10-Q 1 mitk-20180630x10q.htm 10-Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2018

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .
Commission File Number 001-35231

MITEK SYSTEMS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 87-0418827
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
600 B Street, Suite 100 San Diego, California | 92101
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) | (Zip Code)

(619) 269-6800
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer | ☒
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company | ☐
Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
There were 37,796,791 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of July 31, 2018.

MITEK SYSTEMS, INC.
FORM 10-Q
For The Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2018
INDEX

| PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements | 1
| Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2018 (Unaudited) and September 30, 2017 | 1
| Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited) for the Three and Nine Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 | 2
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 | 3
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 4
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 22
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 29
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 30
| PART II. OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 31
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 31
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 31
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 31
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 31
Item 5. | Other Information | 31
Item 6. | Exhibits | 32
| Signatures | 33

PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
MITEK SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(amounts in thousands except share data)

| June 30, 2018 (Unaudited) |  | September 30, 2017
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 8,634 |  |  | $ | 12,289 |
Short-term investments | 9,377 |  |  | 30,279 |
Accounts receivable, net | 12,124 |  |  | 7,099 |
Other current assets | 4,562 |  |  | 1,209 |
Total current assets | 34,697 |  |  | 50,876 |
Long-term investments | — |  |  | 3,780 |
Property and equipment, net | 3,847 |  |  | 613 |
Intangible assets, net | 34,948 |  |  | 2,297 |
Goodwill | 34,049 |  |  | 3,014 |
Deferred income tax assets | 14,903 |  |  | 11,065 |
Other non-current assets | 1,679 |  |  | 74 |
Total assets | $ | 124,123 |  |  | $ | 71,719 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 3,853 |  |  | $ | 1,918 |
Accrued payroll and related taxes | 6,614 |  |  | 3,709 |
Deferred revenue, current portion | 4,924 |  |  | 3,305 |
Other current liabilities | 4,047 |  |  | 602 |
Total current liabilities | 19,438 |  |  | 9,534 |
Deferred revenue, non-current portion | 246 |  |  | 85 |
Deferred income tax liabilities | 8,234 |  |  | — |
Other non-current liabilities | 1,981 |  |  | 692 |
Total liabilities | 29,899 |  |  | 10,311 |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 60,000,000 shares authorized, 37,796,705 and 33,724,392 issued and outstanding, as of June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively | 38 |  |  | 34 |
Additional paid-in capital | 113,292 |  |  | 78,677 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (231 | ) |  | 147 |
Accumulated deficit | (18,875 | ) |  | (17,450 | )
Total stockholders’ equity | 94,224 |  |  | 61,408 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 124,123 |  |  | $ | 71,719 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
1

MITEK SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Unaudited)
(amounts in thousands except per share data)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Nine Months Ended June 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Software and hardware | $ | 10,458 |  |  | $ | 7,464 |  |  | $ | 26,437 |  |  | $ | 21,244 |
SaaS, maintenance, and consulting | 5,651 |  |  | 4,334 |  |  | 16,085 |  |  | 11,242 |
Total revenue | 16,109 |  |  | 11,798 |  |  | 42,522 |  |  | 32,486 |
Operating costs and expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of revenue—software and hardware | 1,023 |  |  | 404 |  |  | 2,227 |  |  | 772 |
Cost of revenue—SaaS, maintenance, and consulting | 1,655 |  |  | 778 |  |  | 3,785 |  |  | 2,131 |
Selling and marketing | 5,740 |  |  | 3,487 |  |  | 15,863 |  |  | 11,029 |
Research and development | 4,161 |  |  | 2,652 |  |  | 10,942 |  |  | 7,504 |
General and administrative | 3,239 |  |  | 3,363 |  |  | 10,529 |  |  | 8,348 |
Acquisition-related costs and expenses | 3,154 |  |  | 630 |  |  | 5,616 |  |  | 1,666 |
Total operating costs and expenses | 18,972 |  |  | 11,314 |  |  | 48,962 |  |  | 31,450 |
Operating income (loss) | (2,863 | ) |  | 484 |  |  | (6,440 | ) |  | 1,036 |
Other income (expense), net | (1,351 | ) |  | 149 |  |  | (957 | ) |  | 281 |
Income (loss) before income taxes | (4,214 | ) |  | 633 |  |  | (7,397 | ) |  | 1,317 |
Income tax benefit (provision) | 1,430 |  |  | (17 | ) |  | (2,283 | ) |  | (91 | )
Net income (loss) | $ | (2,784 | ) |  | $ | 616 |  |  | $ | (9,680 | ) |  | $ | 1,226 |
Net income (loss) per share—basic | $ | (0.08 | ) |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | $ | (0.28 | ) |  | $ | 0.04 |
Net income (loss) per share—diluted | $ | (0.08 | ) |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | $ | (0.28 | ) |  | $ | 0.03 |
Shares used in calculating net income (loss) per share—basic | 36,190 |  |  | 33,024 |  |  | 35,122 |  |  | 32,732 |
Shares used in calculating net income (loss) per share—diluted | 36,190 |  |  | 35,610 |  |  | 35,122 |  |  | 35,033 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | (2,784 | ) |  | $ | 616 |  |  | $ | (9,680 | ) |  | $ | 1,226 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | (942 | ) |  | 318 |  |  | (350 | ) |  | 22 |
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments | 43 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | (28 | ) |  | (23 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (3,683 | ) |  | $ | 929 |  |  | $ | (10,058 | ) |  | $ | 1,225 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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MITEK SYSTEMS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(amounts in thousands)

| Nine Months Ended June 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | (9,680 | ) |  | $ | 1,226 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Stock-based compensation expense | 5,927 |  |  | 3,945 |
Amortization of closing and earnout shares | 355 |  |  | 1,232 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 2,215 |  |  | 434 |
Depreciation and amortization | 316 |  |  | 267 |
Amortization of investment premiums and other | (23 | ) |  | 31 |
Deferred taxes | 3,541 |  |  | — |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable | (267 | ) |  | (1,436 | )
Other assets | (1,838 | ) |  | 138 |
Accounts payable | 596 |  |  | 507 |
Accrued payroll and related taxes | 746 |  |  | 92 |
Deferred revenue | 1,565 |  |  | 389 |
Other liabilities | 670 |  |  | 366 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 4,123 |  |  | 7,191 |
Investing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of investments | (15,391 | ) |  | (28,156 | )
Sales and maturities of investments | 40,069 |  |  | 21,300 |
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (29,744 | ) |  | — |
Purchases of property and equipment | (3,176 | ) |  | (360 | )
Net cash used in investing activities | (8,242 | ) |  | (7,216 | )
Financing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from exercise of stock options, net | 495 |  |  | 381 |
Net cash provided by financing activities | 495 |  |  | 381 |
Foreign currency effect on cash and cash equivalents | (31 | ) |  | (67 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | (3,655 | ) |  | 289 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 12,289 |  |  | 9,010 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 8,634 |  |  | $ | 9,299 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for income taxes | $ | 128 |  |  | $ | 105 |
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding loss on available-for-sale investments | $ | (28 | ) |  | $ | (23 | )

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. .. ..
3

MITEK SYSTEMS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Nature of Operations
Mitek Systems, Inc. (“Mitek” or the “Company”) is a leading innovator of mobile capture and digital identity verification solutions. Mitek is a software development company with expertise in artificial intelligence and machine learning. As of June 30, 2018, over 6,100 financial services organizations have signed agreements to deploy Mobile Deposit®. These include all of the top ten, and nearly all of the top 50 U.S. retail banks. The Company’s solutions are embedded in native mobile apps and mobile optimized websites to facilitate better mobile user experiences and compliant transactions.
Mitek’s Mobile Deposit® solution is used today by millions of consumers in the U.S. and Canada for mobile check deposit. Following the success of Mobile Deposit®, Mitek introduced a multi-check capture solution that enables businesses to deposit multiple checks in one batch using a mobile device. As of June 30, 2018, the Company has been granted 47 patents and it has an additional 20 patent applications pending.
Mitek is also applying its artificial intelligence and machine learning science to digital identity verification globally. Mitek’s Mobile Verify™ is empowering the digital transformation of companies by enabling them to identify with whom they are conducting business. To be in compliance with many governmental Know Your Customer and Anti-Money-Laundering regulatory requirements around the globe identity verification is mandatory. In addition to regulated markets, digital identity verification is also becoming an imperative in the new trust-based sharing economy.
The Company’s identity verification solutions are for use with digital/mobile onboarding, trust establishment, and to facilitate money movement. Today, the financial services verticals (banks, credit unions, lenders, payments processors, card issuers, insurers, etc.) represent the most usage of our solutions, but we are also seeing growing adoption by telecommunications, healthcare, travel, retail, sharing economy, and online marketplaces.
In May 2018 (as more fully described below) Mitek acquired A2iA Group II, S.A.S. (“A2iA”), a global leader in artificial intelligence and image analysis solutions. This acquisition extends Mitek’s global leadership position in both mobile check deposit and digital identity verification and combines the two market leaders in document recognition and processing.
In October 2017 (as more fully described below) Mitek acquired ICAR Vision Systems, S.L. (“ICAR”), a leading provider of consumer identity verification solutions in Spain and Latin America. This acquisition expands Mitek’s digital identity verification capabilities with several new factors of authentication and further enhances Mitek’s desktop capture capabilities, which will enable customer on-boarding and authentication using computers in addition to mobile devices.
The Company markets and sells its products and services worldwide through internal, direct sales teams located in the U.S., Europe, and Latin America, as well as through channel partners. The partner sales strategy includes channel partners who are financial services technology providers and identity verification providers. These partners integrate Mitek’s products into their solutions to meet the needs of their customers.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company as of June 30, 2018 have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X and, accordingly, they do not include all information and footnote disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”). The Company believes the footnotes and other disclosures made in the financial statements are adequate for a fair presentation of the results of the interim periods presented. The financial statements include all adjustments (solely of a normal recurring nature) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to make the information presented not misleading. You should read these financial statements and the accompanying notes in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on November 30, 2017.
Results for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of results for any other interim period or for a full fiscal year.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
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Foreign Currency
The Company has foreign subsidiaries that operate and sell products and services in various countries and jurisdictions around the world. As a result, the Company is exposed to foreign currency exchange risks. For those subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar, assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars equivalents at the exchange rate in effect on the balance sheet date and revenues and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars using the average exchange rate over the period. Resulting currency translation adjustments are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company recorded a net loss resulting from foreign exchange translation of $0.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and a net gain resulting from foreign exchange translation of $0.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017. The Company recorded a net loss resulting from foreign exchange translation of $0.4 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2018 and a net gain resulting from foreign exchange translation of $22,000 for the nine months ended June 30, 2017.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses, deferred taxes, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, management reviews its estimates based upon currently available information. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. These estimates include, but are not limited to, assessing the collectability of accounts receivable, estimation of the value of stock-based compensation awards, fair value of assets and liabilities acquired, impairment of goodwill, useful lives of intangible assets, vendor specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of fair value related to revenue recognition, contingent consideration, and income taxes.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue from sales of software licenses sold through direct and indirect channels is recognized upon shipment of the related product, if the requirements of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 985-605, Software Revenue Recognition (“ASC 985-605”) are met, including evidence of an arrangement, delivery, fixed or determinable fee, collectability and VSOE of the fair value of the undelivered element. If the requirements of ASC 985-605 are not met at the date of shipment, revenue is not recognized until such elements are known or resolved. Revenue from customer support services, or maintenance revenue, includes post-contract support and the rights to unspecified upgrades and enhancements. VSOE of fair value for customer support services is determined by reference to the price the customer pays for such element when sold separately; that is, the renewal rate offered to customers. In those instances when objective and reliable evidence of fair value exists for the undelivered items but not for the delivered items, the residual method is used to allocate the arrangement consideration. Under the residual method, the amount of arrangement consideration allocated to the delivered items equals the total arrangement consideration less the aggregate fair value of the undelivered items. Revenue from post-contract customer support is recognized ratably over the term of the contract. Certain customers have agreements that provide for usage fees above fixed minimums. Usage fees above fixed minimums are recognized as revenue when such amounts are reasonably estimable and billable. Revenue from professional services is recognized when such services are delivered. When a software sales arrangement requires professional services related to significant production, modification or customization of software, or when a customer considers professional services essential to the functionality of the software product, revenue is recognized based on predetermined milestone objectives required to complete the project, as those milestone objectives are deemed to be substantive in relation to the work performed. Any expected losses on contracts in progress are recorded in the period in which the losses become probable and reasonably estimable.
The Company provides hosting services that give customers access to software that resides on its servers. The Company’s model typically includes an up-front fee and a periodic commitment from the customer that commences upon completion of the implementation through the remainder of the customer life. The up-front fee is the initial setup fee, or the implementation fee. The periodic commitment includes, but is not limited to, a fixed periodic fee or a transactional fee based on system usage that exceeds committed minimums. If the up-front fee does not have standalone value, revenue is deferred until the date the customer commences use of the Company’s services, at which point the up-front fees are recognized ratably over the life of the customer arrangement. The Company does not view the signing of the contract or the provision of initial setup services as discrete earnings events that have stand-alone value.
As a result of the acquisition of ICAR, the Company also generates revenues from the sale of hardware scanner boxes. Revenue allocated to the delivered hardware and the related essential software is recognized at the time of sale provided the conditions for recognition of revenue have been met. Revenue allocated to post contract support is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the estimated term of the support period.
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Net Income (Loss) Per Share
The Company calculates net income (loss) per share in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 260, Earnings per Share. Basic net income (loss) per share is based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share also gives effect to all potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period, such as restricted stock units (“RSUs”), stock options, and Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) shares, if dilutive. In a period with a net loss position, potentially dilutive securities are not included in the computation of diluted net loss because to do so would be antidilutive, and the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted net loss is the same.
For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the following potentially dilutive common shares were excluded from the calculation of net income (loss) per share, as they would have been antidilutive (amounts in thousands):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Nine Months Ended June 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Stock options | 2,871 |  |  | 582 |  |  | 2,871 |  |  | 587 |
RSUs | 2,476 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 2,476 |  |  | 18 |
ESPP common stock equivalents | 63 |  |  | — |  |  | 63 |  |  | — |
IDchecker closing shares | — |  |  | 32 |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |
IDchecker earnout shares | — |  |  | 47 |  |  | — |  |  | 47 |
Total potentially dilutive common shares outstanding | 5,410 |  |  | 715 |  |  | 5,410 |  |  | 689 |

The calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share is as follows (amounts in thousands, except per share data):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Nine Months Ended June 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Net income (loss) | $ | (2,784 | ) |  | $ | 616 |  |  | $ | (9,680 | ) |  | $ | 1,226 |
Weighted-average shares outstanding—basic | 36,190 |  |  | 33,024 |  |  | 35,122 |  |  | 32,732 |
Common stock equivalents | — |  |  | 2,586 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,301 |
Weighted-average shares outstanding—diluted | 36,190 |  |  | 35,610 |  |  | 35,122 |  |  | 35,033 |
Net income (loss) per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | (0.08 | ) |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | $ | (0.28 | ) |  | $ | 0.04 |
Diluted | $ | (0.08 | ) |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | $ | (0.28 | ) |  | $ | 0.03 |

Investments
Investments consist of corporate notes and bonds, commercial paper, and U.S. Treasury securities. The Company classifies investments as available-for-sale at the time of purchase and reevaluates such classification as of each balance sheet date. All investments are recorded at estimated fair value. Unrealized gains and losses for available-for-sale securities are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of stockholders’ equity. The Company evaluates its investments to assess whether those with unrealized loss positions are other-than-temporarily impaired. Impairments are considered to be other-than-temporary if they are related to deterioration in credit risk or if it is likely that the Company will sell the securities before the recovery of its cost basis. Realized gains and losses and declines in value judged to be other-than-temporary are determined based on the specific identification method and are reported in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income (loss). No other-than-temporary impairment charges were recognized in the three and nine months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.
All investments whose maturity or sale is expected within one year are classified as “current” on the consolidated balance sheets. All other securities are classified as “long-term” on the consolidated balance sheets.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Trade accounts receivable are recorded at the net invoice value and are not interest bearing. The Company considers receivables past due based on the contractual payment terms. Allowances for doubtful accounts are established based on various factors, including credit profiles of the Company’s customers, contractual terms and conditions, historical payments, and current economic trends. The Company reviews its allowances by assessing individual accounts receivable over a specific aging and amount. Accounts receivable are written off on a case-by-case basis, net of any amounts that may be collected. The
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Company had no write-offs of the allowance for doubtful accounts for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017. The Company maintained an allowance for doubtful accounts of $234,000 and $31,000 as of June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively.
Capitalized Software Development Costs
Costs incurred for the development of software that will be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed are capitalized when technological feasibility has been established. Software development costs consist primarily of compensation of development personnel and related overhead incurred to develop new products and upgrade and enhance the Company’s current products, as well as fees paid to outside consultants. Capitalization of software development costs ceases, and amortization of capitalized software development costs commences when the products are available for general release. For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, no software development costs were capitalized because the time period and costs incurred between technological feasibility and general release for all software product releases were not material or were not realizable. We had no amortization expense from capitalized software costs during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.
Costs related to software acquired, developed, or modified solely to meet our internal requirements, with no substantive plans to market such software at the time of development, are capitalized. Costs incurred during the preliminary planning and evaluation stage of the project and during post implementation operational stage are expensed as incurred. Costs incurred during the application development stage of the project are capitalized. The Company defines the design, configuration, and coding process as the application development stage. The Company capitalized $0.6 million of costs related to computer software developed for internal use during the nine months ended June 30, 2018, which are recorded in property and equipment in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company did not capitalize any costs related to computer software developed for internal use during the nine months ended June 30, 2017. The Company had no amortization expense from internal use software during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.
Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Assets
The Company’s goodwill and intangible assets resulted from prior acquisitions. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but are tested for impairment at least annually or as circumstances indicate that their value may no longer be recoverable. In accordance with ASC Topic 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (“ASC 350”), the Company reviews its goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment at least annually in its fiscal fourth quarter and more frequently if events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate a potential reduction in the fair value of its reporting unit and/or its indefinite-lived intangible asset below their respective carrying values. Examples of such events or circumstances include: a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate, a significant decline in the Company’s stock price, a significant decline in the Company’s projected revenue or cash flows, an adverse action or assessment by a regulator, unanticipated competition, a loss of key personnel, or the presence of other indicators that would indicate a reduction in the fair value of a reporting unit. No such events or circumstances have occurred since the last impairment assessment was performed.
The Company’s goodwill is considered to be impaired if management determines that the carrying value of the reporting unit to which the goodwill has been assigned exceeds management’s estimate of its fair value. Based on the guidance provided by ASC 350 and ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting (“ASC 280”), management has determined that the Company operates in one segment and consists of one reporting unit given the similarities in economic characteristics between its operations and the common nature of its products, services and customers. Because the Company has only one reporting unit, and because the Company is publicly traded, the Company determines the fair value of the reporting unit based on its market capitalization as it believes this represents the best evidence of fair value. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2017, management completed its annual goodwill impairment test and concluded that the Company’s goodwill was not impaired. The Company’s conclusion that goodwill was not impaired was based on a comparison of its net assets to its market capitalization.
Because the Company determines the fair value of its reporting unit based on its market capitalization, the Company’s future reviews of goodwill for impairment may be impacted by changes in the price of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Common Stock”). For example, a significant decline in the price of the Company’s Common Stock may cause the fair value of its goodwill to fall below its carrying value. Therefore, the Company cannot assure that when it completes its future reviews of goodwill for impairment a material impairment charge will not be recorded.
Intangible assets are amortized over their useful lives. Each period, the Company evaluates the estimated remaining useful life of its intangible assets and whether events or changes in circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining period of amortization. The carrying amounts of these assets are periodically reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is measured by comparing the carrying amount of each asset to the future undiscounted cash flows the asset is expected to
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generate. The carrying amount of such assets is reduced to fair value if the undiscounted cash flows used in the test for recoverability are less than the carrying amount of such assets.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). Deferred tax assets and liabilities arise from temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years.
Management evaluates the available evidence about future taxable income and other possible sources of realization of deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance reduces deferred tax assets to an amount that represents management’s best estimate of the amount of such deferred tax assets that more likely than not will be realized. See Note 6 of the consolidated financial statements for additional details.
The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the tax authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit is measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. See Note 6 of the consolidated financial statements for additional details.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company issues restricted stock units (“RSUs”), stock options, and Senior Executive Long Term Incentive Restricted Stock Units (“Senior Executive Performance RSUs”) as awards to its employees. Additionally, eligible employees may participate in the Company’s ESPP. Employee stock awards are measured at fair value on the date of grant and expense is recognized using the straight-line single-option method in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). Forfeitures are recorded as they occur.
The Company assigns fair value to RSUs based on the closing stock price on the date of grant.
The Company estimates the fair value of stock options and ESPP shares using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires subjective assumptions, including future stock price volatility and expected time to exercise, which greatly affect the calculated values. The expected term of options granted is derived from historical data on employee exercises and post-vesting employment termination behavior. The risk-free rate selected to value any particular grant is based on the U.S. Treasury rate that corresponds to the expected life of the grant effective as of the date of the grant. The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock price. These factors could change in the future, affecting the determination of stock-based compensation expense in future periods.
The Company estimates the fair value of Senior Executive Performance RSUs and similar awards using the Monte-Carlo simulation. The Monte-Carlo simulation requires subjective assumptions, including the Company’s valuation date stock price, the annual risk-free interest rate, expected volatility, the probability of reaching the performance targets, and a 20-trading-day average stock price.
Guarantees
In the ordinary course of business, the Company is not subject to potential obligations under guarantees that fall within the scope of FASB ASC Topic 460, Guarantees (“ASC 460”), except for standard indemnification and warranty provisions that are contained within many of the Company’s customer license and service agreements and certain supplier agreements, and give rise only to the disclosure requirements prescribed by ASC 460. Indemnification and warranty provisions contained within the Company’s customer license and service agreements and certain supplier agreements are generally consistent with those prevalent in the Company’s industry. The Company has not historically incurred significant obligations under customer indemnification or warranty provisions and does not expect to incur significant obligations in the future. Accordingly, the Company does not maintain accruals for potential customer indemnification or warranty-related obligations.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income (loss), unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, and foreign currency translation adjustments. Included on the consolidated balance sheets is accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) of $(0.2) million and $0.1 million at June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718) (“ASU 2016-09”) which simplified certain aspects of the accounting for share-based payment
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transactions, including income taxes, classification of awards and classification in the statement of cash flows. The new standard requires excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies to be recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income (loss) as a component of the provision for income taxes when stock awards vest or are settled. In addition, it eliminates the requirement to reclassify cash flows related to excess tax benefits from operating activities to financing activities on the consolidated statements of cash flows. The standard also provides an accounting policy election to account for forfeitures as they occur and clarifies that all cash payments made to tax authorities on an employee’s behalf for withheld shares should be presented as a financing activity on the cash flows statement.
The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 prospectively as of October 1, 2017, resulting in net cumulative-effect adjustment of $8.3 million increase to retained earnings, primarily related to the recognition of the previously unrecognized excess tax benefits using the modified retrospective method. The previously unrecognized excess tax effects were recorded as an increase to deferred income taxes in the consolidated balance sheets.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“ASU 2018-02”). Under previously existing GAAP, the effects of changes in tax rates and laws on deferred tax balances are recorded as a component of income tax expense in the period in which the law was enacted. When deferred tax balances related to items originally recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income are adjusted, certain tax effects become stranded in accumulated other comprehensive income. The amendments in ASU 2018-02 allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”). The amendments in this ASU also require certain disclosures about stranded tax effects. The guidance is required for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 (our fiscal year 2020), and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption in any period is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that ASU No. 2018-02 will have on its financial statements and related disclosures. See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on the effects of the Tax Act on our financial position and result of operations, including provisional transitional adjustments that were recorded in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 related to the Tax Act.
In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting (“ASU 2017-09”), which provides guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in Topic 718. ASU 2017-09 requires entities to account for the effects of a modification unless the fair value, vesting conditions, and classification of the modified award are all the same as the original award immediately before the original award is modified. ASU 2017-09 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-09 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”), which eliminates Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test that had required a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Rather, entities should apply the same impairment assessment to all reporting units and recognize an impairment loss for the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, without exceeding the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Entities will continue to have the option to perform a qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. ASU 2017-04 will be effective prospectively for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-04 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business (“ASU 2017-01”), which clarifies the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance and providing a more robust framework to assist reporting organizations with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. For public entities, ASU 2017-01 is effective prospectively for fiscal years, including interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted for transactions occurring before the issuance or effective date of the standard for which financial statements have not yet been issued. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-01 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-16, Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory (Topic 740) (“ASU 2016-16”), which requires entities to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. ASU 2016-16 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ASU 2016-16 will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”), which requires entities to use a Current Expected Credit Loss model
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which is a new impairment model based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under this model, an entity would recognize an impairment allowance equal to its current estimate of all contractual cash flows that the entity does not expect to collect from financial assets measured at amortized cost. The entity’s estimate would consider relevant information about past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. ASU 2016-13 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2019 with early adoption permitted for annual reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ASU 2016-13 will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”), which modified lease accounting for both lessees and lessors to increase transparency and comparability by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous accounting standards and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 will be effective for the Company beginning in its first quarter of fiscal 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the timing of its adoption and the impact of adopting the new lease standard on its consolidated financial statements.
In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance codified in FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue Recognition – Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC Topic 606”), which amends the guidance in former ASC 605, Revenue Recognition. The Company has performed a review of the requirements of the new revenue standard and related ASUs and is monitoring the activity of the FASB and the transition resource group as it relates to specific interpretive guidance. The Company is reviewing customer contracts and is in the process of applying the new revenue standard to its key identified revenue streams included within either software revenue or Software as a Service (“SaaS”), maintenance, and consulting revenue and is comparing the results to its current accounting practices. This accounting standard update will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. Entities have the option of adopting this new guidance using either a full retrospective or a modified approach with the cumulative effect of applying the guidance recognized at the date of initial application. The Company currently plans to adopt this accounting standard update using the modified retrospective approach, which will result in a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of October 1, 2018. Under this method, the Company would not restate the prior consolidated financial statements presented. However, the Company will be required to provide additional disclosures in fiscal 2019 related to the amount by which each relevant fiscal 2019 financial statement line item is affected by adoption of the new standard, and an explanation of the reasons for significant changes.
The Company is continuing to assess the impact of adopting ASC Topic 606 on the consolidated financial statements and believes the new standard will impact the following policies and disclosures:

• | Timing of revenue recognition of license revenue on term licenses and transactional revenue on guaranteed minimum fees related to on-premises software products. Under the new standard, the Company expects to recognize revenue when control of the license is transferred to the customer, rather than at the date payments become due and payable or ratably over the term of the contract required under the current standard; and

• | Accounting for commissions under the new standard will result in the deferral of incremental commission costs for obtaining contracts.

The Company does not currently expect ASC Topic 606 to have a significant effect on the timing of revenue recognition for hardware or SaaS, maintenance, and consulting revenue.
No other new accounting pronouncement issued or effective during the three months ended June 30, 2018 had, or is expected to have, a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
2. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
A2iA Group II, S.A.S.
On May 23, 2018, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of A2iA, a simplified joint stock company formed under the laws of France, pursuant to a share purchase agreement, by and among the Company, each of the holders of outstanding shares of A2iA and Andera Partners, S.C.A., as representative of the sellers (the “A2iA Acquisition”). Upon completion of the A2iA Acquisition, A2iA became a direct wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. The A2iA Acquisition extends Mitek’s global leadership position in both mobile check deposit and digital identity verification and combines the two market leaders in document recognition and processing.
As consideration for the A2iA Acquisition, the Company (i) made a cash payment of $26.8 million, net of cash acquired; (ii) issued 2,514,588 shares, or $21.9 million, of the Company’s Common Stock; and (iii) incurred transaction related liabilities of $0.2 million.
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The Company incurred $2.0 million of expense in connection with the A2iA Acquisition primarily related to legal fees, outside service costs, and travel expense, which are included in acquisition-related costs and expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income (loss).
On May 23, 2018, the Company deposited $0.7 million of the cash payment and 508,479 shares, or $4.4 million, of Common Stock into an escrow fund to serve as collateral and partial security for certain indemnification rights of the Company. The escrow fund will be maintained for up to 24 months following the completion of the A2iA Acquisition or until such earlier time as the escrow fund is exhausted.
The Company used cash on hand for the cash paid on May 23, 2018.
ICAR Vision Systems, S.L.
On October 16, 2017, Mitek Holding B.V., a company incorporated under the laws of The Netherlands and a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“Mitek Holding B.V.”), acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of ICAR, a company incorporated under the laws of Spain (the “ICAR Acquisition”), and each of its subsidiaries, pursuant to a Share Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”), by and among, the Company, Mitek Holding B.V., and each of the shareholders of ICAR (the “Sellers”). Upon completion of the ICAR Acquisition, ICAR became a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Mitek Holding B.V. and an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. ICAR is a leading provider of consumer identity verification solutions in Spain and Latin America. The ICAR Acquisition strengthens the Company’s position as a global digital identity verification powerhouse in the Consumer Identity and Access Management solutions market.
As consideration for the ICAR Acquisition, the Company: (i) made a cash payment to Sellers of $3.0 million, net of cash acquired and subject to adjustments for transaction expenses, escrow amounts, indebtedness, and working capital adjustments; and (ii) issued to Sellers of 584,291 shares, or $5.6 million, of Common Stock. In addition to the foregoing, the Sellers may be entitled to additional cash consideration upon achievement of certain milestones as follows: (a) subject to achievement of the revenue target for the fourth quarter of calendar 2017, the Company will pay to Sellers up to $1.5 million (the “Q4 Consideration”), which amount shall be deposited (as additional funds) into the escrow fund described below; and (b) subject to achievement of certain revenue and net income targets for ICAR for the twelve-month period ending on September 30, 2018, and the twelve-month period ending on September 30, 2019, the Company will pay to Sellers up to $3.8 million in additional cash consideration (the “Earnout Consideration”); provided that if the revenue target set forth in clause (a) is not met, then the Q4 Consideration will instead be added to the Earnout Consideration payable upon (and subject to) achievement of the revenue and net income targets for the twelve-month period ending on September 30, 2018. The Company estimated the fair value of the total Q4 Consideration and Earnout Consideration to be $2.9 million on October 16, 2017, which was determined using a discounted cash flow methodology based on financial forecasts determined by management that included assumptions about revenue growth and discount rates. Each quarter the Company revises the estimated fair value of the Earnout Consideration. Accordingly, an additional $0.3 million and $1.0 million of expense was recognized in acquisition-related costs and expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income (loss) during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2018, respectively.
The Company incurred $0.5 million of expense in connection with the ICAR Acquisition primarily related to legal fees, outside service costs, and travel expense, which are included in acquisition-related costs and expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income (loss).
On October 16, 2017, the Company deposited $1.5 million of cash into an escrow fund to serve as collateral and partial security for working capital adjustments and certain indemnification rights. In April 2018, the Q4 Consideration of $1.5 million was deposited into the escrow fund. The escrow fund will be maintained for up to 24 months following the completion of the ICAR Acquisition or until such earlier time as the escrow fund is exhausted.
The Company used cash on hand for cash paid on October 16, 2017, and under the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the Company has agreed to guarantee the obligations of Mitek Holding B.V. thereunder.
Acquisitions are accounted for using the purchase method of accounting in accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. Accordingly, the results of operations of A2iA and ICAR have been included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements since the date of each acquisition. The purchase price for both the A2iA Acquisition and the ICAR Acquisition have been allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon the respective estimates of fair value as of the date of each acquisition, which remain preliminary as of June 30, 2018, and are based on assumptions that the Company’s management believes are reasonable given the information currently available. The Company is in the process of completing its valuation of certain intangible assets and the valuation of the acquired deferred income taxes. The final allocations of each such purchase price to intangible assets and deferred income taxes may differ materially from the information presented in these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
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The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed during the nine months ended June 30, 2018 (amounts shown in thousands):

| A2iA |  | ICAR |  | Total
Current assets | $ | 4,637 |  |  | $ | 2,036 |  |  | $ | 6,673 |
Property, plant, and equipment | 307 |  |  | 83 |  |  | 390 |
Intangible assets | 28,610 |  |  | 6,407 |  |  | 35,017 |
Goodwill | 24,383 |  |  | 6,852 |  |  | 31,235 |
Other non-current assets | 1,136 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 1,223 |
Current liabilities | (2,747 | ) |  | (1,568 | ) |  | (4,315 | )
Deferred income tax liabilities | (7,491 | ) |  | (1,602 | ) |  | (9,093 | )
Other non-current liabilities | (19 | ) |  | (828 | ) |  | (847 | )
Net assets acquired | $ | 48,816 |  |  | $ | 11,467 |  |  | $ | 60,283 |

The goodwill recognized is due to expected synergies and other factors and is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. The Company estimated the fair value of identifiable acquisition-related intangible assets with definite lives primarily based on discounted cash flow projections that will arise from these assets. The Company exercised significant judgment with regard to assumptions used in the determination of fair value such as with respect to discount rates and the determination of the estimated useful lives of the intangible assets. The following table summarizes the estimated fair values and estimated useful lives of intangible assets with definite lives acquired during the nine months ended June 30, 2018 (amounts shown in thousands, except for years):

| Amortization Period |  | Amount assigned
A2iA |  |  |
Completed technologies | 7.0 years |  | $ | 13,015 |
Customer relationships | 5.0 years |  | 15,360 |
Trade names | 5.0 years |  | 235 |
Total intangible assets acquired from A2iA |  |  | $ | 28,610 |
ICAR |  |  |
Completed technologies | 5.0 years |  | $ | 4,956 |
Customer relationships | 2.0 years |  | 1,298 |
Trade names | 3.0 years |  | 153 |
Total intangible assets acquired from ICAR |  |  | $ | 6,407 |

The following unaudited pro forma financial information is presented as if the acquisitions had taken place at the beginning of the periods presented and should not be taken as representative of the Company’s future consolidated results of operations. The following unaudited pro forma information includes adjustments for the amortization expense related to the identified intangible assets.
The following table summarizes the Company’s unaudited pro forma financial information is presented as if the acquisitions occurred on October 1, 2016 (amounts shown in thousands):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Nine Months Ended June 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Pro forma revenue | $ | 18,553 |  |  | $ | 14,986 |  |  | $ | 55,528 |  |  | $ | 43,520 |
Pro forma net loss | $ | (3,798 | ) |  | $ | (1,774 | ) |  | $ | (10,859 | ) |  | $ | (4,352 | )

For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2018, $2.1 million and $4.6 million of revenue, respectively, and $2.7 million and $3.7 million of net loss, respectively, related to the A2iA and ICAR businesses since the respective acquisition dates are included in the Company's unaudited consolidated statements of operations.
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3. INVESTMENTS
The following tables summarize investments by type of security as of June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively (amounts shown in thousands):

June 30, 2018: | Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Market Value
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury, short-term | $ | 3,688 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (15 | ) |  | $ | 3,673 |
Corporate debt securities, short-term | 5,731 |  |  | — |  |  | (27 | ) |  | 5,704 |
Total | $ | 9,419 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (42 | ) |  | $ | 9,377 |

September 30, 2017: | Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Market Value
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury, short-term | $ | 3,897 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | 3,894 |
Corporate debt securities, short-term | 26,393 |  |  | — |  |  | (8 | ) |  | 26,385 |
Corporate debt securities, long-term | 3,785 |  |  | — |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 3,780 |
Total | $ | 34,075 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (16 | ) |  | $ | 34,059 |

The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Amortization of premiums, accretion of discounts, interest, dividend income and realized gains and losses are included in investment income.
The Company determines the appropriate designation of investments at the time of purchase and reevaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date. All of the Company’s investments are designated as available-for-sale debt securities. As of June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, the Company’s short-term investments have maturity dates of less than one year from the balance sheet date and the Company’s long-term investments have maturity dates of greater than one year from the balance sheet date.
Available-for-sale marketable securities are carried at fair value as determined by quoted market prices for identical or similar assets, with unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, and reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Management reviews the fair value of the portfolio at least monthly and evaluates individual securities with fair value below amortized cost at the balance sheet date. For debt securities, in order to determine whether impairment is other-than-temporary, management must conclude whether the Company intends to sell the impaired security and whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovering its amortized cost basis. If management intends to sell an impaired debt security or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security prior to recovering its amortized cost basis, an other-than-temporary impairment is deemed to have occurred. The amount of an other-than-temporary impairment on debt securities related to a credit loss, or securities that management intends to sell before recovery, is recognized in earnings. The amount of an other-than-temporary impairment on debt securities related to other factors is recorded consistent with changes in the fair value of all other available-for-sale securities as a component of stockholders’ equity in other comprehensive income. No other-than-temporary impairment charges were recognized in the three and nine months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017. The Company recorded net realized losses from the sale of available-for-sale securities of $26,000 and $49,000 in the three and nine months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. There were no realized gains or losses from the sale of available-for-sale securities during the nine months ended June 30, 2017.
Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures
FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements (“ASC 820”) defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value under GAAP and enhances disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is defined under ASC 820 as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value under ASC 820 must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. ASC 820 describes a fair value hierarchy based on the following three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value, of which the first two are considered observable and the last, unobservable:

• | Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

• | Level 2—Inputs other than Level 1 inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; and

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• | Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The following tables represent the fair value hierarchy of the Company’s investments and acquisition-related contingent consideration as of June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively (amounts shown in thousands):

June 30, 2018: | Balance |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Short-term investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury | $ | 3,673 |  |  | $ | 3,673 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Corporate debt securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial | 2,843 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,843 |  |  | — |
Industrial | 2,861 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,861 |  |  | — |
Total assets at fair value | $ | 9,377 |  |  | $ | 3,673 |  |  | $ | 5,704 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition-related contingent consideration | 2,361 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,361 |
Total liabilities at fair value | $ | 2,361 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,361 |

September 30, 2017: | Balance |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Short-term investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury | $ | 3,894 |  |  | $ | 3,894 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Corporate debt securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial | 3,041 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,041 |  |  | — |
Industrial | 9,503 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,503 |  |  | — |
Commercial paper |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial | 10,850 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,850 |  |  | — |
Industrial | 2,991 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,991 |  |  | — |
Total short-term investments at fair value | 30,279 |  |  | 3,894 |  |  | 26,385 |  |  | — |
Long-term investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate debt securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial | 1,858 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,858 |  |  | — |
Industrial | 1,922 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,922 |  |  | — |
Total assets at fair value | $ | 34,059 |  |  | $ | 3,894 |  |  | $ | 30,165 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition-related contingent consideration | 354 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 354 |
Total liabilities at fair value | $ | 354 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 354 |

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As of June 30, 2018, acquisition-related contingent consideration of $1.9 million and $0.5 million is recorded in other current liabilities and non-current liabilities, respectively, in the consolidated balance sheets. The following table includes a summary of the contingent consideration measured at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the nine months ended June 30, 2018 (amounts shown in thousands):

Balance at September 30, 2017 | $ | 354 |
Contingent consideration associated with the ICAR Acquisition | 2,867 |
Expenses recorded due to changes in fair value | 1,397 |
Payment of contingent consideration | (1,489 | )
Issuance of common stock | (710 | )
Foreign currency effect on contingent consideration | (58 | )
Balance at June 30, 2018 | $ | 2,361 |

4. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill
The Company had a goodwill balance of $34.0 million at June 30, 2018, representing the excess of costs over fair value of assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill acquired in a business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life is not amortized, but instead is tested for impairment at least annually in accordance with ASC 350. The following table summarizes changes in the balance of goodwill during the nine months ended June 30, 2018 (amounts shown in thousands):

Balance at September 30, 2017 | $ | 3,014 |
Acquisition of ICAR | 6,852 |
Acquisition of A2iA | 24,383 |
Foreign currency effect on goodwill | (200 | )
Balance at June 30, 2018 | $ | 34,049 |

Intangible assets
Intangible assets include the value assigned to purchased completed technology, customer relationships, and trade names. The estimated useful lives for all of these intangible assets range from two to seven years. Intangible assets as of June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively, are summarized as follows (amounts shown in thousands, except for years):

June 30, 2018: | Weighted Average Amortization Period |  | Cost |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net
Completed technologies | 6.4 years |  | $ | 20,341 |  |  | $ | 2,150 |  |  | $ | 18,191 |
Customer relationships | 4.8 years |  | 17,628 |  |  | 1,309 |  |  | 16,319 |
Trade names | 4.5 years |  | 618 |  |  | 180 |  |  | 438 |
Total intangible assets |  |  | $ | 38,587 |  |  | $ | 3,639 |  |  | $ | 34,948 |

September 30, 2017: | Weighted Average Amortization Period |  | Cost |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net
Completed technologies | 6.0 years |  | $ | 2,370 |  |  | $ | 833 |  |  | $ | 1,537 |
Customer relationships | 6.0 years |  | 970 |  |  | 341 |  |  | 629 |
Trade names | 5.0 years |  | 230 |  |  | 99 |  |  | 131 |
Total intangible assets |  |  | $ | 3,570 |  |  | $ | 1,273 |  |  | $ | 2,297 |

Amortization expense related to acquired intangible assets was $1.1 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $2.2 million and $0.4 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and is recorded within acquisition-related costs and expenses on the consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income (loss).
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The estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets for each of the five succeeding fiscal years is expected to be as follows (amounts shown in thousands):

| Estimated Future Amortization Expense
2018 (remaining three months) | $ | 1,815 |
2019 | 7,260 |
2020 | 6,631 |
2021 | 6,353 |
2022 | 5,942 |
2023 | 3,900 |
Thereafter | 3,047 |
Total | $ | 34,948 |

5. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
The following table summarizes stock-based compensation expense related to RSUs, stock options, and ESPP shares, which was allocated as follows (amounts shown in thousands):

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Nine Months Ended June 30,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Cost of revenue | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 42 |
Selling and marketing | 596 |  |  | 371 |  |  | 1,977 |  |  | 1,113 |
Research and development | 482 |  |  | 275 |  |  | 1,298 |  |  | 717 |
General and administrative | 877 |  |  | 979 |  |  | 2,598 |  |  | 2,073 |
Stock-based compensation expense included in expenses | $ | 1,980 |  |  | $ | 1,637 |  |  | $ | 5,927 |  |  | $ | 3,945 |

The fair value calculations for stock-based compensation awards to employees for the nine months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 were based on the following assumptions:

| Nine Months Ended June 30, 2018 |  | Nine Months Ended June 30, 2017
Risk-free interest rate | 2.04% |  | 1.68% – 1.92%
Expected life (years) | 5.15 |  | 5.32
Expected volatility | 60% |  | 78%
Expected dividends | None |  | None

The expected life of options granted is derived using assumed exercise rates based on historical exercise patterns and vesting terms, and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. Expected stock price volatility is based upon implied volatility and other factors, including historical volatility. After assessing all available information on either historical volatility, or implied volatility, or both, the Company concluded that a combination of both historical and implied volatility provides the best estimate of expected volatility.
As of June 30, 2018, the Company had $16.6 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to outstanding stock options and RSUs expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.3 years.
2012 Incentive Plan
In January 2012, the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) adopted the Mitek Systems, Inc. 2012 Incentive Plan (the “2012 Plan”) upon the recommendation of the compensation committee of the Board. On March 10, 2017, the Company’s stockholders approved the amendment and restatement of the 2012 Plan. The total number of shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance under the 2012 Plan is 9,500,000 shares plus that number of shares of Common Stock that would otherwise return to the available pool of unissued shares reserved for awards under its 1999 Stock Option Plan, 2000 Stock Option Plan, 2002 Stock Option Plan, 2006 Stock Option Plan and 2010 Stock Option Plan (collectively, the “Prior Plans”). As of June 30, 2018, (i) stock options to purchase 1,841,450 shares of Common Stock, 2,032,826 RSUs and 2,042,817 Senior
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Executive Performance RSUs were outstanding under the 2012 Plan, and 1,503,739 shares of Common Stock were reserved for future grants under the 2012 Plan and (ii) stock options to purchase an aggregate of 1,029,566 shares of Common Stock were outstanding under the Prior Plans.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In January 2018, the Board adopted the Mitek Systems, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan. On March 7, 2018, the Company’s stockholders approved the ESPP. The total number of shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance thereunder is 1,000,000 shares. As of June 30, 2018, (i) no shares were outstanding under the ESPP and (ii) 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock were reserved for future purchases under the ESPP. The Company commenced the initial offering period on April 2, 2018.
The ESPP enables eligible employees to purchase shares of Common Stock at a discount from the market price through payroll deductions, subject to limitations. Eligible employees may elect to participate in the ESPP only during an open enrollment period. The offering period immediately follows the open enrollment window, at which time ESPP contributions are withheld from the participant's regular paycheck. The ESPP provides for a 15% discount on the market value of the stock at the lower of the grant date price (first day of the offering period) and the purchase date price (last day of the offering period). The Company recognized $82,000 in stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP in each of the three and nine months ended June 30, 2018.
Director Restricted Stock Unit Plan
In January 2011, the Board adopted the Mitek Systems, Inc. Director Restricted Stock Unit Plan, as amended and restated (the “Director Plan”). On March 10, 2017, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the Director Plan. The total number of shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance thereunder is 1,500,000 shares. As of June 30, 2018, (i) 442,838 RSUs were outstanding under the Director Plan and (ii) 445,733 shares of Common Stock were reserved for future grants under the Director Plan.
Stock Options
The following table summarizes stock option activity under the Company’s equity plans during the nine months ended June 30, 2018:

| Number of Shares |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (in Years)
Outstanding, September 30, 2017 | 2,845,866 |  |  | $ | 4.21 |  |  | 5.4
Granted | 299,397 |  |  | $ | 8.60 |  |  |
Exercised | (186,505 | ) |  | $ | 2.65 |  |  |
Canceled | (87,742 | ) |  | $ | 5.24 |  |  |
Outstanding, June 30, 2018 | 2,871,016 |  |  | $ | 4.73 |  |  | 5.4

The Company recognized $0.3 million and $0.3 million in stock-based compensation expense related to outstanding stock options in the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company recognized $0.9 million and $0.8 million in stock-based compensation expense related to outstanding stock options in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As of June 30, 2018, the Company had $1.5 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to outstanding stock options expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.3 years.
Aggregate intrinsic value represents the value of the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the fiscal period in excess of the weighted-average exercise price, multiplied by the number of options outstanding and exercisable. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the nine months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $1.2 million and $0.6 million, respectively. The per-share weighted-average fair value of options granted during the nine months ended June 30, 2018 was $4.56. The aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, was $12.8 million and $15.6 million, respectively.
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Restricted Stock Units
The following table summarizes RSU activity under the Company’s equity plans during the nine months ended June 30, 2018:

| Number of Shares |  | Weighted-Average Fair Market Value Per Share
Outstanding, September 30, 2017 | 2,357,021 |  |  | $ | 5.65 |
Granted | 1,010,842 |  |  | $ | 8.55 |
Settled | (705,747 | ) |  | $ | 5.08 |
Canceled | (186,452 | ) |  | $ | 7.33 |
Outstanding, June 30, 2018 | 2,475,664 |  |  | $ | 6.84 |

The cost of RSUs is determined using the fair value of Common Stock on the award date, and the compensation expense is recognized ratably over the vesting period. The Company recognized $1.3 million and $1.2 million in stock-based compensation expense related to outstanding RSUs in the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company recognized $3.9 million and $3.0 million in stock-based compensation expense related to outstanding RSUs in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As of June 30, 2018, the Company had $12.5 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to outstanding RSUs expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.5 years.
Senior Executive Performance RSUs
There were 2,042,817 Senior Executive Performance RSUs outstanding as of June 30, 2018. The Company recognized $0.4 million and $0.1 million in stock-based compensation expense related to outstanding Senior Executive Performance RSUs in the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company recognized $1.1 million and $0.1 million in stock-based compensation expense related to outstanding Senior Executive Performance RSUs in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As of June 30, 2018, the Company had $2.6 million of unrecognized compensation expense related to outstanding RSUs expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.1 years.
Closing Shares
On June 17, 2015, the Company completed the acquisition of IDchecker NL B.V., a company incorporated under the laws of The Netherlands (“IDC NL”), and ID Checker, Inc., a California corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of IDC NL (“IDC Inc.” and together with IDC NL, “IDchecker”). In connection with the closing of this acquisition, the Company issued to the Sellers 712,790 shares of Common Stock (the “Closing Shares”). Vesting of these shares was subject to the continued employment of the founders of IDchecker and occurred over a period of 27 months (the “Service Period”) from the date of issuance. The cost of the Closing Shares was determined using the fair value of Common Stock on the award date, and the stock-based compensation is recognized ratably over the vesting period. Stock-based compensation expense related to the Closing Shares is recorded within acquisition-related costs and expenses on the consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income (loss). The Company recognized no stock-based compensation expense related to the Closing Shares in the nine months ended June 30, 2018. The Company recognized $0.3 million and $0.9 million in stock-based compensation expense related to the Closing Shares in the three and nine months ended June 30, 2017, respectively.
Earnout Shares
In connection with the acquisition of IDchecker, the Company issued 137,306 shares of Common Stock (the “Earnout Shares”) to the Sellers for achievement by IDchecker of certain revenue targets for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2015. Additionally, 81,182 Earnout Shares were earned by the Sellers for achievement by IDchecker of certain revenue targets for the twelve-month period ended September 30, 2016. The Company estimated the fair value of the Earnout Shares using the Monte-Carlo simulation (using the Company’s valuation date stock price, the annual risk-free interest rate, expected volatility, the probability of reaching the performance targets and a 10-trading day average stock price). In November 2017, a contingency triggered the immediate vesting of all Earnout Shares, resulting in an acceleration of all stock-based compensation related to the earnout shares. Stock-based compensation expense related to the Earnout Shares is recorded within acquisition-related costs and expenses on the consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive income (loss). The Company recognized $0 and $0.2 million in stock-based compensation expense related to the Earnout Shares for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company recognized $0.4 million and $0.3 million in stock-based compensation expense related to the Earnout Shares for the nine months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
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6. INCOME TAXES
The Company’s tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of the annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items arising in that quarter. In each quarter, management updates the estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and any changes in the annual effective tax rate are recorded in a cumulative adjustment in that quarter. The quarterly tax provision and quarterly estimate of the annual effective tax rate are subject to significant volatility due to several factors, including management’s ability to accurately predict the portion of income (loss) before income taxes in multiple jurisdictions, the tax effects of our stock-based compensation awards, and the effects of acquisitions and the integration of those acquisitions. The annual effective tax rate differs from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to state taxes.
On December 22, 2017, the Tax Act was signed into law and was effective for the Company’s first quarter ending December 31, 2017. For the nine months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recorded an income tax provision of $2.3 million, which yielded an effective tax rate of negative 31%. Included in the tax provision is an expense of $4.4 million, which is related to the enactment of the Tax Act.
As the Company has a fiscal year ending September 30th, it is subject to transitional tax rate rules. Therefore, a blended rate of 24.3% was computed as effective for the current fiscal year. The difference between the U.S. federal statutory tax rate and the Company’s effective tax rate for the nine months ended June 30, 2018 is primarily due to the impact of U.S. tax reform and the impact of certain permanent items on its tax provision.
The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 prospectively as of October 1, 2017, resulting in net cumulative-effect adjustment of $8.3 million increase to retained earnings, primarily related to the recognition of the previously unrecognized excess tax benefits using the modified retrospective method. The previously unrecognized excess tax effects were recorded as an increase to deferred income taxes in the consolidated balance sheets.
7. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Rothschild Mobile Imaging Innovations, Inc.
On May 16, 2014, Rothschild Mobile Imaging Innovations, Inc. (“RMII”) filed a complaint against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware alleging that certain of the Company’s mobile imaging products infringe four RMII-owned patents related to mobile imaging technology. On June 1, 2014, RMII amended its complaint to add JPMorgan Chase & Co. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (together, “Chase”), one of the Company’s customers, as a defendant in the lawsuit (as amended, the “Initial Lawsuit”). On September 8, 2014, RMII filed three additional complaints (the “Subsequent Lawsuits”) against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware. The Subsequent Lawsuits contain allegations substantially similar to the Initial Lawsuit regarding infringement by the Company’s mobile imaging products of the four RMII-owned patents related to mobile imaging technology, but name as co-defendants Citibank, N.A., Citigroup Inc., Wells Fargo & Company, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Bank of America Corporation and Bank of America, N.A., respectively (together with Chase, the “Bank Defendants”). RMII subsequently filed amended complaints (together with the Initial Lawsuit and the Subsequent Lawsuits, the “RMII Lawsuits”) adding as defendants both Fiserv and NCR (the “Distributor Defendants”), each of whom distributes the Company’s mobile imaging technology to one or more of the Bank Defendants. Based on the Company’s understanding of the claims, the Company agreed to accept the demands for indemnity and defense tendered by each of the Bank Defendants and Distributor Defendants in connection with the RMII Lawsuits.
On November 10, 2014, the Company filed a motion to sever and stay the claims against Chase in the Initial Lawsuit pending resolution of RMII’s claims against the Company, which motion was granted on August 3, 2015. On November 19, 2014, the Company filed joinders to the motion to stay with respect to the Subsequent Lawsuits, which joinders were also granted on August 3, 2015. Additionally, the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (“PTAB”) of the Patent and Trademark Office instituted the Company’s petitions for Inter Partes Review (“IPR”) challenging the patentability of all four asserted patents, and the Court agreed to stay the litigation in its entirety until all of the decisions are rendered in the IPR proceedings.
On July 20, 2016, the PTAB entered its final decision in the IPR proceedings. The PTAB ruled that all claims asserted in the litigation in all four RMII patents were unpatentable. On September 16, 2016, the parties filed a joint status report notifying the Court of the PTAB’s decisions in the IPRs. Through that notice, the Company requested that the Court enter a judgment of non-infringement, or, in the alternative, dismiss all of RMII’s claims against all defendants with prejudice. On September 16, 2016, RMII filed a motion to dismiss without prejudice. On September 15, 2017, the Court granted the motion, but dismissed the cases with prejudice. On September 29, 2017, the Company filed a motion for attorneys’ fees and expenses. RMII subsequently filed a response to that motion. On July 27, 2018, the Company’s motion was denied and the cases were closed.
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Other Legal Matters
In addition to the foregoing, the Company is subject to various claims and legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of its business. The Company accrues for such liabilities when it is both (i) probable that a loss has occurred and (ii) the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated in accordance with ASC 450. While any legal proceeding has an element of uncertainty, the Company believes that the disposition of such matters, in the aggregate, will not have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.
Facility Leases
The Company’s principal executive offices, as well as its research and development facility, are located in approximately 28,791 square feet of office space in San Diego, California and the term of the lease for the Company’s offices continues through June 30, 2024. The average annual base rent under this lease is approximately $1.0 million per year. In connection with this lease, the Company received tenant improvement allowances totaling $1.0 million. These lease incentives are being amortized as a reduction of rent expense over the term of the lease. As of June 30, 2018, the unamortized balance of the lease incentives was $0.8 million, of which $0.1 million has been included in other current liabilities and $0.7 million has been included in other non-current liabilities. The offices of A2iA are located in France and New York, New York and the terms of each lease continue through July 31, 2021 and September 30, 2019, respectively, with annual base rent of approximately €0.4 million (or approximately $0.4 million) and approximately $0.3 million per year, respectively. The offices of IDchecker are located in the Netherlands and the term of such lease continues through December 31, 2023 with annual base rent of approximately €0.2 million (or approximately $0.2 million) per year. The Company has a sales office in London, UK. The term of this lease continues through May 31, 2020. The annual base rent under this lease is approximately £63,000 (or approximately $83,000) per year. The Company believes its existing properties are in good condition and are sufficient and suitable for the conduct of its business.
Revolving Credit Facility
On May 3, 2018, the Company and IDChecker, Inc. (together, the “Co-Borrowers”) entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”). Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, the Company arranged for a $10.0 million secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolver”) with a floating per annum interest rate equal to the greater of the Wall Street Journal prime rate, plus 0.25%, or 4.5%. The Co-Borrowers must maintain, at all times when any amounts are outstanding under the Revolver, either (i) minimum unrestricted cash at SVB and unused availability on the Revolver of at least $15.0 million and (ii) Adjusted Quick Ratio of 1.75:1.00. The Revolver has a maturity date of May 3, 2019. There were no borrowings outstanding under the Revolver as of June 30, 2018.
8. REVENUE AND VENDOR CONCENTRATIONS
Revenue Concentration
For the three months ended June 30, 2018, the Company derived revenue of $7.9 million from three customers, with such customers accounting for 26%, 13%, and 10%, respectively, of the Company’s total revenue. For the three months ended June 30, 2017, the Company derived revenue of $5.0 million from two customers, with such customers accounting for 28% and 15%, respectively, of the Company’s total revenue. For the nine months ended June 30, 2018, the Company derived revenue of $10.1 million from one customer, with such customer accounting for 24% of the Company’s total revenue. For the nine months ended June 30, 2017, the Company derived revenue of $11.8 million from two customers, with such customers accounting for 25% and 11%, respectively, of the Company’s total revenue. The corresponding accounts receivable balances of customers from which revenues were in excess of 10% of total revenue were $4.5 million and $3.6 million at June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
The Company’s revenue is derived primarily from sales by the Company to channel partners, including systems integrators and resellers, and end-users of licenses to sell products covered by the Company’s patented technologies. These contractual arrangements do not obligate the Company’s channel partners to order, purchase or distribute any fixed or minimum quantities of the Company’s products. In most cases, the channel partners purchase the license from the Company after they receive an order from an end-user. The channel partners receive orders from various individual end-users; therefore, the sale of a license to a channel partner may represent sales to multiple end-users. End-users can purchase the Company’s products through more than one channel partner.
Revenues can fluctuate based on the timing of license renewals by channel partners. When a channel partner purchases or renews a license, the Company receives a license fee in consideration for the grant of a license to sell the Company’s products and there are no future payment obligations related to such agreement; therefore, the license fee the Company receives with respect to a particular license renewal in one period does not have a correlation with revenue in future periods. During the last several quarters, sales of licenses to one or more channel partners have comprised a significant part of the Company’s
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revenue. This is attributable to the timing of renewals or purchases of licenses and does not represent a dependence on any single channel partner. The Company believes that it is not dependent upon any single channel partner, even those from which revenues were in excess of 10% of the Company’s total revenue in a specific reporting period, and that the loss or termination of the Company’s relationship with any such channel partner would not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s future operations because either the Company or another channel partner could sell the Company’s products to the end-user that had purchased from the channel partner the Company lost.
International sales accounted for approximately 24% and 25% of the Company’s total revenue for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2018, respectively. International sales accounted for approximately 14% of the Company’s total revenue for both the three and nine months ended June 30, 2017.
Vendor Concentration
The Company purchases its integrated software components from multiple third-party software providers at competitive prices. For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company did not make purchases from any one vendor comprising 10% or more of the Company’s total purchases. The Company has entered into contractual relationships with some of its vendors; however, the Company does not believe it is substantially dependent upon nor exposed to any significant concentration risk related to purchases from any of its vendors given the availability of alternative sources for its necessary integrated software components.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Form 10-Q”), contains “forward-looking statements” that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that, if they never materialize or they prove incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially and adversely from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in Part I, Item 2—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Part II, Item 1A—“Risk Factors,” but appear throughout this Form 10-Q. Forward-looking statements may include, but are not limited to, statements relating to our outlook or expectations for earnings, revenues, expenses, asset quality, volatility of our common stock, financial condition or other future financial or business performance, strategies, expectations, or business prospects, or the impact of legal, regulatory or supervisory matters on our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “estimate,” “plan,” “project,” “forecast,” “intend,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “seek,” “target”, “will,” “would,” “could,” “can,” “may”, or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements reflect our judgment based on currently available information and involve a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Part II, Item 1A—“Risk Factors” in this Form 10-Q and in our other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2017, filed with the SEC on November 30, 2017 (the “Form 10-K”). Additionally, there may be other factors that could preclude us from realizing the predictions made in the forward-looking statements. We operate in a continually changing business environment and new factors emerge from time to time. We cannot predict such factors or assess the impact, if any, of such factors on our financial position or results of operations. All forward-looking statements included in this Form 10-Q speak only as of the date of this Form 10-Q and you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or release any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect any events or circumstances after the date of this Form 10-Q or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
In this Form 10-Q, unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms “Mitek,” “the Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Mitek Systems, Inc., a Delaware corporation and its subsidiaries.
Overview
Mitek is a leading innovator of mobile capture and digital identity verification solutions. We are a software development company with expertise in artificial intelligence and machine learning. We are currently serving over 6,100 financial services organizations and leading brands across the globe. Our solutions are embedded in native mobile apps and mobile optimized websites to facilitate better mobile user experiences and compliant transactions.
Mitek’s Mobile Deposit® solution is used today by millions of consumers in the U.S. and Canada for mobile check deposit. Following the success of Mobile Deposit®, Mitek introduced a multi-check capture solution that enables businesses to deposit multiple checks in one batch using a mobile device.
Mitek is also applying our artificial intelligence and machine learning science to digital identity verification globally. Mitek’s Mobile Verify™ is empowering the digital transformation of companies by enabling them to identify with whom they are conducting business. To be in compliance with many governmental Know Your Customer (“KYC”) and Anti-Money-Laundering regulatory requirements around the globe identity verification is mandatory. In addition to regulated markets, digital identity verification is also becoming an imperative in the new trust-based sharing economy.
Our identity verification solutions are for use with digital/mobile onboarding, trust establishment, and to facilitate money movement. Today, the financial services verticals (banks, credit unions, lenders, payments processors, card issuers, insurers, etc.) represent the most use of our solutions, but we are also seeing growing adoption by telecommunications, healthcare, travel, retail, sharing economy, and online marketplaces.
The core of our user experience is Mitek MiSnap™, a touch-free automated capture technology, which can be incorporated across our product line. It provides a simple and superior user experience, making transactions on mobile devices fast and easy for the consumer while helping organizations drive revenue from the increasingly popular mobile channel.
Our Mobile Verify™ products can combine the Mitek MiSnap™ auto capture experience with a variety of advanced computer vision techniques to provide verification of ID documents. These products enable banks and other businesses to improve KYC processes. This is especially valuable to highly regulated industries with a large and growing percentage of transactions conducted remotely via mobile devices. These products also enable trust to be achieved on peer-to-peer and merchant processing networks where identity is an inherent part of the transaction. Mobile Verify™ users include international payments, financial services and information services providers.
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Mobile Fill™, our mobile identity capture solution, enables the camera to serve as a keyboard. Using Mobile Fill™, consumers can quickly pre-fill any form with personal data by simply snapping a picture of their driver license, credit card, or other document. Organizations use Mobile Fill™ to verify identity for service. This can include streamlining the process of opening a customer checking, savings or credit card account, paying a bill, activating a ‘switch and save’ offer, and more. Mitek’s prime customers for Mobile Fill™ include national and regional banks, credits unions, wireless telecom operators and insurance providers. The second generation of our Mobile Fill™ product, Mobile Fill™ for Mobile Web™, enables potential new customers to use their camera as a keyboard right from the organization’s mobile website, eliminating the need to download an application.
Mitek’s Mobile Identity Suite has been developed pursuant to the success of Mobile Deposit®, a category leading product that allows individuals and businesses to remotely deposit checks using their camera-equipped smartphone or tablet. Our Mobile Deposit® solution has now processed over two billion check deposits. We began selling Mobile Deposit® in the second fiscal quarter of 2008 and received our first patent issued for this product in August 2010. Our Commercial Mobile Deposit Capture™ utilizes the same core technology as Mobile Deposit® but is specific to small and medium size businesses. It adds capabilities such as mobile multi-check capture to help businesses reduce or eliminate their need for check scanners and trips to the ATM or bank branch. Many businesses are seeking to lower operating costs through mobile tools that enable them to quickly process payments without a trip to the bank, extra hardware or interchange fees associated with credit cards.
In May 2018 (as more fully described below) Mitek acquired A2iA Group II, S.A.S. (“A2iA”), a global leader in artificial intelligence and image analysis solutions. The A2iA Acquisition (as defined below) extends Mitek’s global leadership position in both mobile check deposit and digital identity verification and combines the two market leaders in document recognition and processing.
In October 2017 (as more fully described below) we acquired ICAR Vision Systems, S.L. (“ICAR”), a leading provider of consumer identity verification solutions in Spain and Latin America. The ICAR Acquisition (as defined below) expands our digital identity verification capabilities with several new factors of authentication and further enhances our desktop capture capabilities, which will enable customer on-boarding and authentication using computers in addition to mobile devices.
We market and sell our products and services worldwide through internal, direct sales teams located in the U.S., Europe, and Latin America as well as through channel partners. Our partner sales strategy includes channel partners who are financial services technology providers and identity verification providers. These partners integrate our products into their solutions to meet the needs of their customers.
Third Quarter Fiscal 2018 Highlights

• | Revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2018 were $16.1 million, an increase of 37% compared to revenues of $11.8 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017.

• | Net loss was $2.8 million, or $0.08 per share, during the three months ended June 30, 2018, compared to net income of $0.6 million, or $0.02 per dilutive share, during the three months ended June 30, 2017.

• | During the third quarter of fiscal 2018 the total number of financial institutions licensing our technology grew to over 6,100. All of the top 10 U.S. retail banks, and nearly all of the top 50 U.S. retail banks, utilize our technology.

• | We added new patents to our portfolio during fiscal 2018 bringing our total number of issued patents to 47 as of June 30, 2018. In addition, we have 20 domestic and international patent applications pending as of June 30, 2018.

Acquisition of A2iA Group II, S.A.S.
On May 23, 2018, Mitek acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of A2iA, a simplified joint stock company formed under the laws of France, pursuant to a share purchase agreement, by and among Mitek, each of the holders of outstanding shares of A2iA and Andera Partners, S.C.A., as representative of the sellers (the “A2iA Acquisition”). Upon completion of the A2iA Acquisition, A2iA became a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Mitek. As consideration for the A2iA Acquisition, we (i) made a cash payment of $26.8 million, net of cash acquired; (ii) issued 2,514,588 shares, or $21.9 million, of Mitek’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Common Stock”); and (iii) incurred liabilities of $0.2 million.
Acquisition of ICAR Vision Systems, S.L.
On October 16, 2017, Mitek Holding B.V., a company incorporated under the laws of The Netherlands and our wholly owned subsidiary (“Mitek Holding B.V.”), acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of ICAR (the “ICAR Acquisition”) and each of its subsidiaries, pursuant to a Share Purchase Agreement (the “ICAR Purchase Agreement”), by and among, Mitek, Mitek Holding B.V., and each of the shareholders of ICAR (the “ICAR Sellers”). Upon completion of the ICAR Acquisition, ICAR became a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Mitek Holding B.V. and our indirect wholly owned subsidiary. Under the
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terms of the ICAR Purchase Agreement, Mitek Holding B.V. agreed to purchase all of the outstanding shares of ICAR for an aggregate purchase price of up to $13.9 million, net of cash acquired. On closing, $3.0 million was paid in cash, net of cash acquired and $5.6 million in shares of Common Stock, or 584,291 shares, were issued to the ICAR Sellers. The ICAR Purchase Agreement also provides for additional payments of up to approximately $5.3 million upon the achievement of certain financial milestones during fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2019.
Market Opportunities, Challenges & Risks
The increase in the acceptance of mobile banking by financial institutions and their customers has helped drive our recent growth in revenue. In the past year, we experienced an increase in the number of financial institutions that have integrated and launched our mobile applications, particularly our Mobile Deposit® product, as part of their offering of mobile banking choices for their customers. We believe that financial institutions see our patented solutions as a way to provide an enhanced customer experience and reduce the cost of sales and service.
To sustain our growth in 2018 and beyond, we believe we must continue to offer imaging technology for mobile applications that address a growing market for mobile banking and mobile imaging solutions sold into other vertical markets. Our entry into the ID capture and verification market has expanded our addressable market and we intend to leverage the success of our mobile check deposit solution at more than 6,100 financial institutions to increase adoption of our ID capture and verification solutions.
Factors adversely affecting the pricing of or demand for our mobile applications, such as competition from other products or technologies, any decline in the demand for mobile applications, or negative publicity or obsolescence of the software environments in which our products operate, could result in lower revenues or gross margins. Further, because most of our revenues are from a single type of technology, our product concentration may make us especially vulnerable to market demand and competition from other technologies, which could reduce our revenues.
Results of Operations
Comparison of the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017
The following table summarizes certain aspects of our results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 (amounts in thousands, except percentages):

| Three Months Ended June 30,
|  |  |  |  | Percentage of Total Revenue |  | Increase (Decrease)
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | $ |  | %
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Software and hardware | $ | 10,458 |  |  | $ | 7,464 |  |  | 65 | % |  | 63 | % |  | 2,994 |  |  | 40 | %
SaaS, maintenance, and consulting | 5,651 |  |  | 4,334 |  |  | 35 | % |  | 37 | % |  | 1,317 |  |  | 30 | %
Total revenue | $ | 16,109 |  |  | $ | 11,798 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 100 | % |  | 4,311 |  |  | 37 | %
Cost of revenue | 2,678 |  |  | 1,182 |  |  | 17 | % |  | 10 | % |  | 1,496 |  |  | 127 | %
Selling and marketing | 5,740 |  |  | 3,487 |  |  | 36 | % |  | 30 | % |  | 2,253 |  |  | 65 | %
Research and development | 4,161 |  |  | 2,652 |  |  | 26 | % |  | 22 | % |  | 1,509 |  |  | 57 | %
General and administrative | 3,239 |  |  | 3,363 |  |  | 20 | % |  | 29 | % |  | (124 | ) |  | (4 | )%
Acquisition-related costs and expenses | 3,154 |  |  | 630 |  |  | 20 | % |  | 5 | % |  | 2,524 |  |  | 401 | %
Other income (expense), net | (1,351 | ) |  | 149 |  |  | (8 | )% |  | 1 | % |  | (1,500 | ) |  | * |
Income tax benefit (provision) | 1,430 |  |  | (17 | ) |  | (9 | )% |  | — | % |  | (1,447 | ) |  | * |

* | Not meaningful.

Revenue
Total revenue increased $4.3 million or 37%, to $16.1 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $11.8 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase is primarily due to an increase in sales of software and hardware of $3.0 million, or 40%, to $10.5 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $7.5 million in the
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three months ended June 30, 2017. In addition, Software as a Service (“SaaS”), maintenance, and consulting revenue increased $1.3 million, or 30%, to $5.7 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $4.3 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in software and hardware revenue primarily relates to increases in sales in our Mobile Deposit® software products as well as additional revenue generated from the sale of ICAR and A2iA products. Services revenue increased primarily due to additional Mobile Verify™ and ICAR SaaS revenue of $0.7 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017, as well as an increase in maintenance associated with an increase in Mobile Deposit® software sales.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue includes personnel costs related to billable services and software support, direct costs associated with our hardware products, hosting costs, and the costs of royalties for third party products embedded in our products. Cost of revenue increased $1.5 million, or 127%, to $2.7 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $1.2 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017. As a percentage of revenue, cost of revenue increased to 17% in the three months ended June 30, 2018 from 10% in the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in cost of revenue is primarily due to an increase in variable personnel and hosting costs associated with a higher volume of Mobile Verify™ transactions processed during the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017, as well as additional costs associated with the sale of ICAR hardware products.
Selling and Marketing Expenses
Selling and marketing expenses include payroll, employee benefits, stock-based compensation, and other headcount-related costs associated with sales, marketing, and product management personnel, non-billable costs of professional services personnel, and advertising, promotions, trade shows, seminars, and other programs. Selling and marketing expenses increased $2.3 million, or 65%, to $5.7 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $3.5 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017. As a percentage of revenue, selling and marketing expenses increased to 36% in the three months ended June 30, 2018 from 30% in the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in selling and marketing expense is primarily due to higher personnel-related costs of $1.4 million, including an increase in share-based compensation expense of $0.2 million, resulting from our increased headcount, as well as additional personnel-related costs associated with the A2iA Acquisition and the ICAR Acquisition in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses include payroll, employee benefits, stock-based compensation, consultant expenses and other headcount-related costs associated with software engineering and mobile capture science. Research and development expenses increased $1.5 million, or 57%, to $4.2 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $2.7 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017. As a percentage of revenue, research and development expenses increased to 26% in the three months ended June 30, 2018 from 22% in the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in research and development expenses is primarily due to higher personnel-related costs of $1.1 million, including an increase in share-based compensation expense of $0.2 million, resulting from increased research and development personnel, as well as additional personnel costs associated with the A2iA Acquisition and the ICAR Acquisition in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses include payroll, employee benefits, stock-based compensation, and other headcount-related costs associated with finance, legal, administration and information technology functions, as well as third party legal and accounting and other administrative costs. General and administrative expenses decreased $0.1 million, or 4%, to $3.2 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $3.4 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017. As a percentage of revenue, general and administrative expenses decreased to 20% in the three months ended June 30, 2018 from 29% in the three months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease in general and administrative expenses is primarily due to Chief Financial Officer transition costs of $0.8 million recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2017, partially offset by higher personnel-related costs of $0.6 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018. The increase in personnel-related costs is due to an increase in the number of employees engaged in general and administrative activities as well as additional personnel costs associated with the A2iA Acquisition and the ICAR Acquisition.
Acquisition-Related Costs and Expenses
Acquisition-related costs and expenses include amortization of intangible assets, expenses recorded due to changes in the fair value of contingent consideration, stock-based compensation, and other costs associated with acquisitions. Acquisition-related costs and expenses increased $2.5 million, or 401%, to $3.2 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared
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to $0.6 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017. As a percentage of revenue, acquisition-related costs and expenses increased to 20% in the three months ended June 30, 2018 from 5% in the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in acquisition-related costs and expenses is primarily due to $1.0 million of termination costs and $0.6 million of legal and other integration costs associated with the A2iA Acquisition. The remaining increase is due to $0.9 million of additional expense related the amortization of intangible assets associated with the A2iA Acquisition and the ICAR Acquisition.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net includes interest income net of amortization and net realized gains (losses) on our marketable securities portfolio, foreign currency transactional gains or losses, and interest expense. Other income (expense), net decreased $1.5 million, to a net loss of $1.4 million in the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to a net gain of $0.1 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017, primarily due to a $1.3 million foreign currency exchange remeasurement on the Euro for the A2iA Acquisition.
Income Tax Benefit (Provision)
Income tax benefit for the three months ended June 30, 2018 was $1.4 million, compared to an income tax provision for the three months ended June 30, 2017 of $17,000. The income tax benefit is primarily due to our net loss before income taxes for the three months ended June 30, 2018.
Comparison of the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017
The following table summarizes certain aspects of our results of operations for the nine months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 (amounts in thousands, except percentages):

| Nine Months Ended June 30,
|  |  |  |  | Percentage of Total Revenue |  | Increase (Decrease)
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | $ |  | %
Revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Software and hardware | $ | 26,437 |  |  | $ | 21,244 |  |  | 62 | % |  | 65 | % |  | 5,193 |  |  | 24 | %
SaaS, maintenance and consulting | 16,085 |  |  | 11,242 |  |  | 38 | % |  | 35 | % |  | 4,843 |  |  | 43 | %
Total revenue | $ | 42,522 |  |  | $ | 32,486 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 100 | % |  | 10,036 |  |  | 31 | %
Cost of revenue | 6,012 |  |  | 2,903 |  |  | 14 | % |  | 9 | % |  | 3,109 |  |  | 107 | %
Selling and marketing | 15,863 |  |  | 11,029 |  |  | 37 | % |  | 34 | % |  | 4,834 |  |  | 44 | %
Research and development | 10,942 |  |  | 7,504 |  |  | 26 | % |  | 23 | % |  | 3,438 |  |  | 46 | %
General and administrative | 10,529 |  |  | 8,348 |  |  | 25 | % |  | 26 | % |  | 2,181 |  |  | 26 | %
Acquisition-related costs and expenses | 5,616 |  |  | 1,666 |  |  | 13 | % |  | 5 | % |  | 3,950 |  |  | 237 | %
Other income (expense), net | (957 | ) |  | 281 |  |  | (2 | )% |  | 1 | % |  | (1,238 | ) |  | (441 | )%
Income tax provision | (2,283 | ) |  | (91 | ) |  | 5 | % |  | — | % |  | 2,192 |  |  | * |

* | Not meaningful.

Revenue
Total revenue increased $10.0 million or 31%, to $42.5 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $32.5 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2017. The increase is due to an increase in the sales of software and hardware of $5.2 million, or 24%, to $26.4 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $21.2 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2017. In addition, SaaS, maintenance, and consulting revenue increased $4.8 million, or 43%, to $16.1 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $11.2 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in software license revenue primarily relates to an increase in sales of our Mobile Deposit® and Mobile Fill™ software products as well as additional revenue generated from the sale of ICAR and A2iA products. Services revenue primarily increased due to additional Mobile Verify™ and ICAR SaaS revenue of $3.7 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the nine months ended June 30, 2017 as well as additional maintenance associated with the increase in our Mobile Deposit® software license revenue.
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Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue includes personnel costs related to billable services and software support, direct costs associated with our hardware products, hosting costs, and the costs of royalties for third party products embedded in our products. Cost of revenue increased $3.1 million, or 107%, to $6.0 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $2.9 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2017. As a percentage of revenue, cost of revenue increased to 14% in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 from 9% in the nine months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in cost of revenue is primarily due to additional costs associated with the sale of ICAR hardware products, as well as an increase in variable personnel, hosting, and royalty costs associated with a higher volume of Mobile Verify™ transactions processed during the nine months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.
Selling and Marketing Expenses
Selling and marketing expenses include payroll, employee benefits, stock-based compensation, and other headcount-related costs associated with sales, marketing, and product management personnel, non-billable costs of professional services personnel, and advertising, promotions, trade shows, seminars and other programs. Selling and marketing expenses increased $4.8 million, or 44%, to $15.9 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $11.0 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2017. As a percentage of revenue, selling and marketing expenses increased to 37% in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 from 34% in the nine months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in sales and marketing expense is primarily due to higher personnel-related costs of $3.9 million, including an increase in share-based compensation expense of $0.9 million, resulting from our increased headcount, as well as additional personnel-related costs associated with the A2iA Acquisition and the ICAR Acquisition in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The remaining increase is related to additional travel costs of $0.2 million resulting from a general increase in sales and marketing activity during the nine months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.
Research and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses include payroll, employee benefits, stock-based compensation, consultant expenses and other headcount-related costs associated with software engineering and mobile capture science. Research and development expenses increased $3.4 million, or 46%, to $10.9 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $7.5 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2017. As a percentage of revenue, research and development expenses increased to 26% in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 from 23% in the nine months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in research and development expenses is primarily due to higher personnel-related costs of $3.1 million, including an increase in share-based compensation expense of $0.6 million, resulting from increased research and development personnel, as well as additional personnel costs associated with the A2iA Acquisition and the ICAR Acquisition in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses include payroll, employee benefits, stock-based compensation, and other headcount-related costs associated with finance, legal, administration and information technology functions, as well as third party legal and accounting and other administrative costs. General and administrative expenses increased $2.2 million, or 26%, to $10.5 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $8.3 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2017. As a percentage of revenue, general and administrative expenses decreased to 25% in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 from 26% in the nine months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in general and administrative expenses is primarily due to higher personnel-related costs of $2.5 million, including an increase in share-based compensation expense of $0.5 million, which is due to an increase in the number of employees engaged in general and administrative activities, as well as additional personnel costs associated with the A2iA Acquisition and the ICAR Acquisition. The remaining increase is due to additional outside professional service fees of $0.3 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. These increases are partially offset by Chief Financial Officer transition costs of $0.8 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2017.
Acquisition-Related Costs and Expenses
Acquisition-related costs and expenses include amortization of intangible assets, expenses recorded due to changes in the fair value of contingent consideration, stock-based compensation, and other costs associated with acquisitions. Acquisition-related costs and expenses increased $4.0 million, or 237%, to $5.6 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $1.7 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2017. As a percentage of revenue, acquisition-related costs in expenses increased to 13% in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 from 5% in the nine months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in acquisition-related costs and expenses is primarily due to $1.8 million in additional expense related the amortization of intangible assets and $0.8 million of legal and other integration costs related to the A2iA Acquisition and the ICAR Acquisition,
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$1.0 million of termination costs associated with the acquisition of A2iA, and an increase of $0.2 million in expense due to changes in the fair value of contingent consideration.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net includes interest income net of amortization and net realized gains (losses) on our marketable securities portfolio, foreign currency transactional gains or losses, and interest expense. Other income (expense), net decreased $1.2 million, to a net loss of $1.0 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2018 compared to a net gain of $0.3 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2017, primarily due to a $1.3 million foreign currency exchange remeasurement on the Euro for the acquisition of A2iA.
Income Tax Provision
Income tax provision for the nine months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $2.3 million and $91,000, respectively. The increase in the income tax provision is primarily due $4.4 million of tax expense related to the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, partially offset by an income tax benefit related to our net loss before income taxes for the nine months ended June 30, 2017.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
On June 30, 2018, we had $18.0 million in cash and cash equivalents and investments compared to $46.3 million on September 30, 2017, a decrease of $28.3 million, or 61%. The decrease in cash and cash equivalents and investments is primarily due to net cash paid in conjunction with the acquisitions of $29.7 million and capital expenditures of $3.2 million, partially offset by net cash provided by operating activities of $4.1 million and net proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $0.5 million.
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities during the nine months ended June 30, 2018 was $4.1 million and resulted primarily from a net loss of $9.7 million adjusted for non-cash charges of $12.3 million as well as favorable changes in operating assets and liabilities of $1.5 million. The primary non-cash adjustments to operating activities were stock-based compensation expense, deferred taxes, amortization of intangible assets, amortization of closing shares and earnout shares, and depreciation and amortization totaling $5.9 million, $3.5 million, $2.2 million, $0.4 million, and $0.3 million, respectively.
Net cash provided by operating activities during the nine months ended June 30, 2017 was $7.2 million and resulted primarily from net income of $1.2 million adjusted for non-cash charges of $5.9 million as well as favorable changes in operating assets and liabilities of $0.1 million. The primary non-cash adjustments to operating activities were stock-based compensation expense, amortization of closing shares and earnout shares, amortization of intangible assets, and depreciation and amortization totaling $3.9 million, $1.2 million, $0.4 million, and $0.3 million, respectively.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was $8.2 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2018, which consisted primarily of net cash paid in conjunction with the acquisitions of $29.7 million and capital expenditures of $3.2 million, partially offset by net sales and maturities of investments of $24.7 million.
Net cash used in investing activities was $7.2 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2017, which consisted primarily of net purchases of investments of $6.9 million and capital expenditures of $0.4 million.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities was $0.5 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2018, which consisted of proceeds from the exercise of stock options.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $0.4 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2017, which consisted of proceeds from the exercise of stock options.
Revolving Credit Facility
On May 3, 2018, the Company and IDChecker, Inc. (together, the “Co-Borrowers”) entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”). Pursuant to the Loan Agreement, we arranged for a $10.0 million secured revolving credit facility (the “Revolver”) with a floating per annum interest rate equal to the greater of the Wall Street Journal prime rate, plus 0.25%, or 4.5%. The Co-Borrowers must maintain, at all times when any amounts are
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outstanding under the Revolver, either (i) minimum unrestricted cash at SVB and unused availability on the Revolver of at least $15.0 million and (ii) Adjusted Quick Ratio of 1.75:1.00. The Revolver has a maturity date of May 3, 2019. There were no borrowings outstanding under the Revolver as of June 30, 2018.
Other Liquidity Matters
On June 30, 2018, we had investments of $9.4 million, designated as available-for-sale debt securities, which consisted of U.S. Treasury notes, commercial paper, and corporate issuances, carried at fair value as determined by quoted market prices for identical or similar assets, with unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, and reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. All securities whose maturity or sale is expected within one year are classified as “current” on the consolidated balance sheets. All other securities are classified as “long-term” on the consolidated balance sheets. At June 30, 2018, we had $9.4 million of our available-for-sale securities classified as current. At September 30, 2017, we had $30.3 million of our available-for-sale securities classified as current and $3.8 million of our available-for-sale securities classified as long-term.
We had working capital of $15.3 million at June 30, 2018 compared to $41.3 million at September 30, 2017.
Based on our current operating plan, we believe the current cash balance and cash expected to be generated from operations will be adequate to satisfy our working capital needs for the next twelve months from the date the financial statements are filed.
Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
The Company had no off balance sheet arrangements as of June 30, 2018.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We review our estimates on an on-going basis, including those related to revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, income taxes and the valuation of goodwill, intangibles and other long-lived assets. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. The critical accounting policies and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements are described in Item 7—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in the Form 10-K. We believe that there were no significant changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates since September 30, 2017.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
Interest Rates
The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal while at the same time maximizing after-tax yields without significantly increasing risk. To achieve this objective, we maintain our investment portfolio of cash equivalents and marketable securities in a variety of securities, including corporate debt securities, commercial paper and certificates of deposit. We have not used derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio, and none of our investments are held for trading or speculative purposes. Short-term and long-term debt securities are generally classified as available-for-sale and consequently are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value with unrealized gains or losses reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of estimated tax. As of June 30, 2018, our marketable securities had remaining maturities between approximately one and eleven months and a fair market value of $9.4 million, representing 8% of our total assets.
The fair value of our cash equivalents and debt securities is subject to change as a result of changes in market interest rates and investment risk related to the issuers’ credit worthiness. We do not utilize financial contracts to manage our investment portfolio’s exposure to changes in market interest rates. A hypothetical 100 basis point increase or decrease in market interest rates would not have a material impact on the fair value of our cash equivalents and debt securities due to the relatively short maturities of these investments. While changes in market interest rates may affect the fair value of our investment portfolio, any gains or losses will not be recognized in our results of operations until the investment is sold or if the reduction in fair value was determined to be an other-than-temporary impairment.
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Foreign Currency Risk
As a result of past acquisitions, we have operations in France, the Netherlands, and Spain that are exposed to fluctuations in the foreign currency exchange rate between the U.S. dollar, the Euro, and the British pound sterling. The functional currency of our French, Dutch, and Spanish operations is the Euro. Our results of operations and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly changes in the Euro. Translation adjustments resulting from translating the functional currency financial statements into U.S. dollar equivalents are reported separately in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required financial disclosures.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b). In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013). We recognize that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2018.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended June 30, 2018 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Scope of Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
As described throughout this Form 10-Q, on October 16, 2017, the Company acquired ICAR and on May 23, 2018, the Company acquired A2iA. While our financial statements for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2018 include the results of ICAR from October 16, 2017 through June 30, 2018 and the results of A2iA from May 23, 2018 through June 30, 2018, as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC, our management’s assessment of our internal control over financial reporting did not include an evaluation of ICAR’s and A2iA’s internal control over financial reporting. Further, our management’s conclusion regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2018 does not extend to ICAR’s and A2iA’s internal control over financial reporting.
We are currently integrating policies, processes, technology, and operations for the combined company and will continue to evaluate our internal control over financial reporting as we develop and execute our integration plans. Until the companies are fully integrated, we will maintain the operational integrity of each company’s legacy internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II
OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
For information regarding our legal proceedings, see Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q and Item 3—“Legal Proceedings” in the Form 10-K. There have been no material developments in our historical legal proceedings since September 30, 2017.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
While we attempt to identify, manage, and mitigate risks and uncertainties associated with our business to the extent practical under the circumstances, some level of risk and uncertainty will always be present. Item 1A—“Risk Factors” in the Form 10-K describes some of the risks and uncertainties associated with our business, which we strongly encourage you to review. These risks and uncertainties have the potential to materially affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, projected results, and future prospects. There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in the Form 10-K.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
There were no unregistered sales of the Company’s equity securities during the quarter ended June 30, 2018, that were not previously disclosed in a Current Report on Form 8-K.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
None.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Exhibit No. |  | Description |  | Incorporated by Reference from Document
2.1** |  | Share Purchase Agreement, dated May 26, 2015, by and among Mitek Systems, Inc., ID Checker NL B.V., ID Checker Holding B.V., Stichting Administratiekantoor OPID, Pierre L.M. deBoer, and Michael Hagen. |  | (1)
2.2** |  | Share Purchase Agreement, dated October 16, 2017, by and among Mitek Systems, Inc., Mitek Systems Holdings B.V., and the shareholders of ICAR Vision Systems, S.L. |  | (2)
2.3** |  | Share Purchase Agreement, dated May 23, 2018, by and among Mitek Systems, Inc., the shareholders of A2iA Group II, S.A.S. and Andera Partners, S.C.A., as representative of the Sellers. |  | (3)
3.1 |  | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Mitek Systems, Inc., as amended. |  | (4)
3.2 |  | Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of Mitek Systems, Inc. |  | (5)
31.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. |  | *
31.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. |  | *
32.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |  | *
101 |  | Financial statements from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Mitek Systems, Inc. for the quarter ended June 30, 2018, formatted in XBRL: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (iv) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |  | *

* | Filed herewith.

** | Certain schedules, appendices and exhibits to this agreement have been omitted in accordance with Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. A copy of any omitted schedule and/or exhibit will be furnished supplementally to the SEC upon request.

(1) | Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 17, 2015.

(2) | Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the SEC on October 20, 2017.

(3) | Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 23, 2018.

(4) | Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015.

(5) | Incorporated by reference to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 10, 2014.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

August 3, 2018 | MITEK SYSTEMS, INC.
| By: |  | /s/ James B. DeBello
|  |  | James B. DeBello
|  |  | President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
| By: |  | /s/ Jeffrey C. Davison
|  |  | Jeffrey C. Davison
|  |  | Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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