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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2012
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Accounting Principles The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP”). Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Flotek Industries, Inc. and all wholly-owned subsidiary corporations. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company does not have investments in any unconsolidated subsidiaries. Cash Equivalents Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts Accounts receivable arise from product sales, product rentals and services and are stated at estimated net realizable value. This value incorporates an allowance for doubtful accounts to reflect any loss anticipated on accounts receivable balances. The Company regularly evaluates its accounts receivable to estimate amounts that will not be collected and records the appropriate provision for doubtful accounts as a charge to operating expenses. The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on a combination of the age of the receivables, individual customer circumstances, credit conditions and historical write-offs and collections. The Company writes off specific accounts receivable when they are determined to be uncollectible. Substantially all of the Company’s customers are engaged in the energy industry. The cyclical nature of the energy industry can affect customers’ operating performance and cash flows, which directly impact the Company’s ability to collect on outstanding obligations. Additionally, certain customers are located in international areas that are inherently subject to risks of economic, political and civil instability, which can impact the collectability of receivables. Changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts are as follows (in thousands):
| Year ended December 31,
| 2012 |  | 2011 |  | 2010
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 571 |  |  | $ | 262 |  |  | $ | 948 |
Charged to provision for doubtful accounts | 512 |  |  | 661 |  |  | 94 |
Write-offs | (369 | ) |  | (352 | ) |  | (780 | )
Balance, end of year | $ | 714 |  |  | $ | 571 |  |  | $ | 262 |
Inventories Inventories consist of raw materials, work-in-process and finished goods and are stated at the lower of cost, determined using the weighted-average cost method, or market. Finished goods inventories include raw materials, direct labor and production overhead. The Company regularly reviews inventories on hand and records a provision for excess and obsolete inventory based primarily on forecasts of product demand, historical trends, market conditions, production or procurement requirements and technological developments and advancements. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost. The cost of ordinary maintenance and repair is charged to operating expense, while replacement of critical components and major improvements are capitalized. Depreciation or amortization of property and equipment, including assets held under capital leases, is calculated using the straight-line method over the asset’s estimated useful life:
Buildings and leasehold |
improvements | 2-30 years
Machinery, equipment and rental |
tools | 7-10 years
Furniture and fixtures | 3 years
Transportation equipment | 2-5 years
Computer equipment and software | 3-7 years
Property and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. Indicative events or circumstances include a significant decline in market value and a significant change in business climate. An impairment loss is recognized when the carrying value of an asset exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. The amount of impairment loss recognized is the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying value or the fair value less cost to sell. Upon sale or other disposition of an asset, the Company recognizes a gain or loss on disposal measured as the difference between the net carrying value of the asset and the net proceeds received. Internal Use Computer Software Costs Direct costs incurred to purchase and develop computer software for internal use are capitalized during the application development and implementation stages. These software costs have been for enterprise-level business and finance software that is customized to meet the Company’s specific operational needs. Capitalized costs are included in property and equipment and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the software beginning when the software project is substantially complete and placed in service. Costs incurred during the preliminary project stage and costs for training, data conversion and maintenance are expensed as incurred. The Company amortizes software costs using the straight-line method over the expected life of the software, generally 3 to 7 years. The unamortized amount of capitalized software was $4.6 million at December 31, 2012. Goodwill Goodwill is the excess of cost of an acquired entity over the amounts assigned to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Goodwill is not subject to amortization, but is tested for impairment annually during the fourth quarter, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would indicate a potential impairment. These circumstances may include an adverse change in the business climate or a change in the assessment of future operations of a reporting unit. The Company assesses whether a goodwill impairment exists using both qualitative and quantitative assessments. The qualitative assessment involves determining whether events or circumstances exist that indicate it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. If, based on this qualitative assessment, it is determined that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the Company does not perform a quantitative assessment. If the qualitative assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount or if the Company elects not to perform a qualitative assessment, a quantitative assessment or two-step impairment test is performed to determine whether a goodwill impairment exists at the reporting unit. Goodwill is tested for impairment at a reporting unit level. Impairment testing for goodwill consists of a two-step process. The first step is to compare the estimated fair value of each reporting unit with goodwill to its carrying amount, including goodwill. To determine fair value estimates, the Company uses the income approach based on discounted cash flow analyses, combined with a market-based approach. The market-based approach considers valuation comparisons of recent public sale transactions of similar businesses and earnings multiples of publicly traded businesses operating in industries consistent with the reporting unit. If the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, the second step of the impairment test is performed to determine the amount of impairment loss, if any. The second step compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its implied fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. Other Intangible Assets The Company’s other intangible assets have determinable lives and primarily consist of customer relationships, but also include purchased patents and a purchased brand name. The cost of intangible assets with determinable lives is amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated period of economic benefit, ranging from 2 to 20 years. Asset lives are adjusted whenever there is a change in the estimated period of economic benefit. No residual value has been assigned to these intangible assets. The Company has no intangible assets with indefinite lives. Intangible assets with definite lives are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. These conditions may include a change in the extent or manner in which the asset is being used or a change in future operations. The Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying amount by preparing estimates of future revenue, margins and cash flows. If the sum of expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized. The impairment loss recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value. Fair value of these assets may be determined by a variety of methodologies, including discounted cash flow models. Warrant Liability The warrant liability does not have a readily determinable fair value. Each reporting period, the Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of its warrant liability. Changes in the fair value of the warrant liability are recognized in the statement of operations. On June 14, 2012, provisions in the Company’s outstanding warrants were amended to eliminate anti-dilution price adjustment provisions and remove cash settlement provisions in the event of a change of control. Upon amendment, the warrants met the requirements for classification as equity. All fluctuations in the fair value of the warrant liability prior to June 2012 were recognized as non-cash income or expense items within the statement of operations. The fair value accounting methodology for the warrant liability is no longer required. Fair Value Measurements The Company categorizes financial assets and liabilities using a three-tier fair value hierarchy, based on the nature of the inputs used to determine fair value. Inputs refer broadly to assumptions market participants would use to value an asset or liability and may be observable or unobservable. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3). “Level 1” measurements are measurements using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities. “Level 2” measurements are measurements using quoted prices in markets that are not active or that are based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities. “Level 3” measurements are measurements that use significant unobservable inputs which require a company to develop its own assumptions. When determining the fair value of assets and liabilities, the Company uses the most reliable measurement available. Revenue Recognition Revenue for product sales and services is recognized when all of the following criteria have been met: (i) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (ii) products are shipped or services rendered to the customer and significant risks and rewards of ownership have passed to the customer, (iii) the price to the customer is fixed and determinable and (iv) collectability is reasonably assured. Products and services are sold with fixed or determinable prices and do not include right of return provisions or other significant post delivery obligations. Deposits and other funds received in advance of delivery are deferred until the transfer of ownership is complete. Shipping and handling costs are reflected in cost of revenue. Taxes collected are not included in revenue, rather taxes are accrued for future remittance to governmental authorities. The Logistics division recognizes revenue from design and construction oversight contracts under the percentage-of-completion method of accounting, measured by the percentage of “costs incurred to date” to the “total estimated costs of completion.” This percentage is applied to the “total estimated revenue at completion” to calculate proportionate revenue earned to date. Contracts for services are inclusive of direct labor and material costs, as well as, indirect costs of operations. General and administrative costs are charged to expense as incurred. Changes in job performance metrics and estimated profitability, including contract bonus or penalty provisions and final contract settlements, are recognized in the period such revisions appear probable. Known or anticipated losses on contracts are recognized in full when amounts are probable and estimable. Bulk material loading revenue is recognized as services are performed. Drilling revenue is recognized upon receipt of a signed and dated field billing ticket from the customer. Customers are charged contractually agreed amounts for oilfield rental equipment damaged or lost-in-hole (“LIH”). LIH proceeds are recognized as revenue and the associated carrying value is charged to cost of sales. LIH revenue totaled $4.2 million, $4.5 million and $3.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The Company generally is not contractually obligated to accept returns, except for defective products. Typically products determined to be defective are replaced or the customer is issued a credit memo. Based on historical return rates, no provision is made for returns at the time of sale. All costs associated with product returns are expensed as incurred. Foreign Currency Translation Financial statements of foreign subsidiaries are prepared using the local currency as the functional currency. Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect as of the end of identified reporting periods. Revenue and expense transactions are translated using the average monthly exchange rate for the reporting period. Resultant translation adjustments are recognized as other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity. Comprehensive Income (Loss) Comprehensive income (loss) encompasses all changes in stockholders’ equity except those arising from investments from, and distributions to stockholders. The Company’s comprehensive income (loss) includes net income (loss) and foreign currency translation adjustments. Research and Development Costs Expenditures for research activities relating to product development and improvement are charged to expense as incurred. Income Taxes The Company has two U.S. tax filing groups which file separate U.S. Federal tax returns. Taxable income of one return cannot be offset by tax attributes, including net operating losses, of the other return. The Company uses the liability method in accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for temporary differences between financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities, and are measured using the tax rates expected to be in effect when the differences reverse. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized related to the anticipated future tax effects of temporary differences between the financial statement basis and the tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities using statutory tax rates at the applicable year end. Deferred tax assets are also recognized for operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the results of operations in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is used to reduce deferred tax assets when uncertainty exists regarding their realization. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce previously recorded tax assets when it becomes more-likely-than-not that such assets will not be realized. The Company evaluates, at least annually, net operating loss carry forwards and other net deferred tax assets and considers all available evidence, both positive and negative, to determine whether a valuation allowance is necessary relative to net operating loss carry forwards and other net deferred tax assets. In making this determination, the Company considers cumulative losses in recent years as significant negative evidence. The Company considers recent years to mean the current year plus the two preceding years. The Company considers the recent cumulative income or loss position of its filings groups as objectively verifiable evidence for the projection of future income, which consists primarily of determining the average of the pre-tax income of the current and prior two years after adjusting for certain items not indicative of future performance. Based on this analysis, the Company determines whether a valuation allowance is necessary. U.S. Federal income taxes are not provided on unremitted earnings of subsidiaries operating outside the U.S. because it is the Company’s intention to permanently reinvest undistributed earnings in the subsidiary. These earnings would become subject to income tax if they were remitted as dividends or loaned to a U.S. affiliate. Determination of the amount of unrecognized deferred U.S. income tax liability on these unremitted earnings is not practicable. The Company has performed an evaluation and concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in the Company’s financial statements. The Company’s policy is to record interest and penalties related to income tax matters as income tax expense. Earnings (Loss) Per Share Basic earnings (loss) per common share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders, adjusted for the effect of assumed conversions of convertible notes and preferred stock, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding; inclusive of potentially dilutive common share equivalents, if the effect is dilutive. Potentially dilutive common shares equivalents consist of incremental shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options and warrants and conversion of convertible senior notes and convertible preferred stock. Debt Issuance Costs Costs related to debt issuance are capitalized and amortized as interest expense over the term of the related debt using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method. Upon the repayment of debt, the Company accelerates the recognition of an appropriate amount of the costs as interest expense. Capitalization of Interest Interest costs are capitalized for qualifying in-process software development projects. Capitalization of interest commences when activities to prepare the asset are in progress, and expenditures and borrowing costs are being incurred. Interest costs are capitalized until the assets are ready for their intended use. Capitalized interest is added to the cost of the underlying assets and amortized over the estimated useful lives of the assets. During each of the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, $0.1 million of interest was capitalized. Stock-Based Compensation Stock-based compensation expense for share-based payments, related to stock option and restricted stock awards, is recognized based on their grant-date fair values. The Company recognizes compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. Estimated forfeitures are based on historical experience. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and reported amounts of revenue and expenses. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Significant items subject to estimates and assumptions include application of the percentage-of-completion method of revenue recognition, the carrying amount and useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets, share-based compensation expense, valuation allowances for accounts receivable, inventories, and deferred tax assets, and impairment assessments. Reclassifications Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. The reclassifications did not impact net income. New Accounting Pronouncements Application of New Accounting Standards Effective January 1, 2012, the Company adopted the accounting guidance in Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2011-04, “Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs” and has provided additional disclosures regarding unobservable inputs used for Level 3 measurements as well as transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Implementation of this guidance required additional disclosures related to fair value measurements beginning for interim periods in 2012. Effective January 1, 2012, the Company adopted the accounting guidance in ASU No. 2011-5, “Presentation of Comprehensive Income” and elected to present components of net income and comprehensive income in two separate, but consecutive statements. Implementation of this guidance did not change any of the components of net income or other comprehensive income. The primary result of the adoption of the aforementioned was merely a change in the Company’s financial statement presentation. The new guidance required retrospective application for all periods presented. New Accounting Requirements and Disclosures In July 2012, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU No. 2012-02, “Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment,” which permits a company to perform qualitative assessments regarding the likelihood that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired and subsequently assess the need to perform a quantitative impairment test. This guidance is effective for interim and annual impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2012, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance and does not expect that adoption will have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements. In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-02, "Comprehensive Income: Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income," which provides accounting guidance on the reporting of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income. The guidance requires an entity to present, either on the face of the statement where net income is presented or in the notes, significant amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by the respective line items of net income if the amount is reclassified to net income in its entirety in the same reporting period. For other amounts not required to be reclassified in their entirety to net income in the same reporting period, a cross reference to other disclosures that provide additional detail about the reclassification amounts is required. This guidance is effective January 1, 2013. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance and does not expect that adoption will have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the basis of presentation and significant accounting policies concepts. Basis of presentation describes the underlying basis used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS). Accounting policies describe all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References No definition available. + Details
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