2. INVESTMENTS

The following table summarizes investments by type of security as of December 31, 2013:


	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities, short-term	$	13,178,878	$	3,742	$	(1,744	)	$	13,180,876
Corporate debt securities, long-term		4,053,426		845		(1,845	)		4,052,426

Total	$	17,232,304	$	4,587	$	(3,589	)	$	17,233,302

The following table summarizes investments by type of security as of September 30, 2013:


	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Market Value
Available-for-sale securities:
Corporate debt securities, short-term	$	5,729,034	$	2,378	$	(540	)	$	5,730,872
Corporate debt securities, long-term		—		—		—			—

Total	$	5,729,034	$	2,378	$	(540	)	$	5,730,872

The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Amortization of premiums, accretion of discounts, interest, dividend income and realized gains and losses are included in investment income.

The Company determines the appropriate designation of investments at the time of purchase and reevaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date. All of the Company’s investments are designated as available-for-sale debt securities. As of December 31, 2013 and September 30, 2013, the Company’s short-term investments have maturity dates of less than one year from the balance sheet date and the Company’s long-term investments have maturity dates of greater than one year from the balance sheet date.

Available-for-sale marketable securities are carried at fair value as determined by quoted market prices for identical or similar assets, with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, and reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Management reviews the fair value of the portfolio at least monthly, and evaluates individual securities with fair value below amortized cost at the balance sheet date. For debt securities, in order to determine whether impairment is other than temporary, management must conclude whether the Company intends to sell the impaired security and whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovering its amortized cost basis. If management intends to sell an impaired debt security or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security prior to recovering its amortized cost basis, an other-than-temporary impairment is deemed to have occurred. The amount of an other-than-temporary impairment on debt securities related to a credit loss, or securities that management intends to sell before recovery, is recognized in earnings. The amount of an other-than-temporary impairment on debt securities related to other factors is recorded consistent with changes in the fair value of all other available-for-sale securities as a component of stockholders’ equity in other comprehensive income. No other-than-temporary impairment charges were recognized in the three months ended December 31, 2013 and 2012.

Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures

FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements (“ASC 820”) defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value under GAAP and enhances disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is defined under ASC 820 as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value under ASC 820 must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. ASC 820 describes a fair value hierarchy based on the following three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable:

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Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

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Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and

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Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Based on the fair value hierarchy, all of the Company’s investments are classified as Level 2, as represented in the following table:


	December 31, 2013		September 30, 2013
Short-term investments:
Corporate debt securities
Financial	$	8,240,029	$	3,411,661
Industrial		1,443,139		1,517,327
Utility		1,100,053		401,984
Commercial paper
Financial		1,597,612		—
Industrial		—		399,900
Certificate of deposit—financial		800,043		—

Total short-term investments	$	13,180,876	$	5,730,872

Long-term investments:
Corporate debt securities
Financial	$	2,506,230	$	—
Industrial		1,182,490		—
Utility		363,706		—

Total long-term investments	$	4,052,426	$	—