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Business and geographic segments - Segment Operating Performance (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended
--- | --- | --- | ---
Dec. 31, 2023 | Sep. 30, 2023 | Jun. 30, 2023 | Mar. 31, 2023 | Sep. 30, 2022 | Jun. 30, 2022 | Sep. 30, 2021 | Jun. 30, 2021 | Jun. 30, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ 1,921.7 | $ 2,222.5 | $ 2,296.4
Cost of sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,676.5 | 1,732.1 | 1,716.2
Gross margin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 245.2 | 490.4 | 580.2
Operating income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 34.2 | 239.4 | 318.6
Interest income and other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21.3 | 10.4 | 4.0
Gain on land sales |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ 10.4 | $ 5.6 | $ 1.5 | 1.5 |  | 16.0
Other components of net periodic pension and OPEB expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (11.8) | (13.9) | (17.0)
Changes in market value of Valhi common stock held by subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1.7) | (1.6) | 3.3
General expenses, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (34.7) | (36.5) | (34.6)
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (28.3) | (27.9) | (32.5)
Income (loss) before income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (19.5) | 169.9 | 257.8
Restructuring Costs | $ 5.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Insurance recoveries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.0 | 2.8 | 0.1
Fixed asset impairment | $ 3.8 |  |  |  |  | $ 16.4 |  |  |  | 3.8 |  |
Chemicals |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,666.5 | 1,930.2 | 1,939.4
Cost of sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,502.7 | 1,540.2 | 1,494.5
Gross margin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 163.8 | 390.0 | 444.9
Operating income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (41.1) | 174.6 | 200.8
Insurance recoveries |  | $ 2.5 | $ 2.5 | $ 2.5 | $ 2.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Component products |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 161.3 | 166.6 | 140.8
Cost of sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 112.1 | 117.8 | 98.1
Gross margin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 49.2 | 48.8 | 42.7
Operating income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 25.4 | 25.4 | 20.5
Real estate management and development |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 93.9 | 125.7 | 216.2
Cost of sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 61.7 | 74.1 | 123.6
Gross margin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 32.2 | 51.6 | 92.6
Operating income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ 49.9 | $ 39.4 | $ 97.3

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