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v3.25.2

Business segment information - Segment Operating Performance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions | 3 Months Ended | 6 Months Ended
--- | --- | ---
Jun. 30, 2025 | Jun. 30, 2024 | Jun. 30, 2025 | Jun. 30, 2024
Business segment information |  |  |  |
Net sales | $ 540.4 | $ 559.7 | $ 1,079.0 | $ 1,090.3
Cost of sales | 462.3 | 438.4 | 878.4 | 882.7
Gross margin | 78.1 | 121.3 | 200.6 | 207.6
Operating income | 35.5 | 54.8 | 85.6 | 86.3
Interest income and other | 3.7 | 5.5 | 8.0 | 11.2
Other components of net periodic pension and OPEB expense | (0.7) | (0.6) | (1.5) | (1.2)
Changes in market value of Valhi common stock held by subsidiaries |  | 0.1 | (1.7) | 0.6
General expenses, net | (9.2) | (10.3) | (17.1) | (18.1)
Interest expense | (13.8) | (11.9) | (27.0) | (23.2)
Income before income taxes | 15.5 | 37.6 | 46.3 | 55.6
Chemicals |  |  |  |
Business segment information |  |  |  |
Net sales | 494.4 | 500.5 | 984.2 | 979.3
Cost of sales | 432.1 | 400.7 | 815.5 | 808.6
Gross margin | 62.3 | 99.8 | 168.7 | 170.7
Operating income | 10.3 | 40.5 | 51.5 | 63.3
Component products |  |  |  |
Business segment information |  |  |  |
Net sales | 40.3 | 35.9 | 80.6 | 73.9
Cost of sales | 27.4 | 24.8 | 55.5 | 53.1
Gross margin | 12.9 | 11.1 | 25.1 | 20.8
Operating income | 6.3 | 5.1 | 12.2 | 8.8
Real estate management and development |  |  |  |
Business segment information |  |  |  |
Net sales | 5.7 | 23.3 | 14.2 | 37.1
Cost of sales | 2.8 | 12.9 | 7.4 | 21.0
Gross margin | 2.9 | 10.4 | 6.8 | 16.1
Operating income | $ 18.9 | $ 9.2 | $ 21.9 | $ 14.2

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