SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES	9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES	NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include ChoiceOne Financial Services, Inc. (“ChoiceOne”) and its wholly-owned subsidiary, ChoiceOne Bank (the “Bank”), and the Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiary, ChoiceOne Insurance Agencies, Inc. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information, prevailing practices within the banking industry and the instructions to Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments ordinary in nature which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, and the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018. Operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019. The accompanying consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in ChoiceOne’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. Loans to Other Financial Institutions The Bank entered into an agreement with another financial institution to fund mortgage loans. Loans to other financial institutions are purchased participating interests in individual advances made to mortgage bankers nation-wide from an unaffiliated originating bank. The originating bank services these loans and cash flows on the individual advances (principal, interest, and fees) which are allocated pro-rata based on ownership in the participating interest, less fees paid for the servicing activity. The underlying collateral is generally made up of 1-4 family first residential mortgages owned by the mortgage banker and held for sale in the secondary market and have been underwritten using secondary market underwriting standards prior to purchasing the participating interest. Once the mortgage banker delivers the loan to the secondary market, the advance is required to be paid off, including the Bank’s participating interest. If the advance (in which the Bank has a participating interest) is outstanding over 90 days, the originating bank has the right to request the participating interest be paid off by the mortgage banker. The participating interests are subject to concentration risk to 13 different mortgage bankers, with the largest creditor outstanding representing 19% of the total at September 30, 2019. Credit risk associated with the participating interest is measured as an allowance for loan losses when necessary. Losses are charged off against the allowance when incurred and recoveries of loan charge-offs are recorded when received. At least quarterly, the Bank reviews the portfolio of participating interests for potential losses including any participating interest that is outstanding over 90 days (even if the advance and participating interest is current). At September 30, 2019, 17 of the 184 participating interests with principal balances totaling $4.8 million had balances outstanding over 30 days. During the first nine months of 2019 and 2018, there were no losses or charge-offs of participating interests. Allowance for Loan Losses The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level believed adequate by management to absorb probable incurred losses inherent in the consolidated loan portfolio. Management’s evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance is an estimate based on reviews of individual loans, assessments of the impact of current economic conditions on the portfolio and historical loss experience of seasoned loan portfolios. See Note 3 to the interim consolidated financial statements for additional information. Management believes the accounting estimate related to the allowance for loan losses is a “critical accounting estimate” because (1) the estimate is highly susceptible to change from period to period because of assumptions concerning the changes in the types and volumes of the portfolios and economic conditions and (2) the impact of recognizing an impairment or loan loss could have a material effect on ChoiceOne’s assets reported on the balance sheets as well as its net income. Stock Transactions A total of 3,390 shares of common stock were issued upon the exercise of stock options for a cash price of $46,000 in the first nine months of 2019. A total of 4,139 shares of common stock were issued to ChoiceOne’s Board of Directors for a cash price of $110,000 under the terms of the Directors’ Stock Purchase Plan in the first nine months of 2019. A total of 2,589 shares for a cash price of $61,000 were issued under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan in the first nine months of 2019. Shares of common stock issued upon the vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld for payment of related taxes, totaled 7,787 in the first nine months of 2019. Stock-Based Compensation ChoiceOne grants restricted stock units to a select group of employees under the Stock Incentive Plan of 2012. All of the restricted stock units are initially unvested and vest in three annual installments on each of the next three anniversaries of the grant date. Certain additional vesting provisions apply. Each unit, once vested, is settled by delivery of one share of ChoiceOne common stock. Reclassifications Certain amounts presented in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Recent Accounting Pronouncements The FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The ASU covers various changes to the accounting, measurement, and disclosure related to certain financial instruments. The most significant change included in the update is the requirement for certain equity investments (excluding investments that are consolidated or accounted for under the equity method of accounting) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. An entity may choose to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost, minus impairment. When a qualitative assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values indicates that impairment exists, an entity is required to measure the investment at fair value. The update also eliminates the requirement for public business entities to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost. ChoiceOne implemented ASU 2016-01 effective January1, 2018. A cumulative-effect adjustment was recorded as of January 1, 2018 to reclassify $244,000 of unrealized gains on equity securities from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. Equity securities have also been presented separately from available for sale debt securities on the balance sheet and the fair value of loans has been estimated using an exit price notion in Note 5. The FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. The new standard establishes a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. Implementation of the new standard caused ChoiceOne to recognize $105,000 of a lease asset and liability as of January 1, 2019. The lease asset was included in premises and equipment and the lease liability in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. The impact on ChoiceOne’s expense was not significant. The FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This ASU provides financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date by replacing the incurred loss impairment methodology in current generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The new guidance attempts to reflect an entity’s current estimate of all expected credit losses and broadens the information that an entity must consider in developing its expected credit loss estimate for assets measured either collectively or individually to include forecasted information, as well as past events and current conditions. There is no specified method for measuring expected credit losses, and an entity may apply methods that reasonably reflect its expectations of the credit loss estimate. Although an entity may still use its current systems and methods for recording the allowance for credit losses, under the new rules, the inputs used to record the allowance for credit losses generally will need to change to appropriately reflect an estimate of all expected credit losses and the use of reasonable and supportable forecasts. Additionally, credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities will have to be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down. In October 2019, FASB delayed the effective date for the credit loss standard to January 2023 for certain entities, including certain Securities and Exchange Commission filers, public business entities and private companies. As a smaller reporting company, ChoiceOne is eligible for the proposed delay under the updated language in the standard.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include ChoiceOne Financial Services, Inc. (“ChoiceOne”) and its wholly-owned subsidiary, ChoiceOne Bank (the “Bank”), and the Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiary, ChoiceOne Insurance Agencies, Inc. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information, prevailing practices within the banking industry and the instructions to Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments ordinary in nature which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018, and the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018. Operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2019.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in ChoiceOne’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Loans to Other Financial Institutions

The Bank entered into an agreement with another financial institution to fund mortgage loans. Loans to other financial institutions are purchased participating interests in individual advances made to mortgage bankers nation-wide from an unaffiliated originating bank. The originating bank services these loans and cash flows on the individual advances (principal, interest, and fees) which are allocated pro-rata based on ownership in the participating interest, less fees paid for the servicing activity. The underlying collateral is generally made up of 1-4 family first residential mortgages owned by the mortgage banker and held for sale in the secondary market and have been underwritten using secondary market underwriting standards prior to purchasing the participating interest. Once the mortgage banker delivers the loan to the secondary market, the advance is required to be paid off, including the Bank’s participating interest. If the advance (in which the Bank has a participating interest) is outstanding over 90 days, the originating bank has the right to request the participating interest be paid off by the mortgage banker. The participating interests are subject to concentration risk to 13 different mortgage bankers, with the largest creditor outstanding representing 19% of the total at September 30, 2019.

Credit risk associated with the participating interest is measured as an allowance for loan losses when necessary. Losses are charged off against the allowance when incurred and recoveries of loan charge-offs are recorded when received. At least quarterly, the Bank reviews the portfolio of participating interests for potential losses including any participating interest that is outstanding over 90 days (even if the advance and participating interest is current). At September 30, 2019, 17 of the 184 participating interests with principal balances totaling $4.8 million had balances outstanding over 30 days. During the first nine months of 2019 and 2018, there were no losses or charge-offs of participating interests.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level believed adequate by management to absorb probable incurred losses inherent in the consolidated loan portfolio. Management’s evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance is an estimate based on reviews of individual loans, assessments of the impact of current economic conditions on the portfolio and historical loss experience of seasoned loan portfolios. See Note 3 to the interim consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Management believes the accounting estimate related to the allowance for loan losses is a “critical accounting estimate” because (1) the estimate is highly susceptible to change from period to period because of assumptions concerning the changes in the types and volumes of the portfolios and economic conditions and (2) the impact of recognizing an impairment or loan loss could have a material effect on ChoiceOne’s assets reported on the balance sheets as well as its net income.

Stock Transactions

A total of 3,390 shares of common stock were issued upon the exercise of stock options for a cash price of $46,000 in the first nine months of 2019. A total of 4,139 shares of common stock were issued to ChoiceOne’s Board of Directors for a cash price of $110,000 under the terms of the Directors’ Stock Purchase Plan in the first nine months of 2019. A total of 2,589 shares for a cash price of $61,000 were issued under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan in the first nine months of 2019. Shares of common stock issued upon the vesting of restricted stock units, net of shares withheld for payment of related taxes, totaled 7,787 in the first nine months of 2019.

Stock-Based Compensation

ChoiceOne grants restricted stock units to a select group of employees under the Stock Incentive Plan of 2012. All of the restricted stock units are initially unvested and vest in three annual installments on each of the next three anniversaries of the grant date. Certain additional vesting provisions apply. Each unit, once vested, is settled by delivery of one share of ChoiceOne common stock.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts presented in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The ASU covers various changes to the accounting, measurement, and disclosure related to certain financial instruments. The most significant change included in the update is the requirement for certain equity investments (excluding investments that are consolidated or accounted for under the equity method of accounting) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. An entity may choose to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost, minus impairment. When a qualitative assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values indicates that impairment exists, an entity is required to measure the investment at fair value. The update also eliminates the requirement for public business entities to disclose the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost. ChoiceOne implemented ASU 2016-01 effective January1, 2018. A cumulative-effect adjustment was recorded as of January 1, 2018 to reclassify $244,000 of unrealized gains on equity securities from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. Equity securities have also been presented separately from available for sale debt securities on the balance sheet and the fair value of loans has been estimated using an exit price notion in Note 5.

The FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. The new standard establishes a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. Implementation of the new standard caused ChoiceOne to recognize $105,000 of a lease asset and liability as of January 1, 2019. The lease asset was included in premises and equipment and the lease liability in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet. The impact on ChoiceOne’s expense was not significant.

The FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This ASU provides financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date by replacing the incurred loss impairment methodology in current generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The new guidance attempts to reflect an entity’s current estimate of all expected credit losses and broadens the information that an entity must consider in developing its expected credit loss estimate for assets measured either collectively or individually to include forecasted information, as well as past events and current conditions. There is no specified method for measuring expected credit losses, and an entity may apply methods that reasonably reflect its expectations of the credit loss estimate. Although an entity may still use its current systems and methods for recording the allowance for credit losses, under the new rules, the inputs used to record the allowance for credit losses generally will need to change to appropriately reflect an estimate of all expected credit losses and the use of reasonable and supportable forecasts. Additionally, credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities will have to be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down. In October 2019, FASB delayed the effective date for the credit loss standard to January 2023 for certain entities, including certain Securities and Exchange Commission filers, public business entities and private companies. As a smaller reporting company, ChoiceOne is eligible for the proposed delay under the updated language in the standard.