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Income taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Income taxes Disclosure [Abstract] |
Component of Income Taxes Expenses | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Years ended December 31,
​ |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023
​ | ​ | (In millions)
Pre-tax income (loss): |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
United States | ​ | $ | 131.4 | ​ | $ | 81.4 | ​ | $ | 53.2
Non-U.S. subsidiaries | ​ |  | 126.4 | ​ |  | 88.5 | ​ |  | (72.7)
Total | ​ | $ | 257.8 | ​ | $ | 169.9 | ​ | $ | (19.5)
Expected tax expense (benefit) at U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21% |  | $ | 54.1 | ​ | $ | 35.7 | ​ | $ | (4.1)
Non-U.S. tax rates | ​ |  | 4.5 | ​ |  | 2.0 | ​ |  | (6.3)
Incremental net tax benefit on earnings and losses of U.S. and non-U.S. tax group companies | ​ |  | (2.0) | ​ |  | (1.7) | ​ |  | (13.9)
Valuation allowance | ​ |  | .9 | ​ |  | (3.0) | ​ |  | 2.2
Global intangible low-tax income, net | ​ |  | 2.8 | ​ |  | 1.8 | ​ |  | (.4)
U.S. state income taxes, net | ​ | ​ | 1.5 | ​ | ​ | 1.5 | ​ | ​ | .6
Adjustment to the reserve for uncertain tax positions, net | ​ |  | (2.6) | ​ |  | (2.9) | ​ |  | (.7)
Nondeductible expenses | ​ |  | 1.1 | ​ |  | 1.0 | ​ |  | 1.2
Other, net | ​ |  | (.2) | ​ |  | (.6) | ​ |  | (1.0)
Income tax expense (benefit) | ​ | $ | 60.1 | ​ | $ | 33.8 | ​ | $ | (22.4)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Components of income tax expense (benefit): | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Currently payable: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
U.S. federal and state | ​ | $ | 29.7 | ​ | $ | 16.3 | ​ | $ | 12.6
Non-U.S. | ​ |  | 21.5 | ​ |  | 20.1 | ​ |  | 13.5
Total | ​ |  | 51.2 | ​ |  | 36.4 | ​ |  | 26.1
Deferred income taxes (benefit): | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
U.S. federal and state | ​ |  | (1.7) | ​ |  | (3.9) | ​ |  | (12.6)
Non-U.S. | ​ |  | 10.6 | ​ |  | 1.3 | ​ |  | (35.9)
Total | ​ |  | 8.9 | ​ |  | (2.6) | ​ |  | (48.5)
Income tax expense (benefit) | ​ | $ | 60.1 | ​ | $ | 33.8 | ​ | $ | (22.4)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Comprehensive provision (benefit) for income taxes allocable to: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Net income (loss) | ​ | $ | 60.1 | ​ | $ | 33.8 | ​ | $ | (22.4)
Other comprehensive income (loss): | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Currency translation | ​ |  | (.8) | ​ |  | (3.3) | ​ |  | .4
Pension plans | ​ |  | 29.7 | ​ |  | 60.7 | ​ |  | (7.6)
Other | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | .9 | ​ |  | (.3)
Total | ​ | $ | 89.0 | ​ | $ | 92.1 | ​ | $ | (29.9)
Components of Net Deferred Tax Asset (Liability) | The components of the net deferred income taxes at December 31, 2022 and 2023 are summarized in the following table.
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | December 31,
​ |  | 2022 | ​ | 2023
​ | ​ | Assets | ​ | Liabilities | ​ | Assets | ​ | Liabilities
​ |  | ​ | (In millions)
Tax effect of temporary differences related to: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Inventories | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | (5.3) | ​ | $ | 1.4 | ​ | $ | —
Property and equipment | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (62.8) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (62.9)
Lease assets (liabilities) | ​ |  | 5.3 | ​ |  | (5.4) | ​ |  | 5.7 | ​ |  | (5.7)
Accrued OPEB costs | ​ |  | 2.0 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 2.1 | ​ |  | —
Accrued pension costs | ​ |  | 22.0 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 26.9 | ​ |  | —
Accrued environmental liabilities | ​ |  | 25.9 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 22.6 | ​ |  | —
Other deductible differences | ​ |  | 12.0 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 14.1 | ​ |  | —
Other taxable differences | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (15.8) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (15.3)
Investments in subsidiaries and affiliates | ​ |  | 6.7 | ​ |  | (62.3) | ​ |  | 10.5 | ​ |  | (54.7)
Tax on unremitted earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (11.4) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (10.9)
Tax loss and tax credit carryforwards | ​ |  | 82.6 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 119.6 | ​ |  | —
Valuation allowance | ​ |  | (16.5) | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (18.2) | ​ |  | —
Adjusted gross deferred tax assets (liabilities) | ​ |  | 140.0 | ​ |  | (163.0) | ​ |  | 184.7 | ​ |  | (149.5)
Netting of items by tax jurisdiction | ​ |  | (99.5) | ​ |  | 99.5 | ​ |  | (117.7) | ​ |  | 117.7
Net noncurrent deferred tax asset (liability) | ​ | $ | 40.5 | ​ | $ | (63.5) | ​ | $ | 67.0 | ​ | $ | (31.8)
Changes in Uncertain Tax Positions | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Years ended December 31,
​ |  | 2021 |  | 2022 | ​ | 2023
​ |  | ​ | (In millions)
Unrecognized tax benefits: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  | ​ |  |
Amount at beginning of year | ​ | $ | 9.6 | ​ | $ | 6.4 | ​ | $ | 3.5
Tax positions taken in current period | ​ |  | .6 | ​ |  | .7 | ​ |  | .5
Lapse due to applicable statute of limitations | ​ |  | (3.6) | ​ |  | (3.4) | ​ |  | (1.2)
Changes in currency exchange rates | ​ |  | (.2) | ​ |  | (.2) | ​ |  | —
Amount at end of year | ​ | $ | 6.4 | ​ | $ | 3.5 | ​ | $ | 2.8

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