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Restructuring Programs
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Restructuring Programs Restructuring Programs and Related Costs

The Company engages in a series of restructuring programs related to downsizing its employee base, exiting certain activities, outsourcing certain internal functions and engaging in other actions designed to reduce its cost structure and improve productivity. The implementation of the Company's strategic transformation program and various productivity initiatives have reduced the Company's real estate footprint across all geographies and segments resulting in increased lease cancellation and other related costs. Also included in Restructuring and Related Costs are incremental, non-recurring costs related to the consolidation of the Company's data centers, which totaled $9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Management continues to evaluate the Company's business, and in the future, there may be additional provisions for new plan initiatives and/or changes in previously recorded estimates as payments are made, or actions are completed.

Costs associated with restructuring, including employee severance and lease termination costs, are generally recognized when it has been determined that a liability has been incurred, which is generally upon communication to the affected employees or exit from the leased facility. In those geographies where we have either a formal severance plan or a history of consistently providing severance benefits representing a substantive plan, we recognize employee severance costs when they are both probable and reasonably estimable.

A summary of the Company's restructuring program activity during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was as follows:
(in millions)
Severance and
Related Costs
 
Lease Cancellation
and Other Costs
 
Total
Accrued Balance at December 31, 2018
$
13

 
$
36

 
$
49

Restructuring provision
3

 
14

 
17

Adjustments to prior accruals
—

 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Total Net Current Period Charges
3

 
13

 
16

Payments against reserve and currency
(5
)
 
(6
)
 
(11
)
Adoption of new lease standard
—

 
(22
)
 
(22
)
Other
—

 
(3
)
 
(3
)
Accrued Balance at March 31, 2019
$
11

 
$
18

 
$
29



(in millions)
Severance and
Related Costs
 
Lease Cancellation
and Other Costs
 
Total
Accrued Balance at December 31, 2017
$
14

 
$
30

 
$
44

Restructuring provision
17

 
7

 
24

Adjustments to prior accruals
(3
)
 
(2
)
 
(5
)
Total Net Current Period Charges
14

 
5

 
19

Payments against reserve and currency
(5
)
 
(8
)
 
(13
)
Other
—

 
1

 
1

Accrued Balance at March 31, 2018
$
23

 
$
28

 
$
51



In addition, the Company recorded professional support costs associated with the strategic transformation program in Restructuring and related costs of $0 million and $1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The following table summarizes the total amount of costs incurred in connection with these restructuring programs by segment:

 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
(in millions)
 
2019
 
2018
Commercial Industries
 
$
2

 
$
12

Shared IT / Infrastructure & Corporate Costs
 
14

 
7

Total Net Restructuring Charges
 
$
16

 
$
19