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Business and geographic segments - Segment Operating Performance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions |  | 3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended
--- | --- | --- | ---
Jul. 16, 2024 | Jun. 30, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022
Business and geographic segments |  |  |  |  |
Net sales |  |  | $ 2,104.8 | $ 1,921.7 | $ 2,222.5
Cost of sales |  |  | 1,680.3 | 1,676.5 | 1,732.1
Gross margin |  |  | 424.5 | 245.2 | 490.4
Operating income |  |  | 210.7 | 34.2 | 239.4
Interest income and other |  |  | 22.0 | 21.3 | 10.4
Gain on remeasurement of investment in TiO2 manufacturing joint venture | $ 64.5 |  | 64.5 |  |
Insurance recoveries |  |  | 1.4 | 3.0 | 2.8
Gain on land sales |  |  | 0.5 | 1.5 |
Other components of net periodic pension and OPEB expense |  |  | (2.6) | (11.8) | (13.9)
Changes in market value of Valhi common stock held by subsidiaries |  |  | 1.9 | (1.7) | (1.6)
General expenses, net |  |  | (4.3) | (35.2) | (36.6)
Interest expense |  |  | (49.9) | (28.3) | (27.9)
Income (loss) before income taxes |  |  | 244.2 | (19.5) | 169.9
Restructuring Costs |  |  | 2.0 | 5.8 |
Fixed asset impairment |  |  |  | 3.8 |
N L Industries Inc |  |  |  |  |
Business and geographic segments |  |  |  |  |
Insurance recoveries |  |  | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.1
Basic Management Inc |  |  |  |  |
Business and geographic segments |  |  |  |  |
Fixed asset impairment |  | $ 16.4 |  |  |
Chemicals |  |  |  |  |
Business and geographic segments |  |  |  |  |
Net sales |  |  | 1,887.1 | 1,666.5 | 1,930.2
Cost of sales |  |  | 1,530.1 | 1,502.7 | 1,540.2
Gross margin |  |  | 357.0 | 163.8 | 390.0
Operating income |  |  | 138.5 | (41.1) | 174.6
Insurance recoveries |  |  |  | 2.5 | 2.7
Component products |  |  |  |  |
Business and geographic segments |  |  |  |  |
Net sales |  |  | 145.9 | 161.3 | 166.6
Cost of sales |  |  | 104.6 | 112.1 | 117.8
Gross margin |  |  | 41.3 | 49.2 | 48.8
Operating income |  |  | 17.0 | 25.4 | 25.4
Real estate management and development |  |  |  |  |
Business and geographic segments |  |  |  |  |
Net sales |  |  | 71.8 | 93.9 | 125.7
Cost of sales |  |  | 45.6 | 61.7 | 74.1
Gross margin |  |  | 26.2 | 32.2 | 51.6
Operating income |  |  | $ 55.2 | $ 49.9 | $ 39.4

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