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Securities
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Securities Securities
The amortized cost and fair value of securities available-for-sale and the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income were as follows:
 As of September 30, 2023
Amortized CostGross
Unrealized Gains
Gross
Unrealized Losses
Fair Value
 (In Thousands)
Available-for-sale:
U.S. treasuries$14,075 $— $(534)13,541 
U.S. government agency securities - government-sponsored enterprises28,568 40 (669)27,939 
Municipal securities40,510 — (7,470)33,040 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government issued59,274 — (3,514)55,760 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises128,609 — (15,626)112,983 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities - government issued3,272 — (595)2,677 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises31,983 — (5,760)26,223 
 $306,291 $40 $(34,168)$272,163 
 As of December 31, 2022
Amortized CostGross
Unrealized Gains
Gross
Unrealized Losses
Fair Value
 (In Thousands)
Available-for-sale:
U.S. treasuries$4,977 $— $(532)$4,445 
U.S. government agency securities - government-sponsored enterprises
13,666 70 (531)13,205 
Municipal securities45,088 90 (5,867)39,311 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government issued21,790 — (2,359)19,431 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises
119,265 — (12,942)106,323 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities - government issued3,450 — (518)2,932 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises31,515 — (5,138)26,377 
 $239,751 $160 $(27,887)$212,024 
The amortized cost and fair value of securities held-to-maturity and the corresponding amounts of gross unrecognized gains and losses were as follows:
 As of September 30, 2023
Amortized CostGross
Unrecognized Gains
Gross
Unrecognized Losses
Fair Value
 (In Thousands)
Held-to-maturity:
Municipal securities$4,213 $— $(140)$4,073 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government issued1,312 — (99)1,213 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises
1,159 — (82)1,077 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises2,005 — (155)1,850 
 $8,689 $— $(476)$8,213 
 As of December 31, 2022
Amortized CostGross
Unrecognized Gains
Gross
Unrecognized Losses
Fair Value
 (In Thousands)
Held-to-maturity:
Municipal securities$7,467 $$(70)$7,404 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government issued1,625 — (107)1,518 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises
1,537 — (93)1,444 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises
2,006 — (102)1,904 
 $12,635 $$(372)$12,270 

U.S. Treasuries contain treasury bonds issued by the United States Treasury. U.S. government agency securities - government-sponsored enterprises represent securities issued by Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) and the SBA. Municipal securities include securities issued by various municipalities located primarily within Wisconsin and are primarily general obligation bonds that are tax-exempt in nature. Residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities - government issued represent securities guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association. Residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises include securities guaranteed by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, FNMA, and the FHLB. The Corporation sold no available-for-sale securities during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 16 available-for-sale securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. There were no sales of available-for-sale securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.

At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, securities with a fair value of $43.3 million and $35.9 million, respectively, were pledged to secure various obligations, including interest rate swap contracts and municipal deposits.
The amortized cost and fair value of securities by contractual maturity at September 30, 2023 are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers have the right to call or prepay certain obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
Available-for-SaleHeld-to-Maturity
 Amortized CostFair ValueAmortized CostFair Value
(In Thousands)
Due in one year or less$20,496 $20,439 $1,060 $1,048 
Due in one year through five years17,471 16,103 3,153 3,025 
Due in five through ten years15,325 13,381 — — 
Due in over ten years29,861 24,597 — — 
83,153 74,520 4,213 4,073 
Residential mortgage-backed securities187,883 168,743 2,471 2,290 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities35,255 28,900 2,005 1,850 
 $306,291 $272,163 $8,689 $8,213 

The tables below show the Corporation’s gross unrealized losses and fair value of available-for-sale investments aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual investments were in a continuous loss position at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. At September 30, 2023, the Corporation held 183 available-for-sale securities that were in an unrealized loss position, 153 of which have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or greater.

The Corporation also has not specifically identified available-for-sale securities in a loss position that it intends to sell in the near term and does not believe that it will be required to sell any such securities. The Corporation reviews its securities on a quarterly basis to assess declines in fair value for credit losses. Consideration is given to such factors as the credit rating of the borrower, market conditions such as current interest rates, any adverse conditions specific to the security, and delinquency status on contractual payments. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, management concluded that in all instances securities with fair value less than carrying value was due to market and other factors; thus, no credit loss provision was required.
A summary of unrealized loss information for securities available-for-sale, categorized by security type and length of time for which the security has been in a continuous unrealized loss position, follows:
 As of September 30, 2023
 Less than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
Fair ValueUnrealized
Losses
Fair ValueUnrealized
Losses
Fair ValueUnrealized
Losses
 (In Thousands)
Available-for-sale:
U.S. treasuries$9,079 $14 $4,462 $520 $13,541 $534 
U.S. government agency securities - government-sponsored enterprises
16,295 107 2,938 562 19,233 669 
Municipal securities
— — 33,040 7,470 33,040 7,470 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government issued
29,423 907 13,828 2,607 43,251 3,514 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises
36,314 1,308 76,669 14,318 112,983 15,626 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities - government issued
— — 2,677 595 2,677 595 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises
874 42 25,349 5,718 26,223 5,760 
 $91,985 $2,378 $158,963 $31,790 $250,948 $34,168 
 As of December 31, 2022
 Less than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
Fair ValueUnrealized
Losses
Fair ValueUnrealized
Losses
Fair ValueUnrealized
Losses
 (In Thousands)
Available-for-sale:
U.S. treasuries$— $— $4,446 $532 $4,446 $532 
U.S. government agency securities - government-sponsored enterprises
— — 2,969 531 2,969 531 
Municipal securities
26,759 3,132 10,133 2,735 36,892 5,867 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government issued
9,624 436 9,807 1,923 19,431 2,359 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises
71,474 6,433 34,849 6,509 106,323 12,942 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities - government issued
1,236 112 1,696 406 2,932 518 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises
7,758 984 18,619 4,154 26,377 5,138 
 $116,851 $11,097 $82,519 $16,790 $199,370 $27,887 

The tables below show the Corporation’s gross unrealized losses and fair value of held-to-maturity investments, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual investments were in a continuous loss position at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. At September 30, 2023, the Corporation held 30 held-to-maturity securities that were in an unrealized loss position, 24 of which have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or greater. Management assesses held-to-maturity securities for credit losses on a quarterly basis. The assessment includes review of credit ratings,
identification of delinquency and evaluation of market factors. Based on this analysis, management concludes the decline in fair value is due to market factors, specifically changes in interest rates. Accordingly, no credit loss provision was recorded in the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

A summary of unrecognized loss information for securities held-to-maturity, categorized by security type and length of time for which the security has been in a continuous unrealized loss position, follows:
 As of September 30, 2023
 Less than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
Fair ValueUnrecognized
Losses
Fair ValueUnrecognized
Losses
Fair ValueUnrecognized
Losses
 (In Thousands)
Held-to-maturity:
Municipal securities
$1,896 $46 $2,177 $94 $4,073 $140 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government issued
— — 1,213 99 1,213 99 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises
— — 1,077 82 1,077 82 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises— — 1,850 155 1,850 155 
 $1,896 $46 $6,317 $430 $8,213 $476 
 As of December 31, 2022
 Less than 12 Months12 Months or LongerTotal
Fair ValueUnrecognized
Losses
Fair ValueUnrecognized
Losses
Fair ValueUnrecognized
Losses
 (In Thousands)
Held-to-maturity:
Municipal securities
$6,035 $52 $267 $18 $6,302 $70 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government issued
1,518 107 — — 1,518 107 
Residential mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises
1,444 93 — — 1,444 93 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities - government-sponsored enterprises1,904 102 — — 1,904 102 
 $10,901 $354 $267 $18 $11,168 $372 
On January 1, 2023, the Corporation adopted ASU 2016-13, which replaced the legacy GAAP other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) model with a credit loss model. ASU 2016-13 requires an allowance on lifetime expected credit losses on held to maturity debt securities. As of January 1, 2023 and September 30, 2023, the Corporation estimated the expected credit losses to be immaterial based on the composition of the securities portfolio.