current and forecasted economic conditions, changes to the interest rate environment which may directly impact prepayment and curtailment rate assumptions, and changes in the financial condition of borrowers. The adoption of CECL accounting did not result in a significant change to any other credit risk management and monitoring processes, including identification of past due or delinquent borrowers, nonaccrual practices or charge-off policy. The Corporation’s methodology for estimating the ACL includes: Segmentation. The Corporation’s loan portfolio is segmented by loan types that have similar risk characteristics and behave similarly during economic cycles. Specific Analysis. A specific reserve analysis is applied to certain individually evaluated loans. These loans are evaluated quarterly generally based on collateral value, observable market value or the present value of expected future cash flows. A specific reserve is established if the fair value is less than the loan balance. A charge-off is recognized when the loss is quantifiable. Individually evaluated loans not specifically analyzed reside in the Quantitative Analysis. Quantitative Analysis. The Corporation elected to use Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) and chose unemployment rate as the driving factor of their economic forecasts. In regards to unemployment rates, the Corporation elected to forecast economic factors over the period of the next four quarters. The Corporation chose not to extend beyond four quarters given the inherent risks associated with forecasting. The Corporation utilizes relevant third party forecasts as a basis and support for its own forecast. These forecasts are assumed to revert to the long-term average and utilized in the model to estimate the probability of default and loss given default through regression. The Corporation elected a reversion period of four quarters. The Corporation deemed four quarters to be a reasonable time period to ensure it did not include irrelevant information, but also not too short to introduce unnecessary volatility. Model assumptions include, but are not limited to the discount rate, prepayment speeds, funding rates, and curtailments. The product of the probability of default and the loss given default is the estimated loss rate, which varies over time. The estimated loss rate is applied within the appropriate periods in the cash flow model to determine the net present value. Net present value is also impacted by assumptions related to the duration between default and recovery. The reserve is based on the difference between the summation of the principal balances taking amortized costs into consideration and the summation of the net present values. Qualitative Analysis. Based on management’s review and analysis of internal, external and model risks, management may adjust the model output. Management reviews the peaks and troughs of the model’s calibration, taking into account economic forecasts to develop guardrails that serve as the basis for determining the reasonableness of the model’s output and makes adjustments as necessary. This process challenges unexpected variability resulting from outputs beyond the model’s calibration that appear to be unreasonable. Additionally, management may adjust the economic forecast if it is incompatible with known market conditions based on management’s experience and perspective. The current expected losses of $1.6 million were recorded due to the adoption of CECL, which now incorporates the concept of lifetime losses. Included in the allowance for unfunded commitments in the first quarter of 2023, was $1.6 million recorded upon Day 1 CECL adoption. Between the Day 1 CECL model and the model ended September 30, 2023, an additional $226,000 of provision was recognized, which resulted in a total allowance for unfunded commitments of $2.0 million at September 30, 2023. In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures.” ASU 2022-02 made certain targeted amendments specific to troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) by creditors and vintage disclosure related to gross write-offs. Upon adoption, the Corporation is required to apply the loan and refinancing and restructuring guidance to determine whether a modification results in a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan, rather than applying the recognition and measurement guidance for TDRs. The ASU also requires companies to disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investment in leases within scope of Subtopic 326-20. ASU 2022-02 is effective March 31, 2023, for entities that have adopted ASU 2016-13, otherwise effective date is the same as ASU 2016-13. The Corporation adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2023 and simultaneously implemented ASU 2022-02. Accounting Standards Pending Adoption In December 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-06, “Deferral of the Sunset Date of Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848)”. This ASU extends the sunset date of ASC Topic 848 (Reference Rate Reform) to December 31, 2024, in response to the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) extension of the intended cessation date of LIBOR in the United States. The Corporation evaluated the impact of this standard, and believes that its adoption will not have a material impact on the Corporation’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

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