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Securities
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Securities Securities
The amortized cost and fair value of securities available-for-sale and the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income were as follows:
 As of March 31, 2023
Amortized CostGross
Unrealized Gains
Gross
Unrealized Losses
Fair Value
 (In Thousands)
Available-for-sale:
U.S. treasuries$4,979 $— $(454)4,525 
U.S. government agency securities - government-sponsored enterprises21,342 63 (478)20,927 
Municipal securities44,985 167 (4,747)40,405 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government issued28,634 (2,136)26,504 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises125,333 84 (11,346)114,071 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities - government issued3,397 — (486)2,911 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises32,284 — (4,638)27,646 
 $260,954 $320 $(24,285)$236,989 
 As of December 31, 2022
Amortized CostGross
Unrealized Gains
Gross
Unrealized Losses
Fair Value
 (In Thousands)
Available-for-sale:
U.S. treasuries$4,977 $— $(532)$4,445 
U.S. government agency securities - government-sponsored enterprises
13,666 70 (531)13,205 
Municipal securities45,088 90 (5,867)39,311 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government issued21,790 — (2,359)19,431 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises
119,265 — (12,942)106,323 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities - government issued3,450 — (518)2,932 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises31,515 — (5,138)26,377 
 $239,751 $160 $(27,887)$212,024 
The amortized cost and fair value of securities held-to-maturity and the corresponding amounts of gross unrecognized gains and losses were as follows:
 As of March 31, 2023
Amortized CostGross
Unrecognized Gains
Gross
Unrecognized Losses
Fair Value
 (In Thousands)
Held-to-maturity:
Municipal securities$6,597 $14 $(32)$6,579 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government issued1,520 — (88)1,432 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises
1,338 — (68)1,270 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises2,006 — (80)1,926 
 $11,461 $14 $(268)$11,207 
 As of December 31, 2022
Amortized CostGross
Unrecognized Gains
Gross
Unrecognized Losses
Fair Value
 (In Thousands)
Held-to-maturity:
Municipal securities$7,467 $$(70)$7,404 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government issued1,625 — (107)1,518 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises
1,537 — (93)1,444 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises
2,006 — (102)1,904 
 $12,635 $$(372)$12,270 

U.S. Treasuries contain treasury bonds issued by the United States Treasury. U.S. government agency securities - government-sponsored enterprises represent securities issued by Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) and the SBA. Municipal securities include securities issued by various municipalities located primarily within Wisconsin and are primarily general obligation bonds that are tax-exempt in nature. Residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities - government issued represent securities guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association. Residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises include securities guaranteed by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, FNMA, and the FHLB. Other securities represent certificates of deposit of insured banks and savings institutions with an original maturity greater than three months. There were no sales of available-for-sale securities that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, securities with a fair value of $47.7 million and $35.9 million, respectively, were pledged to secure various obligations, including interest rate swap contracts and municipal deposits.
The amortized cost and fair value of securities by contractual maturity at March 31, 2023 are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers have the right to call or prepay certain obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
Available-for-SaleHeld-to-Maturity
 Amortized CostFair ValueAmortized CostFair Value
(In Thousands)
Due in one year or less$4,499 $4,490 $2,230 $2,225 
Due in one year through five years16,383 15,386 3,451 3,425 
Due in five through ten years16,426 15,320 916 929 
Due in over ten years33,998 30,661 — — 
71,306 65,857 6,597 6,579 
Residential mortgage-backed securities153,967 140,576 2,858 2,702 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities35,681 30,556 2,006 1,926 
 $260,954 $236,989 $11,461 $11,207 

The tables below show the Corporation’s gross unrealized losses and fair value of available-for-sale investments aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual investments were in a continuous loss position at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. At March 31, 2023, the Corporation held 177 available-for-sale securities that were in an unrealized loss position. At March 31, 2023, the Corporation held 147 available-for-sale securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or greater.

The Corporation also has not specifically identified available-for-sale securities in a loss position that it intends to sell in the near term and does not believe that it will be required to sell any such securities. The Corporation reviews its securities on a quarterly basis to assess declines in fair value for credit losses. Consideration is given to such factors as the credit rating of the borrower, market conditions such as current interest rates, any adverse conditions specific to the security, and delinquency status on contractual payments. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, management concluded that in all instances securities with fair value less than carrying value was due to market and other factors; thus, no credit loss provision was required.
A summary of unrealized loss information for securities available-for-sale, categorized by security type and length of time for which the security has been in a continuous unrealized loss position, follows:
 As of March 31, 2023
 Less than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
Fair ValueUnrealized
Losses
Fair ValueUnrealized
Losses
Fair ValueUnrealized
Losses
 (In Thousands)
Available-for-sale:
U.S. treasuries$— $— $4,525 $454 $4,525 $454 
U.S. government agency securities - government-sponsored enterprises
5,989 11 3,033 467 9,022 478 
Municipal securities
1,377 16 36,302 4,731 37,679 4,747 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government issued
7,951 330 11,746 1,806 19,697 2,136 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises
24,051 681 76,466 10,664 100,517 11,345 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities - government issued
— — 2,910 486 2,910 486 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises
905 15 26,741 4,623 27,646 4,638 
 $40,273 $1,053 $161,723 $23,231 $201,996 $24,284 
 As of December 31, 2022
 Less than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
Fair ValueUnrealized
Losses
Fair ValueUnrealized
Losses
Fair ValueUnrealized
Losses
 (In Thousands)
Available-for-sale:
U.S. treasuries$— $— $4,446 $532 $4,446 $532 
U.S. government agency securities - government-sponsored enterprises
— — 2,969 531 2,969 531 
Municipal securities
26,759 3,132 10,133 2,735 36,892 5,867 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government issued
9,624 436 9,807 1,923 19,431 2,359 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises
71,474 6,433 34,849 6,509 106,323 12,942 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities - government issued
1,236 112 1,696 406 2,932 518 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises
7,758 984 18,619 4,154 26,377 5,138 
 $116,851 $11,097 $82,519 $16,790 $199,370 $27,887 

The tables below show the Corporation’s gross unrealized losses and fair value of held-to-maturity investments, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual investments were in a continuous loss position at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. At March 31, 2023, the Corporation held 32 held-to-maturity securities that were in an unrealized loss position. Management assesses HTM securities for credit losses on a quarterly basis. The assessment includes review of credit ratings, identification of delinquency and evaluation of market factors. Based on this analysis, management concludes the
decline in fair value is due to market factors. Accordingly, no credit loss provision was recorded in the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

A summary of unrecognized loss information for securities held-to-maturity, categorized by security type and length of time for which the security has been in a continuous unrealized loss position, follows:
 As of March 31, 2023
 Less than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
Fair ValueUnrecognized
Losses
Fair ValueUnrecognized
Losses
Fair ValueUnrecognized
Losses
 (In Thousands)
Held-to-maturity:
Municipal securities
$3,701 $17 $335 $15 $4,036 $32 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government issued
— — 1,432 88 1,432 88 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises
226 14 1,044 54 1,270 68 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises1,926 80 — — 1,926 80 
 $5,853 $111 $2,811 $157 $8,664 $268 
 As of December 31, 2022
 Less than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
Fair ValueUnrecognized
Losses
Fair ValueUnrecognized
Losses
Fair ValueUnrecognized
Losses
 (In Thousands)
Held-to-maturity:
Municipal securities
$6,035 $52 $267 $18 $6,302 $70 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government issued
1,518 107 — — 1,518 107 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises
1,444 93 — — 1,444 93 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises1,904 102 — — 1,904 102 
 $10,901 $354 $267 $18 $11,168 $372 

On January 1, 2023, the Corporation adopted ASU 2016-13, which replaced the legacy GAAP other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) model with a credit loss model. ASU 2016-13 requires an allowance on lifetime expected credit losses on held to maturity debt securities. As of January 1, 2023 and March 31, 2023, the Corporation estimated the expected credit losses to be immaterial based on the composition of the securities portfolio.

The credit loss model under ASU 2016-13, applicable to AFS debt securities, requires the recognition of credit losses through an allowance account, but retains the concept from the OTTI model that credit losses are recognized once securities become
impaired. See Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to the consolidated financial statement included in this
Form 10-Q, for a discussion of the impact of the adoption of ASU 2016-13.