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Loans and Asset Quality | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
Receivables [Abstract] |
Loans and Asset Quality | Loans and Asset Quality Loans Loans HFI by category and loans HFS are summarized below:
| December 31,
(in thousands) | 2024 |  | 2023
Real estate: |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 884,641 |  |  | $ | 851,582 |
One-to-four family residential | 614,551 |  |  | 599,487 |
Construction and development | 155,229 |  |  | 125,238 |
Commercial and industrial | 327,086 |  |  | 315,327 |
Tax-exempt | 64,930 |  |  | 72,913 |
Consumer | 28,576 |  |  | 28,311 |
Total loans HFI | $ | 2,075,013 |  |  | $ | 1,992,858 |
Total loans HFS | $ | 2,547 |  |  | $ | 1,306 |
Deferred loan origination fees, net of certain direct costs, were $1.7 million and $1.4 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Accrued interest receivable on loans HFI totaled $6.9 million and $6.8 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and was reported in accrued interest receivable on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Concentrations of Credit Risk The majority of the lending activity occurs within the Bank’s Louisiana markets. The Bank maintains a diversified loan portfolio with a focus on CRE, one-to-four family residential real estate, and commercial and industrial loans. Substantially all of the Bank’s real estate loans are secured by properties located within Louisiana. Allowance for Credit Losses The Company maintains an ACL on all loans that reflects management’s estimate of expected credit losses for the full life of the loan portfolio. The following table summarizes the activity in the ACL by category for the year ended December 31, 2024:
(in thousands) | Beginning Balance |  |  |  | Provision for Credit Losses(1) |  | Charge-offs |  | Recoveries |  | Ending Balance
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 9,118 |  |  |  |  | $ | (71) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,047 |
One-to-four family residential | 7,484 |  |  |  |  | (1,041) |  |  | (1) |  |  | 10 |  |  | 6,452 |
Construction and development | 1,309 |  |  |  |  | 344 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,653 |
Commercial and industrial | 2,553 |  |  |  |  | 1,887 |  |  | (380) |  |  | 63 |  |  | 4,123 |
Tax-exempt | 575 |  |  |  |  | (472) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 103 |
Consumer | 297 |  |  |  |  | 353 |  |  | (422) |  |  | 125 |  |  | 353 |
Total allowance for credit losses | $ | 21,336 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,000 |  |  | $ | (803) |  |  | $ | 198 |  |  | $ | 21,731 |
(1)The $1.2 million provision for credit losses on the consolidated statements of income for the year ended December 31, 2024, includes $1.0 million for loans and $200,000 for unfunded loan commitments. Effective January 1, 2023, the Company adopted the provisions of ASC 326 using the modified retrospective method. The following table summarizes the activity in the ACL by category for the year ended December 31, 2023:
(in thousands) | Beginning Balance |  | Impact of ASC 326 Adoption |  | Provision for Credit Losses |  | Charge-offs |  | Recoveries |  | Ending Balance
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 7,720 |  |  | $ | 876 |  |  | $ | 522 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,118 |
One-to-four family residential | 5,682 |  |  | 1,231 |  |  | 584 |  |  | (23) |  |  | 10 |  |  | 7,484 |
Construction and development | 1,654 |  |  | (444) |  |  | 108 |  |  | (9) |  |  | — |  |  | 1,309 |
Commercial and industrial | 4,350 |  |  | (822) |  |  | (947) |  |  | (58) |  |  | 30 |  |  | 2,553 |
Tax-exempt | 751 |  |  | (427) |  |  | 251 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 575 |
Consumer | 471 |  |  | (136) |  |  | 217 |  |  | (383) |  |  | 128 |  |  | 297 |
Total allowance for credit losses | $ | 20,628 |  |  | $ | 278 |  |  | $ | 735 |  |  | $ | (473) |  |  | $ | 168 |  |  | $ | 21,336 |
Allowance for Loan Losses For reporting periods prior to January 1, 2023, the Company maintained an ALL on loans that represented management’s estimate of probable losses incurred in the portfolio category. The following table summarizes the activity in the ALL by category for the year ended December 31, 2022:
(in thousands) | Beginning Balance |  | Provision for Loan Losses |  | Charge-offs |  | Recoveries |  | Ending Balance
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 6,749 |  |  | $ | 970 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 7,720 |
One-to-four family residential | 5,375 |  |  | 296 |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | 5,682 |
Construction and development | 1,326 |  |  | 328 |  |  | (18) |  |  | 18 |  |  | 1,654 |
Commercial and industrial | 4,465 |  |  | (162) |  |  | (39) |  |  | 86 |  |  | 4,350 |
Tax-exempt | 749 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 751 |
Consumer | 512 |  |  | 316 |  |  | (490) |  |  | 133 |  |  | 471 |
Total allowance for loan losses | $ | 19,176 |  |  | $ | 1,750 |  |  | $ | (547) |  |  | $ | 249 |  |  | $ | 20,628 |
The balance in the ACL and the related recorded investment in loans by category as of December 31, 2024, are as follows:
(in thousands) | Individually Evaluated |  | Collectively Evaluated |  |  |  | Total
Allowance for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 9,015 |  |  |  |  | $ | 9,047 |
One-to-four family residential | 144 |  |  | 6,308 |  |  |  |  | 6,452 |
Construction and development | 549 |  |  | 1,104 |  |  |  |  | 1,653 |
Commercial and industrial | 116 |  |  | 4,007 |  |  |  |  | 4,123 |
Tax-exempt | — |  |  | 103 |  |  |  |  | 103 |
Consumer | 78 |  |  | 275 |  |  |  |  | 353 |
Total allowance for credit losses | $ | 919 |  |  | $ | 20,812 |  |  |  |  | $ | 21,731 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 4,173 |  |  | $ | 880,468 |  |  |  |  | $ | 884,641 |
One-to-four family residential | 2,822 |  |  | 611,729 |  |  |  |  | 614,551 |
Construction and development | 1,158 |  |  | 154,071 |  |  |  |  | 155,229 |
Commercial and industrial | 661 |  |  | 326,425 |  |  |  |  | 327,086 |
Tax-exempt | — |  |  | 64,930 |  |  |  |  | 64,930 |
Consumer | 91 |  |  | 28,485 |  |  |  |  | 28,576 |
Total loans HFI | $ | 8,905 |  |  | $ | 2,066,108 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,075,013 |
The balance in the ACL and the related recorded investment in loans by category as of December 31, 2023, are as follows:
(in thousands) | Individually Evaluated |  | Collectively Evaluated |  |  |  | Total
Allowance for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 342 |  |  | $ | 8,776 |  |  |  |  | $ | 9,118 |
One-to-four family residential | 57 |  |  | 7,427 |  |  |  |  | 7,484 |
Construction and development | — |  |  | 1,309 |  |  |  |  | 1,309 |
Commercial and industrial | 226 |  |  | 2,327 |  |  |  |  | 2,553 |
Tax-exempt | — |  |  | 575 |  |  |  |  | 575 |
Consumer | 104 |  |  | 193 |  |  |  |  | 297 |
Total allowance for credit losses | $ | 729 |  |  | $ | 20,607 |  |  |  |  | $ | 21,336 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 1,379 |  |  | $ | 850,203 |  |  |  |  | $ | 851,582 |
One-to-four family residential | 751 |  |  | 598,736 |  |  |  |  | 599,487 |
Construction and development | — |  |  | 125,238 |  |  |  |  | 125,238 |
Commercial and industrial | 972 |  |  | 314,355 |  |  |  |  | 315,327 |
Tax-exempt | — |  |  | 72,913 |  |  |  |  | 72,913 |
Consumer | 140 |  |  | 28,171 |  |  |  |  | 28,311 |
Total loans HFI | $ | 3,242 |  |  | $ | 1,989,616 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,992,858 |
Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans The following table presents nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2024:
(in thousands) | Nonaccrual with No ACL |  | Nonaccrual with ACL |  | Total Nonaccrual |  |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 458 |  |  | $ | 276 |  |  | $ | 734 |  |  |
One-to-four family residential | 397 |  |  | 289 |  |  | 686 |  |  |
Construction and development | — |  |  | 920 |  |  | 920 |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | 412 |  |  | 142 |  |  | 554 |  |  |
Tax-exempt | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Consumer | — |  |  | 74 |  |  | 74 |  |  |
Total loans HFI | $ | 1,267 |  |  | $ | 1,701 |  |  | $ | 2,968 |  |  |
The following table presents nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2023:
(in thousands) | Nonaccrual with No ACL |  | Nonaccrual with ACL |  | Total Nonaccrual |  |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | — |  |  | $ | 714 |  |  | $ | 714 |  |  |
One-to-four family residential | — |  |  | 269 |  |  | 269 |  |  |
Construction and development | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | 709 |  |  | 135 |  |  | 844 |  |  |
Tax-exempt | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Consumer | — |  |  | 132 |  |  | 132 |  |  |
Total loans HFI | $ | 709 |  |  | $ | 1,250 |  |  | $ | 1,959 |  |  |
No material interest income was recognized in the consolidated statements of income on nonaccrual loans for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, or 2022. The following table presents the aging analysis of the past due loans and loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest by loan category as of December 31, 2024:
| Past Due |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | 30-59 Days |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  | 90 Days or More |  | Current |  | Total Loans HFI |  | 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 704 |  |  | $ | 883,937 |  |  | $ | 884,641 |  |  | $ | — |
One-to-four family residential | 1,762 |  |  | 2,705 |  |  | 899 |  |  | 609,185 |  |  | 614,551 |  |  | 264 |
Construction and development | 32 |  |  | — |  |  | 918 |  |  | 154,279 |  |  | 155,229 |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial | 4 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 453 |  |  | 326,627 |  |  | 327,086 |  |  | — |
Tax-exempt | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 64,930 |  |  | 64,930 |  |  | — |
Consumer | 44 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 28,515 |  |  | 28,576 |  |  | 2 |
Total loans HFI | $ | 1,842 |  |  | $ | 2,722 |  |  | $ | 2,976 |  |  | $ | 2,067,473 |  |  | $ | 2,075,013 |  |  | $ | 266 |
The following table presents the aging analysis of the past due loans and loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest by loan category as of December 31, 2023:
| Past Due |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | 30-59 Days |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  | 90 Days or More |  | Current |  | Total Loans HFI |  | 90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 678 |  |  | $ | 850,868 |  |  | $ | 851,582 |  |  | $ | — |
One-to-four family residential | 392 |  |  | 251 |  |  | 409 |  |  | 598,435 |  |  | 599,487 |  |  | 260 |
Construction and development | — |  |  | — |  |  | 265 |  |  | 124,973 |  |  | 125,238 |  |  | 265 |
Commercial and industrial | 132 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 847 |  |  | 314,288 |  |  | 315,327 |  |  | 45 |
Tax-exempt | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 72,913 |  |  | 72,913 |  |  | — |
Consumer | 27 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 28,222 |  |  | 28,311 |  |  | 4 |
Total loans HFI | $ | 587 |  |  | $ | 327 |  |  | $ | 2,245 |  |  | $ | 1,989,699 |  |  | $ | 1,992,858 |  |  | $ | 574 |
Impaired Loans For reporting periods prior to January 1, 2023, when ASC 326 was adopted, the Company individually evaluated impaired loans, including TDRs and performing and nonperforming loans. Once a loan was deemed to be impaired, the difference between the loan value and the Bank’s exposure was charged-off or a specific reserve was established. Information pertaining to impaired loans as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, is as follows:
(in thousands) | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Recorded Investment |  | Related Allowance |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 3,804 |  |  | $ | 3,796 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,194 |  |  | $ | 135 |
One-to-four family residential | 1,458 |  |  | 1,387 |  |  | — |  |  | 797 |  |  | 68 |
Construction and development | 9 |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 104 |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial | 51 |  |  | 51 |  |  | — |  |  | 58 |  |  | 4 |
Tax-exempt | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer | 26 |  |  | 26 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | 1 |
Total with no related allowance | 5,348 |  |  | 5,269 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,162 |  |  | 208 |
With allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate | 717 |  |  | 717 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 1,264 |  |  | 33 |
One-to-four family residential | 120 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 6 |
Construction and development | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial | 1,360 |  |  | 1,351 |  |  | 172 |  |  | 623 |  |  | 4 |
Tax-exempt | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer | 113 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 122 |  |  | 1 |
Total with related allowance | 2,310 |  |  | 2,299 |  |  | 314 |  |  | 2,057 |  |  | 44 |
Total impaired loans | $ | 7,658 |  |  | $ | 7,568 |  |  | $ | 314 |  |  | $ | 6,219 |  |  | $ | 252 |
Loan Modifications Modifications are made to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty, and the modified terms are in the form of principal forgiveness, interest rate reduction, other-than-insignificant payment delay, or a term extension in the current reporting period. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, modifications were made to certain borrowers by granting term extensions. These term extensions were not significant to the consolidated financial statements.
Troubled Debt Restructurings For reporting periods prior to January 1, 2023, when ASC 326 was adopted, the restructuring of a loan was considered a TDR if the borrower was experiencing financial difficulties and the Bank had granted a concession. A summary of loans modified as TDRs that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2022, is as follows:
|  |  | December 31, 2022
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Recorded Investment
(dollars in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  | Loan Count |  | Pre Modification |  | Post Modification
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 50 |
One-to-four family residential |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5 |  |  | 696 |  |  | 699 |
Construction and development |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Tax-exempt |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | 104 |  |  | 104 |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7 |  |  | $ | 850 |  |  | $ | 853 |
The TDRs described above increased the ALL by $101,000 during the year ended December 31, 2022. Additionally, there were no charge-offs of TDRs in 2022, and there were no TDRs that subsequently defaulted in 2022. Credit Quality Indicators Loans are categorized based on the degree of risk inherent in the credit and the ability of the borrower to service the debt. A description of the general characteristics of the Bank’s risk rating grades follows: Pass - These loans are of satisfactory quality and do not require a more severe classification. Special Mention - This category includes loans with potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan. However, the loss potential does not warrant substandard classification. Substandard - Loans in this category have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize normal repayment of principal and interest. Prompt corrective action is required to reduce exposure and to assure adequate remedial actions are taken by the borrower. If these weaknesses do not improve, loss is possible. Doubtful - Loans in this category have well-defined weaknesses that make full collection improbable. Loss - Loans classified in this category are considered uncollectible and charged-off to the ACL. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had no loans classified as doubtful or loss. The following table summarizes loans by risk rating and year of origination as of December 31, 2024, and gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2024:
| Year of Origination |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Prior Years |  | Revolving Lines |  | Total
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate
Pass | $ | 141,677 |  |  | $ | 107,788 |  |  | $ | 242,693 |  |  | $ | 208,595 |  |  | $ | 68,371 |  |  | $ | 85,212 |  |  | $ | 22,731 |  |  | $ | 877,067 |
Special Mention | 2,883 |  |  | 221 |  |  | 1,475 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 658 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,237 |
Substandard | 725 |  |  | — |  |  | 194 |  |  | 684 |  |  | — |  |  | 734 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,337 |
Total | $ | 145,285 |  |  | $ | 108,009 |  |  | $ | 244,362 |  |  | $ | 209,279 |  |  | $ | 68,371 |  |  | $ | 86,604 |  |  | $ | 22,731 |  |  | $ | 884,641 |
One-to-four family residential
Pass | $ | 92,621 |  |  | $ | 104,575 |  |  | $ | 117,750 |  |  | $ | 111,730 |  |  | $ | 78,869 |  |  | $ | 86,432 |  |  | $ | 19,294 |  |  | $ | 611,271 |
Special Mention | 125 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 798 |  |  | — |  |  | 255 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,178 |
Substandard | — |  |  | 63 |  |  | 369 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 785 |  |  | 810 |  |  | 2,102 |
Total | $ | 92,746 |  |  | $ | 104,638 |  |  | $ | 118,119 |  |  | $ | 112,570 |  |  | $ | 78,902 |  |  | $ | 87,472 |  |  | $ | 20,104 |  |  | $ | 614,551 |
Construction and development
Pass | $ | 79,431 |  |  | $ | 51,997 |  |  | $ | 15,031 |  |  | $ | 3,629 |  |  | $ | 672 |  |  | $ | 1,514 |  |  | $ | 1,799 |  |  | $ | 154,073 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Substandard | — |  |  | 918 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 238 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,156 |
Total | $ | 79,431 |  |  | $ | 52,915 |  |  | $ | 15,031 |  |  | $ | 3,629 |  |  | $ | 672 |  |  | $ | 1,752 |  |  | $ | 1,799 |  |  | $ | 155,229 |
Commercial and industrial
Pass | $ | 85,573 |  |  | $ | 43,242 |  |  | $ | 32,024 |  |  | $ | 38,991 |  |  | $ | 7,619 |  |  | $ | 1,356 |  |  | $ | 115,704 |  |  | $ | 324,509 |
Special Mention | 646 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,191 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 78 |  |  | 1,915 |
Substandard | 26 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 78 |  |  | 485 |  |  | 662 |
Total | $ | 86,245 |  |  | $ | 43,244 |  |  | $ | 33,273 |  |  | $ | 39,002 |  |  | $ | 7,621 |  |  | $ | 1,434 |  |  | $ | 116,267 |  |  | $ | 327,086 |
Tax-exempt
Pass | $ | 2,510 |  |  | $ | 1,893 |  |  | $ | 14,976 |  |  | $ | 6,626 |  |  | $ | 10,811 |  |  | $ | 28,114 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 64,930 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 2,510 |  |  | $ | 1,893 |  |  | $ | 14,976 |  |  | $ | 6,626 |  |  | $ | 10,811 |  |  | $ | 28,114 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 64,930 |
Consumer
Pass | $ | 15,638 |  |  | $ | 7,316 |  |  | $ | 3,009 |  |  | $ | 869 |  |  | $ | 335 |  |  | $ | 183 |  |  | $ | 1,135 |  |  | $ | 28,485 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Substandard | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 74 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 91 |
Total | $ | 15,638 |  |  | $ | 7,326 |  |  | $ | 3,009 |  |  | $ | 869 |  |  | $ | 335 |  |  | $ | 257 |  |  | $ | 1,142 |  |  | $ | 28,576 |
Total loans HFI | $ | 421,855 |  |  | $ | 318,025 |  |  | $ | 428,770 |  |  | $ | 371,975 |  |  | $ | 166,712 |  |  | $ | 205,633 |  |  | $ | 162,043 |  |  | $ | 2,075,013 |
Gross charge-offs | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 312 |  |  | $ | 413 |  |  | $ | 803 |
As of December 31, 2023, the Company had no loans classified as doubtful or loss. The following table summarizes loans by risk rating and year of origination as of December 31, 2023, and gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2023:
| Year of Origination |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | Prior Years |  | Revolving Lines |  | Total
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate
Pass | $ | 124,134 |  |  | $ | 256,707 |  |  | $ | 239,364 |  |  | $ | 76,754 |  |  | $ | 63,475 |  |  | $ | 61,957 |  |  | $ | 18,467 |  |  | $ | 840,858 |
Special Mention | 73 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,186 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,031 |  |  | 4,082 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,372 |
Substandard | 184 |  |  | 779 |  |  | 675 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 714 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,352 |
Total | $ | 124,391 |  |  | $ | 257,486 |  |  | $ | 243,225 |  |  | $ | 76,754 |  |  | $ | 64,506 |  |  | $ | 66,753 |  |  | $ | 18,467 |  |  | $ | 851,582 |
One-to-four family residential
Pass | $ | 122,004 |  |  | $ | 134,583 |  |  | $ | 129,388 |  |  | $ | 90,190 |  |  | $ | 31,110 |  |  | $ | 74,077 |  |  | $ | 16,472 |  |  | $ | 597,824 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 261 |  |  | — |  |  | 261 |
Substandard | — |  |  | 79 |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |  |  | 385 |  |  | 827 |  |  | 74 |  |  | 1,402 |
Total | $ | 122,004 |  |  | $ | 134,662 |  |  | $ | 129,388 |  |  | $ | 90,227 |  |  | $ | 31,495 |  |  | $ | 75,165 |  |  | $ | 16,546 |  |  | $ | 599,487 |
Construction and development
Pass | $ | 54,189 |  |  | $ | 55,515 |  |  | $ | 10,333 |  |  | $ | 1,742 |  |  | $ | 2,158 |  |  | $ | 1,015 |  |  | $ | 286 |  |  | $ | 125,238 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 54,189 |  |  | $ | 55,515 |  |  | $ | 10,333 |  |  | $ | 1,742 |  |  | $ | 2,158 |  |  | $ | 1,015 |  |  | $ | 286 |  |  | $ | 125,238 |
Commercial and industrial
Pass | $ | 73,653 |  |  | $ | 49,637 |  |  | $ | 51,012 |  |  | $ | 13,863 |  |  | $ | 7,409 |  |  | $ | 813 |  |  | $ | 107,171 |  |  | $ | 303,558 |
Special Mention | 1,208 |  |  | 937 |  |  | 4,659 |  |  | — |  |  | 310 |  |  | 509 |  |  | 3,173 |  |  | 10,796 |
Substandard | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | 59 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 800 |  |  | 973 |
Total | $ | 74,865 |  |  | $ | 50,574 |  |  | $ | 55,730 |  |  | $ | 13,868 |  |  | $ | 7,773 |  |  | $ | 1,373 |  |  | $ | 111,144 |  |  | $ | 315,327 |
Tax-exempt
Pass | $ | 959 |  |  | $ | 15,679 |  |  | $ | 8,174 |  |  | $ | 13,919 |  |  | $ | 4,250 |  |  | $ | 29,932 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 72,913 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Substandard | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 959 |  |  | $ | 15,679 |  |  | $ | 8,174 |  |  | $ | 13,919 |  |  | $ | 4,250 |  |  | $ | 29,932 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 72,913 |
Consumer
Pass | $ | 16,947 |  |  | $ | 6,385 |  |  | $ | 2,325 |  |  | $ | 858 |  |  | $ | 363 |  |  | $ | 133 |  |  | $ | 1,173 |  |  | $ | 28,184 |
Special Mention | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Substandard | — |  |  | 29 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 90 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 127 |
Total | $ | 16,947 |  |  | $ | 6,414 |  |  | $ | 2,325 |  |  | $ | 858 |  |  | $ | 363 |  |  | $ | 223 |  |  | $ | 1,181 |  |  | $ | 28,311 |
Total loans HFI | $ | 393,355 |  |  | $ | 520,330 |  |  | $ | 449,175 |  |  | $ | 197,368 |  |  | $ | 110,545 |  |  | $ | 174,461 |  |  | $ | 147,624 |  |  | $ | 1,992,858 |
Gross charge-offs | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 405 |  |  | $ | 473 |
Commitments to Extend Credit Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer if all conditions of the commitment have been met. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require the payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if it is deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s evaluation of the customer’s ability to repay. Unfunded loan commitments totaled approximately $509.6 million and $372.0 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements, including commercial paper, bond financing, and similar transactions. Commitments under standby letters of credit totaled approximately $11.9 million and $15.4 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. Effective January 1, 2023, the Company adopted the provision of ASC 326 using the modified retrospective method and established a reserve for unfunded commitments. The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk through a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The reserve for unfunded commitments is recorded within accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, and the related provision is recorded in provision for credit losses on the consolidated statements of income. The estimate includes consideration of the likelihood that funding will occur and an estimate of expected credit losses on commitments expected to be funded over its estimated life. The loss rates computed for each pool and expected pool-level funding rates are applied to the related unfunded commitment balance to obtain the reserve amount. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the reserve on unfunded commitments was $642,000 and $442,000, respectively. The following table summarizes the reserve for unfunded commitments for the periods indicated:
| As of and for the Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands) | 2024 |  |  | 2023
Reserve for unfunded commitments at beginning of period | $ | 442 |  |  |  | $ | — |
Provision for credit losses(1,2) | 200 |  |  |  | — |
Impact of ASC 326 adoption | — |  |  |  | 442 |
Reserve for unfunded commitments at end of period | $ | 642 |  |  |  | $ | 442 |
(1)The $1.2 million provision for credit losses on the consolidated statements of income for the year ended December 31, 2024, includes $1.0 million for loans and $200,000 for unfunded loan commitments. (2)The $735,000 provision for credit losses on the consolidated statements of income for the year ended December 31, 2023, is all for loans.

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