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Table of Contents |  |

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
________________
FORM 10-Q
_______________
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended: September 30, 2020
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 001-37817
CONDUENT INCORPORATED
(Exact Name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

New York |  | 81-2983623
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (IRS Employer Identification No.)
| 100 Campus Drive, | Suite 200, |  |
| Florham Park, | New Jersey |  | 07932
| (Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(844) 663-2638
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
_________________________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value | CNDT | NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Small reporting company | ☐ | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by a check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Class |  | Outstanding at October 31, 2020
Common Stock, | $0.01 par value |  | 209,285,733

|  | CNDT Q3 2020 Form 10-Q

Table of Contents |  |

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (Form 10-Q) and any exhibits to this Form 10-Q may contain "forward-looking statements" as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “will,” “aim,” “should,” "continue to" and similar expressions, as they relate to us, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. In addition, all statements regarding the anticipated effects of the novel coronavirus, or COVID-19, pandemic and the responses thereto, including the pandemic’s impact on general economic and market conditions, as well as on our business, customers, and markets, results of operations and financial condition and anticipated actions to be taken by management to sustain our business during the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic and related governmental and business actions, as well as other statements that are not strictly historical in nature, are forward looking. These statements reflect management's current beliefs, assumptions and expectations and are subject to a number of factors that could cause actual results to differ materially. As with any projection or forecast, forward-looking statements are inherently susceptible to uncertainty and changes in circumstances. Our actual results may vary materially from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are also subject to the significant continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, operations, financial results and financial condition, which is dependent on developments which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted.
Important factors and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those in our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic; government appropriations and termination rights contained in our government contracts; risk and impact of potential goodwill and other asset impairments; our ability to renew commercial and government contracts, including contracts awarded through competitive bidding processes; our ability to recover capital and other investments in connection with our contracts; our ability to attract and retain necessary technical personnel and qualified subcontractors; our ability to deliver on our contractual obligations properly and on time; competitive pressures; our significant indebtedness; changes in interest in outsourced business process services; our ability to obtain adequate pricing for our services and to improve our cost structure; risk and impact of geographical events, natural disasters and other factors (such as pandemics, including COVID-19) in a particular country or region on our workforce, customers, vendors, partners and the global economy; claims of infringement of third-party intellectual property rights; the failure to comply with laws relating to individually identifiable information and personal health information and laws relating to processing certain financial transactions, including payment card transactions and debit or credit card transactions; breaches of our information systems or security systems or any service interruptions; our ability to estimate the scope of work or the costs of performance in our contracts; our continuing emphasis on and shift toward technology-led digital transactions; customer decision-making cycles and lead time for customer commitments; our ability to collect our receivables, including those for unbilled services; a decline in revenues from, or a loss of, or a reduction in business from or failure of significant clients; fluctuations in our non-recurring revenue; our failure to maintain a satisfactory credit rating; our ability to attract and retain key employees; increases in the cost of telephone and data services or significant interruptions in such services; our failure to develop new service offerings; our ability to modernize our information technology infrastructure and consolidate data centers; our ability to comply with data security standards; our ability to receive dividends or other payments from our subsidiaries; changes in tax and other laws and regulations; changes in government regulation and economic, strategic, political and social conditions; the outcome of litigation to which we are a party from time to time; changes in the volatility of our stock price and the risk of litigation following a decline in the price of our stock; and other factors that are set forth in the “Risk Factors” section, the “Legal Proceedings” section, the “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section and other sections of this Form 10-Q, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020, as well as in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and any Current Report on Form 8-K. Any forward-looking statements made by us in this Form 10-Q speak only as of the date on which they are made. We are under no obligation to, and expressly disclaim any obligation to, update or alter our forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, subsequent events or otherwise.

|  | CNDT Q3 2020 Form 10-Q

1

Table of Contents |  |

CONDUENT INCORPORATED
FORM 10-Q
September 30, 2020
TABLE OF CONTENTS

| Page
Part I — Financial Information |
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 6
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity | 7
| Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 23
| Capital Resources and Liquidity | 34
| Market Risk Management | 35
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 35
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 35
Part II — Other Information |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 36
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 36
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 38
Item 6. | Exhibits | 39
Signatures | 40

For additional information about Conduent Incorporated and access to our Annual Reports to Shareholders and SEC filings, free of charge, please visit our website at https://investor.conduent.com/. Any information on or linked from the website is not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-Q.

|  | CNDT Q3 2020 Form 10-Q

2

Table of Contents |  |

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1 — FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
CONDUENT INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions, except per share data) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Revenue |  | $ | 1,041 |  |  | $ | 1,098 |  |  | $ | 3,108 |  |  | $ | 3,368 |
Operating Costs and Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services (excluding depreciation and amortization) |  | 779 |  |  | 859 |  |  | 2,406 |  |  | 2,644 |
Selling, general and administrative (excluding depreciation and amortization) |  | 122 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 349 |  |  | 360 |
Research and development (excluding depreciation and amortization) |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 6 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 112 |  |  | 115 |  |  | 344 |  |  | 342 |
Restructuring and related costs |  | 20 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 50 |
Interest expense |  | 14 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 60 |
Goodwill impairment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,351 |
(Gain) loss on divestitures and transaction costs |  | 8 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 19 |
Litigation costs (recoveries), net |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 15 |
Other (income) expenses, net |  | (1) |  |  | (8) |  |  | — |  |  | (8) |
Total Operating Costs and Expenses |  | 1,054 |  |  | 1,112 |  |  | 3,236 |  |  | 4,839 |
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes |  | (13) |  |  | (14) |  |  | (128) |  |  | (1,471) |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | (6) |  |  | 2 |  |  | (21) |  |  | (118) |
Net Income (Loss) |  | $ | (7) |  |  | $ | (16) |  |  | $ | (107) |  |  | $ | (1,353) |
Net Income (Loss) per Share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | (0.04) |  |  | $ | (0.09) |  |  | $ | (0.54) |  |  | $ | (6.52) |
Diluted |  | $ | (0.04) |  |  | $ | (0.09) |  |  | $ | (0.54) |  |  | $ | (6.52) |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CONDUENT INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Net Income (Loss) |  | $ | (7) |  |  | $ | (16) |  |  | $ | (107) |  |  | $ | (1,353) |
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net(1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency translation adjustments, net |  | 11 |  |  | (15) |  |  | (15) |  |  | (9) |
Reclassification of currency translation adjustments on divestitures |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |
Reclassification of divested benefit plans and other |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |
Unrecognized gains (losses), net |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Changes in benefit plans, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net |  | 12 |  |  | (15) |  |  | (14) |  |  | 6 |
Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | (31) |  |  | $ | (121) |  |  | $ | (1,347) |

__________
(1)All amounts are net of tax. Tax effects were immaterial.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CONDUENT INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

(in millions, except share data in thousands) |  | September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Assets |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 488 |  |  | $ | 496 |
Accounts receivable, net |  | 687 |  |  | 652 |
Contract assets |  | 166 |  |  | 155 |
Other current assets |  | 312 |  |  | 283 |
Total current assets |  | 1,653 |  |  | 1,586 |
Land, buildings and equipment, net |  | 306 |  |  | 342 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  | 246 |  |  | 271 |
Intangible assets, net |  | 247 |  |  | 426 |
Goodwill |  | 1,506 |  |  | 1,502 |
Other long-term assets |  | 402 |  |  | 387 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 4,360 |  |  | $ | 4,514 |
Liabilities and Equity |  |  |  |
Current portion of long-term debt |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 50 |
Accounts payable |  | 173 |  |  | 198 |
Accrued compensation and benefits costs |  | 200 |  |  | 174 |
Unearned income |  | 112 |  |  | 108 |
Other current liabilities |  | 478 |  |  | 647 |
Total current liabilities |  | 1,041 |  |  | 1,177 |
Long-term debt |  | 1,574 |  |  | 1,464 |
Deferred taxes |  | 106 |  |  | 111 |
Operating lease liabilities |  | 209 |  |  | 229 |
Other long-term liabilities |  | 105 |  |  | 91 |
Total Liabilities |  | 3,035 |  |  | 3,072 |
Contingencies (See Note 11) |  |  |  |
Series A convertible preferred stock |  | 142 |  |  | 142 |
Common stock |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Additional paid-in capital |  | 3,901 |  |  | 3,890 |
Retained earnings (deficit) |  | (2,299) |  |  | (2,185) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | (421) |  |  | (407) |
Total Equity |  | 1,183 |  |  | 1,300 |
Total Liabilities and Equity |  | $ | 4,360 |  |  | $ | 4,514 |
Shares of common stock issued and outstanding |  | 209,273 |  |  | 211,511 |
Shares of series A convertible preferred stock issued and outstanding |  | 120 |  |  | 120 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CONDUENT INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Cash Flows from Operating Activities: |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (107) |  |  | $ | (1,353) |
Adjustments required to reconcile net income (loss) to cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 344 |  |  | 342 |
Contract inducement amortization |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |
Deferred income taxes |  | (38) |  |  | (148) |
Goodwill impairment |  | — |  |  | 1,351 |
(Gain) loss from investments |  | (3) |  |  | (3) |
Amortization of debt financing costs |  | 5 |  |  | 5 |
(Gain) loss on divestitures and transaction costs |  | 14 |  |  | 19 |
Stock-based compensation |  | 14 |  |  | 19 |
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  | 1 |  | — |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |
(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable |  | (36) |  |  | (84) |
(Increase) decrease in other current and long-term assets |  | (51) |  |  | (34) |
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued compensation |  | (14) |  |  | (128) |
Increase (decrease) in restructuring liabilities |  | 3 |  |  | 4 |
Increase (decrease) in other current and long-term liabilities |  | (152) |  |  | (199) |
Net change in income tax assets and liabilities |  | 7 |  |  | (9) |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  | (11) |  |  | (216) |
Cash Flows from Investing Activities: |  |  |  |
Cost of additions to land, buildings and equipment |  | (48) |  |  | (109) |
Proceeds from sale of land, buildings and equipment |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Cost of additions to internal use software |  | (47) |  |  | (49) |
Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired |  | — |  |  | (90) |
Proceeds (payments) from divestitures, including cash sold |  | 3 |  |  | (7) |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |  | (92) |  |  | (253) |
Cash Flows from Financing Activities: |  |  |  |
Proceeds from revolving credit facility and other loans |  | 152 |  |  | — |
Payments on debt |  | (41) |  |  | (42) |
Payment of contingent consideration related to acquisition |  | (4) |  |  | — |
Taxes paid for settlement of stock based compensation |  | (3) |  |  | (11) |
Dividends paid on preferred stock |  | (5) |  |  | (7) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  | 99 |  |  | (60) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  | (5) |  |  | — |
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  | (9) |  |  | (529) |
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Period |  | 505 |  |  | 765 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at End of period(1) |  | $ | 496 |  |  | $ | 236 |

___________
(1)Includes $8 million of restricted cash as of both September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, that were included in Other current assets on their respective Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CONDUENT INCORPORATED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
(in millions) | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings (Deficit) |  | AOCL(1) |  | Shareholders' Equity
Balance at June 30, 2020 | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 3,896 |  |  | $ | (2,290) |  |  | $ | (433) |  |  | $ | 1,175 |
Dividends - preferred stock, $20/share(2) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |
Stock option and incentive plans, net | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Comprehensive Income (Loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Income (Loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7) |  |  | — |  |  | (7) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 12 |
Total Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7) |  |  | 12 |  |  | 5 |
Balance at September 30, 2020 | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 3,901 |  |  | $ | (2,299) |  |  | $ | (421) |  |  | $ | 1,183 |

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
(in millions) | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings (Deficit) |  | AOCL(1) |  | Shareholders' Equity
Balance at June 30, 2019 | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 3,886 |  |  | $ | (1,583) |  |  | $ | (404) |  |  | $ | 1,901 |
Dividends - preferred stock, $20/share | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |
Comprehensive Income (Loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Income (Loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16) |  |  | — |  |  | (16) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15) |  |  | (15) |
Total Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16) |  |  | (15) |  |  | (31) |
Balance at September 30, 2019 | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 3,886 |  |  | $ | (1,601) |  |  | $ | (419) |  |  | $ | 1,868 |

| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
(in millions) | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings (Deficit) |  | AOCL(1) |  | Shareholders' Equity
Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 3,890 |  |  | $ | (2,185) |  |  | $ | (407) |  |  | $ | 1,300 |
Dividends - preferred stock, $60/share(2) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7) |  |  | — |  |  | (7) |
Stock option and incentive plans, net | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |
Comprehensive Income (Loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Income (Loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (107) |  |  | — |  |  | (107) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14) |  |  | (14) |
Total Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net | — |  |  | — |  |  | (107) |  |  | (14) |  |  | (121) |
Balance at September 30, 2020 | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 3,901 |  |  | $ | (2,299) |  |  | $ | (421) |  |  | $ | 1,183 |

| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
(in millions) | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Retained Earnings (Deficit) |  | AOCL(1) |  | Shareholders' Equity
Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 3,878 |  |  | $ | (233) |  |  | $ | (425) |  |  | $ | 3,222 |
Dividends - preferred stock, $60/share | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7) |  |  | — |  |  | (7) |
Cumulative effect of accounting change | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8) |  |  | — |  |  | (8) |
Stock option and incentive plans, net | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |
Comprehensive Income (Loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net Income (Loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,353) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,353) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | 6 |
Total Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,353) |  |  | 6 |  |  | (1,347) |
Balance at September 30, 2019 | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 3,886 |  |  | $ | (1,601) |  |  | $ | (419) |  |  | $ | 1,868 |

___________
(1)AOCL - Accumulated other comprehensive loss. Refer to Note 10 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss for the components of AOCL.
(2)The preferred dividend for the third quarter of 2020 was accrued but unpaid as of September 30, 2020.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CONDUENT INCORPORATED
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Note 1 – Basis of Presentation
References herein to “we,” “us,” “our,” the “Company” and “Conduent” refer to Conduent Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiaries unless the context suggests otherwise.
Description of Business
Conduent is a global enterprise and leading provider of mission-critical ​services and solutions on behalf of businesses and governments – creating exceptional outcomes for its clients and the millions of people who count on them. Through people, process expertise in transaction-intensive processing and technology such as analytics and automation, Conduent's solutions and services create value by improving efficiencies, reducing costs and enabling revenue growth. A majority of Fortune 100 companies and over 500 government entities depend on Conduent every day to manage their business processes and essential interactions with their end users. The Company's portfolio includes industry-focused solutions in attractive growth markets such as healthcare and transportation, as well as solutions that serve multiple industries such as transaction processing, customer care, human resource services and payment services.
Basis of Presentation
The unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) on a basis consistent with reporting interim financial information in accordance with instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the SEC. The year-end Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was derived from the audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year information to conform to current year presentation. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows have been made. These adjustments consist of normal recurring items. The interim results of operations are not necessarily indicative of the results of the full year. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Use of Estimates
Preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to fair values of financial instruments, goodwill and intangible assets, income taxes and contingent liabilities, among others. We base our estimates on assumptions, both historical and forward looking, that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.
As of September 30, 2020, the impact of the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic continues to unfold. As a result, many of our estimates and assumptions required increased judgment and carry a higher degree of variability and volatility. As events continue to evolve and additional information becomes available, our estimates may change materially in the future.

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Note 2 – Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The Company's significant accounting policies are described in Note 1–Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. Summarized below are the accounting pronouncements adopted subsequent to December 31, 2019 that were applicable and material to the Company.
New Accounting Standards Adopted
Credit Losses: In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) updated the accounting guidance related to measurement of credit losses on financial instruments, which requires financial assets measured at amortized cost to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The guidance replaces the incurred loss model with an expected loss model referred to as current expected credit loss (CECL). The CECL model requires us to measure lifetime expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date using historical experience, current conditions and reasonable supportable forecasts. The guidance expands the disclosure requirements regarding an entity’s assumptions, models, and methods for estimating credit losses and requires new disclosures of the amortized cost balance for each class of financial asset by credit quality indicator, disaggregated by the year of origination. This updated guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted the new credit loss guidance as of January 1, 2020. The adoption did not have any material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
New Accounting Standards To Be Adopted
Income Taxes: In December 2019, the FASB issued updated accounting guidance to simplify the accounting for income taxes. The guidance eliminates certain exceptions related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. The guidance also simplifies aspects of accounting for franchise taxes and enacted changes in tax laws or rates and clarifies the accounting for transactions that result in a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill. This updated guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning January 1, 2021. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.
Reference Rate Reform: In March 2020, the FASB issued updated guidance relating to the accounting for the discontinuation of the London Inter-bank Offered Rate (LIBOR), referred to as the reference rate reform. This guidance provides practical expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions affected by the reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. T his guidance is applicable to contract modifications that replace a reference LIBOR rate affected by reference rate reform. The amendments may be applied through December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

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Note 3 – Revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue
During the first quarter of 2020, the Company changed how it presents disaggregated revenue by major service offering. This change has no impact on disaggregated revenue by reportable segments or the timing of revenue recognition. All prior periods presented have been revised to reflect this change.
The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue by major service offering, the timing of revenue recognition and a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue by reportable segment. Refer to Note 4 – Segment Reporting for additional information on the Company's reportable segments.

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Commercial Industries: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer experience management |  | $ | 149 |  |  | $ | 161 |  |  | $ | 474 |  |  | $ | 490 |
Business operations solutions |  | 140 |  |  | 153 |  |  | 426 |  |  | 476 |
Commercial healthcare solutions |  | 106 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 322 |  |  | 366 |
Human resource services |  | 123 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 388 |  |  | 450 |
Total Commercial Industries |  | 518 |  |  | 578 |  |  | 1,610 |  |  | 1,782 |
Government Services: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Government healthcare solutions |  | 153 |  |  | 171 |  |  | 459 |  |  | 523 |
Government services solutions |  | 195 |  |  | 148 |  |  | 510 |  |  | 447 |
Total Government Services |  | 348 |  |  | 319 |  |  | 969 |  |  | 970 |
Transportation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Roadway charging & management services |  | 83 |  |  | 83 |  |  | 232 |  |  | 243 |
Transit solutions |  | 53 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 181 |  |  | 185 |
Curbside management solutions |  | 18 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 82 |
Public safety solutions |  | 19 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 61 |
Commercial vehicles |  | 2 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 8 |
Total Transportation |  | 175 |  |  | 201 |  |  | 529 |  |  | 579 |
Other: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Divestitures |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36 |
Education |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Total Other |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |
Total Consolidated Revenue |  | $ | 1,041 |  |  | $ | 1,098 |  |  | $ | 3,108 |  |  | $ | 3,368 |
Timing of Revenue Recognition: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Point in time |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | 111 |
Over time |  | 1,018 |  |  | 1,060 |  |  | 3,023 |  |  | 3,257 |
Total Revenue |  | $ | 1,041 |  |  | $ | 1,098 |  |  | $ | 3,108 |  |  | $ | 3,368 |

Contract Balances
The Company receives payments from customers based upon contractual billing schedules. Accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. Contract assets are the Company’s rights to consideration for services provided when the right is conditioned on something other than passage of time (for example, meeting a milestone for the right to bill under the cost-to-cost measure of progress). Contract assets are transferred to Accounts receivable, net when the rights to consideration become unconditional. Unearned income includes payments received in advance of performance under the contract, which are realized when the associated revenue is recognized under the contract.

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The following table provides information about the balances of the Company's contract assets, unearned income and receivables from contracts with customers:

(in millions) |  | September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Contract Assets (Unearned Income) |  |  |  |
Current contract assets |  | $ | 166 |  |  | $ | 155 |
Long-term contract assets(1) |  | 16 |  |  | 10 |
Current unearned income |  | (112) |  |  | (108) |
Long-term unearned income(2) |  | (20) |  |  | (21) |
Net Contract Assets (Unearned Income) |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 36 |
Accounts receivable, net |  | $ | 687 |  |  | $ | 652 |

__________
(1)Presented in Other long-term assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(2)Presented in Other long-term liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Revenues of $20 million and $84 million were recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, related to the Company's unearned income at December 31, 2019. Revenues of $16 million and $97 million were recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, related to the Company's unearned income at December 31, 2018.
Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations
Estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially satisfied at September 30, 2020 was approximately $1.5 billion. The Company expects to recognize approximately 70% of this revenue over the next two years and the remainder thereafter.
Note 4 – Segment Reporting
Our reportable segments correspond to how we organize and manage the business, as defined by our Chief Executive Officer, who is also our Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM), and are aligned to the industries in which our clients operate. Our segments involve the delivery of business process services and include service arrangements where we manage a customer's business activity or process.
In the first quarter of 2020, we realigned our sales organization and certain shared IT and other allocated functions to reflect how we currently manage our business.
In the third quarter of 2020, in order to provide greater visibility into the profitability of our segments, certain costs that were previously included in the Shared IT/Infrastructure and Corporate Costs (now referred to as Unallocated Costs) are being allocated to each of the reportable segments. All prior periods presented have been recast to reflect these changes.
Our financial performance is based on Segment Profit/(Loss) and Segment Adjusted EBITDA for our three reportable segments (Commercial Industries, Government Services and Transportation), Other and Unallocated Costs. Our CODM does not evaluate operating segments using discrete asset information.
Commercial Industries: Our Commercial Industries segment provides business process services and customized solutions to clients in a variety of industries. Across the Commercial Industries segment, we operate on our clients’ behalf to deliver mission-critical solutions and services to reduce costs, improve efficiencies and enable revenue growth for our clients and their consumers and employees.
Government Services: Our Government Services segment provides government-centric business process services to U.S. federal, state and local and foreign governments for public assistance, program administration, transaction processing and payment services. Our solutions in this segment help governments respond to changing rules for eligibility and increasing citizen expectations.

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Transportation: Our Transportation segment provides systems and support, as well as revenue-generating services, to government clients. On behalf of government agencies and authorities in the transportation industry, we deliver mission-critical mobility and payment solutions that improve automation, interoperability and decision-making to streamline operations, increase revenue and reduce congestion while creating safer communities and seamless travel experiences for consumers.
Other includes our divestitures and our Student Loan business, which the Company exited in the third quarter of 2018.
Unallocated Costs includes IT infrastructure costs that are shared by multiple reportable segments, enterprise application costs and certain corporate overhead expenses not directly attributable or allocated to our reportable segments.
Selected financial information for our reportable segments was as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) |  | Commercial Industries |  | Government Services |  | Transportation |  | Other |  | Unallocated Costs |  | Total
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Divestitures |  | Other |  |  |  |
Revenue |  | $ | 518 |  |  | $ | 348 |  |  | $ | 175 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,041 |
Segment profit (loss) |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 122 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | (98) |  |  | $ | 88 |
Segment depreciation and amortization |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 53 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | 128 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | (84) |  |  | $ | 141 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue |  | $ | 578 |  |  | $ | 319 |  |  | $ | 201 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,098 |
Segment profit (loss) |  | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (83) |  |  | $ | 72 |
Segment depreciation and amortization |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 55 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 87 |  |  | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (71) |  |  | $ | 127 |

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) |  | Commercial Industries |  | Government Services |  | Transportation |  | Other |  | Unallocated Costs |  | Total
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Divestitures |  | Other |  |  |  |
Revenue |  | $ | 1,610 |  |  | $ | 969 |  |  | $ | 529 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,108 |
Segment profit (loss) |  | $ | 99 |  |  | $ | 282 |  |  | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | (258) |  |  | $ | 188 |
Segment depreciation and amortization |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 166 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 178 |  |  | $ | 301 |  |  | $ | 83 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (217) |  |  | $ | 347 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue |  | $ | 1,782 |  |  | $ | 970 |  |  | $ | 579 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,368 |
Segment profit (loss) |  | $ | 198 |  |  | $ | 202 |  |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (251) |  |  | $ | 200 |
Segment depreciation and amortization |  | $ | 76 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 160 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 274 |  |  | $ | 226 |  |  | $ | 81 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (218) |  |  | $ | 364 |

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(in millions) |  |  |  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
Segment Profit (Loss) Reconciliation to Pre-tax Income (Loss) |  |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (13) |  |  | $ | (14) |  |  | $ | (128) |  |  | $ | (1,471) |
Reconciling items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of acquired intangible assets |  |  |  |  |  | 60 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 180 |  |  | 184 |
Restructuring and related costs |  |  |  |  |  | 20 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 50 |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |  | 14 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 60 |
Goodwill impairment |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,351 |
(Gain) loss on divestitures and transaction costs |  |  |  |  |  | 8 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 19 |
Litigation costs (recoveries), net |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 15 |
Other (income) expenses, net |  |  |  |  |  | (1) |  |  | (8) |  |  | — |  |  | (8) |
Segment Pre-tax Income (Loss) |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 88 |  |  | $ | 72 |  |  | $ | 188 |  |  | $ | 200 |
Segment depreciation and amortization (including contract inducements) |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 166 |  |  | $ | 160 |
CA MMIS charge (credit) |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7) |  |  | — |
Other adjustments |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 141 |  |  | $ | 127 |  |  | $ | 347 |  |  | $ | 364 |

Refer to Note 3 – Revenue for additional information on disaggregated revenues of the reportable segments.
Note 5 – Restructuring Programs and Related Costs
The Company engages in a series of restructuring programs related to downsizing its employee base, exiting certain activities, outsourcing certain internal functions and engaging in other actions designed to reduce its cost structure and improve productivity. The implementation of the Company's strategic transformation program and various productivity initiatives have reduced the Company's real estate footprint across all geographies and segments resulting in lease terminations, asset impairments and other related costs. Also included in Restructuring and related costs in the table below are incremental, non-recurring costs related to the consolidation of the Company's data centers, which totaled $8 million and $0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $16 million and $18 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Management continues to evaluate the Company's business, and in the future, there may be additional provisions for new plan initiatives and/or changes in previously recorded estimates as payments are made, or actions are completed.
Costs associated with restructuring, including employee severance and lease termination costs, are generally recognized when it has been determined that a liability has been incurred, which is generally upon communication to the affected employees or exit from the leased facility. In those geographies where we have either a formal severance plan or a history of consistently providing severance benefits representing a substantive plan, we recognize employee severance costs when they are both probable and reasonably estimable. Asset impairment costs related to the reduction of our real estate footprint include impairment of operating lease right-of-use (ROU) assets and associated leasehold improvements.
A summary of the Company's restructuring program activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was as follows:

(in millions) | Severance and Related Costs |  | Termination and Other Costs |  | Asset Impairments |  | Total
Accrued Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21 |
Provision | 13 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 47 |
Changes in estimates | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |
Total Net Current Period Charges(1) | 14 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 50 |
Charges against reserve and currency | (22) |  |  | (24) |  |  | (15) |  |  | (61) |
Accrued Balance at September 30, 2020 | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10 |

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(in millions) | Severance and Related Costs |  | Termination and Other Costs |  | Asset Impairments |  | Total
Accrued Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 49 |
Provision | 22 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 56 |
Changes in estimates | (5) |  |  | (4) |  |  | 1 |  |  | (8) |
Total Net Current Period Charges(1) | 17 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 48 |
Charges against reserve and currency | (17) |  |  | (27) |  |  | (11) |  |  | (55) |
Reclassification to operating lease ROU assets(2) | — |  |  | (22) |  |  | — |  |  | (22) |
Accrued Balance at September 30, 2019 | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 20 |

__________
(1)Represents amounts recognized within the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) for the years shown.
(2)Relates to the adoption of the new lease guidance.
In addition, the Company recorded professional support costs associated with the strategic transformation program in Restructuring and related costs of $2 million and $0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $6 million and $2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
The following table summarizes the total amount of costs incurred in connection with these restructuring programs by segment:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Commercial Industries |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 14 |
Government Services |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Transportation |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1 |
Other |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Unallocated Costs(1) |  | 15 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 32 |
Total Net Restructuring Charges |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 48 |

__________
(1)Represents costs related to the consolidation of the Company's data centers, operating lease ROU assets impairment, termination and other costs not allocated to the segments.
Note 6 – Debt
Long-term debt was as follows:

(in millions) |  | September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Term loan A due 2022 |  | $ | 651 |  |  | $ | 664 |
Term loan B due 2023 |  | 818 |  |  | 824 |
Revolving credit facility due 2022 |  | 150 |  |  | — |
Senior notes due 2024 |  | 34 |  |  | 34 |
Finance lease obligations |  | 18 |  |  | 17 |
Other loans |  | 2 |  |  | — |
Principal debt balance |  | 1,673 |  |  | 1,539 |
Debt issuance costs and unamortized discounts |  | (21) |  |  | (25) |
Less: current maturities |  | (78) |  |  | (50) |
Total Long-term Debt |  | $ | 1,574 |  |  | $ | 1,464 |

As of September 30, 2020, the Company has borrowed $150 million of its $750 million Senior Revolving Credit Facility (Revolver). In addition, the Company has utilized $8 million of the Revolver to issue letters of credit. The net Revolver available to be drawn upon as of September 30, 2020 was $592 million.

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At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants related to the borrowings in the table above.
Note 7 – Financial Instruments
The Company is a global company that is exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations in the normal course of its business. As a part of the Company's foreign exchange risk management strategy, the Company uses derivative instruments, primarily forward contracts, to hedge the funding of foreign entities which have a non-dollar functional currency, thereby reducing volatility of earnings or protecting fair values of assets and liabilities.
At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had outstanding forward exchange contracts with gross notional values of $160 million and $207 million, respectively. At September 30, 2020, approximately 76% of these contracts mature within three months, 9% in three to six months, 12% in six to twelve months and 3% in greater than twelve months. Most of these foreign currency derivative contracts are designated as cash flow hedges and did not have a material impact on the Company's balance sheet, income statement or cash flows for the periods presented.
Refer to Note 8 – Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities for additional information regarding the fair value of the Company's foreign exchange forward contracts.
Note 8 – Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities
Fair value represents the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. U.S. GAAP established a hierarchy framework to classify the fair value based on the observability of significant inputs to the measurement. The levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
Level 1: Fair value is determined using an unadjusted quoted price in an active market for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: Fair value is estimated using inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3: Fair value is estimated using unobservable inputs that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
Unless noted herein, the Company's valuation methodologies for assets and liabilities measured at fair value are described in Note 13 – Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Summary of Financial Assets and Liabilities Accounted for at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table represents assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The basis for the measurement at fair value in all cases was Level 2.

(in millions) |  | September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Assets: |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange contract - forward |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange contracts - forward |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Total Liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

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Summary of Other Financial Assets and Liabilities
The estimated fair values of our other financial assets and liabilities were as follows:

| September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
(in millions) | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt | $ | 1,574 |  |  | $ | 1,455 |  |  | $ | 1,464 |  |  | $ | 1,449 |
Contingent consideration payable | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 4 |

The fair value amounts for Cash and cash equivalents, Restricted cash, Accounts receivable, net and Short-term debt approximate carrying amounts due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.
The fair value of Long-term debt was estimated based on the current rates offered to the Company for debt of similar maturities (Level 2).
The fair value of the contingent consideration payable related to the HSP acquisition was measured using a Monte Carlo simulation model and calibrated to management’s financial projections of the acquired business. The value of the contingent consideration payable is then estimated to be the arithmetic average of all simulation paths, discounted to the valuation date (Level 3). The changes in the fair value are recorded in Other income (expense), net on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). During the third quarter of 2020, the contingent consideration payable was settled.
Note 9 – Employee Benefit Plans
The Company has post-retirement savings and investment plans in several countries, including the U.S., U.K. and Canada. In many instances, employees from those defined benefit pension plans that have been amended to freeze future service accruals were transitioned to an enhanced defined contribution plan. In these plans, employees are allowed to contribute a portion of their salaries and bonuses to the plans. Historically, the Company matched a portion of employee contributions. However, beginning in 2019, the Company suspended its match to the 401(k) plan for all U.S. salaried employees. Additionally, during the second quarter of 2020, the Company extended the suspension of its match to the 401(k) plan to also include all U.S. hourly employees.
The Company recognized an expense related to its defined contribution plans of $1 million and $2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $2 million and $7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Note 10 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (AOCL)
Below are the balances and changes in AOCL(1):

(in millions) |  | Currency Translation Adjustments |  | Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges |  | Defined Benefit Pension Items |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2019 |  | $ | (408) |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | (407) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications |  | (15) |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (14) |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) |  | (15) |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (14) |
Balance at September 30, 2020 |  | $ | (423) |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | (421) |

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(in millions) |  | Currency Translation Adjustments |  | Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges |  | Defined Benefit Pension Items |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2018 |  | $ | (426) |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | (425) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications |  | (9) |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | (8) |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | 14 |
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss) |  | 6 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 6 |
Balance at September 30, 2019 |  | $ | (420) |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | (419) |

__________
(1)All amounts are net of tax. Tax effects were immaterial.
Note 11 – Contingencies and Litigation
As more fully discussed below, the Company is involved in a variety of claims, lawsuits, investigations and proceedings concerning a variety of matters, including: governmental entity contracting, servicing and procurement law; intellectual property law; employment law; commercial and contracts law; the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA); and other laws and regulations. The Company determines whether an estimated loss from a contingency should be accrued by assessing whether a loss is deemed probable and can be reasonably estimated. The Company assesses its potential liability by analyzing its litigation, regulatory and other matters using available information. The Company develops its view on estimated losses in consultation with outside counsel handling its defense in these matters, which involves an analysis of potential results, assuming a combination of litigation and settlement strategies. Should developments in any of these matters cause a change in the Company's determination as to an unfavorable outcome and result in the need to recognize a material accrual, or should any of these matters result in a final adverse judgment or be settled for significant amounts in excess of any accrual for such matter or matters, this could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations, cash flows and financial position in the period or periods in which such change in determination, judgment or settlement occurs. The Company believes it has recorded adequate provisions for any such matters as of September 30, 2020. Litigation is inherently unpredictable, and it is not possible to predict the ultimate outcome of these matters and such outcome in any such matters could be in excess of any amounts accrued and could be material to the Company's results of operations, cash flows or financial position in any reporting period.
Additionally, guarantees, indemnifications and claims arise during the ordinary course of business from relationships with suppliers, customers and non-consolidated affiliates when the Company undertakes an obligation to guarantee the performance of others if specified triggering events occur. Nonperformance under a contract could trigger an obligation of the Company. These potential claims include actions based upon alleged exposures to products, real estate, intellectual property such as patents, environmental matters and other indemnifications. The ultimate effect on future financial results is not subject to reasonable estimation because considerable uncertainty exists as to the outcome of these claims. However, while the ultimate liabilities resulting from such claims may be significant to results of operations in the period recognized, management does not anticipate they will have a material adverse effect on the condensed consolidated financial position or liquidity. As of September 30, 2020, the Company had accrued its estimate of liability incurred under its indemnification arrangements and guarantees.
Litigation Against the Company
State of Texas v. Xerox Corporation, Conduent Business Services, LLC (f/k/a Xerox Business Services, LLC), Conduent State Healthcare, LLC (f/k/a Xerox State Healthcare, LLC, f/k/a ACS State Healthcare, LLC) and Conduent Incorporated: On May 9, 2014, the State of Texas, via the Texas Office of Attorney General (the “State”), filed a lawsuit in the 53rd Judicial District Court of Travis County, Texas. The lawsuit alleged that Conduent State Healthcare LLC (f/k/a Xerox State Healthcare, LLC and ACS State Healthcare) (“CSH”), Conduent Business Services LLC (“CBS”) and Conduent Incorporated (“CI”) (collectively, CSH, CBS and CI are referred to herein as the "Conduent Defendants") and Xerox Corporation (together with the Conduent Defendants, the “Defendants”) violated the Texas Medicaid Fraud Prevention Act in the administration of its contract with the Texas Department of Health and Human Services (“HHSC”). In February 2019 a settlement agreement and release was reached among the Defendants, the State and HHSC which was amended in May 2019 ("Texas Agreement"). Pursuant to the terms of the Texas Agreement, the Conduent Defendants were required to pay the State of Texas $236 million, of which $118 million was paid in 2019 and $118 million paid in January 2020. The case has been dismissed with prejudice with a full release and discharge of the Defendants.

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Employees’ Retirement System of the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority et al v. Conduent Inc. et al.: On March 8, 2019, a putative class action lawsuit alleging violations of certain federal securities laws in connection with our statements and alleged omissions regarding our financial guidance and business and operations was filed against us, our former Chief Executive Officer, and our Chief Financial Officer in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey. The complaint seeks certification of a class of all persons who purchased or otherwise acquired our securities from February 21, 2018 through November 6, 2018, and also seeks unspecified monetary damages, costs, and attorneys’ fees. We moved to dismiss the class action complaint in its entirety. In June 2020, the court denied the motion to dismiss and allowed the claims to proceed. We intend to defend the litigation vigorously. The Company maintains insurance that may cover any costs arising out of this litigation up to the insurance limits, and subject to meeting certain deductibles and to other terms and conditions thereof. The Company is not able to determine or predict the ultimate outcome of this proceeding or reasonably provide an estimate or range of estimate of the possible outcome or loss, if any, in excess of currently recorded reserves.
Skyview Capital LLC and Continuum Global Solutions, LLC v. Conduent Business Services, LLC: On February 3, 2020, plaintiffs filed a lawsuit in the Superior Court of New York County, New York. The lawsuit relates to the sale of a portion of CBS's select standalone customer care call center business (the “Business”) to plaintiffs, which sale closed in February 2019. Under the terms of the sale agreement, CBS received approximately $23 million of notes from plaintiffs (the “Notes”). The lawsuit alleges various causes of action in connection with the acquisition, including: indemnification for breach of representation and warranty, indemnification for breach of contract and fraud. Plaintiffs allege that their obligation to mitigate damages and their contractual right of set-off permits them to withhold and deduct from any amounts that are owed to CBS under the Notes, and plaintiffs seek a judgement that they have no obligation to pay the Notes. CBS denies all of these allegations, believes that it has strong defenses to all of plaintiffs’ claims and will vigorously defend itself against these claims. In the third quarter of 2020, CBS filed a counterclaim against Skyview Capital LLC seeking the outstanding balance on the Notes, the amounts owed for the Jamaica deferred closing portion of the sale, and other transition services agreement and late rent payment obligations. The Company is not able to determine or predict the ultimate outcome of this proceeding or reasonably provide an estimate or range of estimate of the possible outcome or loss, if any, in excess of currently recorded reserves.
Dennis Nasrawi v. Buck Consultants et al.: On October 8, 2009, plaintiffs filed a lawsuit in the Superior Court of California, Stanislaus County, and on November 24, 2009, the case was removed to the U.S. Court for the Eastern District of California, Fresno Division. Plaintiffs allege actuarial negligence against Buck Consultants, LLC (“Buck”), which was a wholly-owned subsidiary of Conduent, for the use of faulty actuarial assumptions in connection with the 2007 actuarial valuation for the Stanislaus County Employees Retirement Association (“StanCERA”). Plaintiffs allege that the employer contribution rate adopted by StanCERA based on Buck’s valuation was insufficient to fund the benefits promised by the County. On July 13, 2012, the Court entered its ruling that the plaintiffs lacked standing to sue in a representative capacity on behalf of all plan participants. The Court also ruled that plaintiffs had adequately pleaded their claim that Buck allegedly aided and abetted StanCERA in breaching its fiduciary duty. Plaintiffs then filed their Fifth Amended Complaint and added StanCERA to the litigation. Buck and StanCERA filed demurrers to the amended complaint. On September 13, 2012, the Court sustained both demurrers with prejudice, completely dismissing the matter and barring plaintiffs from refiling their claims. Plaintiffs appealed, and ultimately the California Court of Appeals (Sixth District) reversed the trial court’s ruling and remanded the case back to the trial court as to Buck only, and only with respect to Plaintiffs' claim of aiding and abetting StanCERA in breaching its fiduciary duty. This case has been stayed pending the outcome of parallel litigation the plaintiffs are pursuing against StanCERA. The parallel litigation was tried before the bench in June 2018, and on January 24, 2019, the court found in favor of StanCERA, holding that it had not breached its fiduciary duty to plaintiffs. On April 26, 2019, Plaintiffs in the parallel litigation filed an appeal. This case remains stayed until the parallel litigation is finally concluded. Absent the court finding that StanCERA breached its fiduciary duty, Plaintiffs’ claim against Buck for aiding and abetting said breach would not appear viable. Buck will continue to aggressively defend these lawsuits. In August 2018, Conduent sold Buck Consultants, LLC; however, the Company retained this liability after the sale. The Company is not able to determine or predict the ultimate outcome of this proceeding or reasonably provide an estimate or range of estimate of the possible outcome or loss, if any, in excess of currently recorded reserves.

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Conduent Business Services, LLC v. Cognizant Business Services, LLC: On April 12, 2017, CBS filed a lawsuit against Cognizant Business Services Corporation (“Cognizant”) in the Supreme Court of New York County, New York. The lawsuit relates to the Amended and Restated Master Outsourcing Services Agreement effective as of October 24, 2012, and the service delivery contracts and work orders thereunder, between CBS and Cognizant, as amended and supplemented (the “Contract”). The Contract contains certain minimum purchase obligations by CBS through the date of expiration. The lawsuit alleges that Cognizant committed multiple breaches of the Contract, including Cognizant’s failure to properly perform its obligations as subcontractor to CBS under CBS’s contract with the New York Department of Health to provide Medicaid Management Information Systems. In the lawsuit, CBS seeks damages in excess of $150 million. During the first quarter of 2018, CBS provided notice to Cognizant that it was terminating the Contract for cause and recorded in the same period certain charges associated with the termination. CBS also alleges that it terminated the Contract for cause, because, among other things, Cognizant violated the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Cognizant initially asserted two counterclaims for breach of contract seeking recovery of damages in excess of $47 million, which includes amounts allegedly not paid to Cognizant under the Contract and an alleged $25 million termination fee. CBS has responded to Cognizant’s counterclaims by denying the allegations. Cognizant subsequently filed a second amended counterclaim seeking an additional $43 million to satisfy the minimum revenue commitment attributable to the years 2017-2020, which increased Cognizant's damages claim to approximately $90 million. CBS will continue to vigorously defend itself against the counterclaims but the Company is not able to determine or predict the ultimate outcome of this proceeding or reasonably provide an estimate or range of estimate of the possible outcome or loss, if any, in excess of currently recorded reserves.
Other Matters
Since 2014, Xerox Education Services, Inc. ("XES") has cooperated with several federal and state agencies regarding a variety of matters, including XES' self-disclosure to the U.S. Department of Education (the "Department") and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ("CFPB") that some third-party student loans under outsourcing arrangements for various financial institutions required adjustments. With the exception of an inquiry the Illinois Attorney General's Office commenced in September 2019, the Company has resolved the investigations the CFPB and several state agencies commenced and continues to work with the Department and the U.S. Department of Justice to resolve all outstanding issues, including a number of operational projects that XES discovered and disclosed since 2014. The Company cannot provide assurance that the CFPB, another regulator, a financial institution on behalf of which the Company serviced third-party student loans, or another party will not ultimately commence a legal action against XES in which fines, penalties or other liabilities are sought from XES. The Company is not able to predict the likely outcome of these matters, should any such matter be commenced, or reasonably provide an estimate or range of estimates of any loss in excess of currently recorded reserves. The Company could, in future periods, incur judgments or enter into settlements to resolve these potential matters for amounts in excess of current reserves and there could be a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations, cash flows and financial position in the period in which such change in judgment or settlement occurs.
Other Contingencies
Certain contracts, primarily in the Company's Government Services and Transportation segments, require the Company to provide a surety bond or a letter of credit as a guarantee of performance. As of September 30, 2020, the Company had $601 million of outstanding surety bonds used to secure its performance of contractual obligations with its clients and $86 million of outstanding letters of credit issued to secure the Company's performance of contractual obligations to its clients as well as other corporate obligations. In general, the Company would only be liable for the amount of these guarantees in the event of default in the Company's performance of its obligations under each contract. The Company believes it has sufficient capacity in the surety markets and liquidity from its cash flow and its various credit arrangements (including its Revolver) to allow it to respond to future requests for proposals that require such credit support.

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Note 12 – Preferred Stock
Series A Preferred Stock
In December 2016, the Company issued 120,000 shares of Series A convertible perpetual preferred stock with an aggregate liquidation preference of $120 million and an initial fair value of $142 million. The convertible preferred stock earns quarterly cash dividends at a rate of 8% per year ($9.6 million per year). Each share of convertible preferred stock is convertible at any time, at the option of the holder, into 44.9438 shares of common stock for a total of 5,393,000 shares (reflecting an initial conversion price of approximately $22.25 per share of common stock), subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments.
Note 13 – Earnings per Share
We did not declare any common stock dividends in the periods presented.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share of common stock:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions, except per share data in whole dollars and shares in thousands) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (7) |  |  | $ | (16) |  |  | $ | (107) |  |  | $ | (1,353) |
Dividend - preferred stock |  | (2) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (7) |  |  | (7) |
Adjusted Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Shareholders |  | $ | (9) |  |  | $ | (18) |  |  | $ | (114) |  |  | $ | (1,360) |
Weighted average common shares outstanding |  | 209,244 |  |  | 209,626 |  |  | 209,958 |  |  | 208,741 |
Common shares issuable with respect to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock options |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Restricted stock and performance units / shares |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Adjusted Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding |  | 209,244 |  |  | 209,626 |  |  | 209,958 |  |  | 208,741 |
Net Income (Loss) per Share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | (0.04) |  |  | $ | (0.09) |  |  | $ | (0.54) |  |  | $ | (6.52) |
Diluted |  | $ | (0.04) |  |  | $ | (0.09) |  |  | $ | (0.54) |  |  | $ | (6.52) |

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Note 14 – Supplementary Financial Information
The components of Other assets and liabilities were as follows:

(in millions) |  | September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019
Other Current Assets |  |  |  |
Prepaid expenses |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | 70 |
Income taxes receivable |  | 48 |  |  | 38 |
Value-added tax (VAT) receivable |  | 24 |  |  | 20 |
Restricted cash |  | 8 |  |  | 9 |
Net receivable from buyers of divested businesses |  | 52 |  |  | 52 |
Other |  | 98 |  |  | 94 |
Total Other Current Assets |  | $ | 312 |  |  | $ | 283 |
Other Current Liabilities |  |  |  |
Accrued liabilities |  | $ | 253 |  |  | $ | 309 |
Litigation related accruals |  | 73 |  |  | 178 |
Current operating lease liabilities |  | 81 |  |  | 91 |
Restructure reserves |  | 5 |  |  | 15 |
Income tax payable |  | 9 |  |  | 11 |
Other taxes payable |  | 17 |  |  | 16 |
Other |  | 40 |  |  | 27 |
Total Other Current Liabilities |  | $ | 478 |  |  | $ | 647 |
Other Long-term Assets |  |  |  |
Internal use software, net |  | $ | 158 |  |  | $ | 150 |
Deferred contract costs, net |  | 75 |  |  | 84 |
Product software, net |  | 61 |  |  | 40 |
Capitalized cloud computing implementation costs, net |  | 41 |  |  | 40 |
Other |  | 67 |  |  | 73 |
Total Other Long-term Assets |  | $ | 402 |  |  | $ | 387 |
Other Long-term Liabilities |  |  |  |
Deferred payroll tax related to the CARES Act(1) |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | — |
Income tax liabilities |  | 13 |  |  | 20 |
Unearned income |  | 20 |  |  | 21 |
Restructuring reserves |  | 5 |  |  | 6 |
Other |  | 35 |  |  | 44 |
Total Other Long-term Liabilities |  | $ | 105 |  |  | $ | 91 |

__________
(1)CARES ACT – Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act.

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Note 15 – Related Party Transactions
During the third quarter of 2019, Carl C. Icahn and his affiliates (shareholders) increased their ownership interest in the Company. In the normal course of business, the Company provides services to, and purchases from, certain related parties with the same shareholders. The services provided to these entities included those related to human resources, end-user support and other services and solutions. The purchases from these entities included office equipment and related services and supplies. In addition, we have a receivable related to certain income tax matters with our former parent company, Xerox Corporation. Revenue and purchases from these entities were included in Revenue and Costs of services / Selling, General and administrative, respectively, on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss).
Transactions with related parties were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Revenue from related parties |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 24 |
Purchases from related parties |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 22 |

The Company's receivable and payable balances with related party entities were not material as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
Note 16 – Goodwill
The following table presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by reportable segments:

(in millions) |  | Commercial Industries |  | Government Services |  | Transportation |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2019 |  | $ | 821 |  |  | $ | 621 |  |  | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | 1,502 |
Foreign currency translation |  | 2 |  |  | (3) |  |  | 5 |  |  | 4 |
Balance at September 30, 2020 |  | $ | 823 |  |  | $ | 618 |  |  | $ | 65 |  |  | $ | 1,506 |

In the first, second and third quarters of 2020, the Company performed its ongoing assessment to consider whether events or circumstances had occurred that could more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. After evaluating and weighing all relevant events and circumstances, we concluded that it is not more likely than not that the fair values of any of our reporting units were less than their carrying values. Consequently, we determined that it was not necessary to perform an interim impairment test for any of our reporting units.
To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic continues to disrupt the economic environment, such as a decline in the performance of the reporting units or loss of a significant contract or multiple significant contracts, the fair value of one or more of the reporting units could fall below their carrying value, resulting in a goodwill impairment charge.
In addition, the Company has assessed whether any impairment of its amortizable assets existed and has determined that no charges were deemed necessary under applicable accounting standards as of September 30, 2020.

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ITEM 2 — MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations and financial condition of Conduent Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiaries. MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying Notes.
Overview
As one of the largest business process services companies in the world, Conduent delivers mission-critical ​services and solutions on behalf of businesses and governments – creating exceptional outcomes for its clients and the millions of people who count on them. Through people, process expertise in transaction-intensive processing and technology such as analytics and automation, Conduent's solutions and services create value by improving efficiencies, reducing costs and enabling revenue growth. A majority of Fortune 100 companies and over 500 government entities depend on Conduent every day to manage their business processes and essential interactions with their end-users.
We create value for our clients through efficient service delivery combined with a personalized and seamless experience for the end-user. We apply our expertise, technology and innovation to continually modernize our offerings for improved customer and constituent satisfaction and loyalty, increase process efficiency and respond rapidly to changing market dynamics. Our strategy is to drive portfolio focus, operational discipline, sales and delivery excellence and innovation, complemented by tightly aligned investments. Our differentiated services and solutions improve experiences for millions of people every day.
Headquartered in Florham Park, New Jersey, we have a team of approximately 65,000 associates, including approximately 2,100 furloughed associates as of September 30, 2020, servicing customers from service centers in 24 countries.
Executive Summary
We continue to transform our business through an intense focus on growth, quality, and efficiency – utilizing a programmatic and project management approach. Beginning in the first quarter of 2020 and through the third quarter of 2020, we have expanded the focus of our transformation initiative to include both permanent and temporary cost efficiencies, which we also refer to as a cost reduction program, aimed to offset as much of the COVID-19 related negative impacts as possible.
We intend to drive portfolio focus, operating discipline, sales and delivery excellence and innovation, complemented by tightly aligned investments to achieve this mission and purpose. Our strategy is designed to deliver value by delivering profitable growth, expanding operating margins and deploying a disciplined capital allocation strategy. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, our strategy contributed to the following results:
•Revenue of $1,041 million and $3,108 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. An approximate $3 million favorable impact and $46 million unfavorable impact on revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, was attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic or COVID-19 related effects.
•The approximate effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on our pre-tax income, which includes the net revenue impact and incremental costs, was a loss of $0 million and $52 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. In addition to reductions in certain direct costs, the Company also achieved certain temporary cost savings associated with our cost reduction program of $14 million and $48 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. These temporary cost actions were primarily driven by furloughs, reduced travel, vendor and facilities spend.

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•Strong new business signings results:
◦Another strong quarter of new business total contract value (TCV) signings of $468 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, representing an increase of 100% compared to that of the prior year period and $1,415 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, representing an increase of 80% compared to that of the prior year period.
◦Annual recurring revenue signings of $96 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, up 35% compared to that of the prior year period and $258 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, up 25% compared to that of the prior year period.
•The Company has shown year-over-year operational progress, including a reduction of the number of technology related incidents and outages, improvements in associate satisfaction survey results and increases in bonus payments from customers.
COVID-19 Outbreak
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, we have continued to provide critical and best-in-class services to our customers and their end-users, while ensuring the health and safety of our greatest assets - our associates. To address the potential impact to our business over the near-term, our Business Continuity team established a proactive plan in the first quarter of 2020 that has continued into the second and third quarters, which includes:
•Supporting our associates with a number of specific initiatives, including making improvements to our policies to extend short-term disability, providing extra supplemental sick leave coverage and introducing a hardship leave policy.
•At the end of the third quarter of 2020, approximately 75% of our workforce had been shifted to work-from-home. We will start a slow and measured approach to bringing associates back to Conduent offices, as appropriate. This will be a phased process and based on the specific COVID-19 conditions in certain geographies, as well as, business requirements.
•Increased sanitation and social distancing for required on-site essential associates.
•Draw down on our Senior Revolving Credit Facility (Revolver) as a precautionary measure.
In addition, the Company’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic has also resulted in diversion of management's time and delayed investments from strategic, transformational and technology initiatives which had been planned.
As the crisis continues, we may revise our approach to these initiatives or take additional actions to meet the needs of our employees, customers and their end-users and the Company to continue to provide our mission-critical ​services and solutions.
Refer to the discussion of results of operations below for additional estimated quantification and discussion of COVID-19 pandemic related effects.

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Financial Review of Operations

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | 2020 vs. 2019
($ in millions) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Revenue |  | $ | 1,041 |  |  | $ | 1,098 |  |  | $ | (57) |  |  | (5) | %
Operating Costs and Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services (excluding depreciation and amortization) |  | 779 |  |  | 859 |  |  | (80) |  |  | (9) | %
Selling, general and administrative (excluding depreciation and amortization) |  | 122 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 9 | %
Research and development (excluding depreciation and amortization) |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | (1) |  |  | (100) | %
Depreciation and amortization |  | 112 |  |  | 115 |  |  | (3) |  |  | (3) | %
Restructuring and related costs |  | 20 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 150 | %
Interest expense |  | 14 |  |  | 20 |  |  | (6) |  |  | (30) | %
Goodwill impairment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0 | %
(Gain) loss on divestitures and transaction costs |  | 8 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 167 | %
Litigation costs (recoveries), net |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | (2) |  |  | (100) | %
Other (income) expenses, net |  | (1) |  |  | (8) |  |  | 7 |  |  | (88) | %
Total Operating Costs and Expenses |  | 1,054 |  |  | 1,112 |  |  | (58) |  |  |
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes |  | (13) |  |  | (14) |  |  | 1 |  |  |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | (6) |  |  | 2 |  |  | (8) |  |  |
Net Income (Loss) |  | $ | (7) |  |  | $ | (16) |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  |

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | 2020 vs. 2019
($ in millions) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
Revenue |  | $ | 3,108 |  |  | $ | 3,368 |  |  | $ | (260) |  |  | (8) | %
Operating Costs and Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services (excluding depreciation and amortization) |  | 2,406 |  |  | 2,644 |  |  | (238) |  |  | (9) | %
Selling, general and administrative (excluding depreciation and amortization) |  | 349 |  |  | 360 |  |  | (11) |  |  | (3) | %
Research and development (excluding depreciation and amortization) |  | 1 |  |  | 6 |  |  | (5) |  |  | (83) | %
Depreciation and amortization |  | 344 |  |  | 342 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1 | %
Restructuring and related costs |  | 56 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 12 | %
Interest expense |  | 46 |  |  | 60 |  |  | (14) |  |  | (23) | %
Goodwill impairment |  | — |  |  | 1,351 |  |  | (1,351) |  |  | (100) | %
(Gain) loss on divestitures and transaction costs |  | 14 |  |  | 19 |  |  | (5) |  |  | (26) | %
Litigation costs (recoveries), net |  | 20 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 33 | %
Other (income) expenses, net |  | — |  |  | (8) |  |  | 8 |  |  | (100) | %
Total Operating Costs and Expenses |  | 3,236 |  |  | 4,839 |  |  | (1,603) |  |  |
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes |  | (128) |  |  | (1,471) |  |  | 1,343 |  |  |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | (21) |  |  | (118) |  |  | 97 |  |  |
Net Income (Loss) |  | $ | (107) |  |  | $ | (1,353) |  |  | $ | 1,246 |  |  |

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Revenue
Revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 decreased, compared to the prior year periods, primarily due to lost business and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic across our Commercial Industries and our Transportation segments. These were partially offset by higher revenue due to COVID-19 related to increased volumes in our Government Services Solutions service offering within our Government Services segment and the ramp of new business.
Cost of Services (excluding depreciation and amortization)
Cost of services for the three months ended September 30, 2020 decreased, compared to the prior year period, driven by loss of business and lower volumes as well as our cost reduction program, which led to reductions in information technology, labor and real estate costs. Also contributing to the decline were lower costs to support volume loss resulting from the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cost of services for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 decreased, compared to the prior year period, mainly driven by loss of business, lower volumes, our cost reduction program, which led to reductions in information technology, labor and real estate costs, as well as divestitures completed in the first quarter of 2019. Also contributing to the decline were lower costs to support volume loss resulting from the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The net impact to costs on our business due to the COVID-19 pandemic was an approximate $11 million and $42 million decrease for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. Included in this net impact were $14 million and $48 million of temporary cost savings associated with our cost reduction program. These temporary cost actions were primarily driven by furloughs, reduced travel, vendor and facilities spend. These cost reductions are split between Costs of services and Selling, general, and administrative.
Selling, General and Administrative (SG&A) (excluding depreciation and amortization)
SG&A for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased, compared to the prior year period, driven by increase in management incentive compensation due to certain business results meeting or exceeding internal targets, partially offset by our cost reduction program, which led to reductions in real estate, corporate overhead and labor costs, as well as temporary savings from lower travel expenses.
Lower SG&A for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the prior year period, was driven by divested SG&A expenses as well as our cost reduction program, which led to the reductions in real estate, corporate overhead and labor costs.
Restructuring and Related Costs
We engage in a series of restructuring programs related to optimizing our employee base, reducing our real estate
footprint, exiting certain activities, outsourcing certain internal functions, consolidating our data centers and engaging in other actions designed to reduce our cost structure and improve productivity. Additionally, during the latter part of the first quarter of 2020, the Company began an expanded cost transformation program to partially offset the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, also referred to as our cost reduction program. This resulted in increased Restructuring and related costs for the three months ended September 30, 2020. This included the elimination of approximately 300 positions and closure of approximately 5 facilities. The following are the components of our Restructuring and related costs:

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|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Severance and related costs |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 17 |
Data center consolidation |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | 18 |
Termination, asset impairment and other costs |  | 6 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 13 |
Total net current period charges |  | 18 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 48 |
Consulting and other costs(1) |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | 2 |
Restructuring and related costs |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | 50 |

___________
(1)Represents professional support costs associated with our strategic transformation program.
Refer to Note 5 – Restructuring Programs and Related Costs to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding our restructuring programs.
Interest Expense
Interest expense represents interest on long-term debt and the amortization of debt issuance costs. The decrease in Interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the prior year periods, was driven primarily by lower interest rates, partially offset by a higher average debt balance that resulted from the $150 million withdrawn from our Senior Revolving Credit Facility (Revolver) in March 2020. Refer to Note 6 – Debt in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Goodwill Impairment
There were no goodwill impairment charges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. The goodwill impairment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 related to the write-down of the carrying values of all the Company's reporting units.
(Gain) Loss on Divestitures and Transaction Costs
The costs included in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 consist of professional fees related to the strategic review by the Company's Board of Directors and reserves for certain divestiture related litigation. The costs included in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 consist of $5 million of changes in estimates related to losses on divestitures, $2 million related to a loss on sale of assets and $12 million of transaction and related costs, $4 million of which relates to costs to remediate Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards compliance issues related to the sale of select standalone customer care contracts to Skyview Capital LLC.
Litigation Costs (Recoveries), Net
Net litigation costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 primarily consist of reserves for various matters that are subject to litigation and costs related to certain reimbursement matters with our former parent company, Xerox Corporation. Net litigation costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 primarily consist of the $13 million expense related to the Texas litigation.
Refer to Note 11 – Contingencies and Litigation to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Income Taxes
On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) was signed into law. The CARES Act provides for various tax relief and tax incentive measures, which are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's income tax provision. The payment of the employer share of payroll taxes for the remainder of 2020 will be deferred to 2021 and 2022 under the CARES Act, which will provide a temporary operating cash flow benefit.

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The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was 46.2%, compared to (14.3)% for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The September 30, 2020 rate was higher than the U.S. statutory rate of 21%, primarily due to the geographic mix of income, the election of the high tax exception for Global Intangible Low Tax Income (GILTI), an increase in the U.S. federal tax credits and a benefit attributable to the 2019 return to provision adjustment, partially offset by audit adjustments. The effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2019 was lower than the U.S. statutory rate of 21%, primarily due to pre-tax loss, tax from the geographic mix of income and the inclusion of GILTI.
Excluding the impact of true up for divestitures, amortization of intangible assets, restructuring costs and certain discrete tax items, the normalized effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was 23.0%. The normalized effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2019 of 28.8% was predominantly impacted by the exclusion of the impact of divestitures, charges for amortization of intangible assets and restructuring costs.
The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was 16.4%, compared to 8.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The September 30, 2020 rate was lower than the U.S. statutory rate of 21%, primarily due to the geographic mix of income, increase in valuation allowances, audit adjustments and tax charges recognized on the vesting of employee equity awards, partially offset by an increase in the U.S. federal tax credits and a benefit attributable to the 2019 return to provision adjustment. The September 30, 2019 rate was lower than the U.S. statutory rate of 21%, primarily due to the goodwill impairment charge being partially non-deductible for tax and the geographic mix of income, partially offset by U.S. federal tax credits and tax benefits recognized on the sale of a portfolio of select standalone customer care contracts to Skyview Capital LLC.
Excluding the impact of the true up for divestitures, amortization of intangible assets, restructuring costs and certain discrete tax items, the normalized effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was 27.4%. The normalized effective tax rate of 31.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, was predominantly impacted by the goodwill impairment, divestitures, the Texas litigation reserve, charges for amortization of intangible assets and restructuring costs.
The Company believes it is reasonably possible that unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $13 million will reverse within 12 months due to an anticipated audit settlement.
Operations Review of Segment Revenue and Profit
In the first quarter of 2020, we realigned our sales organization and certain shared IT and other allocated functions to reflect how we currently manage our business.
In the third quarter of 2020, in order to provide greater visibility into the profitability of our segments, certain costs that were previously included in the Shared IT/Infrastructure and Corporate Costs (now referred to as Unallocated Costs) are being allocated to each of the reportable segments. All prior periods presented have been recast to reflect these changes.
Our financial performance is based on Segment Profit/(Loss) and Segment Adjusted EBITDA for the following three segments:
•Commercial Industries,
•Government Services, and
•Transportation.
Other includes our divestitures and our Student Loan business, which the Company exited in the third quarter of 2018.
Unallocated Costs includes IT infrastructure costs that are shared by multiple reportable segments, enterprise application costs and certain corporate overhead expenses not directly attributable or allocated to our reportable segments.

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We continue to modernize a significant portion of our infrastructure with new systems and processes and consolidate our data centers as part of our transformation initiatives. There is a risk, however, that our modernization efforts and data center consolidations could materially and adversely disrupt our operations. In addition, the Company’s COVID-19 response has also resulted in diversion of management's time and delayed investments from strategic, transformational and technology initiatives which had been planned. See Part I, Item 1A – Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 and Part II, Item 1A – Risk Factors of this Form 10-Q for additional information.
Results of financial performance by segment were:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) |  | Commercial Industries |  | Government Services |  | Transportation |  | Other |  | Unallocated Costs |  | Total
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Divestitures |  | Other |  |  |  |
Revenue |  | $ | 518 |  |  | $ | 348 |  |  | $ | 175 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,041 |
Segment profit (loss) |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 122 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | (98) |  |  | $ | 88 |
Segment depreciation and amortization |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 53 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | 128 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | (84) |  |  | $ | 141 |
% of Total Revenue |  | 49.8 | % |  | 33.4 | % |  | 16.8 | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | 100.0 | %
Adjusted EBITDA Margin |  | 10.8 | % |  | 36.8 | % |  | 20.0 | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | 13.5 | %
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue |  | $ | 578 |  |  | $ | 319 |  |  | $ | 201 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,098 |
Segment profit (loss) |  | $ | 60 |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (83) |  |  | $ | 72 |
Segment depreciation and amortization |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 55 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 87 |  |  | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | 34 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (71) |  |  | $ | 127 |
% of Total Revenue |  | 52.6 | % |  | 29.1 | % |  | 18.3 | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | 100.0 | %
Adjusted EBITDA Margin |  | 15.1 | % |  | 24.1 | % |  | 16.9 | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | 11.6 | %

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|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) |  | Commercial Industries |  | Government Services |  | Transportation |  | Other |  | Unallocated Costs |  | Total
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Divestitures |  | Other |  |  |  |
Revenue |  | $ | 1,610 |  |  | $ | 969 |  |  | $ | 529 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,108 |
Segment profit (loss) |  | $ | 99 |  |  | $ | 282 |  |  | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | (258) |  |  | $ | 188 |
Segment depreciation and amortization |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 166 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 178 |  |  | $ | 301 |  |  | $ | 83 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (217) |  |  | $ | 347 |
% of Total Revenue |  | 51.8 | % |  | 31.2 | % |  | 17.0 | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | 100.0 | %
Adjusted EBITDA Margin |  | 11.1 | % |  | 31.1 | % |  | 15.7 | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | 11.2 | %
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue |  | $ | 1,782 |  |  | $ | 970 |  |  | $ | 579 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,368 |
Segment profit (loss) |  | $ | 198 |  |  | $ | 202 |  |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (251) |  |  | $ | 200 |
Segment depreciation and amortization |  | $ | 76 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 160 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 274 |  |  | $ | 226 |  |  | $ | 81 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (218) |  |  | $ | 364 |
% of Total Revenue |  | 52.9 | % |  | 28.8 | % |  | 17.2 | % |  | 1.1 | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | 100.0 | %
Adjusted EBITDA Margin |  | 15.4 | % |  | 23.3 | % |  | 14.0 | % |  | 2.8 | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | 10.8 | %

Commercial Industries Segment
Revenue
Commercial Industries revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2020 decreased, compared to the prior year period, due to COVID-19 related volume declines and interest rate impact in our BenefitWallet business and prior year lost business. For the three months ended September 30, 2020, approximately $48 million of the revenue decline in the Commercial Industries segment was attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic or COVID-19 related effects. This was primarily due to the following year-over-year changes: 1) lower transaction processing volumes for client in the auto, dental and financial services industries within our Business Operations Solutions (BOS) service offering, 2) reduced workers compensation claims and commercial healthcare claims processing in our Commercial Healthcare Solutions (CHS) service offering, 3) reduced revenue from BenefitWallet in our HRS service offering, as a result of interest rate reductions and 4) a slightly reduced call volumes within our CXM service offering across travel and retail clients.
Commercial Industries revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 decreased, compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by loss of business, as well as COVID 19 related volume declines and interest rate impact. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, approximately $99 million of the revenue decline in the Commercial Industries segment was directly attributable to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Segment Profit and Adjusted EBITDA
Decreases in the Commercial Industries segment profit and adjusted EBITDA margin for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the prior year period, were mainly driven by overall revenue declines, the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and a certain non-recurring client item, partially offset by reductions from our cost reduction program.
Decreases in the Commercial Industries segment profit and adjusted EBITDA margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the prior year period, were mainly driven by overall revenue declines, the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and exit costs from prior year contract losses, partially offset by reductions from our cost reduction program.

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Government Services Segment
Revenue
Government Services revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased, compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by ramp of new business, volume increases and COVID-19 related volume increases. These increases were partially offset by prior year contract losses. For the three months ended September 30, 2020, approximately $68 million of the revenue increase in the Government Services segment was attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic or COVID-19 related effects. This was largely driven by the following year-over-year changes: 1) increases in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) volumes and Pandemic SNAP volumes, 2) an increase in the number of citizens to which we distribute unemployment insurance benefits, and 3) one month of the additional unemployment insurance benefit distributions under the CARES Act. Within the unemployment benefit business, we generate revenue based on the amount of spending by card holders.
Government Services revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 decreased, compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by contract losses, partially offset by ramp up of new business, volume increases and COVID-19 related volume increases in the second and third quarters of 2020. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, approximately $114 million of revenue in the Government Services segment was attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic or COVID-19 related effects.
Segment Profit and Adjusted EBITDA
Increases in the Government Services segment profit and adjusted EBITDA margin for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the prior year period, were mainly driven by increased revenue and reductions from our cost reduction program.
Increases in the Government Services segment profit and adjusted EBITDA margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the prior year period, were mainly driven by reductions from our cost reduction program.
Transportation Segment
Revenue
Transportation revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2020 decreased, compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by one-time equipment sales in the prior year and COVID-19 related impacts, partially offset by the ramp of new business. For the three months ended September 30, 2020, approximately $17 million of the revenue decline in the Transportation segment was attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic or COVID-19 related effects. The COVID-19 related impacts were primarily driven by volume pressure in Curbside Management Solutions service offering and project delays in the Transit Solutions and Public Safety service offerings.
Transportation revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 decreased, compared to the prior year period, primarily driven by loss of business and COVID-19 related impact, partially offset by the ramp of new business. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, approximately $61 million of the revenue decline in the Transportation segment was attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic or COVID-19 related effects. The COVID-19 related impacts were primarily driven by volume pressure in the Roadway Charging & Management Services and Curbside Management Solutions service offerings and project delays in the Transit Solutions service offering.
Segment Profit and Adjusted EBITDA
Transportation segment profit and adjusted EBITDA margin for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased, compared to the prior year periods, mainly driven by reductions from our cost reduction program, partially offset by overall revenue declines and the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Other
Segment Profit (Loss) and Adjusted EBITDA
Increase in Other segment profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the prior year period, was primarily due to the adjustment to the remaining California Medicaid Management Information System settlement liability of $7 million as a result of the contract expiration in March 2020. This benefit was removed from adjusted EBITDA for segment reporting purposes due to its non-recurring nature.
Unallocated Costs
Unallocated Costs for the three months ended September 30, 2020 increased, compared to the prior year period. This was primarily driven by the accrual for management incentive compensation due to certain business results meeting or exceeding internal targets and a one-time COVID-19 related item, partially offset by efficiencies created by our cost reduction program.
Unallocated Costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was flat, compared to the prior year period. This was primarily driven by the efficiencies created by our cost reduction program, offset by an increase in shared infrastructure related IT due to some discrete non-recurring credits benefiting the prior year, as well as increased costs incurred due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and increase in management incentive compensation due to certain business results meeting or exceeding internal targets.
Metrics
Signings
Signings are defined as estimated future revenues from contracts signed during the period, including renewals of existing contracts. TCV is the estimated total contractual revenue related to signed contracts, excluding the impact of divested business as required.
Total signings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 increased, compared to the prior year periods, driven by increases in new business and renewal TCV signings. TCV signings are defined as estimated future revenues from contracts signed during the period, including renewals of existing contracts.
For the three months ended September 30, 2020, the Company signed $468 million of new business, representing a 100% increase compared to the prior year period. Renewal TCV for the three months ended September 30, 2020 was $745 million, an increase of 46% compared to the prior year period. The Company continues to build the size and strength of the newly centralized sales team.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company signed $1,415 million of new business, representing 80% increase compared to the prior year period. Renewal TCV for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $2,172 million, an increase of 26% compared to the prior year period.
The amounts in the following table exclude divestitures.

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | 2020 vs. 2019
($ in millions) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
New business TCV |  | $ | 468 |  |  | $ | 234 |  |  | $ | 234 |  |  | 100 | %
Renewals TCV |  | 745 |  |  | 512 |  |  | 233 |  |  | 46 | %
Total Signings |  | $ | 1,213 |  |  | $ | 746 |  |  | $ | 467 |  |  | 63 | %
Annual recurring revenue signings(1) |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 71 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | 35 | %
Non-recurring revenue signings(2) |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | 35 | %

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|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | 2020 vs. 2019
($ in millions) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | $ Change |  | % Change
New Business TCV |  | $ | 1,415 |  |  | $ | 787 |  |  | $ | 628 |  |  | 80 | %
Renewals TCV |  | 2,172 |  |  | 1,724 |  |  | 448 |  |  | 26 | %
Total Signings |  | $ | 3,587 |  |  | $ | 2,511 |  |  | $ | 1,076 |  |  | 43 | %
Annual recurring revenue signings(1) |  | $ | 258 |  |  | $ | 207 |  |  | $ | 51 |  |  | 25 | %
Non-recurring revenue signings(2) |  | $ | 178 |  |  | $ | 124 |  |  | $ | 54 |  |  | 44 | %

___________
(1)Recurring revenue signings are for new business contracts longer than one year.
(2)Non-recurring revenue signings are for contracts shorter than one year.
The total new business pipeline at the end of both September 30, 2020 and 2019 was $22.0 billion, respectively. Total new business pipeline is defined as total new business TCV pipeline of deals in all sell stages. This extends past the next twelve-month period to include total pipeline, excluding the impact of divested business as required.
Critical Accounting Policies
COVID-19 Outbreak
The Company is experiencing disruptions to its business, costs, operations, supply chain, and customer demand for its services and solutions due to the rapid and widening spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. While we experienced expansion of volumes and revenues in some of our service offerings, mainly increases in certain government subsidy programs such as SNAP and Unemployment Insurance, these were more than offset by declines in retail call volumes, large banking, healthcare, automotive and other client volume declines in transaction processing, interest rate exposure in our BenefitWallet business, declines in our tolling business, which is part of our Transit solutions service offering, and our Curbside management solutions volume, among other challenges. We expect similar challenges and potential declines in volume ahead of us, but we also anticipate other factors to offset these declines such as leveraging automation, focusing on temporary and long-term cost solutions through re-engineering our operating model and leveraging our work-from-home infrastructure.
The Company also continues to monitor the potential effect on the carrying values of certain assets. These foregoing factors and other factors, which may worsen, can be expected to have a material adverse effect on our business, operations, financial results and capital resources. The ultimate effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on us is highly uncertain and subject to change and will depend on future developments, which cannot be accurately predicted, including the duration of the pandemic, additional or modified government actions, new information that will emerge concerning the severity and effects of COVID-19 and the actions taken to contain the pandemic or address its impact in the short and long term, among others. We do not yet know and cannot predict the full extent of potential impacts on our business, our services and business offerings or our operating results, financial condition and cash flow. Management uses significant judgment in determining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its financial results for the current period and for any future periods. Changes in management's assumptions and judgment relating to the impact of COVID-19 could significantly affect the amounts disclosed in the MD&A – Financial Review of Operations and the MD&A – Operations Review of Segment Revenue and Profit, as the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic remains ongoing. For additional information on various COVID-19 impacts, uncertainties and risks, see Part I, Item 1A – Risk Factors included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K), as updated by our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 and June 30, 2020.

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Capital Resources and Liquidity
As of September 30, 2020, and December 31, 2019, total cash and cash equivalents were $488 million and $496 million, respectively. The Company also has a $750 million Revolver for its various cash needs, of which $150 million was drawn in March 2020 as a precautionary measure in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and $8 million issued for letters of credit. The net amount available to be drawn upon under our Revolver as of September 30, 2020, was $592 million.
Pursuant to the terms of the State of Texas Agreement, the Company was required to pay the State of Texas $236 million, of which $118 million was paid in 2019 and $118 million paid in January 2020. The case has been dismissed with prejudice with a full release and discharge of the Company. Refer to Note 11 – Contingencies and Litigation to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
As of September 30, 2020, our total long-term debt outstanding was $1.7 billion of which $78 million was due within one year. Refer to Note 6 – Debt in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional debt information.
In order to provide financial flexibility and finance certain investments and projects, we may continue to utilize external financing arrangements. However, we believe that our cash on hand, projected cash flow from operations, sound balance sheet and revolving line of credit will continue to provide sufficient financial resources to meet our expected business obligations for at least the next twelve months.
Cash Flow Analysis
The following table summarizes our cash flows, as reported in our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements:

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Better (Worse)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  | $ | (11) |  |  | $ | (216) |  |  | $ | 205 |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |  | $ | (92) |  |  | $ | (253) |  |  | 161 |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  | $ | 99 |  |  | $ | (60) |  |  | 159 |

Historically the Company generates the majority of its cash from operating activities in the latter part of the year.
Operating activities
The net improvement in cash used in operating activities of $205 million, compared to the prior year period, was primarily related to accelerated collections of Accounts receivable of $49 million, timing of payments of Accounts payable and other current liabilities of $40 million, lower net cash income tax payments of $39 million, the deferral of payroll taxes allowed by the CARES Act of $32 million, lower management incentive payments and the impact of lower headcount on payroll of $28 million and other working capital changes of $17 million.
Investing activities
The decrease in cash used in investing activities of $161 million was primarily due to decreased spending for capital expenditures and the absence of the HSP acquisition which occurred in the first quarter of 2019 and lower divestiture payments.
Financing activities
The increase in cash from financing activities was primarily related to the $150 million draw down from our $750 million Revolver and lower tax payment related stock compensation payments of $9 million.

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Market Risk Management
We are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency exchange rates which could affect operating results, financial position and cash flows. We manage our exposure to these market risks through our regular operating and financing activities and, when appropriate, through the use of derivative financial instruments. We may utilize derivative financial instruments to hedge economic exposures, as well as to reduce earnings and cash flow volatility resulting from shifts in market rates. We also may hedge the cost to fund material non-dollar entities by buying currencies periodically in advance of the funding date. This is accounted for using derivative accounting.
Recent market and economic events, including the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, have not caused us to materially modify nor change our financial risk management strategies with respect to our exposures to foreign currency risk. Refer to Note 7 – Financial Instruments in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion on our financial risk management.
ITEM 3 — QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The information set forth under the “Market Risk Management” section in Item 2 of this Form 10-Q is hereby incorporated by reference in answer to this Item. During the reporting period, there have been no material changes to the quantitative and qualitative disclosures regarding our market risk set forth in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 4 — CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
(a)Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company’s management evaluated, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ("Exchange Act"), as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information we are required to disclose in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms relating to the Company, including our consolidated subsidiaries, and was accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
(b) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2020, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1 — LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The information set forth under Note 11 – Contingencies and Litigation in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference in answer to this Item.
ITEM 1A — RISK FACTORS
Reference is made to the Risk Factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A of our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Below are additions to our risk factors as previously reported in our 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Supplemental Risk Factor
In light of recent developments relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company is supplementing the risk factors previously disclosed in Item 1A of its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 27, 2020, to include the following risk factor:
Our business has been and will continue to be negatively impacted by the ongoing coronavirus pandemic.
Beginning in late 2019, the outbreak of a novel strain of virus named SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), or coronavirus, which causes coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19, has evolved into a global pandemic and has spread to most regions of the world.
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have experienced and can be expected to continue to experience disruptions to our business, our operations, the delivery of our services and customer demand for our services and business offerings, including:
•Social distancing, shelter-in-place and stay-at-home requirements and guidance of national, regional, state and local governments have required that substantial services being performed by us for our customers be shifted to work-from-home alternatives, which have created added burdens, risks and costs, including but not limited to: the added cost and uncertainty created by a significant change in our delivery model; delays and disruptions resulting from organizing and implementing work-from-home solutions, particularly in our lower cost geographies, such as India and the Philippines, which have not in the past generally permitted or accommodated work-from-home alternatives; customer protocols not allowing, without express customer waiver or permission, work-from-home alternatives, due to sensitivity of customer data, inclusion of personally identifiable information, cybersecurity and data security concerns, and other factors; delays and disruptions in providing customer services which may adversely affect our reputation and may in the future result in failure to satisfy customer contract requirements and other noncompliance issues; challenges in and cost of equipping work-from-home solutions with appropriate technology equipment and software, with suitable security protections; potential for increased cybersecurity and other data security issues; compliance with legal, regulatory, industry and customer standards and specifications; and increased logistical issues resulting from unexpected shift in service delivery model. As a result of these and other factors related to work-from-home solutions, we have experienced and can be expected to continue to experience delays and disruptions and an adverse impact on our business, operations, costs, satisfaction of customer requirements and operating results and financial condition.

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•The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted and may be expected to continue to adversely impact customer demand for our services and business offerings. Many of our customers have experienced and will continue to experience substantial disruption in their own operations. In addition, many of our governmental and non-governmental customers have been allocating resources and management attention away from the ordinary conduct of their business and toward responding to COVID-19 related emergent events. Our sales and marketing personnel are also largely required to perform their services via virtual or other telecommunication alternatives, rather than in-person interactions. The COVID-19 pandemic has also resulted in greater customer uncertainty in their short-term and longer-term needs. In addition, under certain contracts we earn revenues based on the number of transactions processed, such as, for example, certain transportation and credit card processing arrangements where the number of transactions has decreased due to the COVID-19 pandemic. These and other pandemic-related factors have and will continue to adversely impact revenues, sales, new business opportunities, pricing and our sales pipeline.
•Further, our management has been focused on mitigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has required and will continue to require a substantial investment of time and resources across our enterprise. This has resulted and can be expected to continue to result in a diversion of management attention, resources and previously planned investments away from strategic, transformational and technology initiatives which had been intended to improve customer demand, new business opportunities, business retention, service delivery, potential divestitures or acquisitions, and the overall profitability of our business and we cannot predict how long this may continue.
•Our government contracts are often subject to a government entity’s right to change the scope of work or to terminate their project for funding reasons or at their convenience. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its current and future impact on governments, budgets and resources, we may experience government contracts’ reductions or terminations.
•We are a leading provider of business processing services concentrated on transaction-intensive processing including financial transactions. If we fail to satisfy a customer’s requirements or specifications, we could incur additional costs to address such dissatisfaction or on account of such deficiency as well as receive notice of termination. The COVID-19 pandemic has had and can be expected to continue to have an impact on compliance and non-interruption of service under certain customer contractual requirements, and certain customer relationships can be expected to be adversely impacted, in addition to our incurring added costs in response to any deficiency.
•The COVID-19 pandemic may have had and may continue to have an adverse impact on the operations, financial results and finances of many of our customers, which could impact customer payment cycles and payments due from customers.
•We rely on third parties to provide technology, other services and products we need to operate our business. Delays or interruption in the operations of third parties on which we rely may result in disruptions in our own operations and fulfillment of our customers’ requirements.
•The economic downturn could also result in the carrying value of our goodwill or other intangible assets exceeding their fair value, which could require us to recognize further asset impairment.
•We also cannot predict the impact of remote working arrangements on our internal systems and normal administrative services.

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•To the extent we draw under our credit facility, our debt would increase. Such increase in our level of debt could adversely affect our financial results or ability to incur additional debt and could negatively impact our credit ratings. In addition, as a result of the risks described above, we may be required to raise additional debt or equity financing, and our access to and cost of financing will depend on, among other things, global economic conditions, conditions in the global financing markets, the availability of sufficient amounts of financing, our prospects, our credit ratings, and the outlook for our industry as a whole. If, as a result of COVID-19, credit agencies downgrade our credit ratings, or general market conditions were to ascribe higher risk to our credit rating levels, our access to capital and cost of debt financing may be negatively impacted and certain of our existing commercial agreements may require us to post collateral; the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic could also negatively impact our compliance with our financial covenants under our credit facilities. In addition, the terms of future debt agreements could include more restrictive covenants.
•The trading prices for our common shares and the securities of other companies in our industry have been highly volatile as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and a recession, depression or other sustained adverse market event resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic could materially and adversely affect the financial markets, the value of our common shares and our ability to obtain equity or debt financing on favorable or acceptable terms.
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to rapidly evolve, and additional material impacts and disruptions are likely to occur. These and other factors, which may worsen, can be expected to have a material adverse impact on our business, operations, financial results and capital resources. The ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on us is highly uncertain and subject to change and will depend on future developments, which cannot be accurately predicted, including the duration of the pandemic, additional or modified government actions, new information that will emerge concerning the severity and impact of COVID-19 and the actions taken to contain COVID-19 or address its impact in the short and long term, among others. We do not yet know and cannot predict the full extent of potential impacts on our business, our services and business offerings or our operating results and financial condition.
Please also refer to the complete Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 27, 2020 for additional risks and uncertainties facing the Company, any of which risks and uncertainties can be expected to be further heightened by the COVID-19 pandemic and have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations and capital resources.
ITEM 2 — UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
(a)Sales of Unregistered Securities during the Quarter ended September 30, 2020
During the quarter ended September 30, 2020, the Company did not issue any securities in transactions that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
(b)Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities during the Quarter ended September 30, 2020
None.

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ITEM 6 — EXHIBITS

3.1 |  | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant filed with the Department of the State of New York on December 31, 2016.
|  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 23, 2016.
3.2 |  | Amended and Restated By-Laws of Registrant as amended through December 31, 2016.
|  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Registrants Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 23, 2016.
31(a) |  | Certification of CEO pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a).
31(b) |  | Certification of CFO pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a).
32 |  | Certification of CEO and CFO pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Linkbase.
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

CONDUENT INCORPORATED (Registrant)
By: | /S/ BRIAN J. WEBB-WALSH
| Brian J. Webb-Walsh Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

Date: November 5, 2020

|  | CNDT Q3 2020 Form 10-Q

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