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Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Note 1:
 Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 
Nature of Operations
 
Bank7 Corp. (the “Company”) is a bank holding company whose principal activity is the ownership and management of its wholly owned subsidiary, Bank7 (the “Bank”).  The Bank is primarily engaged in providing a full range of banking and financial services to individual and corporate customers located in Oklahoma, Texas, and Kansas. The Bank is subject to competition from other financial institutions. The Company is subject to the regulation of certain federal agencies and undergoes periodic examinations by those regulatory authorities.
 
Basis of Presentation
 
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Bank and its two subsidiaries, 1039 NW 63rd, LLC, which holds real estate utilized by the Bank, and Giddings Production, LLC, which is engaged in the production of oil, natural gas and natural liquid (“NGL”) reserves in Texas. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
Use of Estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.
 
Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, valuation of other real estate owned, other-than-temporary impairments, income taxes, goodwill and intangibles and fair values of financial instruments.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the 2022 and 2021 consolidated financial statements to conform to classification used for December 31, 2023.  These reclassifications had no impact on net income, shareholders’ equity or cash flows as previously reported.

Cash Equivalents
 
The Company considers all liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
 
Interest-Bearing Time Deposits in Other Banks
 
Interest-bearing time deposits in other banks totaled $17.7 million and $5.5 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 respectively, and have original maturities generally ranging from three months to five years.
 
Available-for-Sale Debt Securities
 
Available-for-sale debt securities are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported separately in other comprehensive income. The Company currently has no securities designated as trading or held-to-maturity. Interest income is recognized at the coupon rate adjusted for amortization and accretion of premiums and discounts. Discounts are accreted into interest income over the estimated life of the related security and premiums are amortized against income to the earlier of the call date or weighted average life of the related security using the interest method. Gains and losses on the sale of securities are recorded on the trade date and are determined using the specific identification method. They are included in noninterest income or expense and, when applicable, are reported as a reclassification adjustment in other comprehensive income.

Allowance for Credit Losses – Investment Securities

On January 1, 2023, the Company was required to adopt a new credit loss methodology, the Current Expected Credit Losses (“CECL”) methodology. See Note 1, Recent Accounting Pronouncements, for additional information regarding adoption.

Allowance for Credit Losses - AFS Securities - The Company evaluates its available-for-sale securities portfolio on a quarterly basis for potential credit-related impairment. The Company assesses potential credit impairment by comparing the fair value of a debt security to its amortized cost basis. If the fair value of a debt security is greater than the amortized cost basis, no impairment is recognized. If the fair value is less than the amortized costs basis, the Company reviews the factors to determine if the impairment is credit-related or noncredit-related. For debt securities the Company intends to sell or is more likely than not required to sell, before the recovery of their amortized cost basis, the difference between fair value and amortized cost is impaired and is recognized through earnings. For debt securities the Company does not intend to sell or is not more likely than not required to sell, prior to expected recovery of amortized cost basis, the credit portion of the impairment is recognized through earnings, with a corresponding entry to an allowance for credit losses, and the noncredit portion is recognized through accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale
 
Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at the lower of cost or fair value in the aggregate. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized through a valuation allowance by charges to noninterest income. Gains and losses on loan sales are recorded in noninterest income and direct loan origination costs and fees are deferred at origination of the loan and are recognized in noninterest income upon the sale of the loan.

Loans
 
Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at amortized cost. Amortized cost is the principal balance outstanding, net of purchase premiums and discounts. Accrued interest receivable totaled $8.7 million and $7.2 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and was reported in interest receivable and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company has made the accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable on loans from the estimate of credit losses. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance using the simple-interest method on the daily balances of the principal amounts outstanding.
 
For loans amortized at cost, interest income is accrued based on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, as well as premiums and discounts, are deferred and amortized over the respective term of the loan.

The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days past due unless the credit is well-secured and in process of collection. Past-due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual or charged off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.
 
All interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on nonaccrual or charged off are reversed against interest income. The interest on these loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

Loans acquired through business combinations are required to be carried at fair value as of the date of the combination. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date.
 
Allowance for Credit Losses
 
On January 1, 2023, the Company was required to adopt a new credit loss methodology, the Current Expected Credit Losses (“CECL”) methodology. See Note 1, Recent Accounting Pronouncements, for additional information regarding adoption.

The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. The allowance for credit losses is adjusted by a credit loss provision which is reported in earnings, and reduced by the charge-off of loan amounts, net of recoveries.  Loans are charged off against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged-off. Expected credit loss inherent in non-cancellable off-balance sheet credit exposures is accounted for as a separate liability included in other liabilities.

The allowance for credit losses is evaluated on a regular basis by management and is based upon management’s periodic review of the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay and estimated value of any underlying collateral and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.

The methodology for estimating the amount of credit losses reported in the allowance for credit losses has two basic components: an asset-specific component involving loans that do not share risk characteristics and the measurement of expected credit losses for such individual loans; and a pooled component for expected credit losses for pools of loans that share similar risk characteristics.

Loans That Do Not Share Risk Characteristics (Individually Analyzed)

Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis.  Loans deemed to be collateral dependent have differing risk characteristics and are individually analyzed to estimate the expected credit loss. A loan is collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment of the loan is dependent on the operation or liquidation and sale of the underlying collateral. For collateral dependent loans where foreclosure is probable, the expected credit loss is measured based on the difference between the fair value of the collateral (less selling cost) and the amortized cost basis of the asset. For collateral dependent loans where foreclosure is not probable, the Company has elected the practical expedient allowed by ASC 326-20 to measure the expected credit loss under the same approach as those loans where foreclosure is probable. For loans with balances greater than $250,000, the fair value of the collateral is obtained through independent appraisal of the underlying collateral. For loans with balances less than $250,000, the Company has made a policy election to measure expected loss for these individual loans utilizing loss rates for similar loan types.

Loans That Share Similar Risk Characteristics (Pooled Loans)

The general steps in determining expected credit losses for the pooled loan component of the allowance are as follows:


Segment loans into pools according to similar risk characteristics;


Develop historical loss rates for each loan pool segment;


Incorporate the impact of forecasts;


Incorporate the impact of other qualitative factors; and


Calculate and review pool specific allowance for credit loss estimate.

Methodology

The weighted-average remaining maturity method (“WARM”) methodology is utilized as the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses for consumer segment loans. The WARM method uses a historical average annual charge-off rate. This average annual charge-off rate contains loss content over a historical lookback period and is used as a foundation for estimating the credit loss reserve for the remaining outstanding balances of loans in a segment at the balance sheet date. The average annual charge-off rate is applied to the contractual term, further adjusted for estimated prepayments, to determine the unadjusted historical charge-off rate. The calculation of the unadjusted historical charge-off rate is then adjusted for current conditions and for reasonable and supportable forecast periods. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, delinquency level, or term as well as for changes in environmental conditions, such as changes in unemployment rates, property values, or other relevant factors. These qualitative factors serve to compensate for additional areas of uncertainty inherent in the portfolio that are not reflected in our historic loss factors.

A discounted cash flow (“DCF”) methodology is utilized to calculate expected cash flows for the life of each individual loan, with the exception of consumer segment loans. The discounted present value of expected cash flow is then compared to the loan’s amortized cost basis to determine the credit loss estimate.  Individual loan results are aggregated at the pool level in determining total reserves for each loan pool.

The primary inputs used to calculate expected cash flows include historical loss rates which reflect probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”), and prepayment rates. The historical look-back period is a key factor in the calculation of the PD rate and is based on management’s assessment of current and forecasted conditions and may vary by loan pool. LGD rates generally reflect the historical average net loss rate by loan pool. Expected cash flows are further adjusted to incorporate the impact of loan prepayments which will vary by loan segment and interest rate conditions. In general, prepayment rates are based on observed prepayment rates occurring in the loan portfolio and consideration of forecasted interest rates.

Forecast Factors

Adjustments are made to incorporate the impact of forecasted conditions.  Certain assumptions are also applied, including the length of the forecast and reversion periods. The forecast period is the period within which management is able to make a reasonable and supportable assessment of future conditions. The reversion period is the period beyond which management believes it can develop a reasonable and supportable forecast, and bridges the gap between the forecast period and the use of historical default and loss rates. The remainder period reflects the remaining life of the loan. The length of the forecast and reversion periods are periodically evaluated and based on management’s assessment of current and forecasted conditions and may vary by loan pool. For purposes of developing a reasonable and supportable assessment of future conditions, management utilizes established industry and economic data points and sources, with the forecasted unemployment rate being a significant factor. PD rates for the forecast period will be adjusted accordingly based on management’s assessment of future conditions. PD rates for the remainder period will reflect the historical mean PD rate. Reversion period PD rates reflect the difference between forecast and remainder period PD rates closed using a straight-line adjustment over the reversion period.

Qualitative Factors

Loss rates are further adjusted to account for other risk factors that impact loan defaults and losses. These basis point adjustments are based on management’s assessment of trends and conditions that impact credit risk and resulting credit losses, more specifically internal and external factors that are independent of and not reflected in the quantitative loss rate calculations. Risk factors management considers in this assessment include trends in underwriting standards, nature/volume/terms of loan originations, past due loans, loan review systems, collateral valuations, concentrations, legal/regulatory/political conditions, and the unforeseen impact of natural disasters.

Purchased Loans

When a loan portfolio is purchased, an allowance is established for those loans considered purchased with more-than-insignificant credit deterioration (“PCD”), and those not considered purchased with more-than-insignificant credit deterioration (“non-PCD”). The allowance established utilizes the same risk factors discussed above for our non-acquired allowance. The allowance established for non-PCD loans is recognized through provision expense upon acquisition, whereas the allowance established for loans considered PCD at acquisition is offset by an increase in the basis of the acquired loans. Any subsequent increases and decreases in the allowance related to acquired loans are recognized through provision expense, with future charge-offs recorded to the allowance.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures

The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which it is exposed to credit risk through a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures is adjusted as a provision for credit loss expense and is recorded in interest payable and other liabilities. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life and applies the same estimated loss rate as determined for current outstanding loan balances by segment.

Premises and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is charged to operating expense and is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred while improvements are capitalized. Premises and equipment is tested for impairment if events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate that the carrying amount of any premises and equipment may not be recoverable. Premises that are identified to be sold are transferred to other real estate owned at the lower of their carrying amounts or their fair values less estimated costs to sell. Any losses on premises identified to be sold are charged to operating expense.
  
Non-Marketable Equity Securities
 
Non-marketable equity securities consist primarily of Federal Home Loan Bank of Topeka (FHLB) stock and Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City stock and are required investments for financial institutions that are members of the FHLB and Federal Reserve systems.  The required investment in common stock is based on a predetermined formula, carried at cost and evaluated for impairment.
 
Long-Lived Asset Impairment
 
The Company evaluates the recoverability of the carrying value of long-lived assets whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable.  If a long-lived asset is tested for recoverability and the undiscounted estimated future cash flows is expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset is less than the carrying amount of the asset, the asset cost is adjusted to fair value and an impairment loss is recognized as the amount by which the carrying amount of a long-lived asset exceeds its fair value.
 
No asset impairment was recognized during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021.
 
Foreclosed Assets Held for Sale
 
Foreclosed assets held for sale consist of assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure and are initially recorded at fair value, less cost to sell at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis.  Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount of fair value less costs to sell.  Revenue and expenses from operations and changes in the valuation allowance are included in current operations.
 
Business Combinations
 
The acquisition method of accounting is used for business combinations. Under the acquisition accounting method, the acquiring Company recognizes 100% of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date fair value. The excess of fair value of the consideration transferred over the acquisition date fair value of net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Further, one-time extraordinary expenses related to the acquisition are expected to be incurred.

Asset Acquisition

The fair value of assets acquired is measured and recognized at the amount of monetary assets or liabilities exchanged, which generally includes the transaction costs of the assets acquired. No gain or loss is recognized unless the fair value of any noncash assets given as consideration differs from the assets carrying amounts on the acquiring entities books.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets
 
Intangible assets totaled $1.0 million and goodwill, net of accumulated amortization totaled $8.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to intangible assets of $1.3 million and goodwill, net of accumulated amortization of $8.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease in intangible assets is due to amortization of core deposit intangibles and the decrease in goodwill recognized is tax provision adjustments that relate to the acquisition of Watonga Bancshares, Inc. on December 9, 2021.

Goodwill resulting from a business combination represents the excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred over the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. Goodwill is tested annually for impairment or more frequently if other impairment indicators are present.  If the implied fair value of goodwill is lower than its carrying amount, a goodwill impairment is indicated and goodwill is written down to its implied fair value.  Subsequent increases in goodwill value are not recognized in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
 
Other intangible assets consist of core deposit intangible assets and are amortized on a straight-line basis based on an estimated useful life of 10 years.  Such assets are periodically evaluated as to the recoverability of their carrying values.
 
Segments
 
While the chief decision-makers monitor the revenue streams of the various products and services, operations are managed and financial performance is evaluated on a Company-wide basis.  Discrete financial information is not available other than on a Company-wide basis.  Accordingly, all of the financial service operations are considered by management to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment.
 
Income Taxes
 
The Company uses a comprehensive model for recognizing, measuring, presenting, and disclosing in the financial statements tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is ‘‘more likely than not’’ that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded.
 
The Company recognizes interest accrued and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in tax expense. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized no interest and penalties.

The Company or one of its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state jurisdictions.  We are no longer subject to U.S. federal or state tax examinations for years before 2020.

 
Comprehensive Income
 
Comprehensive income includes all changes in stockholders’ equity during a period, except those resulting from transactions with stockholders. Besides net income, other components of the Company’s comprehensive income includes the after tax effect of changes in the net unrealized gain/loss on debt securities available-for-sale. The Company’s policy is to release material stranded tax effects included in accumulated other comprehensive income on a specific identification basis.

Revenue Recognition
 
In addition to lending and related activities, the Company offers various services to customers that generate revenue. Contract performance typically occurs in one year or less. Incremental costs of obtaining a contract are expensed when incurred when the amortization period is one year or less.
 
Service and transaction fees on depository accounts
 
Customers often pay certain fees to the bank to access the cash on deposit including certain non-transactional fees such as account maintenance or dormancy fees, and certain transaction based fees such as ATM, wire transfer, or foreign exchange fees. Revenue is recognized when the transactions occur or as services are performed over primarily monthly or quarterly periods. Payment is typically received in the period the transactions occur, or in some cases, within 90 days of the service period.
 
Interchange Fees
 
Interchange fees, or “swipe” fees, are charges that merchants pay to the processors who, in turn, share that revenue with us and other card-issuing banks for processing electronic payment transactions. Interchange fees represent the portion of the debit card transaction amount that the card issuer retains to compensate it for processing transactions and providing rewards. Interchange fees are settled and recognized on a daily or monthly basis. Interchange fees are included with noninterest income and recorded net of related expenses as the Bank acts as an agent, introducing the customer transactions to the processor.
 
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies--Specific to Production of Oil and Natural Gas Reserves Operations

Use of Estimates

Significant items subject to estimates and assumptions include, the proved oil, and natural gas and NGL reserves used in the valuation of oil and gas properties, asset retirement obligations, fair value of derivatives and revenue accruals. It is possible these estimates could be revised in the near term and these revisions could be material.

The Company’s estimates of oil, natural gas and NGL reserves are, by necessity, projections based on geologic and engineering data, and there are uncertainties inherent in the interpretation of such data, as well as the projection of future rates of production. Reserve engineering is a subjective process of estimating underground accumulations of oil, natural gas, and NGL that are difficult to measure. The accuracy of any reserve estimate is a function of the quality of available data, engineering and geological interpretation and judgment. Estimates of economically recoverable oil, natural gas and NGL reserves and future net cash flows necessarily depend upon a number of variable factors and assumptions, such as historical production from the area compared with production from other producing areas, the assumed effect of regulations by governmental agencies, and assumptions governing future oil, natural gas, and NGL prices, future operating costs, severance taxes, and workover costs, all of which may in fact vary considerably from actual results. For these reasons, estimates of the economically recoverable quantities of expected oil, natural gas, and NGL attributable to any particular group of properties, classifications of such reserves based on risk of recovery, and estimates of the future net cash flows may vary substantially. Any significant variance in the assumptions could materially affect the estimated quantity of the reserves, which could affect the carrying value of the Company’s oil, natural gas, and NGL properties and/or the rate of depletion related to the oil, natural gas, and NGL properties.

Accounts Receivable

The Company’s oil and gas related accounts receivable primarily consists of oil, natural gas and NGL receivables and joint interest billings to our partners for their share of expenses on projects for which we are the operator. These balances are generated when estimating and accruing for expected oil, natural gas and NGL sales, upon receipt of oil, natural gas and NGL sales and when our cost is cutback to our joint interest partners.  The oil and gas related accounts receivable balance is included in “Interest receivable and other assets” on the consolidated balances sheets.

Additionally, due to the creditworthiness of our purchasers, we do not have any allowance for doubtful accounts recorded and do not expect to write off any portion of our oil and gas related accounts receivable.

Accounts Payable

The Company’s oil and gas related accounts payable balance primarily consists of trade payables owed to vendors that provide services and equipment for the wells and assets that we operate. The oil and gas related accounts payable balance is included in “Interest payable and other liabilities” on the consolidated balances sheets.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue from the sale of oil, natural gas and NGLs in the period that the performance obligations are satisfied in accordance with ASC 606. Our performance obligations are primarily comprised of the delivery of oil, natural gas or NGLs at a delivery point (pipeline, railcar or truck). Each barrel of oil, MMBtu of natural gas or other unit of measure is separately identifiable and represents a distinct performance obligation to which the transaction price is allocated. The transaction price used to recognize revenue is a function of the contract billing terms. Revenue is invoiced, if required, by calendar month based on volumes at contractually based rates with payment typically received within 30 days of the end of the production month. Performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time once control of the product has been transferred to the customer through monthly delivery of oil, natural gas and NGLs. Revenue from the sale of oil, natural gas and NGLs is included in “Other” noninterest income on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income, and taxes assessed by governmental authorities on oil, natural gas and NGL sales are included in “Other” noninterest expense on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Oil and Gas Property (Successful Efforts Method of Accounting)

The Company uses the successful efforts method of accounting for its oil and gas production activities. Costs incurred by the Company related to the acquisition of oil and gas properties and the cost of drilling development wells are capitalized. Costs incurred to maintain wells and related equipment, delay rentals, lease and well operating costs are charged to expense as incurred. Gains and losses arising from sales of production are generally included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Capitalized acquisition costs attributable to proved oil and gas properties are depleted by formation or field using the unit-of-production method based on proved reserves. Capitalized development costs, including asset retirement obligations, are amortized by producing unit, based on proved developed producing reserves. Depletion, depreciation, and amortization expense related to proved oil and gas properties was $3.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, and is included in “Other” noninterest expense on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Capitalized costs are evaluated for impairment in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 360, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets (ASC Topic 360), whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset’s carrying amount may not be recoverable.

The fair values of proved properties are measured using valuation techniques consistent with the income approach, converting future cash flows to a single discounted amount. Significant inputs used to determine the fair values of proved properties include estimates of: (i) reserves; (ii) future operating; (iii) future commodity prices; and (iv) a market-based weighted average cost of capital rate. The underlying commodity prices embedded in the Company’s estimated cash flows are the product of a process that begins with applicable forward curve pricing, adjusted for estimated location and quality differentials, as well as other factors that Company management believes will impact realizable prices.

To determine if a depletable unit is impaired, the carrying value of the depletable unit is compared to the undiscounted future net cash flows by applying management’s estimates of future oil and gas prices to the estimated future production of oil and gas reserves over the economic life of the property and deducting future costs. Future net cash flows are based upon third party reservoir engineers’ estimates of proved reserves and internal management estimates for probable and possible reserves. For a property determined to be impaired, an impairment loss equal to the difference between the carrying value and the estimated fair value of the impaired property will be recognized. Fair value, on a depletable unit basis, is estimated to be the present value of the aforementioned expected future net cash flows. Each part of this calculation is subject to a large degree of judgment, including the determination of the depletable units’ estimated reserves, future net cash flows and fair value. No impairment expense recorded for the year ended December 31, 2023.

There were no costs of unproved properties at December 31, 2023, and during the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized no abandonment expense.

Asset Retirement Obligation

The Company follows the provisions of ASC 410, Asset Retirement Obligations, which requires recognition of liabilities for retirement obligations associated with tangible long-lived assets, such as producing well sites when there is a legal obligation associated with the retirement of such assets and the amount can be reasonably estimated. The initial measurement of an asset retirement obligation is recorded as a liability at its fair value, with an offsetting asset retirement cost recorded as an increase to the associated property and equipment on the consolidated balance sheet. When the assumptions used to estimate a recorded asset retirement obligation change, a revision is recorded to both the asset retirement obligation and the asset retirement cost. The asset retirement cost is depreciated using a systematic and rational method similar to that used for the associated property and equipment. The Company’s asset retirement obligations relate to the plugging, dismantlement, removal, site reclamation and similar activities of its oil and natural gas properties.  The asset retirement obligation balance is included in “interest payable and other liabilities” on the consolidated of balance sheets.

Fair Value Measurements

All derivatives are recognized on the consolidated balance sheet and are measured at fair value using mark-to-market accounting.

Derivatives


During 2023, the Company entered into a certain oil derivative position. The Company primarily utilizes oil swap contracts to (i) reduce the effect of price volatility on the commodities the Company produces and sells or consumes, and (ii) reduce commodity price risk associated with certain capital projects.

 

By using derivative financial instruments to economically hedge exposures to changes in commodity prices, the Company exposes itself to credit risk and market risk. Credit risk is the failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. When the fair value of a derivative contract is positive, the counterparty owes the Company, which creates credit risk. The Company is not required to post any collateral. The Company does not receive collateral from its counterparties. The Company does not apply hedge accounting to any of its derivative instruments as defined under accounting guidance.

 

The Company nets derivative assets and liabilities by commodity where legal right to such netting exists. Therefore, the Company’s derivatives are presented on a net basis on the consolidated balance sheets in “Interest receivable and other assets” or “Interest payable and other liabilities”. Unrealized and realized gains or losses are recognized in “Other” noninterest income on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

 

As of December 31, 2023, the Company has a single contract for oil swaps that settle monthly from January to December 2024. The total notional barrels under this contract are 63,000 barrels at a fixed swap price of $73.25 per barrel. The estimated fair value of this contract utilizing future price estimates is $0.1 million and are included in “Interest receivable and other assets” on the consolidated balance sheets. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized an unrealized gain of $0.1 million.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements
 
Standards Adopted During Current Period:

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures.”  On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02, which eliminates the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 310-40, “Receivables -Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors” for entities that have adopted the current expected credit loss model introduced by ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” ASU 2022-02 also requires that public business entities disclose current-period gross charge-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases within the scope of Subtopic 326-20, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses—Measured at Amortized Cost.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” On January 1, 2023 the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, which replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology. The measurement of expected credit losses under the CECL methodology is applicable to financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loan receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities. It also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures not accounted for as insurance (loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other similar instruments) and net investments in leases recognized by a lessor in accordance with Topic 842 on leases. In addition, Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 326 made changes to the accounting for purchased loans and securities with credit deterioration and available-for-sale debt securities.

The Company adopted ASC 326 using the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures. Operating results for periods from January 1, 2023 are presented in accordance with ASC 326 while prior period amounts continue to be reported in accordance with previously applicable standards and the accounting policies described in our 2022 Form 10-K. The Company recorded a net decrease to retained earnings of $572,000, gross of $750,000 net of tax of $178,000, as of January 1, 2023 for the cumulative effect of adopting ASC 326, and the impact on our results of operations and cash flows was not material.

The Company has not recorded an allowance for credit losses against its available-for-sale securities, as the credit risk is not material. The following table illustrates the impact of ASC 326 on the allowance for credit losses on the Company’s loans as of January 1, 2023 (dollars in thousands).

   
January 1, 2023
 
   
As Reported
Under ASC 326
   
Pre ASC 326
Adoption
   
Impact of ASC
326 Adoption
 
                   
Construction & development
 
$
1,933
   
$
1,889
   
$
44
 
1 - 4 family real estate
   
752
     
890
     
(138
)
Commercial real estate - other
   
4,912
     
5,080
     
(168
)
Total commercial real estate
 
$
7,597
   
$
7,859
   
$
(262
)
                         
Commercial & industrial
   
6,653
     
5,937
     
716
 
Agricultural
   
616
     
765
     
(149
)
Consumer
   
118
     
173
     
(55
)
                         
Allowance for credit losses on loans
 
$
14,984
   
$
14,734
   
$
250
 
                         
Allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures (unfunded commitments), see Note (6) and Note (17)
   
500
     
-
     
500
 
Total Impact
 
$
15,484
   
$
14,734
   
$
750
 

Standards Not Yet Adopted:

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), primarily focused on income tax disclosures regarding effective tax rates and cash income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 requires public business entities, on an annual basis, to disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold (if the effect of those reconciling items is equal to or greater than 5 percent of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income by the applicable statutory income tax rate). ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company will complete an evaluation of the impact this standard will have on its results of operations, financial position or disclosures.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”), which expands reportable segment disclosure requirements through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendments in this update introduce a new requirement to disclose significant segment expenses regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker, extend certain annual disclosures to interim periods, clarify that single reportable segment entities must apply Topic 280 in its entirety, permit more than one measure of segment profit or loss to be reported under certain conditions and require disclosure of the title and position of the chief operating decision maker. ASU 2023-07 is effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of ASU 2023-07 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s operations, financial position or disclosures.

Legislative and Regulatory Developments
 
In April 2020, the Company began originating loans to qualified small businesses under the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) administered by the Small Business Administration (SBA). PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA and thus have a zero percent risk weight under applicable risk-based capital rules. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had one PPP loan with balances totaling $2.0 million, and two PPP loans with balances totaling $2.6 million as of December 31, 2022. The Company recognized $50,000 in fee income during the year ended December 31, 2023, with $0 remaining to be recognized, as compared to $219,000 recognized and $50,000 to be recognized as of December 31, 2022.

Subsequent Events

The Company evaluated subsequent events through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued.  There were no subsequent events requiring recognition or disclosure.