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Basis of Presentation, Principles of Consolidation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation | The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year presentation to conform to current year presentation.
Foreign Currency Remeasurement | The Company’s foreign subsidiaries operate in their local currency and their functional currency is the U.S. dollar. Monetary assets and liabilities of each subsidiary, denominated in local or other foreign currency, are remeasured at the end of each reporting period using the exchange rates at that date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities and equity are remeasured at the historical exchange rates, while results of operations in the local currency or other foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at the date of the transaction.
Use of Estimates | The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. By their nature, estimates are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty and actual results could differ from those estimates. As of the date these consolidated financial statements are issued, the Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require an update to the Company’s estimates or judgments, or change to the carrying value of the Company’s assets or liabilities. However, these estimates and judgments may change as new events occur and additional information is obtained, which may result in changes being recognized in the consolidated financial statements in future periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates and any such differences may have a material impact on the financial statements.
Segments and Geographic Information | The Company operates as a single operating segment. The Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker, the CEO, regularly reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of assessing financial performance and allocating resources.
Revenue Recognition | The Company recognizes revenue when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The Company determines revenue recognition through the following five steps: (1)Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer (2)Identification of all performance obligations in the contract (3)Determination of the transaction price (4)Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract (5)Recognition of revenue when, or as, the performance obligation or obligations are satisfied The Company identifies enforceable revenue contracts when the terms are agreed to by the customer. Some of the Company’s contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations. For these contracts, the Company accounts for performance obligations separately if they are distinct. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. The Company determines the standalone selling prices based on its overall pricing objectives, taking into consideration market conditions and other factors, including the value of its contracts, the products sold, and the number and types of users within the Company’s contracts. Revenue is recognized as performance obligations are satisfied and is presented net of the sales allowance. The Company derives its revenues from the following sources: Subscription Revenue Subscription revenue consists of time-based job posting plans, upsells which complement or expand visibility and prominence to job posting plans, and resume database plans. Plans are priced at a flat rate based on plan size and whether the plan is for a daily, monthly, or annual term. Customer contracts are typically subject to renewal at the end of the subscription term. Contracts are only cancelable at the end of the term and are nonrefundable. Time-based job posting plans: Job posting plans provide customers access to cloud-based software services, where they may create job postings that are posted to the Company’s marketplace in addition to numerous other job sites or partner networks with job seeker communities. Customers may also access the Company’s software to review job applications and manage job postings. The Company recognizes revenue from job posting plans ratably over the term of the agreement beginning on the date the subscription service is made available to the customer. Once a customer requests a cancellation of their subscription, the open job postings are closed at the end of the term; however, the customer may still access the software to review past job postings or prior applications received under a separate upsell subscription. Job posting plans are billed in advance of the subscription period, which typically ranges from one to twelve months, except for daily subscription plans, which are billed in arrears based on how many days the customer uses the services. Upsell services: Additional features to complement or expand visibility to job posting plans may be purchased as an upsell service. For these services, the Company bills the customers in advance and recognizes revenue ratably over the term of the agreement beginning on the date the upsell services are made available to the customer, which typically ranges from one to twelve months. Upsell services also include job posting enhancements which are applied to individual job postings. Such services enhance job postings by providing customers with a temporary boost in the prominence of the job postings, expanding visibility to job postings by inviting strong fit potential candidates to apply to the job, or highlighting key attributes of job postings to make them stand out to job seekers. Individual job posting enhancements may be purchased by a customer when needed, or in recurring monthly prepaid bundles to complement their job posting subscription plan, and are billed in advance of use. Typically these prepaid bundles can be used over a period ranging from one to twelve months. Revenue from job posting enhancements is recognized as the customer uses the enhancement on their job postings. Unused prepaid job posting enhancements are not refundable, and the Company recognizes revenue for the estimated portion of prepaid job posting enhancements that are expected to expire unused, or breakage, based on estimates considering historical breakage levels for upsell services. Breakage is recognized as revenue in proportion to the pattern of actual usage by customers. Resume database plans: Access to the Company’s resume database is purchased on a subscription basis and allows a customer to search for and view resumes. Resume database plans are priced based on how many resumes the customer would like to view in a month and may be purchased independent of, or in addition to, a job posting plan. Resume database plans are billed in advance of the subscription period, which typically ranges from one to twelve months. Revenue is recognized ratably over the subscription period. Performance-based Revenue Performance-based revenue consists of customers who pay on a per click by job applicant or per job application basis for the job postings they wish to distribute through the Company’s software. Customers pay an amount per click or per application that is usually capped at a contractual maximum per recruitment campaign, with campaigns typically lasting from one to three months. Customers on this pricing model do not have access to the Company’s applicant tracking software for subscription customers though they may purchase resume database subscription plans separately. Customers that use performance-based plans are typically companies with consistent hiring needs and sophisticated recruitment campaigns where they manage incoming applications and job postings on their own applicant tracking systems. Performance-based revenue is typically billed monthly, in arrears, and revenue is recognized as job applicants click on or apply to the distributed job postings, up to the contractual maximum per recruitment campaign. Sales Allowance The Company establishes a sales allowance to estimate refunds and credits that it may grant to customers in the future for cancellations of subscriptions and concessions to customers who are not satisfied with services received. While subscriptions are noncancelable once the contract term has commenced, the Company may at times allow customers who miss their cancellation window prior to an autorenewal to cancel their contract, and the Company may issue refunds or credits to maintain overall customer satisfaction. The sales allowance is estimated by considering historical results and trends, and is accounted for as a reduction to revenue or deferred revenue for contracts where payments are received upfront and revenue is recognized over time. ASC 606 requires the deferral of the recognition of incremental costs to obtain a contract, which the Company has identified as certain of its sales commissions paid to internal sales representatives for the sale of the Company’s services. The Company amortizes deferred commissions over the expected period of benefit unless the amortization period is less than one year, in which case, the Company has elected to apply the practical expedient to expense those costs as incurred. The estimated period of benefit includes anticipated customer renewals. If the Company pays commissions on contract renewals that are commensurate with the initial commission, the amortization period is the initial contract term. If the renewal commission is not commensurate with the initial commission, commissions are deferred and subsequently amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected customer life, which has been estimated to be three years based on an analysis of historical data and other qualitative factors, such as new product offerings, the seasonality of certain customer relationships and estimated useful life of the Company’s marketplace technology. Amortization expense is included within sales and marketing expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Cost of Revenue | Cost of revenue consists of web hosting, credit card processing fees, personnel-related costs (including salaries, bonuses, benefits and stock-based compensation) for customer support employees, partner revenue share amounts, job distribution costs from performance-based revenue, and amortization of capitalized software costs associated with the Company’s marketplace technology to provide services to its customers. In addition, the Company allocates a portion of overhead costs, such as rent, IT costs, supplies and depreciation and amortization, to cost of revenue based on headcount.
Sales and Marketing | Sales and marketing expense consists of personnel-related costs (including salaries, sales commissions, bonuses, benefits, and stock-based compensation) for the Company’s sales and marketing employees, marketing activities, and related allocated overhead costs. Marketing activities include advertising, online lead generation, customer and industry events and candidate acquisition. The Company allocates a portion of overhead costs, such as rent, IT costs, supplies, and depreciation and amortization, to sales and marketing expense based on headcount. Sales and marketing costs are expensed as incurred.
Advertising Cost | Advertising costs principally represent online advertising costs, direct mailing, television, podcast and radio advertisements.
Research and Development | Research and development expense consists of personnel-related costs (including salaries, bonuses, benefits and stock-based compensation) for the Company’s research and development employees, amortization of capitalized software costs associated with the development of internal databases, candidate insights, and reporting that support the Company’s marketplace technology and the cost of certain third-party service providers. The Company allocates a portion of overhead costs, such as rent, IT costs, supplies, and depreciation and amortization, to research and development expense based on headcount. Research and development costs, other than software development costs qualifying for capitalization, are expensed as incurred.
General and Administrative | General and administrative expense consists of personnel-related costs (including salaries, bonuses, benefits and stock-based compensation) for employees in the Company’s executive, finance, human resource and administrative departments, and fees for third-party professional services, including consulting, legal and accounting services. General and administrative expense also consists of costs as part of the Company’s transition to a publicly traded company and includes fees paid to its financial advisors in connection with its Direct Listing. In addition, the Company allocates a portion of overhead costs, such as rent, IT costs, supplies, and depreciation and amortization, to general and administrative expense based on headcount.
Stock-based Compensation | Compensation expense related to stock-based awards is measured and recognized in the financial statements based on the fair value of the awards granted. The Company estimates the fair value of employee stock-based compensation awards on the grant date and recognizes forfeitures as they occur. The Company has elected to treat stock-based compensation awards with graded vesting schedules and only time-based service conditions as a single award and recognizes stock-based compensation on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. For awards that contain both market or performance conditions and service conditions, the grant date fair value is recognized as stock-based compensation expense using a graded vesting attribution model. No expense is recognized for awards with performance conditions until the performance condition is probable of being met. The Company estimates the fair value of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) based on the fair value of its common stock. The Company estimates the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes option pricing model requires the Company to make certain assumptions including the fair value of the underlying common stock, the expected term, the expected volatility, the risk-free interest rate and the dividend yield. Prior to the completion of the Company’s Direct Listing on May 26, 2021, a public market did not exist for the Company’s common stock, and therefore, the board of directors determined the fair value of the common stock at the time of the grant by considering a number of objective and subjective factors including valuation of comparable companies, operating and financial performance and general and industry-specific economic outlooks, amongst other factors. The fair value was determined in accordance with applicable elements of the practice aid issued by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants titled, Valuation of Privately Held Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation. Subsequent to the completion of the Company’s Direct Listing, the fair value of the common stock is determined based on the NYSE closing price on the date prior to the date of grant. Given that the Company does not have sufficient exercise history to develop reasonable expectations about future exercise patterns and post-vesting employment termination behavior, the Company determines the expected term for its “plain vanilla” stock options using the simplified method, which is calculated as the midpoint of the stock option vesting term and the expiration date of the stock option. The Company did not grant any new options or modify any existing options during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. For its stock options that were granted during the year ended December 31, 2021 and prior, because the Company’s common stock had limited trading history, the Company estimated the expected volatility of the awards from the historical volatility of selected public companies that represented similar but alternative investment opportunities to an investment in the Company. Characteristics considered in identifying guideline public companies included similarity in size, lines of business, market capitalization, revenue and financial leverage. The Company determined the expected volatility assumption using the frequency of daily historical prices of comparable public company common stock for a period equal to the expected term of the option. The Company assessed the comparable companies and other relevant factors used to measure expected volatility for stock option grants on an as-needed basis. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon observed interest rates on the United States government securities appropriate for the expected term of the Company’s employee stock options. The dividend yield assumption is based on the Company’s history and expectation of dividend payouts. The Company has never declared nor paid any cash dividends on its common stock, and the Company does not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Stock-based Compensation for Awards with a Market Condition In April 2021, the Company granted an RSU award to Ian Siegel, the Company’s CEO (the “CEO Performance Award”), which included service, market, and performance-based vesting conditions. The fair value of the award is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The associated stock-based compensation expense is recorded over the requisite service period, using a graded attribution method. The requisite service period is the longer of the service period derived from the Monte Carlo simulation model and the explicit service period the CEO is required to remain employed to vest in the award. The market condition is satisfied upon achieving certain stock price targets for a period following the completion of the Company’s Direct Listing. The CEO Performance Award also contains an implied performance-based vesting condition as the CEO’s ability to earn the award was contingent upon the completion of the Direct Listing. Accordingly, no expense was recognized prior to the completion of the Company’s Direct Listing on May 26, 2021, as vesting was not considered probable for accounting purposes until the Direct Listing occurred. Provided that Ian Siegel continues to be the CEO of the Company, stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period, regardless of whether the stock price targets are achieved. If the stock price targets are met sooner than the derived service period, the Company will accelerate the recognition of stock-based compensation expense to reflect the cumulative expense associated with the vested shares. In December 2023, the Company entered into a Cancellation of Restricted Stock Unit letter agreement (the “Cancellation Agreement”) with the CEO, which provided for the cancellation of the 1.4 million market-based RSUs included in the CEO Performance Award. The cancellation resulted in an acceleration of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense from future periods into the fourth quarter of 2023, and was recorded in general and administrative expenses within the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations. For more information on the Cancellation Agreement, please see Note 15. Stock-based Compensation Under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan In August 2021, the Company launched an employee stock purchase plan (the “ESPP”). The ESPP allows eligible employees the option to purchase shares of the Company's Class A common stock at a 15% discount through payroll deductions of their eligible compensation, subject to certain plan limitations. The ESPP provides for concurrent six-month offering and purchase periods beginning February and August of each year. On each purchase date, eligible employees purchase the Company’s Class A common stock at a price per share equal to 85% of the lesser of the fair value of the Company’s Class A common stock on (i) the offering date or (ii) the purchase date. The offering date is the first day of any concurrent offering and purchase period, and the purchase date is the last day of such a period. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense related to shares issued pursuant to its ESPP on a straight-line basis over the offering period. Net Share Settlement In October 2021, the Company’s board of directors approved a “net share settlement” approach for satisfaction of tax withholding obligations in connection with settlement of taxes for RSUs, and exercises of non-qualified stock options, at the Company’s discretion. As a result, the Company currently withholds shares upon vesting of RSUs, and the withheld shares are immediately canceled. The Company has presented “Shares withheld related to net share settlement” in its Consolidated Statements of Changes in Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) as a reduction, separate from the total number of shares issued upon vesting and settlement. The Company has not withheld any shares as part of any option exercises. Upon payment of the withholding taxes to the appropriate taxing jurisdiction, the Company reflects the cash payment as a financing outflow in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Income Taxes | The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740, Income Taxes. Current tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the estimated taxes payable or refundable, respectively, on the tax returns for the current year. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The Company must also make judgments in evaluating whether deferred tax assets will be realized from future taxable income. To the extent that it believes that realizability is not likely, the Company establishes or maintains a valuation allowance. A valuation allowance is established for deferred tax assets which the Company does not believe meet the “more likely than not” threshold for realizability. The Company’s judgments regarding future taxable income may change over time due to market conditions, tax laws, tax planning strategies or other factors. If the Company’s assumptions and estimates change in the future, the valuation allowance may materially increase or decrease, resulting in an increase or decrease in income tax expense and the related impact on the Company’s reported net income or loss. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the consolidated financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized. The Company recognizes interest and penalties accrued with respect to uncertain tax positions, if any, in income tax expense (benefit) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Investments | The Company maintains an investment portfolio of highly rated debt securities and money market mutual funds to manage its excess cash reserves. The Company’s primary objectives in investing its excess cash reserves are to preserve capital, provide sufficient liquidity to satisfy both operational cash flow requirements and potential strategic investment opportunities, and to obtain a reasonable or market rate of return on investments. The Company’s investments are all highly liquid and available for use in current operations, including those with maturity dates beyond one year, and therefore the Company classifies these securities within current assets in its Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company considers its highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Investments not considered cash equivalents are classified as marketable securities in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company classifies and accounts for its money market mutual funds which have readily determinable fair values as equity securities, and it carries such securities at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported in other income (expense), net in its Consolidated Statement of Operations. The Company classifies and accounts for its debt securities as available-for-sale, and it carries such securities at fair value with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported net of tax as a separate component of stockholders’ equity in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until the security is sold or matures. During the year ended December 31, 2023, in connection with its available-for-sale debt securities, the Company recorded pretax unrealized gains in other comprehensive income (loss) of $0.4 million with no associated tax expense. During the year ended December 31, 2022, in connection with its available-for-sale debt securities, the Company recorded pretax unrealized losses in other comprehensive income (loss) of $0.4 million with no associated tax benefit. The Company held no investments in available-for-sale debt securities during the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company determines any realized gains and losses on the sale of its available-for-sale debt securities using a specific identification method, and it records such gains and losses through other income (expense), net in its Consolidated Statement of Operations. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company did not have any sales of its available-for-sale debt securities and consequently, did not reclassify any amounts out of beginning accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recorded $0.9 million in proceeds related to sales of its available-for-sale debt securities. Because the Company first purchased these investments during the year ended December 31, 2022, it did not reclassify any net amounts out of beginning accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statement of Operations during the year ended December 31, 2022. If an available-for-sale debt security’s fair value declines below its amortized cost basis, the Company evaluates whether it intends to sell the security, or whether it more likely than not will be required to sell the security before the recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either condition is met, the Company records an impairment loss on the security through other income (expense), net in its Consolidated Statement of Operations. If neither condition is met, the Company evaluates whether the decline is the result of credit-related factors, in which case the Company records the credit-related portion of the impairment loss through other income (expense), net in its Consolidated Statement of Operations, and records the non-credit-related portion of the impairment loss, net of tax, through other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
Concentration of Credit Risk | Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities, and accounts receivable. The Company maintains its cash accounts with large financial institutions and at times, the cash accounts may exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. As of December 31, 2023, the Company maintains its cash accounts with several large financial institutions which the Company believes are financially sound. Accordingly, the Company believes minimal credit risk exists with respect to these cash balances. The Company invests only in highly rated debt and equity securities. The Company believes the financial institutions that hold its investments are financially sound, and accordingly, are subject to minimal credit risk. One customer accounted for 10% and 12% of the Company's outstanding accounts receivable as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company closely monitors the financial condition of the foregoing customer, which has been in good credit standing. No other customer individually accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s outstanding accounts receivable as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. As such, the Company does not consider the concentration of its accounts receivable to be a material risk. There were no customers that individually represented 10% or more of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021. The Company uses third parties to collect its credit card receivables and believes risk related to its credit card processing merchants is minimal.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | The Company receives payments via credit card, electronic payment or check. The Company’s accounts receivable consists of receivables from the Company’s credit card processing merchants and customers. Credit card payment is required unless the plan qualifies for credit terms which the Company may grant in the normal course of business. The Company does not normally require collateral or other security to support credit sales. Accounts receivable from customers do not bear interest, are typically due within 30 days and are recorded at the invoiced amount. The Company reduces accounts receivable by its allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company regularly monitors collections and payments from customers and maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of customers to make required payments. Prior to the Company’s adoption of ASC 326, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses, during the year ended December 31, 2022, management estimated its allowance for doubtful accounts by considering factors such as historical credit loss experience and current conditions, such as the length of time accounts receivables are past due, customer payment histories, and any specific customer collection issues identified. Subsequent to the Company’s adoption of Topic 326, management has expanded its approach and estimates its allowance for doubtful accounts by considering the above factors, current market conditions which may affect customer financial condition, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future credit losses. The Company writes off accounts receivables that have become uncollectible.
Property and Equipment | Property and equipment is initially recorded at cost, and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which is generally three years for computer hardware and software and five years for furniture and equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life. Costs of maintenance and repairs that do not improve or extend the lives of the respective assets are expensed as incurred. Upon retirement or sale, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the resulting gain or loss is reflected in general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Leases | The Company determines at contract inception whether the arrangement is a lease based on its ability to control a physically distinct asset and determines the classification of the lease as either operating or finance. For all leases, the Company combines all components of the lease including related non-lease components as a single component. Operating leases are reflected as operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and operating lease liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company has also elected to utilize the short-term lease recognition exemption and, for those leases that qualify, the Company has not recognized operating lease ROU assets or operating lease liabilities. The Company does not have any finance leases. Operating lease ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and operating lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company estimates the incremental borrowing rate to reflect the profile of collateralized borrowing over the expected term of the leases based on the information available at the later of the initial date of adoption of ASC 842, Leases, on January 1, 2019, or the lease commencement date. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made prior to lease commencement date and is reduced by lease incentives that the Company estimates it will realize. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when the Company is reasonably certain that it will exercise the option. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Certain lease agreements may contain variable costs such as utilities and common area maintenance. Variable lease costs are expensed when the cost is incurred. The Company computes rental income from subleasing certain of its office facilities on a straight-line basis over the sublease term in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The difference between rental income and rental payments over the lease term is recorded as an unbilled rent receivable, which is included in prepaid expenses and other assets on the consolidated balance sheet.
Internal-Use Software | The Company capitalizes eligible costs associated with the development of its internal-use software in accordance with ASC 350-40, Internal-Use Software. Accordingly, the Company capitalizes costs incurred during the development phase including: (1) external direct costs of materials and services consumed in developing or obtaining the software, and (2) payroll and payroll-related costs for employees who are directly associated with the project. The Company expenses all costs as incurred that relate to the planning and post implementation phases of its software development cycle and costs associated with minor enhancements and maintenance. Capitalized costs are amortized using the straight-line method over three years. Amortization of internal-use software costs associated with the Company’s marketplace technology to provide services to its customers is recorded in cost of revenue. Amortization of internal-use software costs associated with internal databases, candidate insights, and reporting are recorded in research and development and general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Amortization of these costs is allocated in the Consolidated Statements of Operations based on the nature of the underlying projects.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets | The Company periodically evaluates whether events and circumstances have occurred that indicate the remaining estimated useful life of long-lived assets may warrant revision or that the remaining balance of long-lived assets may not be recoverable in accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant and Equipment, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. In determining whether an asset is impaired, assets are grouped at the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets. When factors indicate that long-lived assets should be evaluated for possible impairment, the Company uses an estimate of the related undiscounted future cash flows over the remaining life of the long-lived assets in measuring whether they are recoverable. If the estimated undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset, a loss is recorded as the excess of the asset’s carrying value over its fair value.
Goodwill | Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. The Company tests for impairment at least annually, in the fourth quarter, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. The Company currently has one reporting unit. In testing for goodwill impairment, the Company has an option to first make an assessment of qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, it is determined that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then additional impairment testing is not required. However, if concluded otherwise, the quantitative impairment test is performed. The quantitative test compares the estimated fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is considered not to be impaired. However, if the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, then an impairment charge is recorded in an amount equal to the excess but limited to the total amount of goodwill.
Share Repurchase Program | All shares repurchased under the Company’s share repurchase program are purchased for immediate retirement. Repurchased shares reduce the Company’s outstanding shares and its weighted average number of common shares outstanding for purposes of calculating basic and diluted earnings per share. All excess of repurchase price over par value for shares repurchased is allocated to retained earnings to the extent the Company has retained earnings. If the Company has an accumulated deficit, all excess of repurchase price over par value for shares repurchased is allocated first to additional paid-in capital, to the extent the Company has additional paid-in capital, until depleted, and then to accumulated deficit in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Changes in Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Deficit).
Recent Accounting Pronouncements | Becoming a Large Accelerated Filer Prior to December 31, 2022, the Company qualified as an emerging growth company (“EGC”) and was allowed by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act to delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are required to be adopted by private companies. The Company elected to use the adoption dates applicable to private companies. As a result, prior to becoming an accelerated filer, the Company’s financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of issuers who are required to comply with the effective date for new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies. The Company became a large accelerated filer and no longer qualifies as an EGC at the conclusion of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. The adoption dates discussed below for recently adopted accounting pronouncements reflect the updated transition periods required as a result of becoming a large accelerated filer as of December 31, 2022. For all new or revised accounting pronouncements after December 31, 2022, the Company will be required to adopt in accordance with public company timelines. Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands disclosure requirements about a public entity’s reportable segments and significant segment expenses. This update also expands the interim segment disclosure requirements. Public entities that have a single reportable segment will be required to provide on both an interim and annual basis all the disclosures required by ASC 280, including those added by the amendments in ASU 2023-07. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the effects of the adoption of this update on its consolidated financial statements. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which intends to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures, primarily through expanding disclosures in an entity’s income tax rate reconciliation table and regarding cash taxes paid both in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. The update will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effects of the adoption of this update on its consolidated financial statements. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, which reduces the number of accounting models for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock, and which removes certain conditions that should be considered in the derivative scope exception evaluation under Subtopic 815-40. The Company early adopted ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2022 and applied the changes using a modified retrospective approach. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which replaces the existing model for measuring the allowance for credit losses for financial assets measured at amortized cost (including accounts receivable) to a model that is based on the expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under the new credit loss model, lifetime expected credit losses on such financial assets are measured and recognized at each reporting date based on historical, current, and forecasted information. Subsequent to ASU 2016-13, the FASB issued various ASUs to provide supplemental guidance and clarification to ASU 2016-13 which must be adopted concurrently with the adoption of ASU 2016-13. These ASUs are cumulatively referred to as “Topic 326.” The Company adopted Topic 326 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and applied the changes using a modified retrospective approach. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which enhances and simplifies various aspects of income tax accounting guidance. The Company adopted ASU 2019-12 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and applied the changes using a modified retrospective approach. The adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Net Income Per Share | Basic and diluted net income per share are computed using the two-class method as required when there are participating securities and multiple classes of common stock. Basic net income per share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares and the effect of potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period. Prior to May 14, 2021, when the Company’s Series A preferred stock and Series B preferred stock converted into shares of Class B common stock, the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock were participating securities as the holders of the redeemable convertible preferred stock were entitled to participate in dividends with common stock. In periods of net income, net income after deducting the accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock was attributed to common stockholders and participating securities based on their participation rights. Net losses after deducting the accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock are not allocated to the participating securities as the participating securities do not have a contractual obligation to share in any losses. In April 2021, the Company filed its amended and restated certificate of incorporation, which resulted in the creation of Class A common stock and Class B common stock. As the liquidation and dividend rights are identical for Class A and Class B common stock (see Note 13), the undistributed earnings under the two-class method are allocated on a proportional basis and the resulting net income per share attributable to common stockholders is, therefore, the same for both Class A and Class B common stock on an individual or combined basis.

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