Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net

Goodwill

The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by reportable segments:



(in millions)	Commercial Industries			Government Services			Transportation			Total
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	1,504		$	1,738		$	647		$	3,889
Foreign currency translation	19			—			28			47
Disposition	(19		)	(14		)	—			(33		)
Assets held-for-sale	(105		)	(414		)	(18		)	(537		)
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	1,399		$	1,310		$	657		$	3,366
Foreign currency translation	(10		)	—			(16		)	(26		)
Assets held-for-sale	(12		)	—			—			(12		)
Other⁽¹⁾	14			66			—			80
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	1,391		$	1,376		$	641		$	3,408

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(1)	Represents 2018 true-up to the 2017 Assets held for sale.

Impairment Charge

There was no impairment identified for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017. In 2016, due to the declining trends and projections in the Commercial Industries reporting unit, we concluded that the fair value of our Commercial Industries reporting unit was less than its carrying value. Accordingly, we recorded a pre-tax goodwill impairment charge of $935 million during the fourth quarter of 2016, which is separately presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). There was no impairment identified for the Public Sector in 2016.

Intangible Assets, Net

Net intangible assets were $651 million at December 31, 2018 of which $417 million, $160 million and $74 million relate to our Commercial Industries, Government Services and Transportation segments, respectively. Intangible assets were comprised of the following:



		December 31, 2018						December 31, 2017
(in millions except years)	Weighted Average Amortization	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Amount
Customer relationships	11 years	$	2,914	$	2,264	$	650	$	2,907	$	2,022	$	885
Technology, patents and non-compete	4 years	6		5		1		11		5		6
Total Intangible Assets		$	2,920	$	2,269	$	651	$	2,918	$	2,027	$	891

Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $242 million, $243 million and $280 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Amortization expense is expected to approximate $241 million in 2019, $238 million in 2020, $134 million in 2021, $12 million in 2022 and $6 million in 2023.