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Income taxes | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2024
Income taxes |
Income taxes | Note 13 – Income taxes: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three months ended | ​ | Nine months ended
​ | ​ | September 30, | ​ | September 30,
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024
​ | ​ | (In millions)
Expected tax expense (benefit) at U.S. federal statutory income tax rate of 21% |  | $ | (2.0) | ​ | $ | 25.2 | ​ | $ | (5.5) | ​ | $ | 36.9
Non-U.S. tax rates | ​ |  | (1.9) | ​ |  | .5 | ​ |  | (4.3) | ​ |  | .4
Incremental net tax benefit on earnings and losses of U.S. and non-U.S. tax group companies | ​ |  | (4.4) | ​ |  | 4.5 | ​ |  | (9.5) | ​ |  | .2
Global intangible low-tax income, net | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1.5 | ​ |  | .1 | ​ |  | 2.9
Valuation allowance, net | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1.3 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 3.8
Adjustment to the reserve for uncertain tax positions, net | ​ |  | .1 | ​ |  | .2 | ​ |  | (.6) | ​ |  | .4
Adjustment of prior year taxes, net | ​ | ​ | (.1) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (.5) | ​ | ​ | —
Nondeductible expenses | ​ | ​ | .2 | ​ | ​ | .5 | ​ | ​ | .7 | ​ | ​ | 1.1
U.S. state income taxes and other, net | ​ | ​ | .3 | ​ | ​ | .6 | ​ | ​ | (.2) | ​ | ​ | .9
Income tax expense (benefit) | ​ | $ | (7.8) | ​ | $ | 34.3 | ​ | $ | (19.8) | ​ | $ | 46.6
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Comprehensive provision (benefit) for income taxes allocable to: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Net income (loss) | ​ | $ | (7.8) | ​ | $ | 34.3 | ​ | $ | (19.8) | ​ | $ | 46.6
Other comprehensive income (loss): | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Currency translation | ​ |  | (.2) | ​ |  | .7 | ​ |  | (1.6) | ​ |  | (1.4)
Pension plans | ​ |  | .3 | ​ |  | .2 | ​ |  | 1.4 | ​ |  | .8
Other | ​ |  | (.1) | ​ |  | .2 | ​ |  | (.4) | ​ |  | —
Total | ​ | $ | (7.8) | ​ | $ | 35.4 | ​ | $ | (20.4) | ​ | $ | 46.0
​ The amount shown in the preceding table of our income tax rate reconciliation for non-U.S. tax rates represents the result determined by multiplying the pre-tax earnings or losses of each of our non-U.S. subsidiaries by the difference between the applicable statutory income tax rate for each non-U.S. jurisdiction and the U.S. federal statutory tax rate. The amount shown on such table for incremental net tax benefit on earnings and losses on non-U.S. and non-tax group companies includes, as applicable, (i) deferred income taxes (or deferred income tax benefits) associated with the current year earnings (losses) of all our Chemicals Segment’s non-U.S. subsidiaries, (ii) current U.S. income taxes (or current income tax benefit) including U.S. personal holding company tax, as applicable, attributable to current-year income (losses) of one of our Chemicals Segment’s non-U.S. subsidiaries, which subsidiary is treated as a dual resident for U.S. income tax purposes, to the extent the current year income (losses) of such subsidiary is subject to U.S. income tax under the U.S. dual-resident provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, (iii) deferred income taxes associated with our direct investment in Kronos and (iv) current and deferred income taxes associated with distributions and earnings from our investments in LandWell and BMI. See Note 1 for additional information related to the revision impacting income taxes. Tax authorities are examining certain of our U.S. and non-U.S. income tax returns and may propose tax deficiencies, including penalties and interest. We believe we have adequate accruals for additional taxes and related interest expense which could ultimately result from tax examinations. We believe the ultimate disposition of tax examinations should not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity. We currently estimate that our unrecognized tax benefits will not change materially during the next twelve months.

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