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INCOME TAXES | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
INCOME TAXES | INCOME TAXES Income Before Income Taxes The consolidated income before income taxes for 2023, 2022, and 2021 consists of the following (in thousands):
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Domestic | $ | 291,816 |  |  | $ | 144,443 |  |  | $ | 5,426 |
Foreign | 2,869 |  |  | 1,992 |  |  | (4,136) |
Total income before income taxes | $ | 294,685 |  |  | $ | 146,435 |  |  | $ | 1,290 |
Income Tax Expense The consolidated income tax expense for 2023, 2022, and 2021 consists of the following components (in thousands):
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Current |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | 65,797 |  |  | $ | 34,490 |  |  | $ | 8,449 |
State | 9,322 |  |  | 6,468 |  |  | (1,098) |
Foreign | 1,170 |  |  | 321 |  |  | 922 |
| 76,289 |  |  | 41,279 |  |  | 8,273 |
Deferred |  |  |  |  |
Federal | (14,889) |  |  | (5,911) |  |  | (9,423) |
State | 1,430 |  |  | (1,703) |  |  | 1,310 |
Foreign | — |  |  | — |  |  | (34) |
| (13,459) |  |  | (7,614) |  |  | (8,147) |
Total consolidated expense | $ | 62,830 |  |  | $ | 33,665 |  |  | $ | 126 |
The following table provides a reconciliation of differences from the U.S. Federal statutory rates as follows (in thousands):
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Pretax book income | $ | 294,685 |  |  | $ | 146,435 |  |  | $ | 1,290 |
Federal tax expense at applicable statutory rate | 61,884 |  |  | 30,751 |  |  | 271 |
State and local income taxes | 9,398 |  |  | 3,669 |  |  | 212 |
Impairment and divestiture | — |  |  | — |  |  | 870 |
Tax credits | (9,572) |  |  | (2,422) |  |  | (2,065) |
Nondeductible officer (benefit) compensation | (546) |  |  | 977 |  |  | 390 |
Compensation (benefit) expense | (1,563) |  |  | 1,013 |  |  | 964 |
Other | 3,229 |  |  | (323) |  |  | (516) |
Total income tax expense | $ | 62,830 |  |  | $ | 33,665 |  |  | $ | 126 |
Deferred Taxes The Company’s deferred income taxes are primarily due to temporary differences between financial and income tax reporting for incentive compensation, depreciation of property, plant and equipment, amortization of intangibles, and other accrued liabilities. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Companies are required to assess whether valuation allowances should be established against their deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all available evidence, both positive and negative, using a “more likely than not” standard. In making such judgments, significant weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified. The Company assesses, on a quarterly basis, the realizability of its deferred tax assets by evaluating all available evidence, both positive and negative, including: (1) the cumulative results of operations in recent years, (2) the nature of recent losses, if applicable, (3) estimates of future taxable income, (4) the length of net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) and (5) the uncertainty associated with a possible change in ownership, which imposes an annual limitation on the use of these carryforwards. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company retained a valuation allowance of $0.7 million and $0.8 million, respectively, against deferred tax assets related to various state and local NOLs that are subject to restrictive rules for future utilization. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no U.S. federal tax NOLs. The Company incurred a net loss in 2020 and fully utilized that loss in carrybacks. The Company has various multi-state income tax NOLs aggregating approximately $47.5 million which will expire between 2024 and 2043, if unused. The components of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands):
| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Deferred tax assets |  |  |
Tax credits and loss carryforwards | $ | 2,128 |  |  | $ | 2,929 |
Accrued liabilities | 8,242 |  |  | 5,965 |
Incentive compensation | 8,131 |  |  | 6,960 |
Operating lease assets | 8,102 |  |  | 5,878 |
Research expenditure amortization | 22,160 |  |  | 7,739 |
Other | 2,730 |  |  | 6,560 |
| 51,493 |  |  | 36,031 |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment | (21,731) |  |  | (22,991) |
Intangibles | (32,773) |  |  | (30,188) |
Operating lease liabilities | (8,102) |  |  | (5,878) |
Other | (5,182) |  |  | (3,957) |
| (67,788) |  |  | (63,014) |
Net deferred tax liability before valuation allowances and reserves | (16,295) |  |  | (26,983) |
Valuation allowances | (718) |  |  | (775) |
Net deferred tax liability | $ | (17,013) |  |  | $ | (27,758) |
Tax Reserves The Company’s policy with respect to interest and penalties associated with reserves or allowances for uncertain tax positions is to classify such interest and penalties in Income tax expense (benefit) on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the total amount of unrecognized income tax benefits, which are included in either Other noncurrent liabilities or Deferred income taxes in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, was approximately $4.8 million and $2.4 million, respectively, including interest and penalties, all of which, if recognized, would impact the effective income tax rate of the Company. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had recorded a total of $0.9 million and $0.9 million, respectively, of accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions. The Company expects no significant changes to the facts and circumstances underlying its reserves and allowances for uncertain income tax positions as reasonably possible during the next 12 months. As of December 31, 2023, the Company is subject to unexpired statutes of limitation for U.S. federal income taxes for the years 2020 through 2022. The Company is also subject to unexpired statutes of limitation for Indiana state income taxes for the years 2020 through 2022.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 946 -SubTopic 20 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 13 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-13 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2)) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//740/tableOfContent Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 14 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-14 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-21 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 270 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482526/740-270-50-1 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 17 -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-17 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-2 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 30 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482603/740-30-50-2 + Details
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