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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)

☑ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025

or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________ to ________

Commission file number 001-15925

COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 13-3893191
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
4000 Meridian Boulevard Franklin, Tennessee | 37067 (Zip Code)
(Address of principal executive offices) |

615-465-7000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value | CYH | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ | Accelerated filer ☑ | Smaller reporting company ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐ |  | Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

As of October 17, 2 025, there were 138,519,615 shares outstanding of the Registrant’s Common Stock, $0.01 par value.

Community Health Systems, Inc.

Form 10-Q

For the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025

Part I. |  | Financial Information |  | Page
|  | Item 1. |  | Financial Statements: |  |
|  |  |  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) – Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024 (Unaudited) |  | 2
|  |  |  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) – Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024 (Unaudited) |  | 3
|  |  |  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets – September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (Unaudited) |  | 4
|  |  |  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024 (Unaudited) |  | 5
|  |  |  | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) |  | 6
|  | Item 2. |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 26
|  | Item 3. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk |  | 47
|  | Item 4. |  | Controls and Procedures |  | 47
Part II. |  | Other Information |  | 48
|  | Item 1. |  | Legal Proceedings |  | 48
|  | Item 1A. |  | Risk Factors |  | 49
|  | Item 2. |  | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 49
|  | Item 3. |  | Defaults Upon Senior Securities |  | 50
|  | Item 4. |  | Mine Safety Disclosures |  | 50
|  | Item 5. |  | Other Information |  | 50
|  | Item 6. |  | Exhibits |  | 51
Signatures |  | 52

COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STA TEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS)

(In millions, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net operating revenues |  |  | 3,087 |  |  | $ | 3,090 |  |  | $ | 9,379 |  |  | $ | 9,369 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and benefits |  |  | 1,356 |  |  |  | 1,359 |  |  |  | 4,056 |  |  |  | 4,054 |
Supplies |  |  | 460 |  |  |  | 469 |  |  |  | 1,418 |  |  |  | 1,439 |
Other operating expenses |  |  | 832 |  |  |  | 1,010 |  |  |  | 2,583 |  |  |  | 2,737 |
Lease cost and rent |  |  | 67 |  |  |  | 73 |  |  |  | 209 |  |  |  | 224 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 108 |  |  |  | 117 |  |  |  | 317 |  |  |  | 357 |
Impairment and (gain) loss on sale of businesses, net |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | 267 |  |  |  | (242 | ) |  |  | 294 |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 2,844 |  |  |  | 3,295 |  |  |  | 8,341 |  |  |  | 9,105 |
Income (loss) from operations |  |  | 243 |  |  |  | (205 | ) |  |  | 1,038 |  |  |  | 264 |
Interest expense, net |  |  | 216 |  |  |  | 216 |  |  |  | 649 |  |  |  | 643 |
Loss (gain) from early extinguishment of debt |  |  | 33 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (105 | ) |  |  | (25 | )
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | (7 | )
(Loss) income before income taxes |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (419 | ) |  |  | 503 |  |  |  | (347 | )
Benefit from income taxes |  |  | (173 | ) |  |  | (64 | ) |  |  | (13 | ) |  |  | (13 | )
Net income (loss) |  |  | 171 |  |  |  | (355 | ) |  |  | 516 |  |  |  | (334 | )
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | 41 |  |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | 117 |  |  |  | 112 |
Net income (loss) attributable to Community Health Systems, Inc. stockholders |  | $ | 130 |  |  | $ | (391 | ) |  | $ | 399 |  |  | $ | (446 | )
Earnings (loss) per share attributable to Community Health Systems, Inc. stockholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.97 |  |  | $ | (2.95 | ) |  | $ | 2.99 |  |  | $ | (3.38 | )
Diluted |  | $ | 0.96 |  |  | $ | (2.95 | ) |  | $ | 2.97 |  |  | $ | (3.38 | )
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 133,787,535 |  |  |  | 132,376,226 |  |  |  | 133,479,323 |  |  |  | 131,998,973 |
Diluted |  |  | 135,187,592 |  |  |  | 132,376,226 |  |  |  | 134,514,096 |  |  |  | 131,998,973 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(In millions)

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 171 |  |  | $ | (355 | ) |  | $ | 516 |  |  | $ | (334 | )
Other comprehensive income, net of income taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net change in fair value of available-for-sale debt securities, net of tax |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 4 |
Amortization and recognition of unrecognized pension cost components, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 6 |
Comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 172 |  |  |  | (351 | ) |  |  | 521 |  |  |  | (328 | )
Less: Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | 41 |  |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | 117 |  |  |  | 112 |
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Community Health Systems, Inc. stockholders |  | $ | 131 |  |  | $ | (387 | ) |  | $ | 404 |  |  | $ | (440 | )

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDA TED BALANCE SHEETS

(In millions, except share data)

(Unaudited)

|  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 123 |  |  | $ | 37 |
Patient accounts receivable |  |  | 2,159 |  |  |  | 2,286 |
Supplies |  |  | 325 |  |  |  | 331 |
Prepaid income taxes |  |  | — |  |  |  | 53 |
Prepaid expenses and taxes |  |  | 266 |  |  |  | 236 |
Other current assets |  |  | 325 |  |  |  | 358 |
Total current assets |  |  | 3,198 |  |  |  | 3,301 |
Property and equipment |  |  | 9,064 |  |  |  | 9,160 |
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization |  |  | (4,444 | ) |  |  | (4,384 | )
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 4,620 |  |  |  | 4,776 |
Goodwill |  |  | 3,540 |  |  |  | 3,789 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 75 |  |  |  | 13 |
Other assets, net |  |  | 1,806 |  |  |  | 2,175 |
Total assets |  | $ | 13,239 |  |  | $ | 14,054 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Current maturities of long-term debt |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 20 |
Current operating lease liabilities |  |  | 110 |  |  |  | 115 |
Accounts payable |  |  | 894 |  |  |  | 913 |
Income tax payable |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | — |
Accrued liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Employee compensation |  |  | 468 |  |  |  | 596 |
Accrued interest |  |  | 209 |  |  |  | 222 |
Other |  |  | 478 |  |  |  | 479 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 2,178 |  |  |  | 2,345 |
Long-term debt |  |  | 10,589 |  |  |  | 11,432 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | 231 |
Long-term operating lease liabilities |  |  | 527 |  |  |  | 535 |
Other long-term liabilities |  |  | 866 |  |  |  | 828 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 14,190 |  |  |  | 15,371 |
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in equity of consolidated subsidiaries |  |  | 323 |  |  |  | 359 |
STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT |  |  |  |  |  |
Community Health Systems, Inc. stockholders’ deficit: |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized; none issued |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share, 300,000,000 shares authorized; 140,119,616 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2025, and 138,919,641 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024 |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 2,183 |  |  |  | 2,175 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  | (10 | )
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (3,681 | ) |  |  | (4,080 | )
Total Community Health Systems, Inc. stockholders’ deficit |  |  | (1,502 | ) |  |  | (1,914 | )
Noncontrolling interests in equity of consolidated subsidiaries |  |  | 228 |  |  |  | 238 |
Total stockholders’ deficit |  |  | (1,274 | ) |  |  | (1,676 | )
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit |  | $ | 13,239 |  |  | $ | 14,054 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED S TATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In millions)

(Unaudited)

|  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 516 |  |  | $ | (334 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 317 |  |  |  | 357 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | (261 | ) |  |  | (129 | )
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 12 |
Impairment and (gain) loss on sale of businesses, net |  |  | (242 | ) |  |  | 294 |
Gain from early extinguishment of debt |  |  | (105 | ) |  |  | (25 | )
Other non-cash expenses, net |  |  | 134 |  |  |  | 142 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions and divestitures: |  |  |  |  |  |
Patient accounts receivable |  |  | 75 |  |  |  | 126 |
Supplies, prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | (48 | )
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and income taxes |  |  | (86 | ) |  |  | (119 | )
Other |  |  | (83 | ) |  |  | (12 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 277 |  |  |  | 264 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisitions of facilities and other related businesses |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (1 | )
Purchases of property and equipment |  |  | (241 | ) |  |  | (251 | )
Proceeds from disposition of hospitals and other ancillary operations |  |  | 1,012 |  |  |  | 174 |
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 5 |
Purchases of available-for-sale debt securities and equity securities |  |  | (107 | ) |  |  | (54 | )
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale debt securities and equity securities |  |  | 87 |  |  |  | 54 |
Purchases of investments in unconsolidated affiliates |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4 | )
Increase in other investments |  |  | (53 | ) |  |  | (55 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |  |  | 705 |  |  |  | (132 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Repurchase of restricted stock shares for payroll tax withholding requirements |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (2 | )
Deferred financing costs and other debt-related costs |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | (8 | )
Proceeds from noncontrolling investors in joint ventures |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 1 |
Redemption of noncontrolling investments in joint ventures |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (3 | )
Distributions to noncontrolling investors in joint ventures |  |  | (120 | ) |  |  | (121 | )
Other borrowings |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 18 |
Issuance of long-term debt |  |  | 2,470 |  |  |  | 1,236 |
Proceeds from ABL Facility |  |  | 3,021 |  |  |  | 2,662 |
Repayments of long-term indebtedness |  |  | (6,272 | ) |  |  | (3,920 | )
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  | (896 | ) |  |  | (137 | )
Net change in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 86 |  |  |  | (5 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | 38 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 123 |  |  | $ | 33 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest payments |  | $ | (622 | ) |  | $ | (562 | )
Income tax payments, net |  | $ | (192 | ) |  | $ | (132 | )

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Community Health Systems, Inc. (the “Parent Company”) and its subsidiaries (together with the Parent Company, the “Company”) as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). In the opinion of management, such information contains all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for such periods. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Certain information and disclosures normally included in the notes to the consolidated financial statements have been condensed or omitted as permitted by the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The Company believes the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2024, contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 19, 2025 (“2024 Form 10-K”).

Noncontrolling interests in less-than-wholly-owned consolidated subsidiaries of the Parent Company are presented as a component of total equity in the condensed consolidated balance sheets to distinguish between the interests of the Parent Company and the interests of the noncontrolling owners. Noncontrolling interests that are redeemable or may become redeemable at a fixed or determinable price at the option of the holder or upon the occurrence of an event outside of the control of the Company are presented in mezzanine equity in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Substantially all of the Company’s operating expenses are “cost of revenue” items. Operating expenses that could be classified as general and administrative by the Company include the Company’s corporate office costs at its Franklin, Tennessee office, which were $80 million and $72 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $217 million and $228 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Throughout these notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, Community Health Systems, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries are referred to on a collective basis as the “Company.” This drafting style is not meant to indicate that the publicly-traded Parent Company or any particular subsidiary of the Parent Company owns or operates any asset, business, or property. The hospitals, operations and businesses described in this filing are owned and operated, and management services provided, by distinct and indirect subsidiaries of Community Health Systems, Inc.

Revenue Recognition.

Net Operating Revenues

Net operating revenues are recorded at the transaction price estimated by the Company to reflect the total consideration due from patients and third-party payors in exchange for providing goods and services in patient care. These services are considered to be a single performance obligation and have a duration of less than one year. Revenues are recorded as these goods and services are provided. The transaction price, which involves significant estimates, is determined based on the Company’s standard charges for the goods and services provided, with a reduction recorded for price concessions related to third party contractual arrangements as well as patient discounts and other patient price concessions. During each of the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the impact of changes to the inputs used to determine the transaction price was considered immaterial.

6

COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (continued)

Currently, several states utilize supplemental reimbursement programs for the purpose of providing reimbursement to providers that is not specifically tied to an individual’s care, some of which offsets a portion of the cost of providing care to Medicaid and indigent patients. The programs are funded with a combination of state and federal resources, including, in certain instances, fees or taxes levied on the providers. The programs are generally authorized by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) for a specified period of time and require CMS’s approval to be extended. Under these supplemental programs, the Company recognizes revenue and related expenses in the period in which amounts are estimable and payment is reasonably assured. Reimbursement under these programs is reflected in net operating revenues. Taxes or other program-related costs are reflected in other operating expenses.

The Company’s net operating revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 have been presented in the following table based on an allocation of the estimated transaction price with the patient between the primary patient classification of insurance coverage (in millions):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Medicare |  | $ | 527 |  |  | $ | 562 |  |  | $ | 1,660 |  |  | $ | 1,721 |
Medicare Managed Care |  |  | 531 |  |  |  | 540 |  |  |  | 1,681 |  |  |  | 1,679 |
Medicaid |  |  | 505 |  |  |  | 439 |  |  |  | 1,527 |  |  |  | 1,345 |
Managed Care and other third-party payors |  |  | 1,500 |  |  |  | 1,514 |  |  |  | 4,449 |  |  |  | 4,494 |
Self-pay |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | 62 |  |  |  | 130 |
Total |  | $ | 3,087 |  |  | $ | 3,090 |  |  | $ | 9,379 |  |  | $ | 9,369 |

Patient Accounts Receivable

Patient accounts receivable are recorded at net realizable value based on certain assumptions determined by each payor. For third-party payors including Medicare, Medicare Managed Care, Medicaid and Managed Care, the net realizable value is based on the estimated contractual reimbursement percentage, which is based on current contract prices or historical paid claims data by payor. For self-pay accounts receivable, which includes patients who are uninsured and the patient responsibility portion for patients with insurance, the net realizable value is determined using estimates of historical collection experience without regard to aging category. These estimates are adjusted for estimated conversions of patient responsibility portions, expected recoveries and any anticipated changes in trends.

Patient accounts receivable can be impacted by the effectiveness of the Company’s collection efforts. Additionally, significant changes in payor mix, business office operations, economic conditions or trends in federal and state governmental healthcare coverage and related policies could affect the net realizable value of accounts receivable. The Company also continually reviews the net realizable value of accounts receivable by monitoring historical cash collections as a percentage of trailing net operating revenues, as well as by analyzing current period net operating revenues and admissions by payor classification, days revenue outstanding, the composition of self-pay receivables between pure self-pay patients and the patient responsibility portion of third-party insured receivables, the impact of recent acquisitions and dispositions and the impact of current macroeconomic conditions and other events.

Final settlements for some payors and programs are subject to adjustment based on administrative review and audit by third parties. As a result of these final settlements, the Company has recorded amounts due to third-party payors of $129 million and $125 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and these amounts are included in accrued liabilities-other in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Amounts due from third-party payors were $118 million and $161 million as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and are included in other current assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Substantially all Medicare and Medicaid cost reports are final settled through 2020.

7

COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (continued)

Charity Care

In the ordinary course of business, the Company renders services to patients who are financially unable to pay for hospital care. The Company’s policy is to not pursue collections for such amounts; therefore, the related charges for those patients who are financially unable to pay and that otherwise do not qualify for reimbursement from a governmental program are not reported in net operating revenues, and are thus classified as charity care. The Company determines amounts that qualify for charity care based on the patient’s household income relative to the federal poverty level guidelines, as established by the federal government. The Company made certain updates to its policy during the three months ended September 30, 2025 in a manner which increased the number of accounts qualifying for charity care. This resulted in an increase in charity care services during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the same periods in 2024 as referenced below.

These charity care services are estimated to be approximately $419 million and $304 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $1.061 billion and $906 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, representing the value (at the Company’s standard charges) of these charity care services that are excluded from net operating revenues. The estimated cost incurred by the Company to provide these charity care services to patients who are unable to pay was approximately $42 million and $31 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $110 million and $89 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The estimated cost of these charity care services was determined using a ratio of cost to gross charges and applying that ratio to the gross charges associated with providing care to charity patients for the period.

Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recorded a net gain of approximately $242 million, comprised of a gain of approximately $288 million related to the divestiture of four hospitals, partially offset by (i) an approximately $31 million impairment charge to adjust the carrying value of long-lived assets at two hospitals that were divested at a price below carrying value, and (ii) an approximately $15 million impairment charge recorded to reduce the carrying value of several assets that were idled or disposed. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, approximately $390 million of goodwill was allocated from the hospital operations reporting unit associated with the disposal groups for which impairment charges or a gain on sale was recorded during the period.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded a net expense of approximately $294 million, comprised of (i) an approximately $259 million impairment charge recorded to reduce the carrying value of four hospitals that were deemed held-for-sale based on the difference between carrying value of the hospital disposal group and the estimated fair value less costs to sell, and (ii) an approximately $39 million impairment charge recorded to reduce the carrying value of several assets that were idled, disposed or held-for-sale, partially offset by a gain of approximately $4 million related to the sale of one hospital.

The Company will continue to evaluate the potential for impairment of the long-lived assets of hospitals and other held-and-used businesses as well as evaluate offers for potential sales, as applicable. Based on such analysis, additional impairment charges may be recorded in the future.

New Accounting Pronouncements. In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740), Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” This ASU establishes new requirements for the categorization and disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation as well as for disaggregation of income taxes paid. Additionally, this ASU modifies and eliminates certain existing requirements for indefinitely reinvested foreign earnings and unrecognized tax benefits. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2025. The amendments in this ASU should be applied on a prospective basis and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adoption of this ASU will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Topic 350): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software.” This ASU modifies the criteria for when software costs may be capitalized by eliminating consideration of software project development stages and by enhancing guidance for the "probable-to-complete" threshold. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption of this ASU is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that adoption of this ASU will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

The Company has evaluated all other recently issued, but not yet effective, ASUs and does not expect the eventual adoption of such ASUs to have a material impact on its consolidated financial position or results of operations.

8

COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (continued)

2. ACCOUNTING FOR STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

Stock-based compensation awards have been granted under the Community Health Systems, Inc. Amended and Restated 2009 Stock Option and Award Plan, which was most recently amended and restated as of March 12, 2025 and most recently approved by the Company’s stockholders at the annual meeting of stockholders held on May 13, 2025 (the “2009 Plan”).

The 2009 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options intended to qualify under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code and for the grant of stock options which do not so qualify, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance-based shares or units and other share awards. Persons eligible to receive grants under the 2009 Plan include the Company’s directors, officers, employees and consultants. To date, all options granted under the 2009 Plan have been “nonqualified” stock options for tax purposes. Generally, these options vest in one-third increments on each of the first three anniversaries of the option grant date and expire on the tenth anniversary of the option grant date. The exercise price of all options granted under the 2009 Plan is equal to the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the option grant date. As of September 30, 2025, 8,684,274 shares of unissued common stock were reserved for future grants under the 2009 Plan.

The following table reflects the impact of total compensation expense related to stock-based equity plans on the reported operating results for the respective periods (in millions):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Effect on income (loss) before income taxes |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | (12 | )
Effect on net income (loss) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (4 | ) |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | (10 | )

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, a reversal of approximately $4 million of stock-based compensation expense was recorded for restricted stock awards and stock options that are no longer expected to vest. The Company routinely evaluates its assumption for forfeitures and adjusts its estimate to account for employee departures, including retirement, in accordance with the terms of the 2009 Plan.

At September 30, 2025, $14 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to outstanding unvested stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units (the terms of which are summarized below) was expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 22 months. Of that amount, $2 million relates to outstanding unvested stock options expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 21 months and $12 million relates to outstanding unvested restricted stock and RSUs expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 22 months. There were no modifications to awards during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

The fair value of stock options was estimated using the Black Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions and weighted-average fair values during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Expected volatility |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | 88.7% |  | 90.1%
Expected dividends |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | — |  | —
Expected term |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | 6 years |  | 6 years
Risk-free interest rate |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | 4.0% |  | 4.3%

In determining the expected term, the Company examined concentrations of option holdings and historical patterns of option exercises and forfeitures, as well as forward-looking factors, in an effort to determine if there were any discernible employee populations. From this analysis, in determining the expected term for both of the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company identified one population, consisting of persons receiving grants of stock options. The computation of expected term was performed using the simplified method for all stock options granted in the periods presented. The simplified method was used as a result of the Company determining that historical exercise data does not provide a reasonable basis for the expected term of its grants, due primarily to the limited number of stock option exercises that have occurred.

9

COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (continued)

The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant. The pre-vesting forfeiture rate is based on historical rates and forward-looking factors for each population identified. The Company adjusts the estimated forfeiture rate to its actual experience.

The expected volatility rate was estimated based on historical volatility. In determining expected volatility, the Company also reviewed the market-based implied volatility of actively traded options of its common stock and determined that historical volatility utilized to estimate the expected volatility rate did not differ significantly from the implied volatility.

Options outstanding and exercisable under the 2009 Plan as of September 30, 2025, and changes during each of the three-month periods following December 31, 2024, were as follows (in millions, except share and per share data):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Weighted- |  | Aggregate |
|  |  |  |  | Weighted- |  |  | Average |  | Intrinsic |
|  |  |  |  | Average |  |  | Remaining |  | Value as of |
|  |  |  |  | Exercise |  |  | Contractual |  | September 30, |
|  | Shares |  |  | Price |  |  | Term |  | 2025 |
Outstanding at December 31, 2024 |  |  | 4,490,750 |  |  | $ | 6.24 |  |  |  |  |  |
Granted |  |  | 806,000 |  |  |  | 3.01 |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited and cancelled |  |  | (57,000 | ) |  |  | 4.43 |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at March 31, 2025 |  |  | 5,239,750 |  |  |  | 5.77 |  |  |  |  |  |
Granted |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited and cancelled |  |  | (310,750 | ) |  |  | 6.45 |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at June 30, 2025 |  |  | 4,929,000 |  |  |  | 5.72 |  |  |  |  |  |
Granted |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited and cancelled |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at September 30, 2025 |  |  | 4,929,000 |  |  | $ | 5.72 |  |  | 6.7 years |  | $ | — |
Exercisable at September 30, 2025 |  |  | 3,330,989 |  |  | $ | 6.81 |  |  | 5.7 years |  | $ | — |

The weighted-average grant date fair value of stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $2.27 and $2.19, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value (calculated as the number of in-the-money stock options multiplied by the difference between the Company’s closing stock price on the last trading day of the reporting period ($3.21) and the exercise price of the respective stock options) in the table above represents the amount that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on September 30, 2025. This amount changes based on the market value of the Company’s common stock. No stock options were exercised during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. The aggregate intrinsic value of options vested and expected to vest approximates that of the outstanding options.

The Company has also awarded restricted stock under the 2009 Plan to employees of certain subsidiaries. With respect to time-based vesting restricted stock that has been awarded under the 2009 Plan, the restrictions on these shares have generally lapsed in one-third increments on each of the first three anniversaries of the award date. In addition, certain of the restricted stock awards granted to the Company’s senior executives have contained performance objectives required to be met in addition to any time-based vesting requirements. If the applicable performance objectives are not attained, these awards will be forfeited in their entirety. For performance-based awards, the performance objectives are measured cumulatively over a three-year period. If the applicable target performance objective is met at the end of the three-year period, then the restricted stock award subject to such performance objective will vest in full on the third anniversary of the award date. Additionally, for these performance-based awards, based on the level of achievement for the applicable performance objective within the parameters specified in the award agreement, the number of shares to be issued in connection with the vesting of the award may be adjusted to decrease or increase the number of shares specified in the original award. Notwithstanding the above-mentioned performance objectives and vesting requirements, the restrictions with respect to restricted stock granted under the 2009 Plan may lapse earlier in the event of death, disability, change in control of the Company or, other than for performance-b ased awards, termination of employment by the Company for any reason other than for cause of the holder of the restricted stock. On March 1, 2025, restricted stock awards subject to performance objectives granted on March 1, 2022 vested based on the Company’s cumulative performance compared to performance objectives for the 2022 through 2024 performance period, which were set prior to the date of grant. Such awards vested at 16.8% of the number of shares originally granted to the Company’s then executive chairman, chief executive officer and chief financial officer based on the performance objectives applicable

10

COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (continued)

to the then executive chairman, chief executive officer and chief financial officer, and at 21% of the number of shares originally granted to other senior executives based on the performance objectives applicable to such other senior executives. Restricted stock awards subject to performance objectives that have not yet been satisfied are not considered outstanding for purposes of determining diluted earnings per share unless the performance objectives have been satisfied on the basis of results through the end of each respective reporting period.

Restricted stock outstanding under the 2009 Plan as of September 30, 2025, and changes during each of the three-month periods following December 31, 2024, were as follows:

|  |  |  |  | Weighted- |
|  |  |  |  | Average Grant |
|  | Shares |  |  | Date Fair Value |
Unvested at December 31, 2024 |  |  | 6,509,245 |  |  | $ | 5.63 |
Granted |  |  | 2,636,000 |  |  |  | 3.01 |
Vested |  |  | (1,582,989 | ) |  |  | 6.56 |
Forfeited |  |  | (1,004,170 | ) |  |  | 9.66 |
Unvested at March 31, 2025 |  |  | 6,558,086 |  |  |  | 3.74 |
Granted |  |  | 27,000 |  |  |  | 3.88 |
Vested |  |  | (48,003 | ) |  |  | 4.14 |
Forfeited |  |  | (205,002 | ) |  |  | 3.80 |
Unvested at June 30, 2025 |  |  | 6,332,081 |  |  |  | 3.74 |
Granted |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Vested |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Forfeited |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Unvested at September 30, 2025 |  |  | 6,332,081 |  |  |  | 3.74 |

RSUs have been granted to the Company’s non-management directors under the 2009 Plan. Each of the Company’s then-serving non-management directors received grants under the 2009 Plan of 59,801 RSUs and 62,718 RSUs with a grant date of March 1, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Both the March 2025 and 2024 grants had a grant date fair value of approximately $180,000. Pursuant to the Company’s non-management director compensation program, on June 1, 2024, a non-management director, who was elected to the Company’s Board of Directors at the Annual Meeting of the Company’s stockholders on May 7, 2024, received a grant of 62,718 RSUs (the same number of RSUs granted to the other non-management directors on March 1, 2024), which had a grant date fair value of approximately $248,000. Vesting of RSUs granted to non-management directors occurs in one-third increments on each of the first three anniversaries of the award date or upon the director’s earlier cessation of service on the Company’s Board of Directors, other than for cause. Each non-management director may elect, prior to the beginning of the calendar year in which the award is granted, to defer the receipt of shares of the Company’s common stock issuable upon vesting until either his or her (i) separation from service with the Company or (ii) attainment of an age specified in advance by the non-management director. A total of seven directors elected to defer the receipt of shares of the Company’s common stock for the RSUs granted on March 1, 2025 to a future date. A total of six directors elected to defer the receipt of shares of the Company’s common stock upon vesting of the RSUs granted in 2024 to a future date.

11

COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (continued)

RSUs outstanding under the 2009 Plan as of September 30, 2025, and changes during each of the three-month periods following December 31, 2024, were as follows:

|  |  |  |  | Weighted- |
|  |  |  |  | Average Grant |
|  | Shares |  |  | Date Fair Value |
Outstanding at December 31, 2024 |  |  | 1,548,316 |  |  | $ | 4.49 |
Granted |  |  | 777,413 |  |  |  | 3.01 |
Vested |  |  | (249,998 | ) |  |  | 4.80 |
Forfeited |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Unvested at March 31, 2025 |  |  | 2,075,731 |  |  |  | 3.90 |
Granted |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Vested |  |  | (5,894 | ) |  |  | 5.00 |
Forfeited |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Unvested at June 30, 2025 |  |  | 2,069,837 |  |  |  | 3.90 |
Granted |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Vested |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Forfeited |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Unvested at September 30, 2025 |  |  | 2,069,837 |  |  |  | 3.90 |

3. ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES

Acquisitions

The Company accounts for all transactions that represent business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting, where the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquired entity are recognized and measured at their fair values on the date the Company obtains control in the acquiree. Such fair values that are not finalized for reporting periods following the acquisition date are estimated and recorded as provisional amounts. Adjustments to these provisional amounts during the measurement period (defined as the date through which all information required to identify and measure the consideration transferred, the assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interests has been obtained, limited to one year from the acquisition date) are recorded when identified. Goodwill is determined as the excess of the fair value of the consideration conveyed in the acquisition over the fair value of the net assets acquired.

The Company accounts for asset acquisitions pursuant to a cost accumulation model. Direct transaction costs are recognized as part of the cost of an acquisition. The Company also evaluates which elements of a transaction should be accounted for as part of an asset acquisition and which should be accounted for separately. The cost of an asset acquisition, including transaction costs, is allocated to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on a relative fair value basis. Goodwill is not recognized in an asset acquisition.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, one or more subsidiaries of the Company paid approximately $1 million to acquire the operating assets and related businesses of certain physician practices and clinics that operate within the communities served by the Company’s affiliated hospitals. The purchase price for these transactions was primarily allocated to working capital and property and equipment.

Divestitures

There were six hospital divestitures completed during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The following table provides a summary of hospitals that the Company divested (or, in the cases of Merit Health Biloxi and Merit Health Madison, in which the Company sold its 50% ownership interest, and in the case of Cedar Park Regional Medical Center, in which the Company sold its 80% ownership interest) during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024:

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COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (continued)

|  |  |  |  |  | Licensed |  |
Hospital |  | Buyer |  | City, State |  | Beds |  | Effective Date
2025 Divestitures: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Merit Health Biloxi |  | Memorial Health System |  | Biloxi, Mississippi |  | 153 |  | February 1, 2025
ShorePoint Health - Port Charlotte |  | AdventHealth |  | Port Charlotte, Florida |  | 254 |  | March 1, 2025
ShorePoint Health - Punta Gorda |  | AdventHealth |  | Punta Gorda, Florida |  | 208 |  | March 1, 2025
Lake Norman Regional Medical Center |  | Duke University Health System, Inc. |  | Mooresville, North Carolina |  | 123 |  | April 1, 2025
Merit Health Madison |  | University of Mississippi Medical Center |  | Canton, Mississippi |  | 67 |  | May 1, 2025
Cedar Park Regional Medical Center |  | Ascension Health |  | Cedar Park, Texas |  | 126 |  | June 30, 2025
2024 Divestitures: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tennova Healthcare - Cleveland |  | Hamilton Health Care Systems, Inc. |  | Cleveland, TN |  | 351 |  | August 1, 2024
Davis Regional Medical Center |  | Iredell Memorial Hospital |  | Statesville, NC |  | 144 |  | October 1, 2024

In connection with the Company’s divestiture of Tennova Healthcare - Cleveland to Hamilton Health Care Systems, Inc. completed effective August 1, 2024, in addition to the base purchase price of approximately $160 million received by the Company at a preliminary closing on July 31, 2024, the Company was entitled to receive additional cash consideration contingent upon approval of the then-potential modifications to applicable supplemental reimbursement programs as more specifically provided in the asset purchase agreement underlying the transaction. Modifications to the applicable supplemental reimbursement programs were approved as of June 30, 2025, and a third party was engaged during the three months ended September 30, 2025 to calculate the additional consideration due to the Company. In connection therewith, the Company received additional cash consideration of approximately $91 million in October 2025 under the terms of the asset purchase agreement. Such amount did not qualify for recognition during the three months ended September 30, 2025, and is expected to be recognized during the three months ending December 31, 2025, as more specifically described in Note 14 - Subsequent Events.

On July 22, 2025, the Company entered into a definitive agreement with Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (“Labcorp”), pursuant to which Labcorp has agreed to acquire select assets and assume certain leases of the ambulatory outreach business of the Company’s subsidiaries in 13 states, including certain patient service centers and in-office phlebotomy locations. The total purchase price payable to the Company at the closing of this transaction is $195 million, less certain purchase price adjustments.

4. GOODWILL

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 are as follows (in millions):

Balance, at December 31, 2024 |  |  |
Goodwill |  | $ | 6,603 |
Accumulated impairment losses |  |  | (2,814 | )
|  |  | 3,789 |
Goodwill acquired as part of acquisitions |  |  | 2 |
Goodwill allocated to hospitals divested or held-for-sale (as applicable) |  |  | (251 | )
Balance, at September 30, 2025 |  |  |
Goodwill |  |  | 6,354 |
Accumulated impairment losses |  |  | (2,814 | )
|  | $ | 3,540 |

Goodwill is allocated to each identified reporting unit, which is defined as an operating segment or one level below the operating segment (referred to as a component of the entity). Management has determined that the Company’s operating segment meets the criteria to be classified as a reporting unit.

Goodwill is evaluated for impairment annually and when an event occurs or circumstances change that, more likely than not, reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying value. The Company performed its last annual goodwill impairment evaluation during the fourth quarter of 2024 using an October 31, 2024 measurement date, which indicated no impairment.

The determination of fair value in the Company’s goodwill impairment analysis is based on an estimate of fair value for the reporting unit utilizing known and estimated inputs at the evaluation date. Some of those inputs include, but are not limited to, the most recent price of the Company’s common stock and fair value of long-term debt, the Company’s recent financial results, estimates

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COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (continued)

of future revenue and expense growth, estimated market multiples, expected capital expenditures, income tax rates, costs of invested capital and a discount rate.

Future estimates of fair value could be adversely affected if the actual outcome of one or more of the assumptions described above changes materially in the future, including as a result of any decline in the Company’s stock price and the fair value of its long-term debt, an increase in the volatility of the Company’s stock price and the fair value of its long-term debt, lower-than-expected hospital volumes and/or net operating revenues, higher market interest rates, increased operating costs or other adverse impacts on the Company’s financial results. Such changes impacting the calculation of fair value could result in a material impairment charge in the future.

5. INCOME TAXES

The total amount of unrecognized benefit that would affect the effective tax rate, if recognized, was $44 million at September 30, 2025. A total of $8 million of interest and penalties is included in the amount of the liability for uncertain tax positions at September 30, 2025. It is the Company’s policy to recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized benefits in its condensed consolidated statements of income (loss) as income tax expense.

It is possible the amount of unrecognized tax benefit could change in the next 12 months as a result of a lapse of the statute of limitations and settlements with taxing authorities; however, the Company does not anticipate the change will have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated results of operations or financial position.

The Company’s income tax returns for the 2021 and 2022 tax years are under examination by the Internal Revenue Service. The Company believes the result of this examination will not be material to its consolidated results of operations or consolidated financial position. The Company has extended the federal statute of limitations through December 31, 2026 for Community Health Systems, Inc. for the tax periods ended December 31, 2021 and 2022.

The Com pany’s benefit from income taxes was $(173) million and $(64) million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $(13) million and $(13) million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rates were 8,650.0% and 15.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and (2.6)% and 3.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The tax effects of the federal budget reconciliation legislation, which was enacted on July 4, 2025, were recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2025. A decrease in valuation allowances stemming from increased interest deductibility and increased bonus depreciation resulted in an income tax benefit of approximately $163 million during the three months ended September 30, 2025. This income tax benefit increased the effective tax rate by 8,150.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and reduced the effective tax rate by 32.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds received, resulted in a net payment of $91 million and $48 million during the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $192 million and $132 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, approximately $52 million and $126 million, respectively, of cash paid for taxes related to gains on hospitals divested during the period. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, approximately $17 million of cash paid for taxes related to the gain on a hospital divested during the periods.

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COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (continued)

6. LONG-TERM DEBT

Long-term debt, net of unamortized debt issuance costs and discounts or premiums, as applicable, consists of the following (in millions):

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
8% Senior Secured Notes due 2027 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 700 |
5 ⅝% Senior Secured Notes due 2027 |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 1,757 |
6 ⅞% Senior Notes due 2028 |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 626 |
6% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 |  |  | 644 |  |  |  | 644 |
5 ¼% Senior Secured Notes due 2030 |  |  | 1,535 |  |  |  | 1,535 |
4 ¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2031 |  |  | 1,058 |  |  |  | 1,058 |
10 ⅞% Senior Secured Notes due 2032 |  |  | 2,225 |  |  |  | 2,225 |
10 ¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2033 |  |  | 700 |  |  |  | — |
9 ¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2034 |  |  | 1,790 |  |  |  | — |
6 ⅞% Junior-Priority Secured Notes due 2029 |  |  | 1,245 |  |  |  | 1,244 |
6 ⅛% Junior-Priority Secured Notes due 2030 |  |  | 1,227 |  |  |  | 1,227 |
ABL Facility |  |  | — |  |  |  | 341 |
Finance lease and financing obligations |  |  | 340 |  |  |  | 343 |
Other |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 24 |
Less: Unamortized deferred debt issuance costs |  |  | (230 | ) |  |  | (272 | )
Total debt |  |  | 10,605 |  |  |  | 11,452 |
Less: Current maturities |  |  | (16 | ) |  |  | (20 | )
Total long-term debt |  | $ | 10,589 |  |  | $ | 11,432 |

On May 9, 2025, CHS/Community Health Systems, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Parent Company (“CHS”) completed the of fering of $700 million aggregate principal amount 10.750% Senior Secured Notes due June 15, 2033 (the “10¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2033”). The Company used the proceeds from issuance of the 10¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2033, together with cash on hand, to redeem all of its 8% Senior Secured Notes due 2027 and to pay related fees and expenses. The 10¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2033 bear interest at a rate of 10.750% per year payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year, commencing on December 15, 2025. The 10¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2033 are unconditionally guaranteed on a senior-priority secured basis by the Company and each of the current and future domestic subsidiaries that provide guarantees under the ABL Facility (as defined below), any capital market debt securities of CHS (including CHS’ outstanding senior notes) and certain other long-term debt of CHS.

The 10¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2033 and the related guarantees are secured by shared (i) first-priority liens on the collateral that also secures on a first-priority basis CHS’ senior-priority secured notes and (ii) second-priority liens on the collateral that secures on a first-priority basis the ABL Facility, in each case subject to permitted liens described in the indenture governing the 10¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2033.

CHS is entitled, at its option, to redeem all or a portion of the 10¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2033 at any time prior to June 15, 2030, upon not less than 10 nor more than 60 days’ notice, at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 10¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2033 redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, plus a “make-whole” premium, as described in the indenture governing the 10¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2033.

CHS may redeem up to 35% of the aggregate principal amount of the 10¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2033 at any time prior to June 15, 2030 using the net proceeds from certain equity offerings at a redemption price of 103.000% of the principal amount of the 10¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2033 redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any.

At any time and from time to time on or after June 15, 2030, CHS may redeem the 10¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2033 in whole or in part, upon not less than 10 nor more than 60 days’ prior written notice at a redemption price equal to the percentage of principal amount set forth below plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on the 10¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2033 redeemed, to, but excluding, the applicable date of redemption, if redeemed during the twelve-month period beginning on June 15 of the years indicated below:

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COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (continued)

Period |  | Redemption Price |
June 15, 2030 to June 14, 2031 |  |  | 110.750 | %
June 15, 2031 to June 14, 2032 |  |  | 105.375 | %
June 15, 2032 to June 14, 2033 |  |  | 100.000 | %

In addition, CHS completed a tender offer in May 2025 for its outstanding 6⅞% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2028, pursuant to which the Company purchased $584 million in aggregate principal amount, or approximately 93%, of these outstanding
notes, that was funded using cash on hand. Upon completion of the tender offer, approximately $42 million principal amount of the 6⅞% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2028 remains outstanding.

On August 12, 2025, CHS completed an offering of $1.790 billion principal amount of 9.750% Senior Secured Notes due 2034 (the “9¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2034”). The Company used the proceeds from the issuance of the 9¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2034 to redeem $1.743 billion principal amount of its 5.625% Senior Secured Notes due 2027, or approximately 99% of the total outstanding principal amount, that were validly tendered and accepted for purchase pursuant to a tender offer that launched on July 28, 2025, and was completed on August 25, 2025, and to pay related fees and expenses. Upon completion of the tender offer, approximately $14 million principal amount of the 5.625% Senior Secured Notes due 2027 remained outstanding. The 9¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2034 bear interest at a rate of 9.750% per year payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, commencing on March 15, 2026. The 9¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2034 are unconditionally guaranteed on a senior-priority secured basis by the Company and each of the current and future domestic subsidiaries that provide guarantees under the ABL Facility, any capital market debt securities of CHS (including CHS’ outstanding senior notes) and certain other long-term debt of CHS.

The 9¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2034 and the related guarantees are secured by shared (i) first-priority liens on the collateral that also secures on a first-priority basis CHS’ senior-priority secured notes and (ii) second-priority liens on the collateral that secures on a first-priority basis the ABL Facility, in each case subject to permitted liens described in the indenture governing the 9¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2034.

CHS is entitled, at its option, to redeem all or a portion of the 9¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2034 at any time prior to August 15, 2028, upon not less than 10 nor more than 60 days’ notice, at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 9¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2034 redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, plus a “make-whole” premium, as described in the indenture governing the 9¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2034.

CHS may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 9¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2034 at any time prior to August 15, 2028 using the net proceeds from certain equity offerings at a redemption price of 109.750% of the principal amount of the 9¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2034 redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any. In addition, any time prior to August 15, 2028, but not more than once during each 12 month period, CHS may redeem up to 10% of the original aggregate principal amount of the 9¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2034 at a redemption price equal to 103% of the principal amount of the 9¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2034 to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any.

At any time and from time to time on or after August 15, 2028, CHS may redeem the 9¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2034 in whole or in part, upon not less than 10 nor more than 60 days’ prior written notice at a redemption price equal to the percentage of principal amount set forth below plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on the 9¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2034 redeemed, to, but excluding, the applicable date of redemption, if redeemed during the twelve-month period beginning on August 15 of the years indicated below:

Period |  | Redemption Price |
August 15, 2028 to August 14, 2029 |  |  | 104.875 | %
August 15, 2029 to August 14, 2030 |  |  | 102.438 | %
August 15, 2030 to August 14, 2034 |  |  | 100.000 | %

These transactions resulted in a pre-tax and after-tax loss from early extinguishment of debt of $33 million and $26 million, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2025,and a pre-tax and after-tax gain from early extinguishment of debt of $105 million and $113 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. Th ere was a pre-tax and after-tax gain from early extinguishment of debt of $26 million and $27 million, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 related to debt transactions during these periods.

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COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (continued)

On June 5, 2024, the Company and CHS entered into the Second Amendment and Restatement Agreement (the “Amendment”) to refinance and replace the amended and restated asset-ba sed loan (“ABL”) credit agreement (the “ABL Credit Agreement” and, as amended by the Amendment, the “Amended and Restated ABL Credit Agreement”), dated as of November 22, 2021, with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the lenders and other agents party thereto. Pursuant to the Amended and Restated ABL Credit Agreement, the lenders have extended to CHS a revolving asset-based loan facility in the maximum aggregate principal amount of $1.0 billion, subject to borrowing base capacity (the “ABL Facility”). The ABL Facility includes borrowing capacity available for letters of credit of $200 million. CHS and all domestic subsidiaries of CHS that guarantee CHS’ other outstanding senior and senior secured indebtedness guarantee the obligations of CHS under the ABL Facility. Subject to certain exceptions, all obligations under the ABL Facility and the related guarantees are secured by a perfected first-priority security interest in substantially all of the receivables, deposit, collection and other accounts and contract rights, books, records and other instruments related to the foregoing of the Company, CHS and the guarantors, as well as a perfected junior-priority third lien security interest in substantially all of the other assets of the Company, CHS and the guarantors, subject to customary exceptions and intercreditor arrangements. Principal amounts outstanding under the ABL Facility will be due and payable in full on June 5, 2029.

At September 30, 2025, the Company had no outstanding borrowings and approximately $806 million of additional borrowing capacity (after taking into consideration the $34 million of outstanding letters of credit) under the ABL Facility. The issued letters of credit were primarily in support of potential insurance-related claims and certain bonds. Letters of credit were reduced during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 by $32 million, primarily due to a reduction in collateral for an insurance-related bond.

The ABL Facility contains customary representations and warranties, subject to limitations and exceptions, and customary covenants restricting the Company’s ability, subject to certain exceptions, to, among other things (1) declare dividends, make distributions or redeem or repurchase capital stock, (2) prepay, redeem or repurchase other debt, (3) incur liens or grant negative pledges, (4) make loans and investments and enter into acquisitions and joint ventures, (5) incur additional indebtedness or provide certain guarantees, (6) engage in mergers, acquisitions and asset sales, (7) conduct transactions with affiliates, (8) alter the nature of the Company’s, CHS’ or the guarantors’ businesses, (9) grant certain guarantees with respect to physician practices, (10) engage in sale and leaseback transactions or (11) change the Company’s fiscal year. The Company is also required to comply with a consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio, upon certain triggering events described below, and various affirmative covenants. The consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio is calculated as the ratio of (x) consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the ABL Facility) less capital expenditures to (y) the sum of consolidated interest expense (as defined in the ABL Facility), scheduled principal payments, income taxes and restricted payments made in cash or in permitted investments. For purposes of calculating the consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio, the calculation of consolidated EBITDA as defined in the ABL Facility is a trailing 12-month calculation that begins with the Company’s consolidated net income, with certain adjustments for interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, stock compensation expense, restructuring costs, and the financial impact of other non-cash or non-recurring items recorded during any such 12-month period. The consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio is a required covenant only in periods where the total borrowings outstanding under the ABL Facility reduce the amount available in the facility to less than the greater of (i) $95 million or (ii) 10% of the calculated borrowing base. As a result, in the event the Company has less than $95 million available under the ABL Facility, the Company would need to comply with the consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio. At September 30, 2025, the Company is not subject to the consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio as such triggering event had not occurred during the twelve months ended September 30, 2025.

The Company paid interest of $214 million and $202 million on borrowings during the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $622 million and $562 million on borrowings during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

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COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (continued)

7. FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The fair value of financial instruments has been estimated by the Company using available market information as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, and valuation methodologies considered appropriate. The estimates presented in the table below are not necessarily indicative of amounts the Company could realize in a current market exchange (in millions):

|  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
|  | Carrying |  |  | Estimated Fair |  |  | Carrying |  |  | Estimated Fair |
|  | Amount |  |  | Value |  |  | Amount |  |  | Value |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 123 |  |  | $ | 123 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 37 |
Investments in equity securities |  |  | 78 |  |  |  | 78 |  |  |  | 69 |  |  |  | 69 |
Available-for-sale debt securities |  |  | 231 |  |  |  | 231 |  |  |  | 192 |  |  |  | 192 |
Trading securities |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 5 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
8% Senior Secured Notes due 2027 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 696 |  |  |  | 700 |
5⅝% Senior Secured Notes due 2027 |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 1,722 |  |  |  | 1,686 |
6⅞% Senior Notes due 2028 |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | 622 |  |  |  | 457 |
6% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 |  |  | 629 |  |  |  | 625 |  |  |  | 626 |  |  |  | 577 |
5¼% Senior Secured Notes due 2030 |  |  | 1,476 |  |  |  | 1,389 |  |  |  | 1,468 |  |  |  | 1,261 |
4¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2031 |  |  | 1,055 |  |  |  | 915 |  |  |  | 1,054 |  |  |  | 822 |
10⅞% Senior Secured Notes due 2032 |  |  | 2,213 |  |  |  | 2,358 |  |  |  | 2,212 |  |  |  | 2,299 |
10¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2033 |  |  | 698 |  |  |  | 721 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
9¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2034 |  |  | 1,761 |  |  |  | 1,838 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
6⅞% Junior-Priority Secured Notes due 2029 |  |  | 1,186 |  |  |  | 992 |  |  |  | 1,175 |  |  |  | 940 |
6⅛% Junior-Priority Secured Notes due 2030 |  |  | 1,181 |  |  |  | 891 |  |  |  | 1,175 |  |  |  | 842 |
ABL Facility and other debt |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 359 |  |  |  | 359 |

The carrying value of the Company’s long-term debt in the above table is presented net of unamortized deferred debt issuance costs. The estimated fair value is determined using the methodologies discussed below in accordance with accounting standards related to the determination of fair value based on the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy as discussed in Note 8 - Fair Value. The estimated fair value for financial instruments with a fair value that does not equal its carrying value is considered a Level 1 valuation. The Company utilizes the market approach and obtains indicative pricing through publicly available subscription services such as Bloomberg to determine fair values where relevant.

Cash and cash equivalents. The carrying amount approximates fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments (less than three months).

Investments in equity securities. Estimated fair value is based on closing price as quoted in public markets.

Available-for-sale debt securities. Estimated fair value is based on closing price as quoted in public markets or other various valuation techniques.

Trading securities. Estimated fair value is based on closing price as quoted in public markets.

Senior Notes, Senior Secured Notes and Junior-Priority Secured Notes. Estimated fair value is based on the closing market price for these notes.

ABL Facility and other debt. The carrying amount of the ABL Facility and all other debt approximates fair value due to the nature of these obligations.

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COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (continued)

8. FAIR VALUE

Fair Value Hierarchy

Fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. Therefore, a fair value measurement should be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, the Company utilizes the U.S. GAAP fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs that are classified within Levels 1 and 2 of the hierarchy) and the reporting entity’s own assumption about market participant assumptions (unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy).

The inputs used to measure fair value are classified into the following fair value hierarchy:

Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 includes values determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques reflecting the Company’s own assumptions.

In instances where the determination of the fair value hierarchy measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment of factors specific to the asset or liability. Transfers between levels within the fair value hierarchy are recognized by the Company on the date of the change in circumstances that requires such transfer. There were no transfers between levels during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

The following table sets forth, by level within the fair value hierarchy, the financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in millions):

|  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Investments in equity securities |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Available-for-sale debt securities |  |  | 231 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 231 |  |  |  | — |
Trading securities |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | — |
Total assets |  | $ | 314 |  |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 236 |  |  | $ | — |

|  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Investments in equity securities |  | $ | 69 |  |  | $ | 69 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Available-for-sale debt securities |  |  | 192 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 192 |  |  |  | — |
Trading securities |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | — |
Total assets |  | $ | 266 |  |  | $ | 69 |  |  | $ | 197 |  |  | $ | — |

Investments in equity securities classified as Level 1 are measured using quoted market prices. Level 2 available-for-sale debt securities and trading securities primarily consist of bonds and notes issued by the United States government and its agencies and domestic and foreign corporations. The estimated fair values of these securities are determined using various valuation techniques, including a multi-dimensional relational model that incorporates standard observable inputs and assumptions such as benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, benchmark securities, bids/offers and other pertinent reference data.

19

COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (continued)

9. LEASES

The Company utilizes operating and finance leases for the use of certain hospitals, medical office buildings, and medical equipment. The components of lease cost and rent expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are as follows (in millions):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
Lease Cost |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Operating lease cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease cost |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 124 |  |  | $ | 140 |
Short-term rent expense |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | 62 |  |  |  | 67 |
Variable lease cost |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 26 |  |  |  | 20 |
Sublease income |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | (3 | )
Total operating lease cost |  | $ | 67 |  |  | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | 209 |  |  | $ | 224 |
Finance lease cost: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of right-of-use assets |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 7 |
Interest on finance lease liabilities |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 10 |
Total finance lease cost |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 17 |

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows (in millions):

|  | Balance Sheet Classification |  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Operating Leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  | Other assets, net |  | $ | 608 |  |  | $ | 623 |
Finance Leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance lease right-of-use assets |  | Property and equipment |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Land and improvements |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
|  | Buildings and improvements |  |  | 237 |  |  |  | 235 |
|  | Equipment and fixtures |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 9 |
|  | Property and equipment |  |  | 242 |  |  |  | 244 |
|  | Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization |  |  | (66 | ) |  |  | (63 | )
|  | Property and equipment, net |  | $ | 176 |  |  | $ | 181 |
Current finance lease liabilities |  | Current maturities of long-term debt |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Long-term finance lease liabilities |  | Long-term debt |  |  | 201 |  |  |  | 193 |

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows (in millions):

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
Cash flow information |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases (1) |  | $ | 123 |  |  | $ | 136 |
Operating cash flows from finance leases |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 10 |
Financing cash flows from finance leases |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 2 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 3 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities |  |  | 75 |  |  |  | 54 |

_______________________________

(1)
Included in the change in other operating assets and liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

20

COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (continued)

10. STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

Authorized capital shares of the Company include 400,000,000 shares of capital stock consisting of 300,000,000 shares of common stock and 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Each of the aforementioned classes of capital stock has a par value of $0.01 per share. Shares of preferred stock, none of which were outstanding as of September 30, 2025, may be issued in one or more series having such rights, preferences and other provisions as determined by the Company’s Board of Directors without approval by the holders of common stock.

The Company is a holding company, which operates through its subsidiaries. The ABL Facility and the indentures governing each series of the Company’s outstanding notes contain various covenants under which the assets of the subsidiaries of the Company are subject to certain restrictions relating to, among other matters, dividends and distributions, as referenced in the paragraph below.

The ABL Facility and the indentures governing each series of the Company’s outstanding notes restrict the Company’s subsidiaries from, among other matters, paying dividends and making distributions to the Company, which thereby limits the Company’s ability to pay dividends and/or repurchase stock. As of September 30, 2025, under the most restrictive test in these agreements (and subject to certain exceptions), the Company has approximately $300 million of capacity to pay permitted dividends and/or repurchase shares of stock or make other restricted payments.

The schedule below presents the reconciliation of the carrying amount of total equity, equity attributable to the Company’s stockholders, and equity attributable to noncontrolling interests as of September 30, 2025, and during each of the three-month periods following December 31, 2024 (in millions).

|  |  |  |  |  | Community Health Systems, Inc. Stockholders |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest |  |  |  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income |  |  | Accumulated Deficit |  |  | Noncontrolling Interest |  |  | Total Stockholders’ Deficit |
Balance, December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 359 |  |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 2,175 |  |  | $ | (10 | ) |  | $ | (4,080 | ) |  | $ | 238 |  |  | $ | (1,676 | )
Comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 13 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | (13 | ) |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 15 |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  | (25 | )
Disposition of less-than-wholly owned entity |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (8 | ) |  |  | (8 | )
Adjustment to redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2 | )
Cancellation of restricted stock for tax withholdings on vested shares |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4 |
Balance, March 31, 2025 |  |  | 364 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 2,176 |  |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | (4,093 | ) |  |  | 230 |  |  |  | (1,693 | )
Comprehensive income |  |  | 14 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 282 |  |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 308 |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |  |  | (33 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (28 | ) |  |  | (28 | )
Contributions from noncontrolling interests |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Disposition of less-than-wholly owned entity |  |  | (27 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | (7 | )
Adjustment to redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3 |
Balance, June 30, 2025 |  |  | 314 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 2,184 |  |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  | (3,811 | ) |  |  | 219 |  |  |  | (1,412 | )
Comprehensive income |  |  | 16 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 130 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 155 |
Contributions from noncontrolling interests |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (15 | ) |  |  | (15 | )
Purchases of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interests |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (2 | )
Adjustment to redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |
Balance, September 30, 2025 |  | $ | 323 |  |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 2,183 |  |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | (3,681 | ) |  | $ | 228 |  |  | $ | (1,274 | )

21

COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (continued)

The following schedule presents the reconciliation of the carrying amount of total equity, equity attributable to the Company’s stockholders, and equity attributable to the noncontrolling interests as of September 30, 2024, and during each of the three-month periods following December 31, 2023 (in millions):

|  |  |  |  |  | Community Health Systems, Inc. Stockholders |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest |  |  |  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income |  |  | Accumulated Deficit |  |  | Noncontrolling Interest |  |  | Total Stockholders’ Deficit |
Balance, December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 323 |  |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 2,185 |  |  | $ | (14 | ) |  | $ | (3,564 | ) |  | $ | 245 |  |  | $ | (1,147 | )
Comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 16 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (41 | ) |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | (24 | )
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |  |  | (17 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (33 | ) |  |  | (33 | )
Adjustment to redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3 |
Cancellation of restricted stock for tax withholdings on vested shares |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2 | )
Other reclassifications of noncontrolling interests |  |  | 10 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  | (10 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6 |
Balance, March 31, 2024 |  |  | 329 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 2,192 |  |  |  | (16 | ) |  |  | (3,605 | ) |  |  | 221 |  |  |  | (1,207 | )
Comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 15 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | (14 | ) |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 14 |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |  |  | (14 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (20 | ) |  |  | (20 | )
Purchases of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interests |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2 | )
Adjustment to redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2 | )
Other reclassifications of noncontrolling interests |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 12 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2 |
Balance, June 30, 2024 |  |  | 324 |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 2,190 |  |  |  | (13 | ) |  |  | (3,619 | ) |  |  | 238 |  |  |  | (1,203 | )
Comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 13 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | (391 | ) |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | (363 | )
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |  |  | (10 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (26 | ) |  |  | (26 | )
Purchases of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interests |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | )
Adjustment to redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |
Disposition of less-than-wholly owned entity |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (4 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4 |
Balance, September 30, 2024 |  | $ | 322 |  |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 2,194 |  |  | $ | (8 | ) |  | $ | (4,010 | ) |  | $ | 231 |  |  | $ | (1,592 | )

The following schedule discloses the effects of changes in the Company’s ownership interest in its less-than-wholly-owned subsidiaries (in millions):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net income (loss) attributable to Community Health Systems, Inc. stockholders |  | $ | 130 |  |  | $ | (391 | ) |  | $ | 399 |  |  | $ | (446 | )
Transfers to the noncontrolling interests: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net (decrease) increase in Community Health Systems, Inc. paid-in-capital for purchase of subsidiary partnership interests |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 4 |
Net transfers to the noncontrolling interests |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 4 |
Change to Community Health Systems, Inc. stockholders’ deficit from net income (loss) attributable to Community Health Systems, Inc. stockholders and transfers to noncontrolling interests |  | $ | 129 |  |  | $ | (390 | ) |  | $ | 398 |  |  | $ | (442 | )

22

COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (continued)

11. EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the components of the denominator for the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for net income (loss) attributable to Community Health Systems, Inc. stockholders:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding — basic |  |  | 133,787,535 |  |  |  | 132,376,226 |  |  |  | 133,479,323 |  |  |  | 131,998,973 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted stock awards |  |  | 695,653 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 455,358 |  |  |  | — |
Employee stock options |  |  | 1,302 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,732 |  |  |  | — |
Other equity-based awards |  |  | 703,102 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 577,683 |  |  |  | — |
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding — diluted |  |  | 135,187,592 |  |  |  | 132,376,226 |  |  |  | 134,514,096 |  |  |  | 131,998,973 |

The Company generated a loss attributable to Community Health Systems, Inc. stockholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, so the effect of dilutive securities is not considered because their effect would be antidilutive. If the Company generated income during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the effect of restricted stock awards, employee stock options, and other equity-based awards on the diluted shares calculation would have been an increase of 1,883,693 shares and 1,064,103 shares, respectively.

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Dilutive securities outstanding not included in the computation of earnings per share because their effect is antidilutive: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Employee stock options and restricted stock awards |  |  | 5,010,718 |  |  |  | 2,731,250 |  |  |  | 5,852,385 |  |  |  | 4,767,859 |

12. SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company is principally engaged in the provision of healthcare services, including a broad range of general and specialized hospital healthcare services and outpatient services. Services are delivered within hospitals that the Company owns or operates as well as related healthcare entities that exist to support and supplement services provided in their associated hospital, including, for example, physician practices, urgent care centers, freestanding emergency departments, occupational medicine clinics, imaging centers, cancer centers and ambulatory surgery centers.

The Company has a single reportable segment represented by hospital operations, which includes its general acute care hospitals and related healthcare entities that provide inpatient and outpatient healthcare services. The Company defined its single reportable segment consistent with the manner in which internally reported financial information is regularly reviewed by the Company’s chief executive officer, who is the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). Resources are allocated and financial performance is assessed on a consolidated basis. As more specifically described in Note 14 - Subsequent Events, the Company’s CODM changed effective October 1, 2025, in connection with the appointment of Kevin J. Hammons as the Company’s Interim Chief Executive Officer on such date.

The CODM does not review assets at a different level or category than the amounts disclosed in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

23

COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (continued)

The Company’s CODM uses net income (loss), as presented in the consolidated statements of income (loss), to assess performance and allocate resources. Net income (loss) is used in the annual budgeting process as well as throughout the period when projecting or forecasting quarterly and full-year performance. The CODM considers budget-to-actual and actual versus prior period (prior month, prior year, etc.) variances on a periodic basis as a means of assessing performance. The following segment information, including significant segment expenses, is presented (in millions):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net operating revenues |  | $ | 3,087 |  |  | $ | 3,090 |  |  | $ | 9,379 |  |  | $ | 9,369 |
Less: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and benefits |  |  | 1,356 |  |  |  | 1,359 |  |  |  | 4,056 |  |  |  | 4,054 |
Supplies |  |  | 460 |  |  |  | 469 |  |  |  | 1,418 |  |  |  | 1,439 |
Contract labor |  |  | 38 |  |  |  | 41 |  |  |  | 119 |  |  |  | 134 |
Medical specialist fees |  |  | 165 |  |  |  | 167 |  |  |  | 479 |  |  |  | 470 |
Other segment items |  |  | 696 |  |  |  | 875 |  |  |  | 2,194 |  |  |  | 2,357 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 108 |  |  |  | 117 |  |  |  | 317 |  |  |  | 357 |
Interest expense |  |  | 217 |  |  |  | 217 |  |  |  | 651 |  |  |  | 645 |
Interest income |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (2 | )
Impairment and (gain) loss on sale of businesses, net |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | 267 |  |  |  | (242 | ) |  |  | 294 |
Loss (gain) from early extinguishment of debt |  |  | 33 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (105 | ) |  |  | (25 | )
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (9 | ) |  |  | (7 | )
Benefit from income taxes |  |  | (173 | ) |  |  | (64 | ) |  |  | (13 | ) |  |  | (13 | )
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 171 |  |  | $ | (355 | ) |  | $ | 516 |  |  | $ | (334 | )

Other segment items include various purchased services and other operating expenses including, for example, lease cost and rent expense, repairs and maintenance, utilities, professional liability claims expense and software maintenance fees.

13. CONTINGENCIES

The Company is a party to various legal, regulatory and governmental proceedings incidental to its business. Based on current knowledge, management does not believe that loss contingencies arising from pending legal, regulatory and governmental matters will have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position or liquidity of the Company. However, in light of the inherent uncertainties involved in pending legal, regulatory and governmental matters, some of which are beyond the Company’s control, and the very large or indeterminate damages sought in some of these matters, an adverse outcome in one or more of these matters could be material to the Company’s results of operations or cash flows for any particular reporting period.

With respect to all legal, regulatory and governmental proceedings, the Company considers the likelihood of a negative outcome. If the Company determines the likelihood of a negative outcome with respect to any such matter is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, the Company records an accrual for the estimated loss for the expected outcome of the matter. If the likelihood of a negative outcome with respect to material matters is reasonably possible and the Company is able to determine an estimate of the possible loss or a range of loss, whether in excess of a related accrued liability or where there is no accrued liability, the Company discloses the estimate of the possible loss or range of loss. However, the Company is unable to estimate a possible loss or range of loss in some instances based on the significant uncertainties involved in, and/or the preliminary nature of, certain legal, regulatory and governmental matters.

24

COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) – (continued)

The table below presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending liability balances (in millions) during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, with respect to the Company’s determination of the contingencies of the Company in respect of which an accrual has been recorded. The liability as of September 30, 2025 is comprised of individually insignificant amounts for various matters.

Summary of Recorded Amounts

|  | Probable |
|  | Contingencies |
Balance at December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 16 |
Expense |  |  | — |
Reserve for insured claim |  |  | 3 |
Cash payments |  |  | (2 | )
Balance at September 30, 2025 |  | $ | 17 |

In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, the Company establishes a liability for litigation, regulatory and governmental matters for which, based on information currently available, the Company believes that a negative outcome is known or is probable and the amount of the loss is reasonably estimable. For all such matters (whether or not discussed in this contingencies footnote), such amounts have been recorded in other accrued liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and are included in the table above. Due to the uncertainties and difficulty in predicting the ultimate resolution of these contingencies, the actual amount could differ from the estimated amount reflected as a liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

14. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company has evaluated all material events occurring subsequent to the balance sheet date for events requiring disclosure or recognition in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

On September 10, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors announced the appointment of Kevin J. Hammons as Interim Chief Executive Officer of the Company, effective October 1, 2025, replacing Tim L. Hingtgen who retired effective September 30, 2025. As disclosed in Note 12 - Segment Information, the chief executive officer is the Company’s CODM and the Company’s segment reporting is based on the internal financial information regularly reviewed by the CODM. Tim L. Hingtgen was the CODM during the three months ended September 30, 2025 and Kevin J. Hammons assumed the duties of the CODM beginning October 1, 2025, in connection with his appointment as Interim Chief Executive Officer as described in Note 12 - Segment Information. The Company does not expect the change in the CODM to have a material impact on its determination of reportable segments or significant segment expenses.

In connection with the Company’s divestiture of Tennova Healthcare - Cleveland to Hamilton Health Care Systems, Inc., which was completed effective August 1, 2024, as more specifically described in Note 3 - Acquisitions and Divestitures, the Company received additional cash consideration of approximately $91 million in October 2025 as a result of modifications to applicable supplemental reimbursement programs as more specifically provided in the asset purchase agreement underlying the transaction. Such amount did not qualify for recognition during the three months ended September 30, 2025 and is expected to be recognized as impairment (gain) loss on sale of businesses in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income (loss) during the three months ending December 31, 2025. Additional cash consideration may be received in one or more future periods or a portion of the consideration received may be returned to the buyer subject to periodic reconciliations as set forth in the asset purchase agreement.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis o f Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read this discussion together with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes included herein.

Throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or Form 10-Q, we refer to Community Health Systems, Inc., or the Parent Company, and its consolidated subsidiaries in a simplified manner and on a collective basis, using words like “we,” “our,” “us” and the “Company.” This drafting style is suggested by the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, and is not meant to indicate that the publicly-traded Parent Company or any particular subsidiary of the Parent Company owns or operates any asset, business or property. The hospitals, operations and businesses described in this filing are owned and operated by distinct and indirect subsidiaries of Community Health Systems, Inc.

We are one of the nation’s largest healthcare companies. Our affiliates are leading providers of healthcare services, developing and operating healthcare delivery systems in 36 distinct markets across 14 states. As of September 30, 2025, our subsidiaries own or lease 70 affiliated hospitals, with more than 10,000 beds, and operate more than 1,000 sites of care, including physician practices, urgent care centers, freestanding emergency departments, occupational medicine clinics, imaging centers, cancer centers and ambulatory surgery centers. We generate revenues by providing a broad range of general and specialized hospital healthcare services and outpatient services to patients in the communities in which we are located. For the hospitals and other sites of care that we own and operate, we are paid for our services by governmental agencies, private insurers and directly by the patients we serve.

Acquisition and Divestiture Activity

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, we paid approximately $1 million to acquire the operating assets and related businesses of certain physician practices and clinics that operate within the communities served by our hospitals. The purchase price for these transactions was primarily allocated to working capital and property and equipment.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as reflected in the table below, we completed the divestiture of two hospitals in Florida, one hospital in North Carolina, sold our 80% ownership in one hospital in Texas, and sold our 50% ownership interests in two hospitals in Mississippi. These hospitals represented annual net operating revenues in 2024 of approximately $760 million and we received total net proceeds of approximately $1.0 billion in connection with these dispositions.

The following table provides a summary of hospitals that we divested (or, in the cases of Merit Health Biloxi and Merit Health Madison, in which we divested our 50% ownership interest, and in the case of Cedar Park Regional Medical Center, in which we divested our 80% ownership interest) during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024.

Hospital |  | Buyer |  | City, State |  | Licensed Beds |  | Effective Date
2025 Divestitures: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Merit Health Biloxi |  | Memorial Health System |  | Biloxi, Mississippi |  | 153 |  | February 1, 2025
ShorePoint Health - Port Charlotte |  | AdventHealth |  | Port Charlotte, Florida |  | 254 |  | March 1, 2025
ShorePoint Health - Punta Gorda |  | AdventHealth |  | Punta Gorda, Florida |  | 208 |  | March 1, 2025
Lake Norman Regional Medical Center |  | Duke University Health System, Inc. |  | Mooresville, North Carolina |  | 123 |  | April 1, 2025
Merit Health Madison |  | University of Mississippi Medical Center |  | Canton, Mississippi |  | 67 |  | May 1, 2025
Cedar Park Regional Medical Center |  | Ascension Health |  | Cedar Park, Texas |  | 126 |  | June 30, 2025
2024 Divestitures: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tennova Healthcare - Cleveland |  | Hamilton Health Care Systems, Inc. |  | Cleveland, TN |  | 351 |  | August 1, 2024
Davis Regional Medical Center |  | Iredell Memorial Hospital |  | Statesville, NC |  | 144 |  | October 1, 2024

On July 22, 2025, we entered into a definitive agreement with Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, or Labcorp, pursuant to which Labcorp has agreed to acquire select assets and assume certain leases of the ambulatory outreach business of our subsidiaries in 13 states, including certain patient service centers and in-office phlebotomy locations. The total purchase price payable to us at the closing of this transaction is $195 million, less certain purchase price adjustments. Subject to certain regulatory approvals and the satisfaction or waiver of the closing conditions set forth in the definitive agreement, consummation of this transaction is expected to occur in the fourth quarter of 2025. There can be no assurance that this potential disposition will be completed, or if this potential disposition is completed, the ultimate timing of the completion of this potential disposition. For additional information regarding this definitive agreement, see the Current Report on Form 8-K filed by us on July 22, 2025.

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We may give consideration to divesting certain additional hospitals and non-hospital businesses. Generally, these hospitals and non-hospital businesses are not in one of our strategically beneficial service areas, are less complementary to our business strategy and/or have lower operating margins. In addition, we continue to receive interest from potential acquirers for certain of our hospitals and non-hospital businesses. As such, we may sell additional hospitals and/or non-hospital businesses if we consider any such disposition to be in our best interests. We expect proceeds from any such divestitures to be used for general corporate purposes (including potential debt repayments and/or debt repurchases) and capital expenditures.

Overview of Operating Results

Net operating revenues decreased from $3.090 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to $3.087 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2025. On a same-store basis, net operating revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2025 increased $172 million compared to the same period in 2024.

We had net income of $171 million during the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to net loss of $(355) million for the same period in 2024. Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2025 included the following:

•
an after tax charge of $26 million for loss from early extinguishment of debt, and
•
an after-tax charge of $16 million resulting from the impairment of certain long-lived assets that were idled or disposed.

In addition, net income during the three months ended September 30, 2025, was positively impacted by an income tax benefit of approximately $163 million recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2025, resulting from a decrease in valuation allowances stemming from increased interest deductibility and increased bonus depreciation in connection with the federal budget legislation which was enacted on July 4, 2025.

Net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2024 included the following:

•
an after-tax charge of $13 million for expenses related to costs associated with our multi-year initiative to modernize and consolidate technology platforms and associated processes,
•
an after-tax charge of $223 million resulting from the impairment of certain long-lived assets that were idled, disposed or held-for-sale as well as divestiture related costs, partially offset by the gain related to the sale of a hospital, and
•
an after-tax charge of $116 million for a change in estimate for professional liability claims accrual.

Consolidated inpatient admissions for the three months ended September 30, 2025, decreased 6.6%, compared to the same period in 2024. Consolidated adjusted admissions for the three months ended September 30, 2025, decreased 7.7%, compared to the same period in 2024. Same-store inpatient admissions for the three months ended September 30, 2025, increased 1.3%, compared to the same period in 2024, and same-store adjusted admissions for the three months ended September 30, 2025, increased 0.3%, compared to the same period in 2024.

Net operating revenues increased from $9.369 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to $9.379 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. On a same-store basis, net operating revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased $473 million compared to the same period in 2024.

We had net income of $516 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to net loss of $(334) million for the same period in 2024. Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 included the following:

•
an after tax benefit of $113 million for gain from early extinguishment of debt,
•
an after-tax charge of $7 million for expenses related to costs associated with our multi-year initiative to modernize and consolidate technology platforms and associated processes, and
•
an after-tax benefit of $132 million resulting from a gain related to the divestiture of four hospitals, partially offset by losses on the divestiture of our ownership interest in two separate hospitals and the impairment of certain long-lived assets that were idled or disposed as well as divestiture related costs.

Net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 included the following:

•
an after tax benefit of $27 million for gain from early extinguishment of debt,
•
an after-tax charge of $33 million for expenses related to costs associated with our multi-year initiative to modernize and consolidate technology platforms and associated processes,
•
an after-tax charge of $244 million resulting from impairment of certain long-lived assets that were idled, disposed or held-for-sale as well as divestiture related costs, partially offset by the gain related to the sale of a hospital, and

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•
an after-tax charge of $116 million for a change in estimate for professional liability claims accrual.

Consolidated inpatient admissions for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, decreased 5.0%, compared to the same period in 2024. Consolidated adjusted admissions for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, decreased 6.1%, compared to the same period in 2024. Same-store inpatient admissions for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, increased 2.1%, compared to the same period in 2024, and same-store adjusted admissions for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, increased 0.9%, compared to the same period in 2024.

Self-pay revenues represented approximately 0.8% and 1.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and 0.7% and 1.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The amount of foregone revenue related to providing charity care services as a percentage of net operating revenues was approximately 13.6% and 9.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and 11.3% and 9.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Direct and indirect costs incurred in providing charity care services as a percentage of net operating revenues was approximately 1.4% and 1.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and 1.2% and 1.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Overview of Legislative and Other Governmental Developments

The healthcare industry is subject to changing political, regulatory, economic and other influences that may affect our business. Regulatory uncertainty has increased as a result of recent decisions issued by the U.S. Supreme Court that affect review of federal agency actions, including Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo, and the outcome of the 2024 federal elections. These U.S. Supreme Court decisions increase judicial scrutiny of agency authority, shift greater responsibility for statutory interpretation to courts and expand the timeline in which a plaintiff can sue regulators. These decisions are expected to significantly impact government agency regulation, particularly within the heavily regulated healthcare industry, in part through an increase in legal challenges to healthcare regulations and agency guidance and decisions. Federal agencies oversee, regulate and otherwise affect many aspects of our business, including through Medicare and Medicaid policies, policies affecting the size of the uninsured population and enforcement and interpretation of fraud and abuse laws. Recent Supreme Court decisions may also result in inconsistent judicial interpretations and delays in and other impacts to agency rulemaking and legislative processes. The outcome of the 2024 federal elections, including Republican control of both the executive and legislative branches, also increases regulatory uncertainty and the likelihood of ongoing significant policy changes. Recent actions by the presidential administration impact or may impact the healthcare industry, including actions resulting in holds on or cancellations of congressionally authorized spending as well as interruptions in the distribution of government funds. In addition, President Trump has issued an executive order establishing a presidential advisory commission, the Department of Government Efficiency, or DOGE, focused on restructuring and streamlining government agencies and reducing or eliminating regulations and federal government programs and other expenditures, as well as a directive for agencies to identify and immediately repeal regulations determined to be unlawful. In March 2025, in accordance with the President’s DOGE Workforce Optimization Initiative, the Department of Health and Human Services, or HHS, announced a significant agency restructuring that will reduce the HHS workforce and consolidate divisions of the agency. HHS also announced a change in its policy on public participation in rulemaking that may negatively affect the ability of industry participants to receive advance notice of and offer feedback on some policy changes. Moreover, evolving interpretations or enforcement of applicable laws and regulations could require us to make changes in our facilities or operations or require us to incur other costs to comply. For example, in May 2025, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, or CMS, rescinded Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act, or EMTALA, guidance issued to hospitals by the prior presidential administration regarding the preemption of state laws restricting abortion. Hospitals may face conflicting interpretations as to the requirements imposed by EMTALA in relation to state laws that address access to abortion or other reproductive health services.

In the last two decades, the U.S. Congress and certain state legislatures have introduced and passed a large number of proposals and legislation affecting the healthcare system, including laws intended to increase access to health insurance and reduce healthcare costs and government spending and increase or, more recently, decrease access to health insurance. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, or, collectively, the Affordable Care Act, expanded health insurance coverage through a combination of public program expansion and private sector health insurance reforms, but changes in the law’s implementation, subsequent legislation and regulations, state initiatives and other factors have affected or may affect the number of individuals that elect or are able to obtain public or private health insurance and the scope of such coverage, if obtained. For example, COVID-19 relief legislation, as modified by subsequent legislation, temporarily enhanced subsidies available for individuals to purchase coverage through Affordable Care Act marketplaces through 2025, but extension of these subsidies is uncertain, and their expiration may significantly increase the number of people who are uninsured. Further, CMS issued a final rule in June 2025 that standardizes and shortens the open enrollment period for individual market coverage, both on and off the Affordable Care Act marketplaces, and requires stricter income-verification measures, among other changes. This rule is currently the subject of legal challenges. Moreover, the federal budget reconciliation legislation enacted on July 4, 2025, or the 2025 Reconciliation Law, includes healthcare policy changes that are expected to decrease access to health insurance. Among other provisions, the 2025 Reconciliation Law makes changes to Affordable Care Act marketplace insurance, including effectively ending automatic renewals of

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coverage by requiring pre-enrollment verification of eligibility and restricting subsidized marketplace coverage and Medicare and Medicaid eligibility based on immigration status. Other legislative and executive branch initiatives related to health insurance could also result in increased prices for consumers purchasing health insurance coverage or may permit the sale of insurance plans that do not satisfy current Affordable Care Act consumer protections. Any of these developments could increase rates of uninsured and underinsured individuals and destabilize insurance markets.

Of critical importance to us is the potential impact of any changes specific to the Medicaid program, including changes resulting from legislative and administrative actions at the federal and state levels. Federal actions may impact funding for, or the structure of, the Medicaid program and may shape provider reimbursement rates, eligibility and coverage policies and other aspects of the state Medicaid programs in a manner that could materially and adversely affect us. For example, the 2025 Reconciliation Law includes policy changes that are expected to result in significant cuts to federal healthcare spending, including significant changes to the Medicaid program. The 2025 Reconciliation Law limits eligibility for Medicaid, reduces federal Medicaid funding and expands cost-sharing obligations for enrollees. Among other changes, the law includes work or community engagement requirements for adults under the age of 65 in the Medicaid expansion population, subject to limited exceptions, and requires eligibility redeterminations at least every six months for Medicaid expansion adults, with state compliance required by December 31, 2026.

In addition, the 2025 Reconciliation Law makes significant changes to Medicaid financing mechanisms, including restrictions on provider tax arrangements that are intended to reduce the federal matching funds received by state Medicaid programs. The law prohibits states from establishing new provider taxes or increasing rates of existing provider taxes while also limiting the structure of such taxes. The law also directs HHS to revise regulations governing state directed payment, or SDP, arrangements, which many states have implemented to direct certain Medicaid managed care expenditures, to cap total payments rates for specified services including hospital services. Some provisions of the 2025 Reconciliation Law could have a particularly significant impact in states that expanded Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act, especially if a significant number of individuals formerly covered under Medicaid expansion lose Medicaid eligibility but do not obtain other health insurance coverage. Of the 14 states in which we operated hospitals as of September 30, 2025, eight states have taken action to expand their Medicaid programs. The other six states in which we operated hospitals as of September 30, 2025, have opted out of Medicaid expansion, including Florida, Alabama, Tennessee, Mississippi and Texas, in which states we operated a significant number of hospitals as of September 30, 2025. Although we are unable to fully assess the magnitude of the future impact of the 2025 Reconciliation Law, we expect the 2025 Reconciliation Law as described above to adversely impact our revenue and financial results as well as increase the amount of our self-pay patients, including as a result of this legislation’s limitations on Medicaid eligibility and reductions in federal Medicaid funding as noted above.

Future Medicaid reform proposals may result in further reductions to Medicaid expenditures and involve additional administrative changes. For example, some members of Congress and the presidential administration have raised, and Congress may in the future adopt, other proposals intended to reduce Medicaid expenditures such as restructuring the Medicaid program to give states a “block grant” or fixed amount of overall funding for their respective Medicaid programs or to impose spending caps such as per Medicaid beneficiary limits on federal contributions. Any future changes that reduce federal funding for Medicaid expansion populations could trigger laws in some states that would end those states’ Medicaid expansion or require other changes to the program. In addition to changes related to federal funding, CMS administrators may make changes to Medicaid payment models and may grant states additional flexibilities in the administration of Medicaid programs, including by allowing states to impose additional eligibility or coverage restrictions.

The federal deficit and other federal and state budgetary pressures have affected government healthcare program expenditures, and we anticipate these effects will continue. For example, the 2025 Reconciliation Law is expected to decrease federal healthcare spending, particularly with respect to Medicaid, and is generally expected to have significant impact on state budgets, which may result in state-level changes such as reductions to the scope of covered services or tax increases. In addition, the 2025 Reconciliation Law increases the federal budget deficit in a manner that triggers a statutorily mandated sequestration under the Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010. As a result, a Medicare spending reduction of up to 4% is required to take effect in early 2026, absent congressional action. These reductions would be in addition to the payment reductions required by the Budget Control Act of 2011 and subsequent legislation, which are currently set to continue through the first ten months of federal fiscal year 2032. It is possible that future deficit reduction legislation will impose additional spending reductions.

Reimbursement by government programs may be affected by broad shifts in payment policy. For example, recent changes related to the 340B Drug Pricing Program have implications for all hospitals reimbursed under the outpatient prospective payment system, or PPS, including those, like ours, that do not participate in the program. In 2018, CMS implemented a payment policy that reduced Medicare payments for 340B hospitals for most drugs obtained at 340B-discounted rates and that resulted in increased payments for non-340B hospitals. In June 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court, in American Hospital Association v. Becerra, invalidated past payment cuts for hospitals participating in the 340B Drug Pricing Program. In light of the U.S. Supreme Court decision and to achieve budget neutrality, CMS reduced payment rates for non-drug services under the outpatient PPS for calendar year 2023, and lump sum payments were distributed to affected 340B providers as the remedy for calendar years 2018 through 2022. This reduction to payment rates adversely affected our results for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. Moreover, in order to comply with budget

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neutrality requirements, HHS finalized a corresponding offset in future non-drug item and service payments for all outpatient PPS providers (except new providers) that will reduce the outpatient PPS conversion factor starting in calendar year 2026. Under current regulations, the conversion factor will be reduced by 0.5% annually, an adjustment that will continue for approximately 16 years. In July 2025, CMS issued a proposed rule that would, if finalized, instead reduce the conversion factor by 2% annually and continue for approximately five years. The reduction to the outpatient PPS conversion factor, whether implemented under current regulations or accelerated under the proposed rule, is anticipated to adversely impact our results beginning in 2026.

In addition, payment adjustments may apply to hospitals reimbursed under the inpatient PPS as a result of a 2024 court decision that vacated a low wage index policy CMS adopted in 2020. Under the policy, CMS increased the wage index values for hospitals with low wage index, thereby increasing their reimbursement, and offset these increases by decreasing reimbursement for all other hospitals. CMS addressed the impact of the court decision prospectively in its final rules updating inpatient hospital payment rates and policies for federal fiscal years 2025 and 2026, removing the upward reimbursement adjustment for the low-wage hospitals and the related budget neutrality factor that decreased reimbursement for all other hospitals, and establishing a transitional payment policy for low wage index hospitals significantly impacted by removal of the policy. It is not yet clear whether, when, or how the agency will address the impact of the low wage policy in federal fiscal years 2020 through 2024.

The federal government entered a partial shutdown effective October 1, 2025. Although Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement generally remains available through a shutdown, we may experience delays in payment for services rendered and other effects related to government agencies operating at reduced capacity. In addition, the government shutdown is preventing congressional action on significant issues. For example, current law provides for reductions to Medicaid disproportionate share hospital, or DSH, payments to take effect October 1, 2025, and to be reduced by $8.0 billion in each of federal fiscal years 2026 through 2028. Medicaid DSH payments are a type of supplemental payment intended to offset hospitals’ uncompensated care costs. Congress has repeatedly delayed these DSH reductions, but it is unclear whether it will do so again when the government shutdown is over and whether any such delay would apply retroactively.

Sources of Revenue

The following table presents the approximate percentages of net operating revenues by payor source for the periods indicated. The data for the periods presented are not strictly comparable due to the effect that businesses acquired, sold, closed or opened during each of the respective periods, as applicable, have had on these statistics.

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Medicare |  |  | 17.1 | % |  |  | 18.2 | % |  |  | 17.7 | % |  |  | 18.4 | %
Medicare Managed Care |  |  | 17.2 |  |  |  | 17.5 |  |  |  | 17.9 |  |  |  | 17.9 |
Medicaid |  |  | 16.4 |  |  |  | 14.2 |  |  |  | 16.3 |  |  |  | 14.4 |
Managed Care and other third-party payors |  |  | 48.5 |  |  |  | 49.0 |  |  |  | 47.4 |  |  |  | 47.9 |
Self-pay |  |  | 0.8 |  |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  | 1.4 |
Total |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | %

As shown above, we receive a substantial portion of our revenues from the Medicare, Medicare Managed Care and Medicaid programs. Included in Managed Care and other third-party payors is net operating revenues from insurance companies with which we have insurance provider contracts, insurance companies for which we do not have insurance provider contracts, workers’ compensation carriers and non-patient service revenue, such as gain (loss) on investments, rental income and cafeteria sales. We generally expect the portion of revenues received from the Medicare and Medicare Managed Care programs to increase over the long-term due to the general aging of the population and other factors. There has been a trend toward increased enrollment in Medicare Managed Care and Medicaid managed care programs, which may adversely affect our net operating revenues. We may also be impacted by regulatory requirements imposed on insurers, such as minimum medical-loss ratios and specific benefit requirements. Furthermore, in the normal course of business, managed care programs, insurance companies and employers actively negotiate the amounts paid to hospitals. Our relationships with payors may be impacted by price transparency initiatives and out-of-network billing restrictions, including those in the No Surprises Act. There can be no assurance that we will retain our existing reimbursement arrangements or that third-party payors will not attempt to further reduce the rates they pay for our services. The revenues we receive and our relationships with payors are also expected to be impacted by the 2025 Reconciliation Law, which includes healthcare policy changes that are expected to decrease access to health insurance and result in significant cuts to federal healthcare spending.

Net operating revenues include amounts estimated by management to be reimbursable by Medicare and Medicaid under prospective payment systems and provisions of cost-based reimbursement and other payment methods. In addition, we are reimbursed by non-governmental payors using a variety of payment methodologies. Amounts we receive for the treatment of patients covered by

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Medicare, Medicaid and non-governmental payors are generally less than our standard billing rates. We account for the differences between the estimated program reimbursement rates and our standard billing rates as contractual allowance adjustments, which we deduct from gross revenues to arrive at net operating revenues. Final settlements under some of these programs are subject to adjustment based on administrative review and audit by third parties. We account for adjustments to previous program reimbursement estimates as contractual allowance adjustments and report them in the periods that such adjustments become known. Contractual allowance adjustments related to final settlements and previous program reimbursement estimates impacted net operating revenues by an insignificant amount in each of the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

The payment rates under the Medicare program for hospital inpatient and outpatient acute care services are based on prospective payment systems, which depend upon a patient’s diagnosis or the clinical complexity of services provided to a patient, among other factors. These rates are indexed for inflation annually, although increases have historically been less than actual inflation. In its final rule establishing payment rates for federal fiscal year 2026 (which began October 1, 2025) for hospital inpatient acute care services reimbursed under the prospective system, CMS increased payment rates by approximately 2.6%. This increase reflects a market basket increase of 3.3%, reduced by a 0.7 percentage point productivity adjustment. Hospitals that do not submit required patient quality data are subject to payment reductions. We are complying with this data submission requirement. Payments may also be affected by various other adjustments, including those that depend on patient-specific or hospital specific factors. For example, the “two midnight rule” establishes admission and medical review criteria for inpatient services limiting when services to Medicare beneficiaries are payable as inpatient hospital services. Reductions in the rate of increase or overall reductions in Medicare reimbursement may cause a decline in the growth of our net operating revenues.

Payment rates under the Medicaid program vary by state. In addition to the base payment rates for specific claims for services rendered to Medicaid enrollees, several states utilize supplemental reimbursement programs to make separate payments that are not specifically tied to an individual’s care, some of which offset a portion of the cost of providing care to Medicaid and indigent patients. These programs are funded with a combination of state and federal resources, including, in certain instances, fees or taxes levied on the providers. The programs are generally authorized by CMS for a specified period of time and require CMS’s approval to be extended. In addition, as noted above, the 2025 Reconciliation Law includes several changes to Medicaid financing mechanisms, including limitations on provider taxes and SDP arrangements. It is difficult to predict the ultimate impact of the legislation on these supplemental programs or whether or on what terms CMS will extend the supplemental programs in the states in which we operate. Under these supplemental programs, we recognize revenue and related expenses in the period in which amounts are estimable and payment is reasonably assured. Reimbursement under these programs is reflected in net operating revenues and included as Medicaid revenue in the table above, and fees, taxes or other program related costs are reflected in other operating expenses.

Results of Operations

Our hospitals and other sites of care offer a broad variety of inpatient and outpatient medical and surgical services. These include general acute care, emergency room, general and specialty surgery, critical care, internal medicine, obstetrics, diagnostic services, psychiatric and rehabilitation services. Utilization of services and our results of operations are dependent on a multitude of factors including seasonal fluctuations in demand. Historically, the strongest demand for hospital services generally occurs during the winter months, and the weakest demand generally occurs during the summer months.

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The following tables summarize, for the periods indicated, selected operating data.

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Operating results, as a percentage of net operating revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net operating revenues |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | %
Operating expenses (a) |  |  | (87.9 | ) |  |  | (94.2 | ) |  |  | (88.1 | ) |  |  | (90.3 | )
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | (3.5 | ) |  |  | (3.8 | ) |  |  | (3.4 | ) |  |  | (3.8 | )
Impairment and (gain) loss on sale of businesses, net |  |  | (0.7 | ) |  |  | (8.6 | ) |  |  | 2.6 |  |  |  | (3.1 | )
Income (loss) from operations |  |  | 7.9 |  |  |  | (6.6 | ) |  |  | 11.1 |  |  |  | 2.8 |
Interest expense, net |  |  | (7.0 | ) |  |  | (7.1 | ) |  |  | (6.9 | ) |  |  | (6.9 | )
(Loss) gain from early extinguishment of debt |  |  | (1.1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  | 0.3 |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.1 |
(Loss) income before income taxes |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  |  | (13.6 | ) |  |  | 5.4 |  |  |  | (3.7 | )
Benefit from income taxes |  |  | 5.6 |  |  |  | 2.1 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.1 |
Net income (loss) |  |  | 5.5 |  |  |  | (11.5 | ) |  |  | 5.5 |  |  |  | (3.6 | )
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests |  |  | (1.3 | ) |  |  | (1.2 | ) |  |  | (1.2 | ) |  |  | (1.2 | )
Net income (loss) attributable to Community Health Systems, Inc. stockholders |  |  | 4.2 | % |  |  | (12.7 | )% |  |  | 4.3 | % |  |  | (4.8 | )%

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Percentage (decrease) increase from prior year: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net operating revenues |  |  | (0.1 | )% |  |  | 0.1 | % |  |  | 0.1 | % |  |  | 0.7 | %
Admissions (b) |  |  | (6.6 | ) |  |  | (4.1 | ) |  |  | (5.0 | ) |  |  | (3.1 | )
Adjusted admissions (c) |  |  | (7.7 | ) |  |  | (3.7 | ) |  |  | (6.1 | ) |  |  | (3.4 | )
Average length of stay (d) |  |  | (2.3 | ) |  |  | 2.4 |  |  |  | (2.3 | ) |  |  | — |
Net income (loss) attributable to Community Health Systems, Inc. stockholders |  |  | 133.2 |  |  |  | (329.7 | ) |  |  | 189.5 |  |  |  | (147.8 | )
Same-store percentage increase from prior year (e): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net operating revenues |  |  | 6.0 | % |  |  | 5.1 | % |  |  | 5.5 | % |  |  | 5.2 | %
Admissions (b) |  |  | 1.3 |  |  |  | 2.4 |  |  |  | 2.1 |  |  |  | 3.0 |
Adjusted admissions (c) |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | 2.6 |  |  |  | 0.9 |  |  |  | 2.5 |

(a)
Operating expenses include salaries and benefits, supplies, other operating expenses, and lease cost and rent.
(b)
Admissions represents the number of patients admitted for inpatient treatment.
(c)
Adjusted admissions is a general measure of combined inpatient and outpatient volume. We computed adjusted admissions by multiplying admissions by gross patient revenues and then dividing that number by gross inpatient revenues.
(d)
Average length of stay represents the average number of days inpatients stay in our hospitals.
(e)
Excludes information for businesses divested or closed during each of the respective periods, as applicable.

Items (b) through (e) are metrics used to manage our performance. These metrics provide useful insight to investors about the volume and acuity of services we provide, which aid in evaluating our financial results.

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Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2024

Net operating revenues decreased to $3.087 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $3.090 billion for the same period in 2024. Net operating revenues on a same-store basis from hospitals that were operated throughout both periods increased $172 million, or 6.0%, during the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024. On a period-over-period basis, the increase in same-store net operating revenues was primarily attributable to increased reimbursement rates, higher supplemental reimbursement program revenue and favorable changes in payor mix, partially offset by lower acuity. Non-same-store net operating revenues decreased $175 million during the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, due to the divestiture of hospitals in 2025 and 2024, partially offset by an increase in non-patient revenue resulting primarily from the receipt of $28 million for the settlement of a legal matter. On a consolidated basis, inpatient admissions decreased by 6.6% and adjusted admissions decreased by 7.7% during the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024. On a same-store basis, net operating revenues per adjusted admission increased 5.6%, while inpatient admissions increased by 1.3% and adjusted admissions increased by 0.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024.

Total operating expenses, as a percentage of net operating revenues, decreased from 106.6% during the three months ended September 30, 2024 to 92.1% during the three months ended September 30, 2025. Operating expenses, excluding depreciation and amortization and impairment and (gain) loss on sale of businesses, as a percentage of net operating revenues, decreased from 94.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to 87.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2025. Salaries and benefits, as a percentage of net operating revenues, decreased from 44.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to 43.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2025. Supplies, as a percentage of net operating revenues, decreased from 15.2% for three months ended September 30, 2024 to 14.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2025, primarily due to divestitures. Other operating expenses, as a percentage of net operating revenues, decreased from 32.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to 26.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2025, primarily due to divestitures, partially offset by higher medical specialist fees and increased supplemental reimbursement program expense. Lease cost and rent, as a percentage of net operating revenues, decreased from 2.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to 2.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2025.

Depreciation and amortization, as a percentage of net operating revenues, decreased from 3.8% for three months ended September 30, 2024 to 3.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2025, primarily due to a reduction in the amortization of capitalized internal-use software and the impact of hospital divestitures in 2025 and 2024.

Impairment and (gain) loss on sale of businesses, net was expense of $21 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to expense of $267 million for the same period in 2024. The expense recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2025 resulted from impairment charges recorded to reduce the carrying value of several assets that were idled or disposed. The expense recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2024 was comprised of (i) an approximately $259 million impairment charge recorded to reduce the carrying value of four hospitals that were deemed held-for-sale based on the difference between carrying value of the hospital disposal group compared to the estimated fair value less costs to sell, and (ii) an approximately $12 million impairment charge recorded to reduce the carrying value of several assets that were idled, disposed or held-for-sale, partially offset by a gain of approximately $4 million related to the sale of one hospital.

Interest expense, net, remained consistent at $216 million for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, as a percentage of net operating revenues, remained consistent at 0.1% for both of the three-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Loss from early extinguishment of debt of $33 million was recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2025, as a result of the refinancing and extinguishment of certain of our outstanding notes as discussed further in “Liquidity and Capital Resources.” There was no loss from early extinguishment of debt during the three months ended September 30, 2024.

The net results of the above-mentioned changes resulted in loss before income taxes decreasing $417 million to $(2) million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $(419) million for the same period in 2024.

Our benefit from income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $(173) million and $(64) million, respectively, and the effective tax rates were 8,650.0% and 15.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in the benefit from income taxes and the difference in our effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024 was primarily due to a decrease in valuation allowances stemming from increased interest deductibility and increased bonus depreciation as a result of the 2025 Reconciliation Law which resulted in an income tax benefit of approximately $163 million recognized by us during the three months ended September 30, 2025.

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Net income, as a percentage of net operating revenues, was 5.5% for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to net loss of (11.5)% for the same period in 2024.

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests as a percentage of net operating revenues increased from 1.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 to 1.3% for the three months ended September 30, 2025.

Net income attributable to Community Health Systems, Inc. stockholders was $130 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025, compared to net loss of $(391) million for the same period in 2024.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024

Net operating revenues increased to $9.379 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $9.369 billion for the same period in 2024. Net operating revenues on a same-store basis from hospitals that were operated throughout both periods increased $473 million, or 5.5%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024. On a period-over-period basis, the increase in same-store net operating revenues was primarily attributable to increased reimbursement rates, higher supplemental reimbursement program revenue and favorable changes in payor mix, partially offset by lower acuity. Non-same-store net operating revenues decreased $463 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, due to the divestiture of hospitals in 2025 and 2024, partially offset by an increase in non-patient revenue resulting primarily from the receipt of $28 million for the settlement of a legal matter. On a consolidated basis, inpatient admissions decreased by 5.0% and adjusted admissions decreased by 6.1% during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024. On a same-store basis, net operating revenues per adjusted admission increased 4.5%, while inpatient admissions increased by 2.1% and adjusted admissions increased by 0.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024.

Total operating expenses, as a percentage of net operating revenues, decreased from 97.2% during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to 88.9% during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. Operating expenses, excluding depreciation and amortization and impairment and (gain) loss on sale of businesses, as a percentage of net operating revenues, decreased from 90.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to 88.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. Salaries and benefits, as a percentage of net operating revenues, decreased from 43.3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to 43.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. Supplies, as a percentage of net operating revenues, decreased from 15.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to 15.1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, primarily due to divestitures. Other operating expenses, as a percentage of net operating revenues, decreased from 29.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to 27.6% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, primarily due to divestitures, partially offset by higher medical specialist fees and increased supplemental reimbursement program expense. Lease cost and rent, as a percentage of net operating revenues, decreased from 2.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to 2.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

Depreciation and amortization, as a percentage of net operating revenues, decreased from 3.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 to 3.4% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, primarily due to a reduction in the amortization of capitalized internal-use software and the impact of hospital divestitures in 2025 and 2024.

Impairment and (gain) loss on sale of businesses, net was a gain of $242 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to expense of $294 million for the same period in 2024. The net gain recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was comprised of a gain of approximately $288 million related to the divestiture of four hospitals, partially offset by (i) an approximately $31 million impairment charge to adjust the carrying value of long-lived assets at two hospitals that were divested at a price below carrying value, and (ii) an approximately $15 million impairment charge recorded to reduce the carrying value of several assets that were idled or disposed. The expense recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was comprised of (i) an approximately $259 million impairment charge recorded to reduce the carrying value of four hospitals that were deemed held-for-sale based on the difference between carrying value of the hospital disposal group compared to the estimated fair value less costs to sell, and (ii) an approximately $39 million impairment charge recorded to reduce the carrying value of several assets that were idled, disposed or held-for-sale, partially offset by a gain of approximately $4 million related to the sale of one hospital.

Interest expense, net, increased by $6 million to $649 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $643 million for the same period in 2024 due primarily to financing activities in 2024 and 2025.

Gain from early extinguishment of debt of $105 million was recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $25 million for the same period in 2024, as a result of the refinancing and extinguishment of certain of our outstanding notes as discussed further in “Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

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Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, as a percentage of net operating revenues, remained consistent at 0.1% for both of the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

The net results of the above-mentioned changes resulted in income before income taxes increasing $850 million to $503 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to loss before income taxes of $(347) million for the same period in 2024.

Our benefit from income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was $(13) million and $(13) million, respectively, and the effective tax rates were (2.6)% and 3.7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The difference in our effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024 was primarily due to higher pre-tax income in 2025 compared to 2024 and a decrease in valuation allowances stemming from increased interest deductibility and increased bonus depreciation as a result of the 2025 Reconciliation Law which resulted in an income tax benefit of approximately $163 million recognized by us during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

Net income, as a percentage of net operating revenues, was 5.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to net loss of (3.6)% for the same period in 2024.

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests as a percentage of net operating revenues remained consistent at 1.2% for both of the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Net income attributable to Community Health Systems, Inc. stockholders was $399 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to net loss of $(446) million for the same period in 2024.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Net cash provided by operating activities increased $13 million, from approximately $264 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, to approximately $277 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The increase in cash provided by operating activities is primarily due to lower professional liability claim payments and increased non-patient revenues, partially offset by increased cash paid for interest and taxes. Cash paid for interest was $622 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $562 million for the same period in 2024. Cash paid for income taxes, net of refunds received, resulted in a net payment of $192 million and $132 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Approximately $126 million of cash paid for taxes during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, related to gains on divested hospitals for which proceeds were received during the six months ended June 30, 2025. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, approximately $17 million of cash paid for taxes related to the gain on a hospital divested during the period.

Net cash provided by investing activities was approximately $705 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to net cash used in investing activities of approximately $132 million for the same period in 2024. Net cash provided by investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was impacted by an increase of $838 million in cash proceeds from dispositions of hospitals and other ancillary operations, partially offset by a decrease of $20 million in cash from the net impact of the purchases and sales of available-for-sale debt and equity securities.

Our net cash used in financing activities was approximately $896 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to approximately $137 million for the same period in 2024, a change of $759 million. This was primarily due to the net impact of our debt borrowings and repayments during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024.

Liquidity

Net working capital was approximately $1.020 billion at September 30, 2025 and approximately $956 million at December 31, 2024. Net working capital increased by approximately $64 million between December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2025. The increase is primarily due to increases in cash and prepaid expenses and taxes and decreases in accounts payable, accrued liabilities for employee compensation and accrued interest during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, partially offset by decreases in patient accounts receivable, prepaid income taxes and other current assets.

In addition to cash flows from operations, available sources of capital include amounts available under the asset-based loan credit agreement, or the ABL Credit Agreement, and anticipated access to public and private debt markets as well as proceeds from the disposition of hospitals or other investments such as our minority equity interests in various businesses, as applicable.

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Pursuant to the ABL Credit Agreement, the lenders have extended to CHS/Community Health Systems, Inc. (a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Parent Company), or CHS, a revolving asset-based loan facility, or ABL Facility. The maximum aggregate amount under the ABL Facility is $1.0 billion, subject to borrowing base capacity. At September 30, 2025, we had no outstanding borrowings and approximately $806 million of additional borrowing capacity (after taking into consideration $34 million of outstanding letters of credit) under the ABL Facility. Letters of credit were reduced during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 by $32 million, primarily due to a reduction in collateral for an insurance-related bond. The issued letters of credit were primarily in support of potential insurance-related claims and certain bonds. Principal amounts outstanding under the ABL Facility, if any, will be due and payable in full on June 5, 2029.

2025 Financing Activity

On May 9, 2025, CHS completed the offering of $700 million aggregate principal amount of 10.750% Senior Secured Notes due June 15, 2033, or the 10¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2033, to a multi-asset investment manager through a privately negotiated agreement. The 10¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2033 bear interest at a rate of 10.750% per year payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year, commencing on December 15, 2025. Proceeds from issuance of the 10¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2033, together with cash on hand, were used to redeem all outstanding 8% Senior Secured Notes due 2027 and to pay related fees and expenses.

In addition, approximately $584 million principal amount of the 6⅞% Senior Unsecured Notes due 2028 were redeemed in May 2025 via a tender offer using cash on-hand of approximately $438 million.

For additional information regarding the sale of the 10¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2033, the redemption of the 8% Senior Secured Notes due 2027, and the tender offer, see the Current Reports on Form 8-K filed by us with the SEC on April 23, 2025, May 7, 2025, and May 9, 2025.

On August 12, 2025, CHS completed an offering of $1.790 billion principal amount of 9.750% Senior Secured Notes due 2034, or the 9¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2034. The proceeds from the issuance of the 9¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2034 were used to redeem $1.743 billion principal amount of 5.625% Senior Secured Notes due 2027, or approximately 99% of the total outstanding principal amount, that were validly tendered and accepted for purchase pursuant to a tender offer that launched on July 28, 2025, and was completed on August 25, 2025, and to pay related fees and expenses. Upon completion of the tender offer, approximately $14 million principal amount of the 5.625% Senior Secured Notes due 2027 remain outstanding. The 9¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2034 bear interest at a rate of 9.750% per year payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, commencing on March 15, 2026. The 9¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2034 are unconditionally guaranteed on a senior-priority secured basis by us and each of the current and future domestic subsidiaries that provide guarantees under the ABL Facility.

For additional information regarding the sale of the 9¾% Senior Secured Notes due 2034, the redemption of the 5.625% Senior Secured Notes due 2027, and the tender offer, see the Current Reports on Form 8-K filed by us with the SEC on July 29, 2025 and August 12, 2025.

A pre-tax loss from early extinguishment of debt of approximately $33 million and a pre-tax gain of $105 million was recognized associated with these financing activities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively.

Additional Liquidity Information

Our ability to meet the restricted covenants and financial ratios and tests in the ABL Facility and the indentures governing our outstanding notes can be affected by events beyond our control, and we cannot assure you that we will meet those tests. A breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under the ABL Facility and/or the indentures that govern our outstanding notes. Upon the occurrence of an event of default under the ABL Facility or indentures that govern our outstanding notes, all amounts outstanding under the ABL Facility and the indentures that govern our outstanding notes may become immediately due and payable and all commitments under the ABL Facility to extend further credit may be terminated.

As of September 30, 2025, approximately $16 million of our outstanding debt of approximately $10.6 billion is due within the next 12 months.

In connection with our divestiture of Tennova Healthcare - Cleveland to Hamilton Health Care Systems, Inc., which was completed effective August 1, 2024, we received additional cash consideration of approximately $91 million in October 2025 as a result of modifications to applicable supplemental reimbursement programs as more specifically provided in the asset purchase agreement underlying the transaction. Additional cash consideration may be received in one or more future periods or a portion of the consideration received may be returned to the buyer subject to periodic reconciliations as set forth in the asset purchase agreement underlying the transaction.

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Net proceeds from divestitures, if any, are expected to be used for general corporate purposes (including potential debt repayments and/or debt repurchases) and capital expenditures.

We believe that our current levels of cash, internally generated cash flows and current levels of availability for additional borrowing under the ABL Facility, our anticipated continued access to the capital markets, and the use of proceeds from any potential future dispositions as noted above, will be sufficient to finance acquisitions, capital expenditures, working capital requirements, and any debt repurchases or other debt repayments we may elect to make or be required to make through the next 12 months and the foreseeable future thereafter. However, ongoing negative economic conditions (including in relation to inflationary pressures, elevated interest rate levels and impacts from the imposition of, or changes in, tariffs) have resulted in, and may continue to result in, significant disruptions of financial and capital markets, which could reduce our ability to access capital and negatively affect our liquidity in the future.

We may elect from time to time to continue to purchase our outstanding debt, including through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Any such debt repurchases will depend upon prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions, applicable securities law requirements and other factors.

There have been no material changes outside of the ordinary course of business to our upcoming cash obligations during the three months ended September 30, 2025, from those disclosed under “Capital Resources” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in the 2024 Form 10-K.

Capital Resources

Cash expenditures for the purchases of facilities and other related businesses were approximately $1 million for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, which primarily related to cash expenditures for physician practices and clinics.

Capital expenditures relate primarily to expansion and renovation of existing facilities, construction of additional access points such as free-standing emergency departments and ambulatory surgery centers, investments in higher acuity service lines and information technology infrastructure, as well as routine expenditures for equipment, minor renovations and other upgrades. Capital expenditures totaled $241 million and $251 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. We expect total capital expenditures of approximately $350 million to $400 million in 2025.

Pursuant to a hospital purchase agreement from our March 1, 2016 acquisition of Northwest Health - Starke, formerly known as Starke Hospital, we committed to make an investment of up to $15 million toward the construction of a replacement facility in Starke County, Indiana. Construction is required to be completed by the earlier of (i) five years after we enter into a new lease (or amendment to the existing lease) with Starke County, Indiana, or (ii) September 30, 2026. We have not entered into a new lease (or amendment to the existing lease) with Starke County, Indiana.

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Reimbursement, Legislative and Regulatory Changes

Ongoing presidential actions, legislative and regulatory efforts and judicial interpretations could reduce or otherwise adversely affect the amount of payments we receive from Medicare and Medicaid and other payors, including through lapses in appropriations and holds on or cancellations of congressionally authorized spending. As noted above, the 2025 Reconciliation Law includes healthcare policy changes that are expected to decrease access to health insurance and result in significant cuts to federal healthcare spending. There is uncertainty regarding the implementation and ultimate impact of the law, but it may adversely affect our revenues. In addition, within the statutory framework of the Medicare and Medicaid programs, there are substantial areas subject to administrative rulings, interpretations and discretion that may affect payments made under those programs. It is unclear how the restructuring efforts within HHS or broader governmental deregulatory initiatives will impact administration of or payment under the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Legal challenges to healthcare regulations and agency guidance, including those related to Medicare and Medicaid payment policies, may also adversely affect payments, and we expect legal challenges to increase as a result of recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions as noted above. The increased potential for legal challenges may result in delays in and other impacts to the agency rulemaking process. Further, the federal and state governments may reduce the funds available under the Medicare and Medicaid programs, require repayment of previously received funds or require more stringent utilization and quality reviews of hospital facilities. Additionally, there may be a continued rise in managed care programs and further restructuring of the financing and delivery of healthcare in the United States. These events could adversely impact our future financial results. We cannot estimate the impact of Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement changes that have been enacted or otherwise determined or that are currently or may in the future be under consideration. Moreover, we cannot predict whether additional reimbursement reductions, including as a result of the factors described above, will be made or whether any such changes or other restructuring of the financing and delivery of healthcare would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial conditions, results of operations, cash flow, capital resources and liquidity.

Critical Accounting Policies

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our condensed consolidated financial statements. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Critical accounting policies are defined as those policies that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on the financial condition or results of operations of the registrant. We believe that our critical accounting policies are limited to those described below. The following information should be read in conjunction with our significant accounting policies included in Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part II, Item 8 of the 2024 Form 10-K.

Revenue Recognition

Net operating revenues include amounts estimated by management to be reimbursable by Medicare and Medicaid under prospective payment systems and provisions of cost-reimbursement and other payment methods. In addition, we are reimbursed by non-governmental payors using a variety of payment methodologies. Amounts we receive for treatment of patients covered by these programs are generally less than our standard billing rates. Explicit price concessions are recorded for contractual allowances that are calculated and recorded through a combination of internally- and externally-developed data collection and analysis tools to automate the monthly estimation of required contractual allowances. Within these automated systems, payors’ historical paid claims data and contracted amounts are utilized to calculate the contractual allowances. This data is updated on a monthly basis. All hospital contractual allowance calculations are subjected to monthly review by management to ensure reasonableness and accuracy. We account for the differences between the estimated program reimbursement rates and the standard billing rates as contractual allowance adjustments, which is one component of the deductions from gross revenues to arrive at net operating revenues. The process of estimating contractual allowances requires us to estimate the amount expected to be received based on payor contract provisions. The key assumption in this process is the estimated contractual reimbursement percentage, which is based on payor classification, historical paid claims data and, when applicable, application of the expected managed care plan reimbursement based on contract terms.

Due to the complexities involved in these estimates, actual payments we receive could be different from the amounts we estimate and record. If the actual contractual reimbursement percentage under government programs and managed care contracts differed by 1% at September 30, 2025 from our estimated reimbursement percentage, net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 would have changed by approximately $98 million, and net accounts receivable at September 30, 2025 would have changed by approximately $126 million. Final settlements under some of these programs are subject to adjustment based on administrative review

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and audit by third parties. We account for adjustments to previous program reimbursement estimates as contractual allowance adjustments and report them in the periods that such adjustments become known. Contractual allowance adjustments related to final settlements and previous program reimbursement estimates impacted net operating revenues by an insignificant amount for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Patient Accounts Receivable

Substantially all of our accounts receivable are related to providing healthcare services to patients at our hospitals and affiliated businesses. Collection of these accounts receivable is our primary source of cash and is critical to our operating performance. Our primary collection risks relate to uninsured patients and outstanding patient balances for which the primary insurance payor has paid some but not all of the outstanding balance, with the remaining outstanding balance (generally deductibles and co-payments) owed by the patient. For all procedures scheduled in advance, our policy is to verify insurance coverage prior to the date of the procedure. Insurance coverage is not verified in advance of procedures for walk-in and emergency room patients.

We estimate any adjustments to the transaction price for implicit price concessions by reserving a percentage of all self-pay accounts receivable without regard to aging category, based on collection history, adjusted for expected recoveries and any anticipated changes in trends. Our ability to estimate the transaction price and any implicit price concessions is not impacted by not utilizing an aging of our net accounts receivable as we believe that substantially all of the risk exists at the point in time such accounts are identified as self-pay. The percentage used to reserve for all self-pay accounts is based on our collection history. We believe that we collect substantially all of our third-party insured receivables, which include receivables from governmental agencies.

Patient accounts receivable can be impacted by the effectiveness of our collection efforts and, as described in our significant accounting policies included in Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q, numerous factors may affect the net realizable value of accounts receivable. If the actual collection percentage differed by 1% at September 30, 2025 from our estimated collection percentage as a result of a change in expected recoveries, net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 would have changed by approximately $36 million, and net accounts receivable at September 30, 2025 would have changed by approximately $47 million. We also continually review our overall reserve adequacy by monitoring historical cash collections as a percentage of trailing net operating revenues, as well as by analyzing current period net operating revenues and admissions by payor classification, days revenue outstanding, the composition of self-pay receivables between pure self-pay patients and the patient responsibility portion of third-party insured receivables and the impact of recent acquisitions and dispositions.

Our policy is to write-off gross accounts receivable if the balance is under $10 or when such amounts are placed with outside collection agencies. We believe this policy accurately reflects our ongoing collection efforts and is consistent with industry practices. We had approximately $1.4 billion at September 30, 2025 and $1.6 billion at December 31, 2024, being pursued by various outside collection agencies. We expect to collect less than 4%, net of estimated collection fees, of the amounts being pursued by outside collection agencies. As these amounts have been written-off, they are not included in our accounts receivable. Collections on amounts previously written-off are recognized as a recovery of net operating revenues when received. However, we take into consideration estimated collections of these future amounts written-off in determining the implicit price concessions used to measure the transaction price for the applicable portfolio of patient accounts receivable.

All of the following information is derived from our hospitals, excluding clinics, unless otherwise noted.

Patient accounts receivable from our hospitals represent approximately 98% of our total consolidated accounts receivable.

Days revenue outstanding, adjusted for the impact of receivables for state Medicaid supplemental payment programs and divested facilities, was 55 days at both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

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Total gross accounts receivable (prior to allowance for contractual adjustments and implicit price concessions) was approximately $16.8 billion and $17.3 billion as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The approximate percentage of total gross accounts receivable (prior to allowance for contractual adjustments and implicit price concessions) summarized by payor and aging categories is as follows:

At September 30, 2025: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | % of Gross Receivables |
Payor |  | 0 - 90 Days |  |  | 90 - 180 Days |  |  | 180 - 365 Days |  |  | Over 365 Days |
Medicare |  |  | 10 | % |  |  | — | % |  |  | — | % |  |  | 1 | %
Medicare Managed Care |  |  | 17 | % |  |  | 3 | % |  |  | 3 | % |  |  | 2 | %
Medicaid |  |  | 6 | % |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | 1 | %
Managed Care and other third-party payors |  |  | 18 | % |  |  | 3 | % |  |  | 3 | % |  |  | 3 | %
Self-Pay |  |  | 7 | % |  |  | 5 | % |  |  | 8 | % |  |  | 8 | %

At December 31, 2024: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | % of Gross Receivables |
Payor |  | 0 - 90 Days |  |  | 90 - 180 Days |  |  | 180 - 365 Days |  |  | Over 365 Days |
Medicare |  |  | 10 | % |  |  | — | % |  |  | — | % |  |  | — | %
Medicare Managed Care |  |  | 16 | % |  |  | 3 | % |  |  | 3 | % |  |  | 2 | %
Medicaid |  |  | 6 | % |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | 1 | %
Managed Care and other third-party payors |  |  | 19 | % |  |  | 3 | % |  |  | 3 | % |  |  | 3 | %
Self-Pay |  |  | 7 | % |  |  | 6 | % |  |  | 8 | % |  |  | 8 | %

The approximate percentage of total gross accounts receivable (prior to allowances for contractual adjustments and implicit price concessions) summarized by payor-type is as follows:

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31 |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Insured receivables |  |  | 72.8 | % |  |  | 72.4 | %
Self-pay receivables |  |  | 27.2 |  |  |  | 27.6 |
Total |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | %

The combined total at our hospitals and clinics for the estimated implicit price concessions for self-pay accounts receivable and allowances for other self-pay discounts and contractuals, as a percentage of gross self-pay receivables, was approximately 90% at both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. If the receivables that have been written-off, but where collections are still being pursued by outside collection agencies, were included in both the allowances and gross self-pay receivables specified above, the percentage of combined allowances to total self-pay receivables would have been 93% at both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Goodwill

At September 30, 2025, we had approximately $3.5 billion of goodwill recorded, all of which resides at our hospital operations reporting unit. Goodwill represents the excess of the fair value of the consideration conveyed in an acquisition over the fair value of net assets acquired. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment annually and when an event occurs or circumstances change that, more likely than not, reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying value. We performed our last annual goodwill impairment evaluation during the fourth quarter of 2024 using the October 31, 2024 measurement date, which indicated no impairment.

The determination of fair value in our goodwill impairment analysis is based on an estimate of fair value for the hospital operations reporting unit utilizing known and estimated inputs at the evaluation date. Some of those inputs include, but are not limited to, the most recent price of our common stock and fair value of our long-term debt, our recent financial results, estimates of future revenue and expense growth, estimated market multiples, expected capital expenditures, income tax rates, costs of invested capital and a discount rate.

Future estimates of fair value could be adversely affected if the actual outcome of one or more of the assumptions described above changes materially in the future, including as a result of any decline in or increased volatility of our stock price and the fair value of our long-term debt, lower than expected hospital volumes and/or net operating revenues, higher market interest rates, increased operating costs or other adverse impacts on our financial results. Such changes impacting the calculation of our fair value could result in a material impairment charge in the future.

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Professional Liability Claims

As part of our business of providing healthcare services, we are subject to legal actions alleging liability on our part. We accrue for losses resulting from such liability claims, as well as loss adjustment expenses that are out-of-pocket and directly related to such liability claims. These direct out-of-pocket expenses include fees of outside counsel and experts. We do not accrue for costs that are part of our corporate overhead, such as the costs of our in-house legal and risk management departments. The losses resulting from professional liability claims primarily consist of estimates for known claims, as well as estimates for incurred but not reported claims. The estimates are based on specific claim facts, our historical claim reporting and payment patterns, the nature and level of our hospital operations, and actuarially determined projections. The actuarially determined projections are based on our actual claim data, including historic reporting and payment patterns. As discussed below, since we purchase excess insurance on a claims-made basis that transfers risk to third-party insurers, the estimated liability for professional and general liability claims does include an amount for the losses covered by our excess insurance. We also record a receivable for the expected reimbursement of losses covered by our excess insurance. Since we believe that the amount and timing of our future claims payments are reliably determinable, we discount the amount we accrue for losses resulting from professional liability claims.

The net present value of the projected payments was discounted using a weighted-average risk-free rate of 3.8% and 3.7% at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. This liability is adjusted for new claims information in the period such information becomes known to us. Professional liability expense includes the losses resulting from professional liability claims and loss adjustment expense, as well as excess insurance premiums, and is presented within other operating expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income (loss).

Our processes for obtaining and analyzing claims and incident data are standardized across all of our businesses and have been consistent for many years. We monitor the outcomes of the medical care services that we provide and for each reported claim, we obtain various information concerning the facts and circumstances related to that claim. In addition, we routinely monitor current key statistics and volume indicators in our assessment of utilizing historical trends. The average lag period between claim occurrence and payment of a final settlement is between three and four years, although the facts and circumstances of individual claims could result in the timing of such payments being different from this average. Since claims are paid promptly after settlement with the claimant is reached, settled claims represent approximately 4% or less of the total liability at the end of any period.

For purposes of estimating our individual claim accruals, we utilize specific claim information, including the nature of the claim, the expected claim amount, the year in which the claim occurred and the laws of the jurisdiction in which the claim occurred. Once the case accruals for known claims are determined, information is stratified by loss layers and retentions, accident years, reported years and geography. Several actuarial methods are used to produce estimates of ultimate paid losses and reserves for incurred but not reported claims. Each of these methods uses our company-specific historical claims data and other information. Company-specific data includes information regarding our business, including historical paid losses and loss adjustment expenses, historical and current case loss reserves, actual and projected hospital statistical data, a variety of hospital census information, employed physician information, professional liability retentions for each policy year, geographic information and other data. Significant assumptions are made on the basis of the aforementioned information in estimating reserves for incurred but not reported claims. A 1% change in assumptions for either severity or frequency as of September 30, 2025 would have increased or decreased the reserve by approximately $5 million to $10 million.

Based on these analyses, we periodically review and determine our estimate of the professional liability claims. The determination of management’s estimate, including the preparation of the reserve analysis that supports such estimate, involves subjective judgment of management. Changes in reserve data or the trends and factors that influence reserve data may signal fundamental shifts in our future claim development patterns or may simply reflect single-period anomalies. Even if a change reflects a fundamental shift, the full extent of the change may not become evident until years later. Moreover, since our methods and models use different types of data and we select our liability from the results of all of these methods, we typically cannot quantify the precise impact of such factors on our estimates of the liability. Due to our standardized and consistent processes for handling claims and the long history and depth of our company-specific data, our methodologies have historically produced reliably determinable estimates of ultimate paid losses. Management considers any changes in the amount and pattern of its historical paid losses up through the most recent reporting period to identify any fundamental shifts or trends in claim development experience in determining the estimate of professional liability claims. However, due to the subjective nature of this estimate and the impact that previously unforeseen shifts in actual claim experience can have, future estimates of professional liability could be adversely impacted when actual paid losses develop unexpectedly based on assumptions and settlement events that were not previously known or anticipated.

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We are primarily self-insured for professional liability claims; however, we obtain excess insurance that transfers the risk of loss to a third-party insurer for claims in excess of our self-insured retentions. Our excess insurance is underwritten on a claims-made basis. For claims reported prior to June 1, 2002, substantially all of our professional and general liability risks were subject to a less than $1 million per occurrence self-insured retention and for claims reported from June 1, 2002 through June 1, 2003, these self-insured retentions were $2 million per occurrence. Substantially all claims reported after June 1, 2003 and before June 1, 2005 are self-insured up to $4 million per claim. Substantially all claims reported on or after June 1, 2005 and before June 1, 2014 are self-insured up to $5 million per claim. Substantially all claims reported on or after June 1, 2014 and before June 1, 2018 are self-insured up to $10 million per claim. Substantially all claims reported on or after June 1, 2018 are self-insured up to $15 million per claim. Management, on occasion, has selectively increased the insured risk at certain hospitals based upon insurance pricing and other factors and may continue that practice in the future.

Excess insurance for all hospitals has been purchased through commercial insurance companies and generally covers us for liabilities in excess of the self-insured retentions. The excess coverage consists of multiple layers of insurance, the sum of which totals up to $95 million per occurrence and in the aggregate for claims reported on or after June 1, 2003, up to $145 million per occurrence and in the aggregate for claims reported on or after January 1, 2008, up to $195 million per occurrence and in the aggregate for claims reported on or after June 1, 2010, and up to at least $215 million per occurrence and in the aggregate for claims reported on or after June 1, 2015. In addition, for integrated occurrence professional liability claims, there is an additional $50 million of excess coverage for claims reported on or after June 1, 2014 and an additional $75 million of excess coverage for claims reported on or after June 1, 2015 through June 1, 2020. The $75 million in integrated occurrence coverage will also apply to claims reported between June 1, 2020 and June 1, 2025 for events that occurred prior to June 1, 2020 but which were not previously known or reported. For certain policy years prior to June 1, 2014, if the first aggregate layer of excess coverage becomes fully utilized, then the self-insured retention will increase to $10 million per claim for any subsequent claims in that policy year until our total aggregate coverage is met. Beginning June 1, 2018, this drop-down provision in the excess policies attaches over the $15 million per claim self-insured retention.

There were no significant changes in our estimate of the reserve for professional liability claims during the three months ended September 30, 2025.

Income Taxes

We must make estimates in recording provision for income taxes, including determination of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities and any valuation allowances that might be required against the deferred tax assets. We believe that future income will enable us to realize certain deferred tax assets, subject to the valuation allowance we have established.

The total amount of unrecognized benefit that would impact the effective tax rate, if recognized, was $44 million at September 30, 2025. A total of $8 million of interest and penalties is included in the amount of liability for uncertain tax positions at September 30, 2025. It is our policy to recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized benefits in our condensed consolidated statements of income (loss) as income tax expense.

It is possible the amount of unrecognized tax benefit could change in the next 12 months as a result of a lapse of the statute of limitations and settlements with taxing authorities; however, we do not anticipate the change will have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations or consolidated financial position.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740), Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” This ASU establishes new requirements for the categorization and disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation as well as for disaggregation of income taxes paid. Additionally, this ASU modifies and eliminates certain existing requirements for indefinitely reinvested foreign earnings and unrecognized tax benefits. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2025. The amendments in this ASU should be applied on a prospective basis and early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that adoption of this ASU will have on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Topic 350): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software.” This ASU modifies the criteria for when software costs may be capitalized by eliminating consideration of software project development stages and by enhancing guidance for the “probable-to-complete” threshold. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption of this ASU is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that adoption of this ASU will have on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

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We have evaluated all other recently issued, but not yet effective, ASUs and do not expect the eventual adoption of such ASUs to have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that involve risks and uncertainties. Statements that are predictive in nature, that depend upon or refer to future events or conditions or that include words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” “thinks,” and similar expressions are forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause our actual results and performance to be materially different from any future results or performance expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. A number of factors could affect the future results of the Company or the healthcare industry generally and could cause the Company’s expected results to differ materially from those expressed in this Form 10-Q. These factors include, among other things:

•
general economic and business conditions, both nationally and in the regions in which we operate, including the impact of challenging macroeconomic conditions and inflationary pressures, the current interest rate environment, current geopolitical instability, impacts from the imposition of, or changes in tariffs, as well as the impact on us of financial, credit, capital, political, and legislative conditions, including federal government shutdowns;
•
the impact of current and future healthcare public policy developments and the implementation of new, and possible changes to existing, federal, state or local laws, regulations and policies affecting the healthcare industry, including changes affecting the structure of or funding for the Medicare and Medicaid programs and changes in the structure and administration of federal and state agencies and programs;
•
changes by the federal and state governments to state Medicaid programs, including the extent and nature of structural and funding changes and manner in which any such changes are implemented, and other developments that affect the administration of health insurance exchanges or alter or reduce the provision of, or payment for, healthcare to state residents through legislation, regulation or otherwise;
•
changes related to health insurance enrollment, including those affecting the beneficiary enrollment process and the stability of health insurance exchanges, and the expiration of the temporarily enhanced subsidies available for individuals to purchase coverage through Affordable Care Act marketplaces;
•
risks associated with our substantial indebtedness, leverage and debt service obligations, including our ability to refinance such indebtedness on acceptable terms or to incur additional indebtedness, and our ability to remain in compliance with debt covenants;
•
demographic changes;
•
changes in, or the failure to comply with, federal, state or local laws or governmental regulations affecting our business;
•
judicial developments impacting the Company or the healthcare industry, including the potential impact of the recent decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court regarding the actions of federal agencies;
•
potential adverse impact of known and unknown legal, regulatory and governmental proceedings and other loss contingencies, including governmental investigations and audits, and federal and state false claims act litigation;
•
our ability to enter into and maintain provider arrangements with payors and the terms of these arrangements, which may be further affected by the increasing consolidation of health insurers and managed care companies and vertical integration efforts involving payors and healthcare providers;
•
changes in, or the failure to comply with, contract terms with payors and changes in reimbursement policies, methodologies or rates paid by federal or state healthcare programs or commercial payors;
•
security breaches, cyber-attacks, loss of data, other cybersecurity threats or incidents, including those experienced with respect to our information systems or the information systems of third parties with whom we conduct business, and any actual or perceived failures to comply with legal requirements governing the privacy and security of health information or other regulated, sensitive or confidential information, or legal requirements regarding data privacy or data protection;
•
the development, adoption and use of emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence and machine learning;
•
any potential impairments in the carrying value of goodwill, other intangible assets, or other long-lived assets, or changes in the useful lives of other intangible assets;
•
the effects related to the sequestration spending reductions pursuant to both the Budget Control Act of 2011 and the Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 and the potential for future deficit reduction legislation;

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•
increases in the amount and risk of collectability of patient accounts receivable, including decreases in collectability which may result from, among other things, self-pay growth and difficulties in recovering payments for which patients are responsible, including co-pays and deductibles;
•
the efforts of insurers, healthcare providers, large employer groups and others to contain healthcare costs, including the trend toward value-based purchasing and increased reimbursement denials by insurers;
•
the impact of competitive labor market conditions, including in connection with our ability to hire and retain qualified nurses, physicians, other medical personnel and key management, and increased labor expenses arising from inflation and/or competition for such positions;
•
the inability of third parties with whom we contract to provide hospital-based physicians and the effectiveness of our efforts to mitigate such non-performance including through acquisitions of outsourced medical specialist businesses, engagement with new or replacement providers, employment of physicians and re-negotiation or assumption of existing contracts;
•
any failure to obtain medical supplies or pharmaceuticals at favorable prices;
•
liabilities and other claims asserted against us, including self-insured professional liability claims;
•
competition;
•
trends toward treatment of patients in less acute or specialty healthcare settings, including ambulatory surgery centers or specialty hospitals or via telehealth;
•
changes in medical or other technology;
•
any failure of key business functions, including our ability to realize the intended benefits of a new core enterprise resource planning system and the redesigned and consolidated processes which are supported by such system;
•
changes in U.S. GAAP;
•
the availability and terms of capital to fund any additional acquisitions or replacement facilities or other capital expenditures;
•
our ability to successfully make acquisitions or complete divestitures, our ability to complete any such acquisitions or divestitures on desired terms or at all, the timing of the completion of any such acquisitions or divestitures, and our ability to realize the intended benefits from any such acquisitions or divestitures;
•
the impact that changes in our relationships with joint venture or syndication partners could have on effectively operating our hospitals or ancillary services or in advancing strategic opportunities;
•
our ability to successfully integrate any acquired hospitals and/or outpatient facilities, or to realize expected benefits from acquisitions such as increased growth in patient service revenues;
•
the impact of severe weather conditions and climate change, as well as the timing and amount of insurance recoveries in relation to severe weather events;
•
our ability to obtain adequate levels of insurance, including general liability, professional liability, cyber liability and directors’ and officers’ liability insurance;
•
any lapse in appropriations, and any hold on or cancellation of congressionally authorized spending or interruptions in the distribution of government funds, and the timeliness of reimbursement payments received under government programs;
•
effects related to pandemics, epidemics, outbreaks of infectious diseases or other public health crises;
•
any failure to comply with our obligations under license or technology agreements;
•
challenging economic conditions in non-urban communities in which we operate;
•
the concentration of our revenue in a small number of states;
•
our ability to realize anticipated cost savings and other benefits from our current strategic and operational cost savings initiatives;
•
any changes in or interpretations of income tax laws and regulations; and
•
the risk factors set forth in our 2024 Form 10-K and our other public filings with the SEC.

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Although we believe that these forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, these assumptions are inherently subject to significant regulatory, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and may be beyond our control. Accordingly, we cannot give any assurance that our expectations will in fact occur, and we caution that actual results may differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. Given these uncertainties, prospective investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this filing. We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements, or to make any other forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitat ive Disclosures about Market Risk

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, there have been no material changes in the quantitative and qualitative disclosures set forth in Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, with the participation of other members of management, have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluations, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective (at the reasonable assurance level) to ensure that the information required to be included in this report has been recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and to ensure that the information required to be included in this report was accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2025 that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal controls over financial reporting.

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PART II OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we receive inquiries or subpoenas from state regulators, state Medicaid Fraud Control units, fiscal intermediaries, CMS, the U.S. Department of Justice, or the Department of Justice, and other government entities regarding various Medicare and Medicaid issues. In addition, we are subject to other claims and lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of our business including lawsuits and claims related to billing and collection practices at our hospitals. Based on current knowledge, management does not believe that loss contingencies arising from pending legal, regulatory and governmental matters, including the matters described herein, will have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position or liquidity of the Company. However, in light of the inherent uncertainties involved in pending legal, regulatory and governmental matters, some of which are beyond our control, and the very large or indeterminate damages sought in some of these matters, an adverse outcome in one or more of these matters could be material to our results of operations or cash flows for any particular reporting period. Settlements of suits involving Medicare and Medicaid issues routinely require both monetary payments as well as corporate integrity agreements. Additionally, qui tam or “whistleblower” actions initiated under the federal False Claims Act, or FCA, may be pending but placed under seal by the court to comply with the FCA’s requirements for filing such suits. In September 2014, the Criminal Division of the Department of Justice announced that all qui tam cases will be shared with their Division to determine if a parallel criminal investigation should be opened. The Criminal Division has also frequently stated an intention to pursue corporations in criminal prosecutions, including in its most recent Memorandum dated September 15, 2022. From time to time, we detect issues of non-compliance with Federal healthcare laws pertaining to claims submission and reimbursement practices and/or financial relationships with physicians. We avail ourselves of various mechanisms to address potential overpayments arising out of these issues, including repayment of claims, rebilling of claims, and participation in voluntary disclosure protocols offered by CMS and the Office of Inspector General. Participating in voluntary repayments and voluntary disclosure protocols can have the potential for significant settlement obligations or even enforcement action.

The following legal proceedings are described in detail because, although certain legal proceedings may not be required to be disclosed in this Part II, Item 1 under SEC rules, due to the nature of the business of the Company, we believe that the following discussion of these matters may provide useful information to security holders. This discussion does not include claims and lawsuits covered by medical professional liability, general liability or employment practices insurance and risk retention programs, none of which claims or lawsuits would in any event be required to be disclosed in this Part II, Item 1 under SEC rules.

Government Investigations and Qui Tam Litigation

On January 11, 2024, we received a Civil Investigative Demand, or CID, from the Department of Justice for documents and information relating to a variety of subjects, including practices and procedures related to utilization review, inpatient admissions and inpatient dialysis at our hospitals. Based upon our review of the CID, the documents we have reviewed and the witnesses we have interviewed, we believe at this time that the CID relates to allegations made by a former employee at one of our hospitals in 2022 and that these allegations were thoroughly and fully investigated to our satisfaction at the time they were originally made. We continue to cooperate fully with this investigation.

On May 4, 2022, our affiliate, Northwest Arkansas Hospitals, LLC, or Northwest, terminated for cause the professional services agreement of Brian Hyatt, M.D., a psychiatrist and former medical director of the behavioral health unit at Northwest, over concerns regarding his medical practices. On October 31, 2024, the Department of Justice notified us that it is conducting a criminal investigation of Dr. Hyatt’s conduct while he was the medical director of the behavioral health unit at Northwest. The Department of Justice has advised Northwest and several of its current and former officers and employees that they are also subjects of its investigation. We are cooperating fully with the investigation.

Commercial Litigation and Other Lawsuits

Tower Health, f/k/a Reading Health System, et al v. CHS/Community Health Systems, Inc., et al. This breach of contract action is pending in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. The plaintiffs allege breaches of an asset purchase agreement in connection with the sale of Pottstown Memorial Medical Center. The alleged breaches regard plaintiffs’ contention that the defendants failed to disclose certain conditions related to the physical plant of the hospital, along with various other alleged breaches of the asset purchase agreement. The plaintiffs filed an amended complaint on July 22, 2019. Trial for this matter began May 3, 2021, and closed on October 5, 2021. On September 6, 2022, the District Court issued a Memorandum Opinion denying all of Tower Health’s claims and entering a judgment in favor of the Company. The District Court also awarded the Company its attorneys’ fees and costs. On October 4, 2022, Tower Health filed a Rule 59 motion to alter or amend the District Court’s judgment and a Rule 15 motion to amend its pleadings. The Company has filed oppositions to both motions and has separately moved for its attorney’s fees. On August 11, 2023, the District Court denied Tower Health’s Rule 59 and Rule 15 motions. Tower Health appealed the District Court’s judgment to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Judicial District. The Third Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed

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the District Court’s opinion, awarded our attorneys’ fees and costs on appeal, and ordered the case remanded to the District Court on October 2, 2024. We have reached a tentative settlement of the attorneys’ fees issue and expect this matter to be fully resolved by December 31, 2025.

Daniel H. Golden, as Litigation Trustee of the QHC Litigation Trust, and Wilmington Savings Fund Society, FSB, solely in its capacity as indenture trustee v. Community Health Systems, Inc., et al. A complaint in this case was filed on October 25, 2021 in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware against various persons, including the Company, certain subsidiaries of the Company, certain former executive officers of the Company and Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC. Plaintiff Daniel H. Golden is the litigation trustee for a litigation trust, which was formed under the plan of reorganization of Quorum Health Corporation, or QHC, and certain affiliated entities confirmed by order of the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware wherein QHC and certain affiliated entities contributed various causes of action to such litigation trust. Plaintiff Wilmington Savings Fund Society is the indenture trustee for certain notes issued by QHC. The complaint seeks damages and other forms of recovery arising out of certain alleged actions taken by the Company and the other defendants in connection with the spin-off of QHC, which was completed on April 29, 2016, and includes claims for unjust enrichment and for avoidance of certain transactions and payments by QHC to the Company connected with the spin-off, including the $1.21 billion paid by QHC to the Company as part of the spin-off transactions. We filed a motion to dismiss on January 14, 2022, and oral argument on that motion was heard on July 21, 2022. On March 16, 2023, the District Court granted in part and denied in part our motion to dismiss. On August 25, 2025, we filed a motion for summary judgment, which is pending.

Item 1A. Risk F actors

There have been no material changes with regard to the risk factors previously disclosed in the 2024 Form 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equi ty Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table contains information about our purchases of common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2025.

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (a) |  |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (b) |  |  | Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (b) |
July 1, 2025 - |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
July 31, 2025 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
August 1, 2025 - |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
August 31, 2025 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
September 1, 2025 - |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 30, 2025 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |

(a)
No shares were withheld to satisfy the payment of tax obligations related to the vesting of restricted stock awards.
(b)
We had no publicly announced repurchase programs for shares of our common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2025.

The ABL Facility and the indentures governing each series of our outstanding notes restrict our subsidiaries from, among other matters, paying dividends and making distributions to us, which thereby limits our ability to pay dividends and/or repurchase stock. As of September 30, 2025, under the most restrictive test in these agreements (and subject to certain exceptions), we have approximately $300 million of capacity to pay permitted dividends and/or repurchase shares of stock or make other restricted payments.

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Item 3. Defaults Upo n Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Saf ety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, during the three months ended September 30, 2025, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated any “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” or any “non-Rule 10b-5 trading arrangement,” as such terms are defined in Item 408(a) and (c), respectively, of Regulation S-K.

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Item 6. Exhibits

No. |  |  | Description
2.1 |  |  | Purchase Agreement, dated as of July 22, 2025, between CHS/Community Health Systems, Inc. and Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Community Health Systems, Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 22, 2025 (No. 001-15925))
4.1 |  |  | Indenture, dated as of August 12, 2025, among CHS/Community Health Systems, Inc., Community Health Systems, Inc., the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee and collateral agent, relating to the 9.750% Senior Secured Notes due 2034 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Community Health Systems, Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 12, 2025 (No. 001-15925))
10.1 | † |  | Consultancy Agreement, dated September 30, 2025, by and between CHSPSC, LLC and Tim L. Hingtgen (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Community Health Systems, Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 30, 2025 (No. 001-15925))
31.1 |  | * | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2 |  | * | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1 |  | ** | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2 |  | ** | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101 |  | * | The following financial information from our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, filed with the SEC on October 24, 2025, formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language: (i) the condensed consolidated statements of income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, (ii) the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, (iii) the condensed consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, (iv) the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, and (v) the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements. The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
104 |  | * | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

† Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

| COMMUNITY HEALTH SYSTEMS, INC. (Registrant)
| By: | /s/ Kevin J. Hammons
|  | Kevin J. Hammons President and Interim Chief Executive Officer
|  | (principal executive officer)

| By: | /s/ Jason K. Johnson
|  | Jason K. Johnson
|  | Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer
|  | (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer)

Date: October 24, 2025

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