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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the consolidated accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, RAPT Therapeutics Australia Pty Ltd., which was established in 2018. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its critical accounting policies or estimates related to revenue recognition, clinical trial accruals, fair value of assets and liabilities and stock-based compensation. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and market-specific or other relevant assumptions that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances. The amounts of assets and liabilities reported in the Company’s balance sheets and the amounts of expenses and revenue reported for each of the periods presented are affected by estimates and assumptions. Actual results could differ from such estimates or assumptions. Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties The Company is subject to a number of risks similar to other biopharmaceutical companies in the early stage, including, but not limited to, the need to obtain adequate additional funding, possible failure of preclinical testing or clinical trials, the need to obtain marketing approval for its product candidates, competitors developing new technological innovations, the need to successfully commercialize and gain market acceptance of the Company’s products and protection of proprietary technology. If the Company does not successfully obtain regulatory approval, commercialize or partner any of its product candidates, it will be unable to generate revenue from product sales or achieve profitability. Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to a concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities. Substantially all the Company’s cash is held by two financial institutions. Such deposits may, at times, exceed federally insured limits. The Company invests its cash equivalents in highly rated money market funds and short-term marketable securities comprising commercial paper, corporate bonds and U.S. government agency securities. Segments The Company operates as a single operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker, its President and Chief Executive Officer, manages the Company’s operations on a consolidated basis for the purposes of allocating resources, making operating decisions and evaluating financial performance. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amount of the Company’s financial instruments, including certain prepaid and accrued expenses, approximates fair value due to their short-term maturities. Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Marketable Securities Marketable securities primarily consist of commercial paper, corporate bonds and U.S. government agency securities. The Company has classified its marketable securities as available-for-sale and may sell these securities prior to their stated maturities. The Company views these marketable securities as available to support current operations and classifies marketable securities with maturities beyond 12 months as current assets. The Company’s marketable securities are stated at estimated fair value, which is derived from independent pricing sources based on quoted prices in active markets for similar securities. Unrealized gains and losses are reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax. The amortized cost of marketable securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity, which is included in other income, net on the consolidated statements of operations. Property and Equipment Property and equipment consist of computer equipment, laboratory equipment, leasehold improvements and furniture and fixtures, and is recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the improvements. Depreciation and amortization begin at the time the asset is placed in service. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Upon sale or retirement of assets, the cost and related accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the balance sheet and the resulting gain or loss is reflected in the results of operations. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment annually or more frequently whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is measured by comparing the carrying amount of each asset to the future undiscounted cash flows the asset is expected to generate over its remaining life. If the asset is considered to be impaired, the amount of any impairment is measured as the difference between the carrying value and the fair value of the impaired asset. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company did not record any impairment losses on long-lived assets. Leases The Company leases office space and laboratory facilities under non-cancelable operating lease agreements and recognizes related rent expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Funding of leasehold improvements by the Company’s landlord is accounted for as a tenant improvement allowance and recorded as current and non-current deferred rent liabilities and amortized on a straight-line basis as a reduction of rent expense over the term of the lease. Revenue License and collaborative agreements consist of license, milestone and royalty payments generated through agreements with strategic partners for the development and commercialization of certain product candidates. The terms of an agreement may include a non-refundable upfront fee, payments based upon achievement of milestones and royalties on net product sales. If a portion of the nonrefundable upfront fee or other payments received is allocated to continuing performance obligations under the terms of an agreement, such portion is recorded as deferred revenue and recognized as revenue when (or as) the underlying performance obligation is satisfied. The Company recognizes revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers or counterparties in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In determining the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized, the Company performs the following steps: (i) identification of the promised goods or services in the agreement; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods or services are performance obligations, including whether they are distinct in the context of the agreement; (iii) measurement of the transaction price, including any constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to performance obligations based on estimated selling prices; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation. Licenses: If a license to the Company’s intellectual property is determined to be distinct from the other performance obligations identified in an agreement, the Company will recognize revenue from the nonrefundable, upfront fee allocated to the license when the license is transferred to the licensee and the licensee is able to use and benefit from the license. If a license is bundled with other performance obligations, the Company utilizes judgment to assess the nature of the combined performance obligations to determine whether the combined performance obligations are satisfied over time or at a point in time and, if over time, the appropriate method of measuring progress for purposes of recognizing revenue. The Company evaluates the measure of progress each reporting period and, if necessary, adjusts the measure of performance and related revenue recognition. Milestone payments: If an agreement includes event-based or milestone payments, the Company evaluates whether the events or milestones are considered likely to be achieved and estimates the amount to be included in the transaction price using the most likely amount method. If it is unlikely that a significant revenue reversal of cumulative revenue recognized would occur, the value of the associated event-based or milestone payments is included in the transaction price. Event-based or milestone payments that are not within the control of the Company are not included in the transaction price until they become likely to be achieved. Royalties: If an agreement includes sales-based royalties and the license is deemed to be the predominant item to which the royalties relate, the Company will recognize revenue at the later of (i) when the related sales occur, or (ii) when the performance obligation to which some or all of the royalty has been allocated has been satisfied (or partially satisfied). Research and Development Costs Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs consist primarily of salaries and benefits of research and development personnel, costs related to research activities, preclinical studies, clinical trials, drug manufacturing and allocated overhead and facility-related expenses. The Company accounts for non-refundable advance payments for goods or services that will be used in future research and development activities as expenses when the goods have been received or when the service has been performed rather than when the payment is made. Clinical trial costs are a component of research and development expenses. The Company expenses costs for its clinical trial activities performed by third parties, including clinical research organizations (“CROs”) and other service providers, as they are incurred, based upon estimates of the work completed over the life of the individual study in accordance with associated agreements. The Company uses information it receives from internal personnel and outside service providers to estimate the clinical trial costs incurred. Stock-Based Compensation The Company measures employee and director stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based awards based on their grant date fair value using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. For stock-based awards with service conditions only, stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period using the straight-line method. Forfeitures are recognized as they occur. Stock-based compensation expense for nonemployee stock-based awards is measured at fair value using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense for the estimated fair value of the vested portion of nonemployee awards in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Stock-based compensation expense related to stock-based awards to nonemployees is subject to re-measurement over the service period, which approximates the vesting period. Stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock awards is determined using the estimated fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant for the period prior to the IPO. The fair value of restricted stock awards granted after the IPO is determined based on the stock price on the date of grant. The estimated fair value is amortized as compensation expense over the service period of the award. Foreign Currency Transactions The functional currency of RAPT Therapeutics Australia Pty Ltd., the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, is the Australian dollar. Accordingly, all monetary assets and liabilities of the subsidiary are translated into U.S. dollars at the current period-end exchange rates and non-monetary assets are translated using historical exchange rates. Income and expense elements are remeasured to U.S. dollars using the average exchange rates in effect during the period. Remeasurement gains and losses are recorded as other income (expense), net. The Company is subject to foreign currency risk with respect to its clinical contracts denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Payments on contracts denominated in foreign currencies are made at the spot rate on the day of payment. The cumulative adjustment resulting from the translation of financial statements to the reporting currency is recorded in other comprehensive income (loss). Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period such tax rate changes are enacted. The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not to be sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely to be realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to amounts more likely than not to be realized. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recognized as a component of income tax expense. Comprehensive Loss Comprehensive loss includes net loss and certain changes in stockholders’ deficit that are excluded from net loss, primarily unrealized gains and losses from marketable securities and foreign currency translation adjustments. Net Loss Per Share Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration of potential dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per common share is computed by dividing the net loss by the sum of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus the number of potential dilutive securities outstanding during the period calculated in accordance with the treasury stock method. Diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share since the effect of potentially dilutive securities is anti-dilutive. Recent Accounting Pronouncements From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) or other standard setting bodies and adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. Under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended (the “JOBS Act”), the Company meets the definition of an emerging growth company and has elected the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards pursuant to Section 107(b) of the JOBS Act. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases. ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to record most leases on their balance sheet while recognizing expense in a manner similar to the accounting under the original lease guidance (Topic 840). ASU 2016‑02 states that a lessee would recognize a lease liability for the obligation to make lease payments and a right-to-use asset for the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. ASU 2016-02 is effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2021 and early adoption is permitted. The Company intends to adopt the new standard as of January 1, 2022. The adoption of the new standard will have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2022, as we will recognize the right-of-use assets and liabilities for our operating leases. We expect to record lease liabilities of approximately $8 - $9 million based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments using discount rates as of the effective date. We also expect to record corresponding right-of-use assets of approximately $6 - 7 million, based on the operating lease liabilities adjusted for unamortized deferred rent and lease incentives. The Company, however, does not expect a material impact to its consolidated statements of operations and consolidated statements of cash flow. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 amended guidance on reporting credit losses for assets held at amortized cost basis and available-for-sale debt securities. For available-for-sale debt securities, credit losses will be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down. In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments, to increase awareness of the amendments and to expedite improvements to Topic 326. In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-05, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, Topic 326, providing companies with an option to irrevocably elect the fair value option for certain financial assets previously measured at amortized cost basis. These ASUs do not change the core principle of the guidance in ASU 2016-13; instead, these amendments are intended to clarify and improve operability of certain topics. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates and ASU No. 2019-11, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, which defer the effective date of the new credit loss standard. ASU 2016-13 and its related amendments are effective for the Company’s fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2022 and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the timing of adoption of ASU 2016-13 and the impact that adoption will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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