Restructuring Programs and Related Costs

The Company engages in a series of restructuring programs related to downsizing its employee base, exiting certain activities, outsourcing certain internal functions and engaging in other actions designed to reduce its cost structure and improve productivity. The implementation of the Company's strategic transformation program and various productivity initiatives have reduced the Company's real estate footprint across all geographies and segments resulting in increased lease cancellation and other related costs. Also included in Restructuring and Related Costs are incremental, non-recurring costs related to the consolidation of our data centers. Management continues to evaluate the Company's business and in the future, there may be additional provisions for new plan initiatives and/or changes in previously recorded estimates as payments are made or actions are completed.

Costs associated with restructuring, including employee severance and lease termination costs, are generally recognized when it has been determined that a liability has been incurred, which is generally upon communication to the affected employees or exit from the leased facility. In those geographies where we have either a formal severance plan or a history of consistently providing severance benefits representing a substantive plan, we recognize employee severance costs when they are both probable and reasonably estimable.

A summary of our restructuring program activity during the two years ended December 31, 2018 is as follows:



(in millions)	Severance and Related Costs			Lease Cancellation and Other Costs			Total
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	15		$	6		$	21
Restructuring provision	49			54			103
Adjustments to prior accruals	(8		)	(3		)	(11		)
Total Net Current Period Charges	41			51			92
Payments against reserve and currency	(42		)	(23		)	(65		)
Other	—			(4		)	(4		)
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	14		$	30		$	44
Restructuring provision	39			39			78
Adjustments to prior accruals	(5		)	5			—
Total Net Current Period Charges	34			44			78
Payments against reserve and currency	(35		)	(40		)	(75		)
Other	—			2			2
Balance at Balance at December 31, 2018	$	13		$	36		$	49

We also recorded costs related to professional support services associated with the implementation of the strategic transformation program of $3 million, $9 million and $28 million during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The following table summarizes the total amount of costs incurred in connection with these restructuring programs by reportable and non-reportable segments:



	Year Ended December 31,
(in millions)	2018		2017		2016
Commercial Industries	$	26	$	15	$	27
Government Services	1		2		3
Transportation	3		1		2
Other	6		4		17
Corporate	42		70		24
Total Net Restructuring Charges	$	78	$	92	$	73