<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-25-121568.txt : 20251216
<SEC-HEADER>0001104659-25-121568.hdr.sgml : 20251216
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20251216160555
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-25-121568
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	S-3
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		15
FILED AS OF DATE:		20251216
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20251216

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			HUDSON TECHNOLOGIES INC /NY
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000925528
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	WHOLESALE-MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES [5080]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	07 Trade & Services
		EIN:				133641539
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			NY
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		S-3
		SEC ACT:		1933 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	333-292167
		FILM NUMBER:		251575232

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		PO BOX 1541
		STREET 2:		ONE BLUE HILL PLAZA, 14TH FLOOR
		CITY:			PEARL RIVER
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			10965
		BUSINESS PHONE:		8457356000

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		PO BOX 1541
		STREET 2:		ONE BLUE HILL PLAZA, 14TH FLOOR
		CITY:			PEARL RIVER
		STATE:			NY
		ZIP:			10965

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	REFRIGERANT RECLAMATION INDUSTRIES INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19940617
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>S-3
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<DESCRIPTION>S-3
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    <title>tm2532784-1_s3 - none - 4.2500338s</title>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December&#160;16, 2025</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.18pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:0.8pt; text-align:right; width:541.31pt; line-height:9.5pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Registration No. 333-&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;</font>&#8203;</div>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.32pt;">UNITED STATES </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.32pt;">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION </font>
          <br >
          <font style="font-size:9pt;letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">WASHINGTON, DC 20549</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.32pt;"> </font>
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          <div style="margin-left: 40.024%; margin-right: 40.024%; margin-top: 7.3pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.32pt;">FORM S-3</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.32pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:3pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:9.5pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.18pt;"> </font>
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          <div style="margin-left: 40.024%; margin-right: 40.024%; margin-top: 5.3pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
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        <div style="margin-top:5.5pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:16.5pt;font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.32pt;">HUDSON TECHNOLOGIES, INC.</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.32pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:0.8pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:8.5pt;font-size:8pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) </font>
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          <tr style="line-height:10.8pt;white-space:normal;text-align:center;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:264.66pt;">
              <div style="text-align:center;font-weight:bold;font-size:9pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">New York</font>
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              <div style="margin-top:1.81pt; text-align:center; line-height:9pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">(State or other jurisdiction</font>
                <br >
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">of incorporation or organization)</font>
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            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
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              <div style="text-align:center;font-weight:bold;font-size:9pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">13-3641539</font>
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              <div style="margin-top:1.81pt; text-align:center; line-height:9pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">(IRS Employer</font>
                <br >
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">Identification No.)</font>
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            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">300 Tice Boulevard </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Suite 290 </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Telephone: (845) 735-6000</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.18pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:1pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:8.5pt;font-size:8pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant&#8217;s principal executive offices) </font>
        </div>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Kenneth Gaglione, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Hudson Technologies, Inc. </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">300 Tice Boulevard </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Suite 290 </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Telephone: (845) 735-6000</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.18pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:1pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:8.5pt;font-size:8pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service) </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 40.024%; margin-right: 40.024%; margin-top: 5pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Copies to:</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.18pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:3pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:9.5pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Michael Grundei, Esq. </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Wiggin and Dana LLP </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Two Stamford Plaza </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">281 Tresser Boulevard </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Stamford, CT 06901 </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">Telephone: (203) 363-7630</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.18pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:5.3pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 40.024%; margin-right: 40.024%; margin-top: 5.29999999999995pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
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        <div style="margin-top:5.6pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:9.5pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">From time to time after this Registration Statement becomes effective.</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.18pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:1pt; text-align:center; width:541.31pt; line-height:8.5pt;font-size:8pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.16pt;">(Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public) </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:3pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:9.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box: &#9744; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:3pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:9.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule&#160;415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box.&#160;&#9746; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:3pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:9.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule&#160;462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. &#9744; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:3pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:9.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule&#160;462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. &#9744; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:3pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:9.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule&#160;462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. &#9744; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:3pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:9.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule&#160;413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. &#9744; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:3pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:9.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of &#8220;large accelerated filer&#8221;, &#8220;accelerated filer&#8221;, &#8220;smaller reporting company&#8221;, and &#8220;emerging growth company&#8221; in Rule&#160;12b-2 of the Exchange Act. </font>
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          <tr style="line-height:8.97000000000003pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:9pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">Large accelerated filer</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:112.66pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">&#9744; </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">Accelerated filer </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:112.65pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">&#9746; </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:8.97000000000003pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:9pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.03pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">Non-accelerated filer</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.03pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:112.66pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">&#9744; </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.03pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">Smaller reporting company </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.03pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:112.65pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">&#9744; </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:8.97000000000003pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:9pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:112.66pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.03pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:120pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">Emerging growth company </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:2.03pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:112.65pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">&#9744;</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:10.8pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:9.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.18pt;">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section&#160;7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. &#9744; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:3pt; width:541.31pt; line-height:9.5pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.18pt;">The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section&#160;8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section&#160;8(a), may determine.</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.18pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:4.1pt; width:541.31pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 541.31pt; margin-top: 4.10000000000002pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:1.6pt; width:541.31pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 541.31pt; margin-top: 1.60000000000002pt; font-size: 2pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 2pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="position:relative;overflow:hidden;min-height:775.71pt;page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="position:absolute;top:738.85pt;left:48.64pt;height:30pt;width:706.02pt;transform-origin:0pt -0pt;transform:rotate(-90deg) translate(0%, 0%);">
        <div style="text-align:justify; width:706pt; line-height:9.5pt;font-weight:bold;color:#FC0014;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:8pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.08pt;">The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. The securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.</font><font style="color:#000000;letter-spacing:-0.08pt;"> </font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:27.85pt;min-height:706pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:87.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;color:#FC0014;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Subject to Completion, dated December&#160;16, 2025</font><font style="font-weight:normal;color:#000000;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">PROSPECTUS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:18pt;font-weight:bold;font-size:16pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.32pt;">HUDSON TECHNOLOGIES, INC.</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.32pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:16pt;font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">$100,000,000</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.28pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:16pt;font-weight:bold;font-size:14pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Common Stock </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Preferred Stock </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Warrants </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Debt Securities </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Units</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.28pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:19.167pt; text-align:center; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 38.158%; margin-right: 38.158%; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">From time to time, we may offer and sell common stock, preferred stock, warrants or debt securities and/or any combination of securities described in this prospectus, either individually or in&#160;units, at prices and on terms described in one or more supplements to this prospectus. The aggregate public offering price of the securities offered by us under this prospectus, sometimes referred to as the &#8220;shelf securities,&#8221; will not exceed $100,000,000. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities that we may offer in one or more offerings. Each time we offer securities, we will provide a supplement to this prospectus that will contain more specific information about the terms of that offering. We may also add, update or change in a prospectus supplement any of the information contained in this prospectus. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">You should read both this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, as well as any documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus and/or the applicable prospectus supplement, before you make your investment decision.</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-left:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the trading symbol &#8220;HDSN.&#8221; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Investing in our securities involves risks. See the risks and uncertainties described under the heading &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; beginning on page <a href="#tRIFA">2</a> of this prospectus, in any applicable prospectus supplement and under similar headings in the other documents that are incorporated by reference into this prospectus.</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">This prospectus may not be used by us to sell any securities unless accompanied by a prospectus supplement. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The securities offered by this prospectus may be sold directly to investors, through agents designated from time to time or to or through one or more underwriters or dealers or in other manners as set forth under the heading &#8220;Plan of Distribution.&#8221; Each time we offer shelf securities in a primary offering in a manner other than as set forth in the Plan of Distribution, a supplement to this prospectus applicable to such offering will provide the specific terms of the plan of distribution for such offering and the net proceeds that we expect to receive from any such primary offering. We are bearing all of the expenses in connection with this registration statement. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:96pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The date of this prospectus is&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;, 2025.</font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="TOC">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:386pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">TABLE OF CONTENTS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <table style="width:456pt;height:205pt;margin-top:10pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt; width:434pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tATP"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tATP">1</a></font><a href="#tATP"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:434pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tAHTI"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">ABOUT HUDSON TECHNOLOGIES, INC. </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tAHTI">1</a></font><a href="#tAHTI"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:434pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tRIFA"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">RISK FACTORS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tRIFA">2</a></font><a href="#tRIFA"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:434pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tCNRF"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tCNRF">3</a></font><a href="#tCNRF"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:434pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tUOP"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">USE OF PROCEEDS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tUOP">3</a></font><a href="#tUOP"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:434pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tDOCS"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tDOCS">4</a></font><a href="#tDOCS"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:434pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tDOW"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tDOW">7</a></font><a href="#tDOW"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
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          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:434pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tDODS"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tDODS">8</a></font><a href="#tDODS"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:434pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tDOU"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">DESCRIPTION OF UNITS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tDOU">14</a></font><a href="#tDOU"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:434pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tPOD"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tPOD">14</a></font><a href="#tPOD"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
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          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:434pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tLEMA"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">LEGAL MATTERS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tLEMA">15</a></font><a href="#tLEMA"> </a>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
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              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <a href="#tEXP"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">EXPERTS </font></a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:10.5pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tEXP">15</a></font><a href="#tEXP"> </a>
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            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
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                <a href="#tWYCF"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION </font></a>
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            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:0pt; text-align:right; ">&#8203;</td>
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              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a href="#tWYCF">16</a></font><a href="#tWYCF"> </a>
            </td>
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            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
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                <a href="#tIIBR"><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE </font></a>
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            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The information contained in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. You should rely only on the information provided in or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or documents to which we otherwise refer you. We have not authorized anyone else to provide you with different information. We are not making an offer of any securities in any jurisdiction where the offer is not permitted, and this document may only be used where it is legal to sell the securities described herein. You should not assume that the information in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement or any document incorporated by reference is accurate as of any date other than the date of the document in which such information is contained or such other date referred to in such document, regardless of the time of any sale or issuance of the securities. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, to register an indeterminable number of shares of common stock, preferred stock, warrants and debt securities as may from time to time be offered for sale by us, either individually or in&#160;units, at indeterminate prices (up to an aggregate maximum offering price for all such securities of $100,000,000), using a &#8220;shelf&#8221; registration process. By using a shelf registration statement, we may offer and sell from time to time in one or more offerings the securities described in this prospectus. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus provides you with some of the general terms that may apply to an offering of our securities. Each time we sell securities under this shelf registration we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that specific offering, including the number and price per security (or exercise price) of the securities to be offered and sold in that offering and the specific manner in which such securities may be offered. A prospectus supplement may also add to, update or change any of the information contained in this prospectus. If there is an inconsistency between the information in this prospectus and a prospectus supplement, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">You should read carefully both this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement, together with the additional information incorporated by reference herein as described under the heading &#8220;Information Incorporated by Reference,&#8221; before making an investment decision. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The registration statement that contains this prospectus (including the exhibits to the registration statement) contains additional information about us and the securities offered under this prospectus. The registration statement can be read at the SEC web site (</font><font style="font-style:italic;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">www.sec.gov)</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">ABOUT HUDSON TECHNOLOGIES, INC.</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We are a refrigerant services company providing innovative solutions to recurring problems within the refrigeration industry. Our products and services are primarily used in commercial air conditioning, industrial processing and refrigeration systems, including (i)&#160;refrigerant and industrial gas sales, (ii)&#160;refrigerant management services consisting primarily of reclamation of refrigerants and (iii)&#160;RefrigerantSide</font><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:7.5pt;letter-spacing:0.15pt;">&#174;</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> Services performed at a customer&#8217;s site, consisting of system decontamination to remove moisture, oils and other contaminants. In addition, RefrigerantSide</font><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:7.5pt;letter-spacing:0.15pt;">&#174;</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> Services include predictive and diagnostic services for industrial and commercial refrigeration applications designed to predict potential catastrophic problems and identify inefficiencies in an operating system. Our Chiller Chemistry</font><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:7.5pt;letter-spacing:0.15pt;">&#174;</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">, Chill Smart</font><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:7.5pt;letter-spacing:0.15pt;">&#174;</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">, Fluid Chemistry, and Performance Optimization are predictive and diagnostic service offerings. As a component of our products and services, we also participate in the generation of carbon offset projects. We operate principally through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Hudson Technologies Company. Unless the context requires otherwise, references to the &#8220;Company&#8221;, &#8220;Hudson&#8221;, &#8220;we&#8221;, &#8220;us&#8221;, &#8220;our&#8221;, or similar pronouns refer to Hudson Technologies, Inc. and its subsidiaries. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We were incorporated under the laws of the State of New York. Our executive offices are located at 300&#160;Tice Boulevard, Suite 290, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey 07677 and our telephone number is (845) 735-6000.</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">1</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">RISK FACTORS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Any investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should consider carefully the risk factors described in our periodic reports filed with the SEC, including the risks, uncertainties and assumptions discussed under the heading &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; included in our most recent annual report on Form 10-K, as such may be revised or supplemented prior to the completion of this offering by more recently filed quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, each of which is or upon filing will be incorporated herein by reference, and which may be amended, supplemented or superseded from time to time by other reports we file with the SEC in the future, and those identified in any applicable prospectus supplement, as well as other information in this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement and the documents incorporated by reference herein before purchasing any of our securities. Each of these risk factors could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition, as well as adversely affect the value of an investment in our securities. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business, operating results, prospects or financial condition. The additional risks discussed below also include forward-looking statements and our actual results may differ substantially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Our existing and future debt obligations could impair our liquidity and financial condition.</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our existing revolving credit facility, which currently expires in March&#160;2027, is secured by substantially all of our assets and contains formulas that limit the amount of our borrowings under the facility. Moreover, the terms of our revolving credit facility also include negative covenants that, among other things, may limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness. If we violate any loan covenants and do not obtain waivers from our lenders, our indebtedness under the revolving credit facility would become immediately due and payable, and the lenders could foreclose on their security, which could materially adversely affect our business and future financial condition and could require us to curtail or otherwise cease our existing operations. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:10.33pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">We may need additional financing to satisfy our future capital requirements, which may not be readily available to us.</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our capital requirements may be significant in the future. In the future, we may incur additional expenses in the development and implementation of our operations. Due to fluctuations in the price, demand and availability of new refrigerants, our existing revolving credit facility that expires in March&#160;2027 may not in the future be sufficient to provide all of the capital that we need to acquire and manage our inventories of new refrigerant. As a result, we may be required to seek additional equity or debt financing in order to develop our RefrigerantSide</font><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:7.5pt;letter-spacing:0.15pt;">&#174;</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> Services business, our refrigerant sales business, and our other businesses. We have no current arrangements with respect to, or sources of, additional financing other than our existing revolving credit facility. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain any additional financing on terms acceptable to us or at all. Our inability to obtain financing, if and when needed, could materially adversely affect our business and future financial condition and could require us to curtail or otherwise cease our existing operations. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:10.32pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">We will have broad discretion over the use of the proceeds to us from any offering and may apply the proceeds to uses that do not improve our operating results or the value of your securities.</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will have broad discretion to use the net proceeds to us from a primary offering, if any, and investors will be relying solely on the judgment of our board of directors and management regarding the application of these proceeds. Although we expect to use the net proceeds from an offering for general corporate purposes, including without limitation additions to our working capital, capital expenditures and potential acquisitions of, or investments in, companies and technologies that complement our businesses, or potentially for the repayment of indebtedness, we have not allocated these net proceeds for specific purposes. Investors will not have the opportunity, as part of their investment decision, to assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately. Our use of any such proceeds may not improve our operating results or increase the value of the securities being offered hereby. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Future sales of shares of our common stock may cause the prevailing market price of our shares to decrease and could harm our ability to raise additional capital.</font><font style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We have previously issued shares of common stock, which are eligible for resale under Rule&#160;144 of the Securities Act of 1933, or Securities Act, and may become freely tradable. We have also registered shares </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">that are issuable upon the exercise of options. If holders of options choose to exercise their purchase rights and sell shares of common stock in the public market, or if holders of currently restricted common stock choose to sell such shares of common stock in the public market under Rule&#160;144 or otherwise, or attempt to publicly sell such shares all at once or in a short time period, the prevailing market price for our common stock may decline. The sale of shares of common stock issued upon the exercise of our securities could also dilute the holdings of our existing shareholders. The market price of our common stock could drop due to sales of a large number of shares or the perception that such sales could occur. These factors also could make it more difficult to raise funds through future offerings of our securities. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein contain statements that we believe are &#8220;forward-looking statements&#8221; as that term is used in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and are intended to enjoy protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements provided by that Act. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections about our business and our industry. Forward-looking statements include statements regarding our future financial position, performance and achievements, business strategy, and plans and objectives of management for future operations. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as &#8220;may,&#8221; &#8220;should,&#8221; &#8220;will,&#8221; &#8220;could,&#8221; &#8220;estimate,&#8221; &#8220;project,&#8221; &#8220;predict,&#8221; &#8220;potential,&#8221; &#8220;continue,&#8221; &#8220;anticipate,&#8221; &#8220;believe,&#8221; &#8220;plan,&#8221; &#8220;seek,&#8221; &#8220;expect,&#8221; &#8220;future&#8221; and &#8220;intend&#8221; or the negative of these terms or other comparable expressions which are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are only predictions and are not guarantees of future performance. They are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond our control and difficult to predict and could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in, or implied by, the forward-looking statements. In evaluating these forward-looking statements, you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties referred to under the caption &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; above and elsewhere in this prospectus, including those described in documents incorporated by reference herein, and those described in any applicable prospectus supplement. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. In addition, these forward-looking statements reflect our view only as of the date they are made. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">USE OF PROCEEDS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Except as described in any prospectus supplement, we currently intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of shelf securities under this prospectus for general corporate purposes, including without limitation additions to our working capital, capital expenditures and, although we have no present understandings, commitments or agreements to do so, potential acquisitions of, or investments in, companies and technologies that complement our businesses, or potentially for the repayment of indebtedness. The prospectus supplement with respect to an offering of the shelf securities may identify different or additional uses for the proceeds of that offering. Pending any such uses, we may temporarily invest the net proceeds. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">3</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The following description summarizes the material terms of our capital stock. Because it is only a summary, it does not contain all the information that may be important to you. For a complete description, you should refer to the applicable prospectus supplement, our certificate of incorporation, as amended, and amended and restated by-laws and to the applicable provisions of New York law. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Common Stock</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">As of the date of this prospectus, Hudson is authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of common stock. As of December&#160;4, 2025, there were 43,003,185&#160;shares of common stock outstanding. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters to be voted on by shareholders. There is no cumulative voting with respect to the election of directors, with the result that the holders of more than 50% of the shares voting for the election of directors can elect all of the directors then up for election. The holders of common stock are entitled to receive dividends when, as and if declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available therefor. In the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Hudson, the holders of common stock are entitled to share in all assets remaining which are available for distribution to them after payment of liabilities and after provision has been made for each class of stock, if any, having preference over the common stock. Holders of shares of common stock have no conversion, preemptive or other subscription rights, and there are no redemption provisions applicable to the common stock. All of the outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and non-assessable. </font>
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        <div style="margin-left:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol &#8220;HDSN.&#8221; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Transfer Agent</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The transfer agent and registrar for the common stock is Continental Stock Transfer &amp; Trust Company, New York, New York. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Preferred Stock</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">As of the date of this prospectus, Hudson is authorized to issue 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. As of December 4, 2025, there were 150,000 shares of preferred stock designated as Series&#160;A Convertible Preferred Stock and no shares of preferred stock outstanding. Hudson has no intent to issue any shares of its Series&#160;A Convertible Preferred Stock. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This section describes the general terms of our preferred stock to which any prospectus supplement may relate. A prospectus supplement will describe the terms relating to any preferred stock to be offered by us in greater detail, and may provide information that is different from this prospectus. If the information in the prospectus supplement with respect to the particular preferred stock being offered differs from this prospectus, you should rely on the information in the prospectus supplement. A copy of our certificate of incorporation, as amended, has been incorporated by reference from our filings with the SEC as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. A certificate of amendment to our certificate of incorporation will specify the terms of any preferred stock being offered, and will be filed or incorporated by reference from a report that we file with the SEC. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Under our certificate of incorporation, as amended, we have the authority to issue 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. The authorized preferred stock can be issued from time to time in one or more series. Our board of directors has the power, without shareholder approval, to issue shares of one or more series of preferred stock, at any time, for such consideration and with such relative rights, privileges, preferences and other terms as the board may determine, including terms relating to dividend rates, redemption rates, liquidation preferences and voting, sinking fund and conversion or other rights. The rights and terms relating to any new series of preferred stock could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the holders of the common stock or could be utilized, under certain circumstances, as a method of discouraging, delaying or preventing a change in control of Hudson. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The following description of our preferred stock, and any description of our preferred stock in a prospectus supplement, may not be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, New York law and the actual terms and provisions contained in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, each as amended from time to time. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Terms</font><font style="font-style:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Our board of directors will fix the rights, preferences, privileges, qualifications and restrictions of the preferred stock of each series that we sell under this prospectus and applicable prospectus supplements in the amendment to our certificate of incorporation relating to that series. We will incorporate by reference into the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, the form of any amendment to our certificate of incorporation that describes the terms of the series of preferred stock we are offering before the issuance of the related series of preferred stock. This description of the preferred stock in the amendment to our certificate of incorporation and any applicable prospectus supplement may include: </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the number of shares of preferred stock to be issued and the offering price of the preferred stock; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the title and stated value of the preferred stock; </font>
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        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">dividend rights, including dividend rates, periods, or payment dates, or methods of calculation of dividends applicable to the preferred stock; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">whether dividends will be cumulative or non-cumulative, and if cumulative the date from which distributions on the preferred stock shall accumulate; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.91pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the right to convert the preferred stock into a different type of security; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">voting rights, if any, attributable to the preferred stock; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">rights and preferences upon our liquidation or winding up of our affairs; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">terms of redemption; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">preemption rights, if any; </font>
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        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the procedures for any auction and remarketing, if any, for the preferred stock; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the provisions for a sinking fund, if any, for the preferred stock; </font>
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        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any listing of the preferred stock on any securities exchange; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the terms and conditions, if applicable, upon which the preferred stock will be convertible into our common stock, including the conversion price (or manner of calculation thereof); </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">a discussion of federal income tax considerations applicable to the preferred stock, if material; </font>
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        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the relative ranking and preferences of the preferred stock as to dividend or other distribution rights and rights if we liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs; </font>
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        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any limitations on issuance of any series of preferred stock ranking senior to or on a parity with the series of preferred stock being offered as to distribution rights and rights upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding up or our affairs; and </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any other specific terms, preferences, rights, limitations or restrictions of the preferred stock. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Rank</font><font style="font-style:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable supplement to this prospectus, shares of our preferred stock will rank, with respect to payment of distributions and rights upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, and allocation of our earnings and losses: </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">senior to all classes or series of our common stock, and to all of our equity securities ranking junior to the preferred stock; </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">on a parity with all equity securities issued by us, the terms of which specifically provide that these equity securities rank on a parity with the preferred stock; and </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">5</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
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        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">junior to all equity securities issued by us, the terms of which specifically provide that these equity securities rank senior to the preferred stock. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Distributions</font><font style="font-style:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Subject to any preferential rights of any outstanding stock or series of stock, our preferred shareholders are entitled to receive distributions, when and as authorized by our board of directors, out of legally available funds, and share pro&#160;rata based on the number of shares of preferred stock, common stock and other equity securities outstanding. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Voting Rights</font><font style="font-style:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable supplement to this prospectus, or otherwise required under New York law, holders of our preferred stock will not have any voting rights. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Liquidation Preference</font><font style="font-style:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Upon the voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs, then, before any distribution or payment shall be made to the holders of any common stock or any other class or series of stock ranking junior to the preferred stock in our distribution of assets upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the holders of each series of our preferred stock are entitled to receive, after payment or provision for payment of our debts and other liabilities, out of our assets legally available for distribution to shareholders, liquidating distributions in the amount of the liquidation preference per share (set forth in the applicable supplement to this prospectus), plus an amount, if applicable, equal to all distributions accrued and unpaid thereon (which shall not include any accumulation in respect of unpaid distributions for prior distribution periods if the preferred stock does not have a cumulative distribution). Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable supplement to this prospectus, after payment of the full amount of the liquidating distributions to which they are entitled, the holders of preferred stock will have no right or claim to any of our remaining assets. In the event that, upon our voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the legally available assets are insufficient to pay the amount of the liquidating distributions on all of our outstanding preferred stock and the corresponding amounts payable on all of our stock of other classes or series of equity security ranking on a parity with the preferred stock in the distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up, then the holders of our preferred stock and all other such classes or series of equity securities will share ratably in the distribution of assets in proportion to the full liquidating distributions to which they would otherwise be respectively entitled. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">If the liquidating distributions are made in full to all holders of preferred stock, our remaining assets will be distributed among the holders of any other classes or series of equity security ranking junior to the preferred stock upon our liquidation, dissolution, or winding up, according to their respective rights and preferences and in each case according to their respective number of shares of stock. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Conversion Rights</font><font style="font-style:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The terms and conditions, if any, upon which shares of any series of preferred stock are convertible into other securities will be set forth in the applicable supplement to this prospectus. These terms will include the amount and type of security into which the shares of preferred stock are convertible, the conversion price (or manner of calculation thereof), the conversion period, provisions as to whether conversion will be at the option of the holders of the preferred stock or us, the events, if any, requiring an adjustment of the conversion price and provisions, if any, affecting conversion in the event of the redemption of that preferred stock. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-style:italic;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Redemption</font><font style="font-style:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">If so provided in the applicable supplement to this prospectus, our preferred stock will be subject to mandatory redemption or redemption at our option, in whole or in part, in each case upon the terms, at the times and at the redemption prices set forth in such supplement to this prospectus. </font>
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      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
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      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">6</font>
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      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tDOW">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
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      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Anti-Takeover Considerations and Special Provisions of our Certificate of Incorporation and our By-laws</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">A number of provisions of both our certificate of incorporation, as amended, and our amended and restated by-laws concern matters of corporate governance and the rights of our shareholders. Our board of directors is divided into two classes. Each class is to have a term of two&#160;years, with the term of each class expiring in successive&#160;years, and is to consist, as nearly as possible, of one-half of the number of directors constituting the entire board. Under certain circumstances, at least two annual meetings of shareholders, instead of one, may be required to effect a change in a majority of our board of directors. The classification of our board into two separate classes could discourage, delay, or prevent a takeover of us thereby preserving control by the current shareholders. In addition, provisions that grant our board of directors the ability to issue shares of preferred stock and to set the voting rights, preferences and other terms thereof may discourage takeover attempts that are not first approved by our board of directors, including takeovers which may be considered by some shareholders to be in their best interests. Certain provisions could delay or impede the removal of incumbent directors or the assumption of control by shareholders, even if such removal or assumption would be beneficial to our shareholders. These provisions also could discourage or make more difficult a merger, tender offer or proxy contest, even if they could be favorable to the interests of shareholders, and could potentially depress the market price of our common stock. Our board of directors believes that these provisions are appropriate to protect our interests and the interests of our shareholders. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">General</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The following description, together with the additional information we may include in any applicable prospectus supplements, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the warrants that we may offer under this prospectus. While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any warrants that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any series of warrants in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms of any warrants offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from another report that we file with the SEC, the form of warrant agreement, which may include a form of warrant certificate, that describes the terms of the particular series of warrants we are offering before the issuance of the related series of warrants. The following summary of material provisions of the warrants and the warrant agreements are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the warrant agreement and warrant certificate applicable to a particular series of warrants. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements related to the particular series of warrants that we sell under this prospectus, as well as the complete warrant agreements and warrant certificates that contain the terms of the warrants. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms relating to warrants being offered including: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the offering price and aggregate number of warrants offered; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if applicable, the designation and terms of the securities with which the warrants are issued and the number of warrants issued with each such security or each principal amount of such security; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if applicable, the date on and after which the warrants and the related securities will be separately transferable; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the number of shares of common stock or preferred stock, as the case may be, purchasable upon the exercise of one warrant and the price at which these shares may be purchased upon such exercise; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the terms of any rights to redeem or call the warrants; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any provisions for changes to or adjustments in the exercise price or number of securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the dates on which the right to exercise the warrants will commence and expire; </font>
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      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">7</font>
          <br >
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      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tDODS">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:2pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the manner in which the warrant agreements and warrants may be modified; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">federal income tax consequences of holding or exercising the warrants, if material; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the terms of the securities issuable upon exercise of the warrants; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of or restrictions on the warrants. </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Before exercising their warrants, holders of warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of the securities purchasable upon such exercise, including, in the case of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, the right to receive dividends, if any, or payments upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs or to exercise voting rights, if any. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Exercise of Warrants</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Each warrant will entitle the holder to purchase the securities that we specify in the applicable prospectus supplement at the exercise price that we describe in the applicable prospectus supplement. Unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants at any time up to the specified time on the expiration date that we set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, unexercised warrants will become void. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Holders of the warrants may exercise the warrants by delivering the warrant certificate representing the warrants to be exercised together with specified information, and paying the required amount to the warrant agent in immediately available funds, as provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. We intend to set forth in any warrant agreement and in the applicable prospectus supplement the information that the holder of the warrant will be required to deliver to the warrant agent. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Upon receipt of the required payment and any warrant certificate or other form required for exercise properly completed and duly executed at the corporate trust office of the warrant agent or any other office indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will issue and deliver the securities purchasable upon such exercise. If fewer than all of the warrants represented by the warrant or warrant certificate are exercised, then we will issue a new warrant or warrant certificate for the remaining amount of warrants. If we so indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the warrants may surrender securities as all or part of the exercise price for warrants. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may issue debt securities, in one or more series, which may be senior or convertible debt. While the terms we have summarized below we expect will apply generally to any debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any debt securities that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms of any debt securities offered under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms described below. We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, forms of debt securities and/or any indentures containing the terms of the debt securities being offered. Any debt securities which we offer by this prospectus may be exempt under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, or Trust Indenture Act. Therefore, we may not use an indenture (and, thus a trustee) or, if we use an indenture, it may not fully comply with the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The documentation governing the debt securities may provide for an agent to act for and on behalf of the holders of the debt securities. We will file as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or will incorporate by reference from reports that we file with the SEC, supplemental forms of debt securities and/or indentures containing the terms of the debt securities being offered. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The following summaries of material provisions of the debt securities we may issue are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of the documentation applicable to a particular series of debt securities. We urge you to read any applicable prospectus supplements. </font>
        </div>
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      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">8</font>
          <br >
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      <hr >
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    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">General</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms of the debt securities being offered, including: </font>
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        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the title; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.71pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.71pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the principal amount being offered, and if a series, the total amount authorized and the total amount outstanding; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any limit on the amount that may be issued; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">whether or not we will issue the series of debt securities in global form, the terms and who the depositary will be; </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the maturity date; </font>
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        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.71pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:5.71pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the terms of any conversion rights; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the annual interest rate, which may be fixed or variable, or the method for determining the rate and the date interest will begin to accrue, the dates interest will be payable and the regular record dates for interest payment dates or the method for determining such dates; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">whether or not the debt securities will be secured or unsecured, and the terms of any secured debt; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the terms of the subordination of any series of subordinated debt; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the place where payments will be payable; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if payment of principal and interest on the debt securities may be paid in our securities rather than, or in addition to, cash and the terms of any such rights; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment, if any; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our right, if any, to defer payment of interest and the maximum length of any such deferral period; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the date, if any, after which, and the price at which, we may, at our option, redeem the series of debt securities pursuant to any optional or provisional redemption provisions and the terms of those redemption provisions; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the date, if any, on which, and the price at which we are obligated, pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund or analogous fund provisions or otherwise, to redeem, or at the holder&#8217;s option to purchase, the series of debt securities and the currency or currency unit in which the debt securities are payable; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">whether the debt securities will restrict our ability and/or the ability of our subsidiaries to: </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:40pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:50pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">incur additional indebtedness; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:40pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:50pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">issue additional securities; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:40pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:50pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">create liens; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:40pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:50pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">pay dividends and make distributions in respect of our capital stock and the capital stock of our subsidiaries; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:40pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:50pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">redeem capital stock; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:40pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:50pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">place restrictions on our subsidiaries&#8217; ability to pay dividends, make distributions or transfer assets; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:40pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:50pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">make investments or other restricted payments; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:40pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:50pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">sell or otherwise dispose of assets; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:40pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:50pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">enter into sale-leaseback transactions; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:40pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:50pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">engage in transactions with shareholders and affiliates; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:40pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:50pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">issue or sell stock of our subsidiaries; or </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">9</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:40pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:50pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">effect a consolidation or merger; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">whether the debt securities will require us to maintain any interest coverage, fixed charge, cash flow-based, asset-based or other financial ratios; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.51pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.51pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">a discussion of any material United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the debt securities; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">information describing any book-entry features; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">provisions for a sinking fund purchase or other analogous fund, if any; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.51pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.51pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the applicability of the provisions in the debt securities on discharge; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the denominations in which we will issue the series of debt securities, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the currency of payment of debt securities if other than U.S. dollars and the manner of determining the equivalent amount in U.S. dollars; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.51pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.51pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the debt securities, including any events of default or covenants provided with respect to the debt securities, and any terms that may be required by us or advisable under applicable laws or regulations. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Conversion or Exchange Rights</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will set forth in the prospectus supplement the terms on which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock or our other securities. We will include provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the holder or at our option. We may include provisions pursuant to which the number of shares of our common stock or our other securities that the holders of the series of debt securities receive would be subject to adjustment. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Consolidation, Merger or Sale</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We do not currently expect our debt securities to contain any covenant that restricts our ability to merge or consolidate, or sell, convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets. However, any successor to or acquirer of such assets may be required to assume all of our obligations under the debt securities, as appropriate. If the debt securities are convertible into or exchangeable for our other securities or securities of other entities, the person with whom we consolidate or merge or to whom we sell all or substantially all of our assets may be required to make provisions for the conversion of the debt securities into securities that the holders of the debt securities would have received if they had converted the debt securities before the consolidation, merger or sale. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Events of Default Under the Debt Securities</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities or the debt agreement or indenture governing the debt securities, the following are events of default with respect to any series of debt securities that we may issue: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if we fail to pay interest when due and payable and our failure continues for 90&#160;days and the time for payment has not been extended or deferred; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.41pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.41pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if we fail to pay the principal, premium or sinking fund payment, if any, when due and payable and the time for payment has not been extended or delayed; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if we fail to observe or perform any other covenant contained in the debt securities, other than a covenant specifically relating to another series of debt securities, and our failure continues for 90&#160;days after we receive notice from the debt securities agent or holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the applicable series; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if specified events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization occur; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">any other event of default provided in or pursuant to the applicable agreement or indenture, if any, or prospectus supplement with respect to the debt securities of that series. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">10</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of an affected series may waive any default or event of default with respect to the series and its consequences, except defaults or events of default regarding payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest, unless we have cured the default or event of default in accordance with the form of debt security and/or agreement or indenture. Any waiver shall cure the default or event of default. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to such holders with respect to the debt securities of that series. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Subject to the terms of the debt securities, if an event of default thereunder shall occur and be continuing, the debt securities agent will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under such debt securities at the request or direction of any of the holders of the applicable series of debt securities, unless such holders have offered the debt securities agent reasonable indemnity. The holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the debt securities agent, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the debt securities agent, with respect to the debt securities of that series, provided that: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the direction so given by the holder is not in conflict with any law or the applicable debt securities; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the debt securities agent need not take any action that might involve it in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the holders not involved in the proceeding. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">A holder of the debt securities of any series will have the right to institute a proceeding under the debt securities or to appoint a receiver or trustee, or to seek other remedies only if: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the holder has given written notice to the debt securities agent of a continuing event of default with respect to that series; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have made written request, and such holders have offered reasonable indemnity to the debt securities agent to institute the proceeding as trustee; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.71pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.71pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the debt securities agent does not institute the proceeding, and does not receive from the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series other conflicting directions within 90&#160;days after the notice, request and offer. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">These limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by a holder of debt securities if we default in the payment of the principal, premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may periodically file statements with the debt securities agent regarding our compliance with specified covenants in the documentation regarding such debt securities. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Modification; Waiver</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We and the debt securities agent may change the form of debt security and/or indenture without the consent of any holders with respect to specific matters: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to fix any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency in the documentation governing the debt securities; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.7pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to comply with the provisions described above under &#8220;Description of Debt Securities &#8212; Consolidation, Merger or Sale;&#8221; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.71pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.71pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to add to, delete from or revise the conditions, limitations, and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms, or purposes of issue, authentication and delivery of debt securities, as set forth in the documentation governing such debt securities; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the debt securities of any series as provided under &#8220;Description of Debt Securities&#8201;&#8212;&#8201;General&#8221; to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of any series of debt securities, or to add to the rights of the holders of any series of debt securities; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">11</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment thereunder by a successor debt securities agent; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to provide for uncertificated debt securities in addition to or in place of certificated debt securities and to make all appropriate changes for such purpose; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to add to our covenants. new covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions for the protection of the holders, and to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an event of default; or </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to change anything that does not materially adversely affect the interests of any holder of debt securities of any series. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">In addition, the rights of holders of a series of debt securities may be changed by us and the debt securities agent with the written consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series that is affected. However, unless we provide otherwise in the prospectus supplement applicable to a particular series of debt securities, we and the debt securities agent may make the following changes only with the consent of each holder of any outstanding debt securities affected: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">extending the fixed maturity of the series of debt securities; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.51pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.51pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">reducing the principal amount, reducing the rate of or extending the time of payment of interest, or reducing any premium payable upon the redemption of any debt securities; or </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">reducing the&#160;percentage of debt securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any amendment, supplement, modification or waiver. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Discharge</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The documentation governing the debt securities may provide that we can elect to be discharged from our obligations with respect to one or more series of debt securities, except for specified obligations, including obligations to: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">register the transfer or exchange of debt securities of the series; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">replace stolen, lost or mutilated debt securities of the series; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.51pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.51pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">maintain paying agencies; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">hold monies for payment in trust; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">recover excess money held by the debt securities agent; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.5pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">indemnify the debt securities agent; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.51pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.51pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">appoint any successor debt securities agent. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">In order to exercise our rights to be discharged, we must deposit with the debt securities agent money or government obligations sufficient to pay all the principal of, any premium, if any, and interest on, the debt securities of the series on the dates payments are due. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Form, Exchange and Transfer</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will issue the debt securities of each series only in fully registered form without coupons and, unless we provide otherwise in the applicable prospectus supplement, in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">At the option of the holder, subject to the terms of the debt securities set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, the holder of the debt securities of any series can exchange the debt securities for other debt securities of the same series, in any authorized denomination and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Subject to the terms of the debt securities set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the debt securities may present the debt securities for exchange or for registration of transfer, duly endorsed </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">12</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:20pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">or with the form of transfer endorsed thereon duly executed if so required by us or the security registrar, at the office of the security registrar or at the office of any transfer agent designated by us for this purpose. Unless otherwise provided in the debt securities that the holder presents for transfer or exchange, we will impose no service charge for any registration of transfer or exchange, but we may require payment of any taxes or other governmental charges. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement the security registrar, and any transfer agent in addition to the security registrar, that we initially designate for any debt securities. We may at any time designate additional transfer agents or rescind the designation of any transfer agent or approve a change in the office through which any transfer agent acts, except that we will be required to maintain a transfer agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of each series. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-left:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">If we elect to redeem the debt securities of any series, we will not be required to: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">issue, register the transfer of, or exchange any debt securities of that series during a period beginning at the opening of business 15&#160;days before the day of mailing of a notice of redemption of any debt securities that may be selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of the mailing; or </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">register the transfer of or exchange any debt securities so selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any debt securities we are redeeming in part. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Information Concerning the Debt Securities Agent</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The debt securities agent, if any, other than during the occurrence and continuance of an event of default under the debt securities, may undertake to perform only those duties as are specifically set forth in the applicable documentation for such debt securities. Upon an event of default under the debt securities, the debt securities agent must use the same degree of care as a prudent person would exercise or use in the conduct of his or her own affairs. Subject to this provision, the debt securities agent is under no obligation to exercise any of the powers given it by the debt securities at the request of any holder of debt securities unless it is offered reasonable security and indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that it might incur. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Payment and Paying Agents</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make payment of the interest on any debt securities on any interest payment date to the person in whose name the debt securities, or one or more predecessor securities, are registered at the close of business on the regular record date for the interest. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We will pay principal of and any premium and interest on the debt securities of a particular series at the office of the paying agents designated by us, except that unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make interest payments by check that we will mail to the holder or by wire transfer to certain holders. We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement any paying agents that we initially designate for the debt securities of a particular series. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">All money we pay to a paying agent or the debt securities agent for the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any debt securities that remains unclaimed at the end of two&#160;years after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable will be repaid to us, and the holder of the debt security thereafter may look only to us for payment thereof. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Governing Law</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The debt securities will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">13</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tDOU">&#8203;</a><a name="tPOD">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">DESCRIPTION OF UNITS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">As specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may issue&#160;units consisting of one or more of the following: shares of common stock and/or preferred stock, warrants, debt securities, or any combination of such securities. The applicable prospectus supplement will describe: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the terms of the&#160;units and of any of our common shares, preferred shares, warrants or debt securities comprising the&#160;units, including whether and under what circumstances the securities comprising the&#160;units may be traded separately; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">a description of the terms of any unit agreement governing the&#160;units; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">a description of the provisions for the payment, settlement, transfer or exchange of the&#160;units; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.8pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">if applicable, a discussion of any material United States federal income tax considerations. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may sell the securities covered by this prospectus from time to time. Registration of our securities covered by this prospectus does not mean, however, that those securities will necessarily be offered or sold. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-left:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may sell the securities: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to or through one or more underwriters or dealers; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">directly to one or more purchasers, through agents, in private or open market transactions; or </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">through a combination of any of these methods of sale. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="margin-left:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may distribute securities: </font>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed from time to time; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.91pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.91pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">at market prices prevailing at the times of sale; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">at prices related to such prevailing market prices; or </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:5.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">at negotiated prices. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The method of distribution of the securities will be described in any applicable prospectus supplement. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Underwriters, dealers or agents may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from us, or purchasers (as their agents in connection with the sale of the securities). In addition, underwriters may sell the securities to or through dealers, and those dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for whom they act as agent. These underwriters, dealers or agents may be considered to be underwriters under the Securities Act. As a result, discounts, commissions, or profits on resale received by the underwriters, dealers or agents may be treated as underwriting discounts and commissions. Each applicable prospectus supplement will identify any such underwriter, dealer or agent, and describe any compensation received by them from us. Any initial public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or re-allowed or paid to dealers may be changed from time to time. We may use underwriters with whom we have a material relationship. We will describe the nature of the relationship in an applicable prospectus supplement, naming the underwriter. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may authorize agents or underwriters to solicit offers by certain types of institutional investors to purchase securities from us at the public offering price set forth in an applicable prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. We will describe the conditions to these contracts and the commissions we must pay for solicitation of these contracts in the prospectus supplement. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may enter into agreements that provide for indemnification against certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or for contribution with respect to payments made by the underwriters, dealers or agents and to reimburse these persons for certain expenses. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">14</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tLEMA">&#8203;</a><a name="tEXP">&#8203;</a>
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      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">All shelf securities we offer, other than common stock, will be new issues of securities with no established trading market. If the shelf securities are traded after their initial issuance, they may trade at a discount from their initial offering price, depending upon prevailing interest rates, the market for similar securities and other factors. Any underwriters may make a market in our securities, but will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. Therefore, no assurance can be given as to whether an active trading market will develop for any new shelf securities. We have no current plans for listing of the preferred stock on any securities exchange or quotation system; any such listing with respect to the preferred stock will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement or pricing supplement, as the case may be. We cannot guarantee the liquidity of the trading markets for any of our securities. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We may grant underwriters who participate in the distribution of the securities an option to purchase additional securities to cover over-allotments, if any, in connection with the distribution. Underwriters, broker dealers or agents and their associates may be customers of, engage in transactions with, or perform services for us in the ordinary course of business for which they receive compensation. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Any underwriter may engage in overallotment, stabilizing transactions, short covering transactions and penalty bids in accordance with Regulation&#160;M under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or Exchange Act. Overallotment involves sales in excess of the offering size, which create a short position. Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase the underlying security so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum. Short covering transactions involve purchase of the securities in the open market after the distribution is completed to cover short positions. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a dealer when the securities originally sold by the dealer are purchased in a covering transaction to cover short positions. Those activities may cause the price of the securities to be higher than it would otherwise be. If commenced, the underwriters may discontinue any of these activities at any time. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Any underwriters who are qualified market makers on the Nasdaq Capital Market may engage in passive market making transactions in our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market in accordance with Rule&#160;103 of Regulation&#160;M, during the business day prior to the pricing of the offering, before the commencement of offers or sales of common stock. Passive market makers must comply with applicable volume and price limitations and must be identified as passive market makers. In general, a passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid for such security; if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker&#8217;s bid, however, the passive market maker&#8217;s bid must then be lowered when certain purchase limits are exceeded. Under applicable rules and regulations under the Exchange Act, any person engaged in the distribution of the resale shares may not simultaneously engage in market making activities with respect to the common stock for the applicable restricted period, as defined in Regulation&#160;M, prior to the commencement of the distribution. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We make no representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that any of the foregoing activities may have on the price of our common stock or, if applicable, the price for any of our other securities. For a description of these activities, see the information under the heading &#8220;Underwriting&#8221; or &#8220;Plan of Distribution&#8221; in the applicable prospectus supplement. We will pay all expenses related to this registration statement. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">LEGAL MATTERS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The validity of the securities being offered by this prospectus will be passed upon for us by Wiggin and Dana LLP, Stamford, Connecticut and for any underwriters, dealers or agents by counsel named in the applicable prospectus supplement. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">EXPERTS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The consolidated financial statements of Hudson Technologies, Inc. as of December&#160;31, 2024 and 2023 and for each of the three&#160;years in the period ended December&#160;31, 2024 and management&#8217;s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December&#160;31, 2024 incorporated by reference in this Prospectus and in the Registration Statement have been so incorporated in reliance on the reports of BDO USA, P.C., an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting. </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">15</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tWYCF">&#8203;</a>
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        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We are subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act, and we file reports and other information with the SEC. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">You may read and copy any of the reports, statements, or other information we file with the SEC at its Web site at </font><font style="font-style:italic;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">http://www.sec.gov</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> that contains reports, proxy statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. In addition, the Nasdaq Stock Market maintains a Web site at </font><font style="font-style:italic;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">http://www.nasdaq.com</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> that contains reports, proxy statements and other information filed by us. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We make available free of charge, on or through our web site, annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section&#160;13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Our internet address is </font><font style="font-style:italic;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">www.hudsontech.com</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">. Information contained on or that can be accessed through our Web site is not part of this prospectus. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">This prospectus constitutes a part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we have filed with the SEC under the Securities Act. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement, certain parts of which are omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. For further information about us and our securities we refer you to the registration statement and the accompanying exhibits and schedules. The registration statement may be inspected on the SEC&#8217;s Web site. Statements contained in this prospectus regarding the contents of any contract or any other document filed as an exhibit are not necessarily complete. In each instance, reference is made to the copy of such contract or document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, and each statement is qualified in all respects by that reference. </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">16</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tIIBR">&#8203;</a>
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        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The SEC allows us to &#8220;incorporate by reference&#8221; into this prospectus the information we file with them. This means that we may disclose important information to you by referring you to other documents filed separately with the SEC. The information we incorporate by reference into this prospectus is legally deemed to be a part of this prospectus, except for any information superseded by other information contained in, or incorporated by reference into, this prospectus. Any statement contained in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus will be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus or any other subsequently filed document that is deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus modifies or supersedes the statement. Any statement so modified or superseded will not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus. Our SEC File Number for documents we file under the Exchange Act is 001-13412. The following documents filed by us with the SEC are hereby incorporated by reference in this prospectus: </font>
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          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/925528/000141057825000323/hdsn-20241231x10k.htm">our annual report on Form 10-K (including the information incorporated by reference therein) for the fiscal year ended December&#160;31, 2024 filed with the SEC on March&#160;12, 2025;</a> </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarters ended March&#160;31, 2025, June&#160;30, 2025 and September&#160;30, 2025 filed with the SEC on <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/925528/000141057825001163/hdsn-20250331x10q.htm">May&#160;9, 2025</a>, <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/925528/000141057825001554/hdsn-20250630x10q.htm">August&#160;1, 2025</a> and <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/925528/000110465925108471/hdsn-20250930x10q.htm">November&#160;7, 2025</a>, respectively; </font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">our current reports on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/925528/000110465925058886/tm2517770d1_8k.htm">June&#160;12, 2025, </a><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/925528/000110465925061667/tm2518301d1_8k.htm">June&#160;23, 2025</a>, <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/925528/000110465925101581/tm2529305d1_8k.htm">October&#160;22, 2025</a>, <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/925528/000110465925105559/tm2530107d1_8k.htm">November&#160;3, 2025</a> (Item&#160;5.02 only), <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/925528/000110465925111455/tm2531205d1_8k.htm">November&#160;13, 2025</a> (Item&#160;5.02 only), <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/925528/000110465925117162/tm2532086d1_8k.htm">December&#160;1, 2025</a> (Items&#160;1.01 and 2.03 only) and <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0000925528/000110465925119656/tm2533107d1_8k.htm">December&#160;9, 2025</a>; </font>
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        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:20pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:10pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#8226;</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:30pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/925528/000110465925039079/tm252427-2_def14a.htm">our proxy statement filed with the SEC on April&#160;25, 2025</a>; and </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">the description of our common stock contained in our registration statement on Form 8-A, filed with the SEC pursuant to Section&#160;12(g) of the Exchange Act and all amendments or reports filed by us for the purpose of updating those descriptions. </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">All reports and other documents subsequently filed by us pursuant to Sections&#160;13(a), 13(c), 14 and 15(d) of the Exchange Act (i)&#160;after the date of the initial registration statement and before effectiveness of the registration statement and (ii)&#160;after the date of this prospectus and prior to the termination of this offering also shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus and to be part hereof from the dates of filing of such reports and other documents; provided, however, that we are not incorporating any information furnished under either Item&#160;2.02 or Item&#160;7.01 of any current report on Form 8-K. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">We hereby undertake to provide without charge to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a copy of this prospectus is delivered, upon written or oral request of any such person, a copy of any and all of the information that has been or may be incorporated by reference in this prospectus, other than exhibits to such documents, unless the exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference into the documents that this prospectus incorporates. Requests for such copies should be directed to our corporate secretary, at the following address or by calling the following telephone number: </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:8pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Hudson Technologies, Inc. </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">300 Tice Boulevard </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Suite 290 </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Telephone: (845) 735-6000</font>
        </div>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">17</font>
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.32pt;">HUDSON TECHNOLOGIES, INC.</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.32pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:72pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:16pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:14pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">$100,000,000</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.28pt;"> </font>
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          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Common Stock </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Preferred Stock </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Warrants </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Debt Securities </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.28pt;">Units</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.28pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:83.167pt; text-align:center; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 38.158%; margin-right: 38.158%; margin-top: 83.1666666666667pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:56.01pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:14pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.24pt;">PROSPECTUS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.24pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:72pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199;&#8199; &#8199;&#8199;, 2025</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:158.5pt; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 456pt; margin-top: 158.5pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 456pt; margin-top: 2.5pt; font-size: 2pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 2pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">PART II</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Item&#160;14.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The following table sets forth an estimate of the fees and expenses payable by the registrant in connection with the offering described in this registration statement </font>
        </div>
        <table style="width:416pt;height:130.5pt;margin-left:20pt;margin-top:10pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt; width:371.29pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">SEC registration fee </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">$</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt 0pt 1pt 0pt; min-width:21pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">13,810</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:371.29pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">FINRA fee </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">$</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:21pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="position:relative;">&#8203;</font><font style="position:absolute;"><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:9pt;"></font>*</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:371.29pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Legal fees and expenses </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">$</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:21pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="position:relative;">&#8203;</font><font style="position:absolute;"><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:9pt;"></font>*</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:371.29pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Accounting fees and expenses </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">$</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:21pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="position:relative;">&#8203;</font><font style="position:absolute;"><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:9pt;"></font>*</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:371.29pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Printing fees and expenses </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">$</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:21pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="position:relative;">&#8203;</font><font style="position:absolute;"><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:9pt;"></font>*</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:371.29pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Transfer agent and registrar fees and expenses </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">$</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:21pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="position:relative;">&#8203;</font><font style="position:absolute;"><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:9pt;"></font>*</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:371.29pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Trustee&#8217;s fees and expenses </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">$</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; min-width:21pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="position:relative;">&#8203;</font><font style="position:absolute;"><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:9pt;"></font>*</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;padding:3.5pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:371.29pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Miscellaneous expenses </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">$</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000; min-width:21pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="position:relative;">&#8203;</font><font style="position:absolute;"><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:9pt;"></font>*</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;background-color:#CCEEFF;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 3.25pt 0pt; width:371.29pt;text-align:left;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Total </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt;border-bottom:3pt double #000000; min-width:3.75pt; text-align:right; ">$</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt;border-bottom:3pt double #000000; min-width:21pt; text-align:right; white-space:nowrap;">
              <font style="position:relative;">&#8203;</font><font style="position:absolute;"><font style="font-weight:bold;font-size:9pt;"></font>*</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;padding-left:0pt;width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
        <div style="margin-top:5.7pt; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 108pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-top:8.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:20pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">*</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:8.2pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:20pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">These fees and expenses depend on the securities offered and the number of issuances and, accordingly, cannot be estimated at this time. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Item&#160;15.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Indemnification of Directors and Officers</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The New York Business Corporation Law (Sections&#160;721 through 726) permits a corporation to indemnify any of its directors and officers for acts performed in their capacities, subject to certain conditions. Paragraph 3 of the Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant provides that a director shall not be liable to the Registrant or its shareholders for damages for any breach of duty in such capacity except for liability if a judgment or other final adjudication adverse to the director establishes that his or her acts or omissions were in bad faith or involved intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law or that the director personally gained a financial profit or other advantage to which he or she was not legally entitled or that the director&#8217;s acts violated Section&#160;719 of the New York Business Corporation Law. Section&#160;17 of Article&#160;III of the Registrant&#8217;s Amended and Restated By-Laws provide for indemnification of directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by the New York Business Corporation Law. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Item&#160;16.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Exhibits</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The following exhibits are filed herewith or incorporated herein by reference (if otherwise specified below): </font>
        </div>
        <table style="width:456pt;height:158.5pt;margin-top:10pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:8pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Number </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Exhibit&#160;Title </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">1.1* </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Form of Underwriting Agreement </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4.1 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Certificate of Incorporation and Amendment</font><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:6.5pt;letter-spacing:0.15pt;">(1)</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4.2 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation, dated July&#160;20, 1994</font><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:6.5pt;letter-spacing:0.15pt;">(1)</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4.3 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation, dated October&#160;26, 1994</font><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:6.5pt;letter-spacing:0.15pt;">(1)</font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4.4 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/925528/0000891554-99-001626-index.htm">Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation dated March&#160;16, 1999</a><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:6.5pt;letter-spacing:0.15pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/925528/0000891554-99-001626-index.htm">(2)</a></font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4.5 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/925528/0000891554-99-001626-index.htm">Certificate of Correction of the Certificate of Amendment dated March&#160;25, 1999</a><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:6.5pt;letter-spacing:0.15pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/925528/0000891554-99-001626-index.htm">(2)</a></font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4.6 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/925528/0000891554-99-001626-index.htm">Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation dated March&#160;29, 1999</a><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:6.5pt;letter-spacing:0.15pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/925528/0000891554-99-001626-index.htm">(2)</a></font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4.7 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/925528/000089155401501914/d25356_ex3-8.txt">Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation dated February&#160;16, 2001</a><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:6.5pt;letter-spacing:0.15pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/925528/000089155401501914/d25356_ex3-8.txt">(3)</a></font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4.8 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/925528/000089155402001636/d50194_exh10-12.txt">Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation dated March&#160;20, 2002</a><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:6.5pt;letter-spacing:0.15pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/925528/000089155402001636/d50194_exh10-12.txt">(4)</a></font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4.9 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/925528/000116923203002893/d54978_ex3-9.txt">Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation dated January&#160;3, 2003</a><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:6.5pt;letter-spacing:0.15pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/925528/000116923203002893/d54978_ex3-9.txt">(5)</a></font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">II-1</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
    </div>
    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <table style="width:456pt;height:173.5pt;margin-top:0pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:8pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Number </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 2.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Exhibit&#160;Title </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4.10 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.25pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/925528/000114420415064117/v423337_ex3-1.htm">Certificate of Amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation dated September&#160;15, 2015</a><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:6.5pt;letter-spacing:0.15pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/925528/000114420415064117/v423337_ex3-1.htm">(6)</a></font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4.11 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/925528/000110465922029762/tm228197d1_ex3-1.htm">Amended and Restated By-Laws adopted March&#160;2, 2022</a><font style=" position:relative; bottom:4.25pt;font-size:6.5pt;letter-spacing:0.15pt;"><a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/925528/000110465922029762/tm228197d1_ex3-1.htm">(7)</a></font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4.12 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="tm2532784d2_ex4-12.htm">Form of Indenture</a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4.13* </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Form of Warrant Agreement </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">4.14* </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Form of Unit Agreement </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="margin-left:5pt;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">5.1 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="tm2532784d2_ex5-1.htm">Opinion of Wiggin and Dana LLP</a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">23.1 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="tm2532784d2_ex23-1.htm">Consent of BDO USA, P.C.</a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">23.2 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="tm2532784d2_ex5-1.htm">Consent of Wiggin and Dana LLP (included in Item&#160;5.1)</a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">24.1 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a href="#tSIG">Power of Attorney (included on the signature page of the Registration Statement)</a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <div style="text-align:justify;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">25.1** </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Form T-1 Statement of Eligibility of Trustee for Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:27.71pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">107 </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:3.5pt 0pt 1.5pt 0pt; width:416.29pt;">
              <div style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">
                <a style="-sec-extract:exhibit" href="tm2532784d1_ex-filingfees.htm">Filing Fee Table</a>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
        <div style="margin-top:12.4pt; width:456pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 108pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
        </div>
        <div style=" float:left; margin-top:7.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:20pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(1)</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:7.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:20pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company&#8217;s Registration Statement on Form SB-2 (No. 33-80279-NY). </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; line-height:12pt; margin-top:3.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:20pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(2)</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:3.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:20pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Incorporated by reference to the comparable exhibit filed with the Company&#8217;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended June&#160;30, 1999. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; line-height:12pt; margin-top:3.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:20pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(3)</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:3.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:20pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit&#160;3.8 filed with the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December&#160;31, 2000. </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; line-height:12pt; margin-top:3.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:20pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(4)</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:3.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:20pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit&#160;10.12 filed with the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December&#160;31, 2001. </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; line-height:12pt; margin-top:3.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:20pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(5)</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:3.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:20pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit&#160;3.9 filed with the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December&#160;31, 2002. </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; line-height:12pt; margin-top:3.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:20pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(6)</font>
          <br >
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        <div style=" margin-top:3.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:20pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit&#160;3.1 filed with the Company&#8217;s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September&#160;30, 2015. </font>
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        <div style=" float:left; line-height:12pt; margin-top:3.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:20pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(7)</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:3.9pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:20pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit&#160;3.1 filed with the Registrant&#8217;s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March&#160;3, 2022. </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; line-height:12pt; margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:20pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">*</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:20pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">To be filed, if applicable, by amendment or incorporated by reference pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K. </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style=" float:left; line-height:12pt; margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:20pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">**</font>
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        <div style=" margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:20pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">To be filed, if applicable, in accordance with the requirements of Section&#160;305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act and Rule&#160;5b-3 thereunder. </font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="margin-top:12pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">Item&#160;17.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Undertakings</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-left:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes: </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement: </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-left:40pt; margin-top:8pt; width:416pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to include any prospectus required by Section&#160;10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-left:20pt; text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule&#160;424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20&#160;percent change in maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the &#8220;Calculation of Filing Fee Tables&#8221; or &#8220;Calculation of Registration Fee&#8221; table, as applicable, in the effective registration statement; and </font>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
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      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">II-2</font>
          <br >
        </div>
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    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-left:20pt; text-indent:20pt; width:436pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(iii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement; </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="font-style:italic;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">provided, however</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">, that paragraphs (a)(i), (ii)&#160;and (iii)&#160;do not apply if the registration statement is on Form&#160;S-3 and the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the SEC by the Registrant pursuant to Section&#160;13 or Section&#160;15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule&#160;424(b) that is part of the registration statement. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial </font><font style="font-style:italic;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">bona fide</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> offering thereof. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(d)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser: </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-left:40pt; margin-top:8pt; width:416pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If the Registrant is relying on Rule&#160;430B: </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-left:40pt; text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:416pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(A)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule&#160;424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and </font>
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        <div style="margin-left:40pt; text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:416pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(B)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule&#160;424(b)(2), (b)(5) or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule&#160;430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule&#160;415(a)(1)(i), (vii)&#160;or (x)&#160;for the purpose of providing the information required by Section&#160;10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule&#160;430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial </font><font style="font-style:italic;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">bona fide</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> offering thereof. </font><font style="font-style:italic;letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Provided, however,</font><font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If the Registrant is subject to Rule&#160;430C, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule&#160;424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule&#160;430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule&#160;430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11.5pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That, for the purpose of determining liability of a Registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned Registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold </font>
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      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">II-3</font>
          <br >
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      <hr >
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    <div style="page-break-after:always; width:595.3pt;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:176pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned Registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser: </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-left:20pt; text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule&#160;424; </font>
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        <div style="margin-left:20pt; text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(ii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned Registrant; </font>
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        <div style="margin-left:20pt; text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(iii)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant; and </font>
        </div>
        <div style="margin-left:20pt; text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:436pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(iv)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned Registrant to the purchaser. </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the Registrant&#8217;s annual report pursuant to Section&#160;13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan&#8217;s annual report pursuant to Section&#160;15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a)&#160;of Section&#160;310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the SEC under Section&#160;305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act.</font>
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      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
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      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">II-4</font>
          <br >
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        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a><a name="tSIG">&#8203;</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
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      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">SIGNATURES</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the Borough of Woodcliff Lake, State of New Jersey, on the 16th day of December, 2025. </font>
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        <div style="margin-left:220pt; margin-top:8pt; width:236pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">HUDSON TECHNOLOGIES, INC.</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
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        <div style=" float:left; margin-left:220pt; line-height:12pt; margin-top:11.41pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-align:left; width:20pt;white-space:nowrap;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">By:</font>
          <br >
        </div>
        <div style=" margin-top:11.41pt; margin-bottom:0pt; line-height:12pt; text-align:left; margin-left:240pt;">
          <!--blacklining:none;-->
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Kenneth Gaglione</font>
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        <div style="clear:both; padding:0pt; margin:0pt;font-size:0pt;line-height:0pt;">&#8203;</div>
        <div style="margin-left:240pt; margin-top:1.9pt; width:216pt;">
          <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 216pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
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        <div style="margin-left:240pt; margin-top:1.4pt; width:216pt; line-height:11pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Kenneth Gaglione </font>
          <br >
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Chairman and Chief Executive Officer </font>
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        <div style="margin-top:12pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-weight:bold;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:-0.2pt;">POWER OF ATTORNEY</font><font style="font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:0.2pt;"> </font>
        </div>
        <div style="text-indent:20pt; margin-top:8pt; width:456pt; line-height:11pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Kenneth Gaglione and Brian J. Bertaux and each of them, his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power and substitution and resubstitution, for him or her or its and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities to sign any and all amendments (including, without limitation, post-effective amendments) to this Registration Statement and any registration statement filed under Rule&#160;462 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or his substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. </font>
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            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
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            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
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              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Date </font>
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            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
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          <tr style="line-height:12pt;height:63.25pt; white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:25.917pt 0pt 0.833pt 0pt; width:175.48pt;vertical-align:top;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Kenneth Gaglione</font>
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              <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:justify;">
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              <div style="margin-top:2pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Kenneth Gaglione </font>
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            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
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            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
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            <td style="padding:25.917pt 0pt 0.833pt 0pt; width:81.04pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">December&#160;16, 2025 </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;height:53pt; white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
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                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Brian J. Bertaux</font>
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              <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:justify;">
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              <div style="margin-top:2pt;">
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            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:26.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:175.48pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) </font>
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            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:26.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:81.04pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">December&#160;16, 2025 </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;height:53pt; white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:26.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:175.48pt;white-space:normal;vertical-align:top;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Vincent P. Abbatecola</font>
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              <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:justify;">
                <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 175.48pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
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            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:26.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:175.48pt;">
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            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:26.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:81.04pt;text-align:center;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">December&#160;16, 2025 </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;height:53pt; white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:26.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:175.48pt;white-space:normal;vertical-align:top;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Nicole Bulgarino</font>
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              <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:justify;">
                <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 175.48pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
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            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:26.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:175.48pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Director </font>
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            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:26.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:81.04pt;text-align:center;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">December&#160;16, 2025</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;height:53pt; white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:26.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:175.48pt;white-space:normal;vertical-align:top;">
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                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Kathleen Houghton</font>
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              <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:justify;">
                <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 175.48pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
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                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Kathleen Houghton</font>
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            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:26.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:175.48pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Director </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:26.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:81.04pt;text-align:center;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">December&#160;16, 2025 </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;height:12pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:26.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:175.48pt;white-space:normal;vertical-align:top;">
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                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Loan N. Mansy</font>
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              <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:justify;">
                <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 175.48pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
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                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Loan N. Mansy </font>
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            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:26.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:175.48pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Director </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:26.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:81.04pt;text-align:center;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">December&#160;16, 2025 </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
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      <div style="margin-top:2.00000000000002pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">II-5</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr >
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      <div style="padding:0pt;margin:0pt;font-family:calibri, arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size:8pt;line-height:8pt;">
        <a style="text-decoration:none;color:#003366;" href="#TOC">TABLE OF CONTENTS</a>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:15.85pt;height:24pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:17pt; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:6pt;margin-bottom:496.5pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <table style="width:456pt;height:116.5pt;margin-top:0pt;border-collapse: collapse;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
          <tr style="line-height:10pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:8pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 1.833pt 0pt; width:175.48pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center; line-height:9pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Name </font>
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            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 1.833pt 0pt; width:175.48pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center; line-height:9pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Title </font>
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            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding:0pt 0pt 1.833pt 0pt; width:81.04pt;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center; line-height:9pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:-0.16pt;">Date </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;height:53.25pt; white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:25.917pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:175.48pt;white-space:normal;vertical-align:top;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Richard Parrillo</font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:justify;">
                <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 175.48pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Richard Parrillo </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:25.917pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:175.48pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Director </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:25.917pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:81.04pt;text-align:center;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">December&#160;16, 2025 </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="line-height:12pt;height:12pt;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;color:#000000;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:26.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:175.48pt;white-space:normal;vertical-align:top;">
              <div>
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">/s/ Eric A. Prouty </font>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2.5pt; text-align:justify;">
                <div style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 175.48pt; margin-top: 0pt; font-size: 1pt; line-height: 0pt; border-bottom: 1pt solid #000000; ">&#8203;</div>
              </div>
              <div style="margin-top:2pt;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Eric A. Prouty </font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:26.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:175.48pt;">
              <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">Director </font>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:6pt;">&#8203;</td>
            <td style="padding:26.167pt 0pt 0.5pt 0pt; width:81.04pt;text-align:center;">
              <div style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:center;">
                <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">December&#160;16, 2025</font>
              </div>
            </td>
            <td style="padding:0pt; width:0pt;">&#8203;</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
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      <div style="margin-top:0pt;height:12pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">&#160;</font>
          <br >
        </div>
      </div>
      <div style="margin-top:2pt;margin-bottom:21.86pt;margin-left:69.66pt;width:456pt;">
        <div style="margin-top:5pt; text-align:center; width:456pt; line-height:12pt;font-family:Times New Roman, Times, serif ;font-size:10pt;">
          <font style="letter-spacing:0.2pt;">II-6</font>
          <br >
        </div>
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      <hr >
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-4.12
<SEQUENCE>2
<FILENAME>tm2532784d2_ex4-12.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 4.12
<TEXT>
<HTML>
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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><B><U>Exhibit 4.12</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>HUDSON TECHNOLOGIES, INC. </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">AND</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1pt solid; width: 100%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Trustee</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>INDENTURE </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Dated as of &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Debt Securities</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"></P>

<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV ALIGN="CENTER"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 1.5pt solid; width: 100%">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Reconciliation and tie between</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">and the Indenture</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="width: 83%"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; border-bottom: black 1pt solid"><B>Trust Indenture Act
        Section</B></P></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 2%"><B>&nbsp;</B></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 15%; border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Indenture</B></FONT><B><BR>
    <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section</FONT></B></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(S)310(a)(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">6.8</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">6.8</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">6.9</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(S)312(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7.1</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7.2</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7.2</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(S)313(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7.3</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7.3</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7.3</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7.3</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(S)314(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7.4</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(c)(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1.2</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(c)(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1.2</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1.2</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1.2</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(S)316(a) (last sentence)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1.1</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)(1)(A)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5.2,&nbsp;5.12</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)(1)(B)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5.13</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5.8</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(S)317(a)(1)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5.3</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(a)(2)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">5.4</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10.3</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(S)318(a)</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD NOWRAP STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1.8</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Note: This reconciliation and tie shall not, for any purpose, be
deemed to be part of the Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.75pt">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>TABLE OF CONTENTS </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 15%; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 75%; padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; width: 10%; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Page</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL APPLICATION</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Definitions; Rules of Construction</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">1</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Compliance Certificates and Opinions</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">7</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Acts of Holders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">8</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.5</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Notices, etc., to Trustee and Company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">9</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.6</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Notice to Holders of Securities; Waiver</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">9</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.7</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Language of Notices</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">9</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.8</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act; Trust Indenture Act Controls</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">9</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.9</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Effect of Headings and Table of Contents</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Successors and Assigns</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.11</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Separability Clause</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.12</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Benefits of Indenture</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.13</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Governing Law; Waiver of Trial by Jury</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.14</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Legal Holidays</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.15</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Counterparts</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.16</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Judgment Currency</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">10</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.17</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Limitation on Individual Liability</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">11</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECURITIES FORMS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">11</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Forms Generally</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">11</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form of Trustee&rsquo;s Certificate of Authentication</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">11</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Securities in Global Form</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">THE SECURITIES</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">12</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Currency; Denominations</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Execution; Authentication; Delivery and Dating</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Temporary Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">15</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.5</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Registration; Transfer and Exchange</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">16</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.6</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">18</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;<B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>TABLE OF CONTENTS </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">(continued)</P>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 15%; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 75%; padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Page</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 3.7</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Payment of Interest and Certain Additional Amounts; Rights to Interest and Certain Additional Amounts Preserved</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">19</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 3.8</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Persons Deemed Owners</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 3.9</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Cancellation</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 3.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Computation of Interest</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 3.11</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">CUSIP and ISIN Numbers</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 4.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Satisfaction and Discharge</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">20</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 4.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">21</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 4.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Application of Trust Money</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">23</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 4.4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Qualifying Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">24</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 5</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">REMEDIES</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">24</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 5.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Events of Default</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">24</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 5.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 5.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">25</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 5.4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Trustee May File Proofs of Claim</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 5.5</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Trustee May Enforce Claims without Possession of Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 5.6</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Application of Money Collected</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">26</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 5.7</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Limitations on Suits</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 5.8</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and any Premium, Interest and Additional Amounts</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 5.9</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Restoration of Rights and Remedies</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 5.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Rights and Remedies Cumulative</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 5.11</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Delay or Omission Not Waiver</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">27</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 5.12</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Control by Holders of Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 5.13</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Waiver of Past or Existing Defaults</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 5.14</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 5.15</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Undertaking for Costs</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">28</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;<B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>TABLE OF CONTENTS </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">(continued)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 15%; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 75%; padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Page</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 6</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">THE TRUSTEE</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 6.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Certain Duties and Responsibilities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 6.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Certain Rights of Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">29</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 6.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Notice of Defaults</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">31</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 6.4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">31</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 6.5</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">May Hold Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">31</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 6.6</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Money Held in Trust</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">31</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 6.7</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Compensation and Reimbursement</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">31</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 6.8</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility; Conflicting Interests</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">32</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 6.9</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">32</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 6.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Acceptance of Appointment by Successor</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">33</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 6.11</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Merger; Conversion; Consolidation; or Succession to Business</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 6.12</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Appointment of Authenticating Agent</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">34</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 7</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">HOLDERS LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND COMPANY</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">35</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 7.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">35</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 7.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 7.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Reports by Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 7.4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Reports by Company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 8</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">CONSOLIDATION, MERGER AND SALES</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 8.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Company May Consolidate, etc., Only on Certain Terms</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">36</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 8.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Successor Person Substituted for Company</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">37</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 9</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">37</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 9.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">37</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 9.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Holders</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">38</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 9.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Execution of Supplemental Indentures</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">39</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 9.4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Revocation of Consents</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">39</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>TABLE OF CONTENTS </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">(continued)</P>

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<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 15%; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 75%; padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Page</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 9.5</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Effect of Supplemental Indentures</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">39</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 9.6</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">40</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 9.7</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Conformity with Trust Indenture Act</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">40</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 9.8</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Notice of Supplemental Indenture</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">40</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 10</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">COVENANTS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">40</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 10.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Payment of Principal, any Premium, Interest and Additional Amounts</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">40</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 10.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Maintenance of Office or Agency</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">40</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 10.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">40</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 10.4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Additional Amounts</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">41</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 10.5</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Waiver of Certain Covenants</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">42</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 10.6</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Company Statement as to Compliance</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">42</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 11</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">42</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 11.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Applicability of Article</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">42</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 11.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">42</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 11.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Selection by Trustee of Securities to be Redeemed</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">43</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 11.4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Notice of Redemption</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">43</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 11.5</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Deposit of Redemption Price</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">44</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 11.6</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Securities Payable on Redemption Date</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">44</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 11.7</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Securities Redeemed in Part</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">44</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 11.8</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Repurchases on the Open Market</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">44</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 12</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SINKING FUNDS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">44</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 12.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Applicability of Article</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">44</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 12.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">45</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 12.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">45</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 13</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">REPAYMENT AT THE OPTION OF HOLDERS</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">45</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 13.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Applicability of Article</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">45</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 14</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">SECURITIES IN FOREIGN CURRENCIES</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">46</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 14.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Applicability of Article</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">46</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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    <TD STYLE="width: 15%; padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 75%; padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 10%; text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>Page</B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">ARTICLE 15</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">MEETINGS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">46</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 15.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Purposes for Which Meetings May Be Called</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">46</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 15.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Call, Notice and Place of Meetings</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">46</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 15.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Persons Entitled to Vote at Meetings</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">46</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 15.4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Quorum; Action</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">46</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 15.5</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Determination of Voting Rights; Conduct and Adjournment of Meetings</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">47</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section 15.6</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Counting Votes and Recording Action of Meetings</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">47</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">INDENTURE (the &ldquo;<U>Indenture</U>&rdquo;), dated as of &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;,
between Hudson Technologies, Inc., a corporation existing under the laws of the State of New York (the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;),
and &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;, as
trustee (the &ldquo;<U>Trustee</U>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">RECITALS</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this
Indenture to provide for the issuance from time to time of its debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness (hereinafter
called the &ldquo;<U>Securities</U>&rdquo;), unlimited as to principal amount, to bear such rates of interest, to mature at such
time or times, to be issued in one or more series and to have such other provisions as shall be fixed as hereinafter provided.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">All things necessary to make this Indenture a valid and legally
binding agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">NOW, THEREFORE, THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">For and in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the
Securities by the Holders (as herein defined) thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed, for the equal and proportionate benefit
of all Holders of the Securities or of any series thereof as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 1 </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>DEFINITIONS AND OTHER PROVISIONS OF GENERAL
APPLICATION </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Definitions; Rules of Construction</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Except as otherwise expressly provided in or pursuant to this Indenture
or unless the context otherwise requires, for all purposes of this Indenture:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) the terms defined in this Article 1 have the meanings assigned
to them in this Article 1, and include the plural as well as the singular;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) all other terms used herein that are defined in the Trust Indenture
Act, either directly or by reference therein, have the meanings assigned to them therein;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(3) all accounting terms not otherwise defined herein have the meanings
assigned to them in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and, except as otherwise herein expressly provided,
the terms &ldquo;generally accepted accounting principles&rdquo; or &ldquo;GAAP&rdquo; with respect to any computation required
or permitted hereunder shall mean such accounting principles as are generally accepted as of the date hereof;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(4) the words &ldquo;herein,&rdquo; &ldquo;hereof,&rdquo; &ldquo;hereto&rdquo;
and &ldquo;hereunder&rdquo; and other words of similar import refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article,
Section or other subdivision;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(5) the word &ldquo;or&rdquo; is always used inclusively (for example,
the phrase &ldquo;A or B&rdquo; means &ldquo;A or B or both,&rdquo; not &ldquo;either A or B but not both&rdquo;);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(6) provisions apply to successive events and transactions;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(7) any reference to gender includes the masculine, feminine and
the neuter, as the case may be;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(8) references to agreements and other instruments include subsequent
amendments thereto and restatements thereof;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(9) &ldquo;including&rdquo; means &ldquo;including without limitation&rdquo;;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(10) all exhibits are incorporated by reference herein and expressly
made a part of this Indenture;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(11) all references to articles, sections and exhibits (and subparts
thereof) are to this Indenture; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(12) any transaction or event shall be considered &ldquo;permitted
by&rdquo; or made &ldquo;in accordance with&rdquo; or &ldquo;in compliance with&rdquo; this Indenture or any particular provision
thereof if such transaction or event is not expressly prohibited by this Indenture or such provision, as the case may be.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Certain terms used principally in certain Articles hereof are defined
in those Articles.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Act</U>,&rdquo; when used with respect to any Holders,
has the meaning specified in Section&nbsp;1.4.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Additional Amounts</U>&rdquo; means any additional amounts
which are required by this Indenture or by any Security, under circumstances specified herein or therein, to be paid by the Company
in respect of certain taxes, assessments or other governmental charges imposed on Holders specified therein and which are owing
to such Holders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Additional Interest</U>&rdquo; means any additional interest
which is required by any Security to be paid as a result of a failure on the part of the Company duly to observe or perform the
covenants and agreements set forth in Section&nbsp;7.4.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Affiliate</U>&rdquo; of any specified Person means any
other Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with such specified
Person. For the purposes of this definition, &ldquo;control,&rdquo; when used with respect to any specified Person, means the power
to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities,
by contract or otherwise; and the terms &ldquo;controlling&rdquo; and &ldquo;controlled&rdquo; have the meanings correlative to
the foregoing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Applicable Procedures</U>&rdquo; means, with respect to
any transfer or exchange of or for beneficial interests in any Global Security, the rules and procedures of the Depositary that
apply to such transfer or exchange at the relevant time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Authenticating Agent</U>&rdquo; means any Person authorized
by the Trustee pursuant to Section&nbsp;6.12 to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of one or more series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Authorized Newspaper</U>&rdquo; means a newspaper, in
an official language of the place of publication or in the English language, customarily published on each day that is a Business
Day in the place of publication, whether or not published on days that are Legal Holidays in the place of publication, and of general
circulation in each place in connection with which the term is used or in the financial community of each such place. Where successive
publications are required to be made in Authorized Newspapers, the successive publications may be made in the same or in different
newspapers in the same city meeting the foregoing requirements and in each case on any day that is a Business Day in the place
of publication. If it shall be impractical in the opinion of the Trustee to make any publication of any notice required hereby
in an Authorized Newspaper, any publication or other notice in lieu thereof which is made or given with the approval of the Trustee
shall constitute a sufficient publication of such notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><I>&ldquo;</I><U>Board of Directors</U>&rdquo; means:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) with respect to the Company, the board of directors of the Company
or any committee of the board of directors of the Company duly authorized to act generally or in any particular respect for the
Company under this Indenture;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) with respect to any other corporation, the board of directors
of the corporation or any authorized committee thereof;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(3) with respect to a limited liability company, the managing member
or managing members of such limited liability company or any authorized committee thereof;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(4) with respect to a partnership, the board of directors of the
general partner of the partnership or any authorized committee thereof; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(5) with respect to any other Person, the board or committee of
such Person serving a similar function.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Board Resolution</U>&rdquo; means a copy of one or more
resolutions (which may be standing resolutions), certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been
duly adopted by the Board of Directors of the Company and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification, and
delivered to the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Business Day</U>&rdquo; means, unless otherwise specified
with respect to any Securities pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1, each day that is not a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which banking
institutions in New York, New York or another Place of Payment are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order
to close.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Commission</U>&rdquo; means the Securities and Exchange
Commission, as from time to time constituted, created under the Exchange Act or any successor agency.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Common Stock</U>&rdquo; includes any stock of any class
of the Company which has no preference in respect of dividends or of amounts payable in the event of any voluntary or involuntary
liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo; means the Person named as the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;
in the first paragraph of this Indenture until a successor Person shall have become such pursuant to the applicable provisions
of this Indenture, and thereafter &ldquo;Company&rdquo; shall mean such successor Person.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Company Request</U>&rdquo; and &ldquo;<U>Company Order</U>&rdquo;
mean, respectively, a written request or order, as the case may be, signed in the name of the Company by the Chairman of the Board
of Directors of the Company, a Vice Chairman, the President, a Vice President, the Treasurer, the Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary
or the Assistant Secretary or other person authorized by resolution of the Board of Directors of the Company, and delivered to
the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Corporate Trust Office</U>&rdquo; means the designated
office of the Trustee at which the corporate trust business of the Trustee shall at any particular time be administered, which
office at the date of original execution of this Indenture is located at.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Corporation</U>&rdquo; includes corporations and limited
liability companies and, except for purposes of Article 8, associations, companies (other than limited liability companies) and
business trusts.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Currency</U>&rdquo; means, with respect to any payment,
deposit or other transfer in respect of the principal of or any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to
any Security, Dollars or Foreign Currency, as the case may be, in which such payment, deposit or other transfer is required to
be made by or pursuant to the terms hereof or such Security and, with respect to any other payment, deposit or transfer pursuant
to or contemplated by the terms hereof or such Security, means Dollars.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>CUSIP number</U>&rdquo; means the alphanumeric designation
assigned to a Security by Standard&nbsp;&amp; Poor&rsquo;s Corporation, CUSIP Service Bureau.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Defaulted Interest</U>&rdquo; has the meaning specified
in Section&nbsp;3.7.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Definitive Security</U>&rdquo; means a certificated Security
registered in the name of the Holder thereof (other than a Depositary or its nominee) issued under this Indenture pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1
and Section&nbsp;3.5.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Dollars</U>&rdquo; or &ldquo;<U>$</U>&rdquo; means a dollar
or other equivalent unit of legal tender for payment of public or private debts in the United States of America.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Event of Default</U>&rdquo; has the meaning specified
in Section&nbsp;5.1.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Exchange Act</U>&rdquo; means the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, as amended, or any successor thereto, in each case as amended from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Foreign Currency</U>&rdquo; means any currency, currency
unit or composite currency, including, without limitation, the euro, issued by the government of one or more countries other than
the United States of America or by any recognized confederation or association of such governments.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>GAAP</U>&rdquo; means generally accepted accounting principles
in the United States, which are in effect from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Global Security</U>&rdquo; means a Security issued under
this Indenture in global form pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1, bearing the legend set forth in Section&nbsp;2.3 and deposited with,
or on behalf of, and registered in the name of, the Depositary or its nominee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Government Obligations</U>&rdquo; means securities
which are (i)&nbsp;direct obligations of the United States of America or the other government or governments in the
confederation which issued the Foreign Currency in which the principal of or any premium or interest on any Security or any
Additional Amounts in respect thereof shall be payable, in each case where the payment or payments thereunder are supported
by the full faith and credit of the United States or such government or governments or (ii)&nbsp;obligations of a Person
controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America or such other
government or governments, in each case where the timely payment or payments thereunder are unconditionally guaranteed as a
full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America or such other government or governments, and which, in the
case of (i)&nbsp;or (ii), are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer or issuers thereof, and shall also
include a Depositary receipt issued by a bank or trust company as custodian with respect to any such Government Obligation or
a specific payment of interest on or principal of or other amount with respect to any such Government Obligation held by such
custodian for the account of the holder of a Depositary receipt, provided that (except as required by law) such custodian is
not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such Depositary receipt from any amount
received by the custodian in respect of the Government Obligation or the specific payment of interest on or principal of or
other amount with respect to the Government Obligation evidenced by such Depositary receipt.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Holder</U>&rdquo; means, in the case of any Registered
Security, the Person in whose name such Security is registered in the Security Register.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Indenture</U>&rdquo; means this instrument as it may from
time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions
hereof and, with respect to any Security of any series, by the terms</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">and provisions of such Security established pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1
(as such terms and provisions may be amended pursuant to the applicable provisions hereof); provided, however, that, if at any
time more than one Person is acting as Trustee under this instrument, &ldquo;Indenture&rdquo; shall mean, with respect to any one
or more series of Securities for which such Person is Trustee, this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to
time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into pursuant to the applicable provisions
hereof and shall include the terms of those particular series of Securities for which such Person is Trustee established pursuant
to Section&nbsp;3.1, exclusive, however, of any provisions or terms which relate solely to other series of Securities for which
such Person is not Trustee, regardless of when such terms or provisions were adopted.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm</U>&rdquo;
means a firm of accountants that, with respect to the Company and any other obligor under the Securities, is an independent registered
public accounting firm within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated
by the Commission thereunder, who may be the independent registered public accounting firm regularly retained by the Company or
who may be another independent registered public accounting firm. Such firm shall be entitled to rely upon any Opinion of Counsel
as to the interpretation of any legal matters relating to this Indenture or certificates required to be provided hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Indexed Security</U>&rdquo; means a Security the terms
of which provide that the principal amount thereof payable at Stated Maturity may be more or less than the principal face amount
thereof at original issuance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Indirect Participant</U>&rdquo; means an entity that,
with respect to any Depositary, clears through or maintains a direct or indirect, custodial relationship with a Participant.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>interest</U>&rdquo; means any interest specified in any
Security as being payable with respect to that Security, including any Additional Interest when used with respect to a Security
which provides for the payment of Additional Interest, and, with respect to any Original Issue Discount Security, which by its
terms bears interest only after Maturity, means interest payable after Maturity and, when used with respect to a Security which
provides for the payment of Additional Amounts pursuant to Section&nbsp;10.4, includes such Additional Amounts.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Interest Payment Date</U>&rdquo; means, with respect to
any Security, the Stated Maturity of an installment of interest on such Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Judgment Currency</U>&rdquo; has the meaning specified
in Section&nbsp;1.16.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Legal Holiday</U>&rdquo; has the meaning specified in
Section&nbsp;1.14.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Maturity</U>&rdquo; means, with respect to any Security,
the date on which the principal of such Security or an installment of principal becomes due and payable as provided in or pursuant
to this Indenture, whether at the Stated Maturity or by declaration of acceleration, notice of redemption or repurchase, notice
of option to elect repayment or otherwise, and includes the Redemption Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>New York Banking Day</U>&rdquo; has the meaning specified
in Section&nbsp;1.16.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Office</U>&rdquo; or &ldquo;<U>Agency</U>,&rdquo; means,
with respect to any Securities, an office or agency of the Company maintained or designated as a Place of Payment for such Securities
pursuant to Section&nbsp;10.2 or any other office or agency of the Company maintained or designated for such Securities pursuant
to Section&nbsp;10.2 or, to the extent designated or required by Section&nbsp;10.2 in lieu of such office or agency, the Corporate
Trust Office of the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Officer</U>&rdquo; means, with respect to any Person,
the Chairman of the Board of Directors, a Vice Chairman, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, any Vice President (without
regard to qualifiers such as &ldquo;Executive&rdquo; or &ldquo;Senior&rdquo;), the Chief Operating Officer, the Chief Financial
Officer, the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer, the Controller, the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of such Person or other
Person authorized by resolution of the Board of Directors of such Person.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Officer&rsquo;s Certificate</U>&rdquo; means a certificate
signed by an Officer, that, if applicable, complies with the requirements of Section&nbsp;314(e) of the Trust Indenture Act and
is delivered to the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Opinion of Counsel</U>&rdquo; means a written opinion
of counsel, who may be an employee of or counsel for the Company or other counsel that, if applicable, complies with the requirements
of Section&nbsp;314(e) of the Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Original Issue Discount Security</U>&rdquo; means a Security
issued pursuant to this Indenture that provides, at any time prior to the final Stated Maturity of such Security, for declaration
of an amount less than the principal amount thereof to be due and payable upon acceleration pursuant to Section&nbsp;5.2.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Outstanding</U>&rdquo; means, when used with respect to
any Securities, as of the date of determination, all such Securities theretofore authenticated and delivered under this Indenture,
except:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) any such Security theretofore cancelled by the Trustee or delivered
to the Trustee for cancellation including Securities tendered and exchanged for other securities of the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) any such Security of any series for which payment at the Maturity
thereof money in the necessary amount has been theretofore deposited pursuant hereto (other than pursuant to Section&nbsp;4.2)
with the Trustee or any Paying Agent (other than the Company) in trust or set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if
the Company shall act as its own Paying Agent) for the Holders of such series of Securities, provided that, if such Securities
are to be redeemed, notice of such redemption has been duly given pursuant to this Indenture or provision therefor satisfactory
to the Trustee has been made;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(3) any such Security of any series with respect to which the Company
has effected defeasance or covenant defeasance pursuant to the terms hereof, except to the extent provided in Section&nbsp;4.2;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(4) any such Security which has been paid pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.6
or in exchange for or in lieu of which other Securities have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to this Indenture, unless
there shall have been presented to the Trustee proof satisfactory to it that such Security is held by a &ldquo;protected purchaser&rdquo;
(as such term is defined in the New York Uniform Commercial Code) in whose hands such Security is a valid obligation of the Company;
and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(5) any such Security converted or exchanged as contemplated by
this Indenture into Common Stock or other securities, cash or other property, if the terms of such Security provide for such conversion
or exchange pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">provided, however, that in determining whether the Holders of the
requisite principal amount of Outstanding Securities of any series have given any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent or waiver hereunder or are present at a meeting of Holders of Securities of such series for quorum purposes, (i)&nbsp;the
principal amount of an Original Issue Discount Security that may be counted in making such determination and that shall be deemed
to be Outstanding for such purposes shall be equal to the amount of the principal thereof that pursuant to the terms of such Original
Issue Discount Security would be declared (or shall have been declared to be) due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration
thereof pursuant to Section&nbsp;5.2 at the time of such determination, and (ii)&nbsp;the principal amount of any Indexed Security
that may be counted in making such determination and that shall be deemed Outstanding for such purpose shall be equal to the principal
face amount of such Indexed Security at original issuance, unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, and (iii)&nbsp;the
principal amount of a Security denominated in a Foreign Currency shall be the Dollar equivalent, determined on the date of original
issuance of such Security, of the principal amount (or, in the case of an Original Issue Discount Security, the Dollar equivalent
on the date of original issuance of such Security of the amount determined as provided in (i)&nbsp;above) of such Security, and
(iv)&nbsp;Securities owned by the Company or any other obligor upon the Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or such other
obligor, shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding, except that, in determining whether the Trustee shall be protected
in making any such determination or relying upon any such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent or waiver,
only Securities which a Responsible Officer actually knows to be so owned shall be so disregarded. Securities so owned which shall
have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding if the pledgee establishes to the satisfaction of a Responsible
Officer (A)&nbsp;the pledgee&rsquo;s right so to act with respect to such Securities and (B)&nbsp;that the pledgee is not the Company
or any other obligor upon the Securities or an Affiliate of the Company or such other obligor.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Participant</U>&rdquo; means, with respect to the Depositary,
a Person who has an account with the Depositary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Paying Agent</U>&rdquo; means any Person authorized by
the Company to pay the principal of, or any premium or interest on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to, any Security on
behalf of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Person</U>&rdquo; or &ldquo;<U>person</U>&rdquo; means
any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, joint-stock company, association, trust, unincorporated organization,
limited liability company or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Place of Payment</U>&rdquo; means, with respect to any
Security, the place or places where the principal of, or any premium or interest on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to
such Security are payable as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or such Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Predecessor Security</U>&rdquo; of any particular Security
means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same indebtedness as that evidenced by such particular Security;
and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section&nbsp;3.6 in exchange for or in
lieu of a lost, destroyed, mutilated or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same indebtedness as the lost, destroyed,
mutilated or stolen Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Redemption Date</U>&rdquo; means, with respect to any
Security or portion thereof to be redeemed, each date fixed for such redemption by or pursuant to this Indenture or such Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Redemption Price</U>&rdquo; means, with respect to any
Security or portion thereof to be redeemed, the price at which it is to be redeemed including, if applicable, accrued and unpaid
interest and Additional Amounts as determined by or pursuant to this Indenture or such Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Registered Security</U>&rdquo; means any Security established
pursuant to Section&nbsp;2.1 which is registered in the Security Register.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Regular Record Date</U>&rdquo; for the interest payable
on any Registered Security on any Interest Payment Date therefor means the date, if any, specified in or pursuant to this Indenture
or such Security as the &ldquo;Regular Record Date.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Required Currency</U>&rdquo; has the meaning specified
in Section&nbsp;1.16.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Responsible Officer</U>&rdquo; means any officer of the
Trustee in its Corporate Trust Office with direct responsibility for the administration of this Indenture, and also, with respect
to a particular corporate trust matter, any other officer of the Trustee to whom such matter is referred because of such officer&rsquo;s
knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Security</U>&rdquo; or &ldquo;<U>Securities</U>&rdquo;
means any note or notes, bond or bonds, debenture or debentures, or any other evidences of indebtedness, as the case may be, authenticated
and delivered under this Indenture; provided, however, that, if at any time there is more than one Person acting as Trustee under
this Indenture, &ldquo;Securities,&rdquo; with respect to any such Person, shall mean Securities authenticated and delivered under
this Indenture, exclusive, however, of Securities of any series as to which such Person is not Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Security Register</U>,&rdquo; &ldquo;<U>Security Registrar</U>&rdquo;
and &ldquo;<U>Registrar</U>&rdquo; have the respective meanings specified in Section&nbsp;3.5.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>series</U>&rdquo; means a series of Securities established
under this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Special Record Date</U>&rdquo; for the payment of any
Defaulted Interest on any Registered Security means a date fixed by the Trustee pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.7.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Stated Maturity</U>&rdquo; means, with respect to any
Security or any installment of principal thereof or interest thereon or any Additional Amounts with respect thereto, the date established
by or pursuant to this Indenture or such Security as the fixed date on which the principal of such Security or such installment
of principal or interest is, or such Additional Amounts are, due and payable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Trust Indenture Act</U>&rdquo; or &ldquo;<U>TIA</U>&rdquo;
means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, and any reference herein to the Trust Indenture Act or a particular provision
thereof shall mean such Act or provision, as the case may be, as amended or replaced from time to time or as supplemented from
time to time by rules or regulations adopted by the Commission under or in furtherance of the purposes of such Act or provision,
as the case may be.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Trustee</U>&rdquo; means the Person named as the &ldquo;Trustee&rdquo;
in the first paragraph of this instrument until a successor Trustee shall have become such with respect to one or more series of
Securities pursuant to the applicable provisions of this Indenture, and thereafter</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;Trustee&rdquo; shall mean each Person who is then a Trustee
hereunder; provided, however, that if at any time there is more than one such Person, &ldquo;Trustee&rdquo; shall mean each such
Person and as used with respect to the Securities of any series shall mean only the Trustee with respect to the Securities of such
series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>United States</U>&rdquo; means, except as otherwise provided
in or pursuant to this Indenture or any Security, the United States of America (including the states thereof and the District of
Columbia), its territories and possessions and other areas subject to its jurisdiction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>United States Alien</U>&rdquo; means, except as otherwise
provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or any Security, any Person who, for United States federal income tax purposes, is a
foreign corporation, a non-resident alien individual, a non-resident alien fiduciary of a foreign estate or trust, or a foreign
partnership one or more of the members of which is, for United States federal income tax purposes, a foreign corporation, a non-resident
alien individual or a non-resident alien fiduciary of a foreign estate or trust.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>U.S. Depositary</U>&rdquo; or &ldquo;<U>Depositary</U>&rdquo;
means, with respect to any Security issuable or issued in the form of one or more Global Securities, the Person designated as U.S.
Depositary or Depositary by the Company in or pursuant to this Indenture, which Person</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">must be, to the extent required by applicable law or regulation,
a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act and, if so provided with respect to any Security, any successor to such Person.
If at any time there is more than one such Person, &ldquo;U.S. Depositary&rdquo; or &ldquo;Depositary&rdquo; shall mean, with respect
to any Securities, the qualifying entity which has been appointed with respect to such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Vice President</U>&rdquo; means, when used with respect
to the Company or the Trustee, any vice president, whether or not designated by a number or a word or words added before or after
the title &ldquo;Vice President.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Compliance Certificates and Opinions</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Except as otherwise expressly provided in or pursuant to this Indenture,
upon any application or request by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any provision of this Indenture, the Company
shall furnish to the Trustee an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate stating that all conditions precedent, if any, provided for in this
Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that, in the opinion of such
counsel, all such conditions precedent, if any, have been complied with, except that in the case of any such application or request
as to which the furnishing of such documents or any of them is specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating
to such particular application or request, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Every certificate or opinion with respect to compliance with a condition
or covenant or covenant provided for in this Indenture (other than a certificate delivered pursuant to Section&nbsp;10.6) shall
include:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) a statement that each individual signing such certificate or
opinion has read such condition or covenant and the definitions herein relating thereto;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination
or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(3) a statement that, in the opinion of each such individual, he
or she has made such examination or investigation as is necessary to enable him or her to express an informed opinion as to whether
or not such condition or covenant has been complied with; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(4) a statement as to whether, in the opinion of each such individual,
such condition or covenant has been complied with.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Form of Documents Delivered to Trustee</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">In any case where several matters are required to be certified by,
or covered by an opinion of, any specified Person, it is not necessary that all such matters be certified by, or covered by the
opinion of, only one such Person, or that they be so certified or covered by only one document, but one such Person may certify
or give an opinion with respect to some matters and one or more other such Persons as to other matters, and any such Person may
certify or give an opinion as to such matters in one or several documents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Any certificate or opinion of an Officer of the Company may be based,
insofar as it relates to legal matters, upon an Opinion of Counsel, unless such Officer knows that the opinion with respect to
the matters upon which his certificate or opinion is based are erroneous. Any such Opinion of Counsel may be based, insofar as
it relates to factual matters, upon a certificate or opinion of, or representations by, an Officer or Officers of the Company stating
that the information with respect to such factual matters is in the possession of the Company unless such counsel knows that the
certificate or opinion or representations with respect to such matters are erroneous. Any certificate, statement or opinion of
an Officer of the Company or any Opinion of Counsel may be based, insofar as it relates to accounting matters, upon a certificate
or opinion of or representations by an accountant or firm of accountants in the employ of the Company, unless such Officer or counsel,
as the case may be, knows that the certificate or opinion or representations with respect to the accounting matters upon which
his certificate, statement or opinion may be based as aforesaid are erroneous.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Where any Person is required to make, give or execute two or more
applications, requests, consents, certificates, statements, opinions or other instruments under this Indenture or any Security,
they may, but need not, be consolidated and form one instrument.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Acts of Holders</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent,
waiver or other action provided by or pursuant to this Indenture to be given or taken by Holders may be embodied in and evidenced
by one or more instruments (including instruments in electronic, digital or other machine-readable form) of substantially similar
tenor signed by such Holders (whether in person or through signatures in electronic, digital or other machine-readable form) or
by an agent duly appointed in writing (including writings in electronic, digital or other machine-readable form) or may be embodied
in and evidenced by the record of Holders voting in favor thereof, either in person or by proxies duly appointed in writing, at
any meeting of Holders duly called and held in accordance with the provisions of Article 15, or a combination of such instruments
or record. Except as herein otherwise expressly provided, such action shall become effective when such instrument or instruments
or record or both are delivered to the Trustee and, where it is hereby expressly required, to the Company. Such instrument or instruments
or record or both (and the action embodied therein and evidenced thereby) are herein sometimes referred to as the &ldquo;<U>Act</U>&rdquo;
of the Holders signing such instrument or instruments or so voting at any such meeting. Proof of execution of any such instrument
or of a writing appointing any such agent, or of the holding by any Person of a Security, shall be sufficient for any purpose of
this Indenture and (subject to Section&nbsp;315 of the Trust Indenture Act) conclusive in favor of the Trustee and the Company
and any agent of the Trustee or the Company, if made in the manner provided in this Section&nbsp;1.4. The record of any meeting
of Holders of Securities shall be proved in the manner provided in Section&nbsp;15.6.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Without limiting the generality of this Section&nbsp;1.4, unless
otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, a Holder, including a U.S. Depositary that is a Holder of a Global Security,
may make, give or take, by a proxy or proxies, duly appointed in writing, any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice,
consent, waiver or other Act provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the Securities to be made, given or taken by Holders,
and a U.S. Depositary that is a Holder of a Global Security may provide its proxy or proxies to the beneficial owners of interests
in any such Global Security through such U.S. Depositary&rsquo;s standing instructions and customary practices.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Trustee may fix a record date for the purpose of determining
the Persons who are beneficial owners of interests in any permanent Global Security held by a U.S. Depositary entitled under the
procedures of such U.S. Depositary to make, give or take, by a proxy or proxies duly appointed in writing, any request, demand,
authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act provided in or pursuant to this Indenture to be made, given or taken
by Holders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) The fact and date of the execution by any Person of any such
instrument or writing referred to in this Section&nbsp;1.4 may be proved in any reasonable manner which the Trustee deems sufficient
and in accordance with such reasonable rules as the Trustee may determine; and the Trustee may in any instance require further
proof with respect to any of the matters referred to in this Section&nbsp;1.4.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(3) The ownership, principal amount and serial numbers of Registered
Securities held by any Person, and the date of the commencement and the date of the termination of holding the same, shall be proved
by the Security Register.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(4) If the Company shall solicit from the Holders of any Registered
Securities any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, the Company may, at its option
(but is not obligated to), by Board Resolution, fix in advance a record date for the determination of Holders of Registered Securities
entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act. If such a record date is
fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act may be given before or after such record
date, but only the Holders of Registered Securities of record at the close of business on such record date shall be deemed to be
Holders for the purpose of determining whether Holders of the requisite proportion of Outstanding Securities have authorized or
agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act, and for that purpose
the Outstanding Securities shall be computed as of such record date; provided that no such authorization, agreement or consent
by the Holders of Registered Securities shall be deemed effective unless it shall become effective pursuant to the provisions of
this Indenture not later than six months after the record date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(5) Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent,
waiver or other Act by the Holder of any Security shall bind every future Holder of the same Security and the Holder of every Security
issued upon the registration of transfer thereof or in exchange therefor or in lieu thereof in respect of anything done or suffered
to be done by the Trustee, any Security Registrar, any Paying Agent or the Company in reliance thereon, whether or not notation
of such Act is made upon such Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.5</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Notices, etc., to Trustee and Company</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent,
waiver or other Act of Holders or other document provided or permitted by this Indenture to be made upon, given or furnished to,
or filed with:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) the Trustee by any Holder or the Company shall be sufficient
for every purpose hereunder if made, given, furnished or filed in writing (which may be via facsimile) to or with the Trustee at
its Corporate Trust Office; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) the Company by the Trustee or any Holder shall be sufficient
for every purpose hereunder (unless otherwise herein expressly provided) if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid
or airmail postage prepaid if sent from outside the United States, to the Company addressed to the attention of its Treasurer (with
a copy to the General Counsel) at the address of its principal office specified in the first paragraph of this instrument or at
any other address previously furnished in writing to the Trustee by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.6</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Notice to Holders of Securities; Waiver</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Except as otherwise expressly provided in or pursuant to this Indenture,
where this Indenture provides for notice to Holders of Securities of all or any series of any event, such notice shall be sufficiently
given to Holders of Registered Securities of such series if in writing and mailed, first-class postage prepaid, to each Holder
of a Registered Security affected by such event, at his address as it appears in the Security Register, not later than the latest
date, and not earlier than the earliest date, prescribed for the giving of such notice. In any case where notice to Holders of
Registered Securities is given by mail, neither the failure to mail such notice, nor any defect in any notice so mailed, to any
particular Holder of a Registered Security shall affect the sufficiency of such notice with respect to other Holders of Registered
Securities given as provided herein. Any notice which is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to
have been duly given or provided. In the case by reason of the suspension of regular mail service or by reason of any other cause
it shall be impracticable to give such notice by mail, then such notification as shall be made with the approval of the Trustee
shall constitute a sufficient notification for every purpose hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Where this Indenture provides for notice in any manner, such notice
may be waived in writing by the Person entitled to receive such notice, either before or after the event, and such waiver shall
be the equivalent of such notice. Waivers of notice by Holders of Securities shall be filed with the Trustee, but such filing shall
not be a condition precedent to the validity of any action taken in reliance upon such waiver.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.7</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Language of Notices</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent,
election or waiver required or permitted under this Indenture shall be in the English language, except that, if the Company so
elects, any published notice may be in an official language of the country of publication (with a copy in English to be provided
to the Trustee).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.8</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Incorporation by Reference of Trust Indenture Act; Trust Indenture Act Controls</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(a) If any provision hereof limits, qualifies or conflicts with
the duties that would be imposed by any of Sections 310 to 317 of the Trust Indenture Act through operation of Section&nbsp;318(c)
thereof on any person, such imposed duties shall control. The following Trust Indenture Act terms have the following meanings:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;indenture securities&rdquo; means the Securities;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;indenture security holder&rdquo; means a Holder;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;indenture to be qualified&rdquo; means this Indenture;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;indenture trustee&rdquo; or &ldquo;institutional trustee&rdquo;
means the Trustee; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;obligor&rdquo; on the indenture securities means the Company
and any other obligor on the indenture securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">All other Trust Indenture Act terms used in this Indenture that
are defined by the Trust Indenture Act, defined in the Trust Indenture Act by reference to another statute or defined by SEC Rule
have the meanings assigned to them by such definitions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(b) If any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts
with another provision which is required to be included in this Indenture by the Trust Indenture Act, the provision required by
the Trust Indenture Act shall control.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.9</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Effect of Headings and Table of Contents</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Article and Section headings herein and the Table of Contents
are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Successors and Assigns</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">All covenants and agreements in this Indenture by the Company shall
bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.11</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Separability Clause</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">In case any provision in this Indenture or any Security shall be
invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be
affected or impaired thereby.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.12</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Benefits of Indenture</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Nothing in this Indenture or any Security, express or implied, shall
give to any Person, other than the parties hereto, any Security Registrar, any Paying Agent, any Authentication Agent and their
successors hereunder and the Holders of Securities, any benefit or any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.13</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Governing Law; Waiver of Trial by Jury</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">This Indenture and the Securities shall be governed by and construed
in accordance with the laws of the State of New York applicable to agreements made or instruments entered into and, in each case,
performed in said state. Each of the Company and the Trustee hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable
law, any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Indenture, the Securities or
the transactions contemplated hereby.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.14</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Legal Holidays</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or any
Securities, in any case where any Interest Payment Date, Stated Maturity or Maturity of any Security, or the last date on which
a Holder has the right to convert or exchange Securities of a series that are convertible or exchangeable shall not be a Business
Day (a &ldquo;<U>Legal Holiday</U>&rdquo;) at any Place of Payment, then (notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture
or any Security other than a provision in any Security that specifically states that such provision shall apply in lieu hereof)
payment need not be made at such Place of Payment on such date, and such Securities need not be converted or exchanged on such
date but such payment may be made, and such Securities may be converted or exchanged, on the next succeeding day that is a Business
Day at such Place of Payment with the same force and effect as if made on the Interest Payment Date or at the Stated Maturity or
Maturity or on such last day for conversion or exchange, and no interest shall accrue on the amount payable on such date or at
such time for the period from and after such Interest Payment Date, Stated Maturity, Maturity or last day for conversion or exchange,
as the case may be, to the next succeeding Business Day. If this Indenture provides for a time period that ends or requires performance
of any non-payment obligation by a day that is not a Business Day, then such time period shall instead be deemed to end on, and
such obligation shall instead be performed by, the next succeeding Business Day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.15</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Counterparts</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">This Indenture may be executed in several counterparts, each of
which shall be an original and all of which shall constitute but one and the same instrument.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.16</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Judgment Currency</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Company agrees, to the fullest extent that it may effectively
do so under applicable law, that (a)&nbsp;if for the purpose of obtaining judgment in any court it is necessary to convert the
sum due in respect of the principal of, or premium or interest, if any, or </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Additional Amounts on the Securities of any series (the
 &ldquo;<U>Required Currency</U>&rdquo;) into a currency in which a judgment will be rendered (the &ldquo;<U>Judgment Currency</U>&rdquo;),
the rate of exchange used shall be the rate at which in accordance with normal banking procedures the Trustee could purchase in
The City of New York the requisite amount of the Required Currency with the Judgment Currency on the New York Banking Day preceding
the day on which a final unappealable judgment is given and (b)&nbsp;its obligations under this Indenture to make payments in the
Required Currency (i)&nbsp;shall not be discharged or satisfied by any tender, or any recovery pursuant to any judgment (whether
or not entered in accordance with clause (a)), in any currency other than the Required Currency, except to the extent that such
tender or recovery shall result in the actual receipt, by the payee, of the full amount of the Required Currency expressed to be
payable in respect of such payments, (ii)&nbsp;shall be enforceable as an alternative or additional cause of action for the purpose
of recovering in the Required Currency the amount, if any, by which such actual receipt shall fall short of the full amount of
the Required Currency so expressed to be payable and (iii)&nbsp;shall not be affected by judgment being obtained for any other
sum due under this Indenture. For purposes of the foregoing, &ldquo;<U>New York Banking Day</U>&rdquo; means any day except a Saturday,
Sunday or a Legal Holiday in The City of New York or a day on which banking institutions in The City of New York are authorized
or obligated by law, regulation or executive order to be closed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;1.17</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Limitation on Individual Liability</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement
contained in this Indenture or in any Security, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, shall be had against
any incorporator, stockholder, officer or director, as such, past, present or future, of the Company or of any successor, either
directly or through the Company or any successor, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement
of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that this Indenture and the obligations issued hereunder
are solely corporate obligations, and that no such personal liability whatever shall attach to, or is or shall be incurred by,
the incorporators, stockholders, officers or directors, as such, of the Company or any successor, or any of them, because of the
creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in
this Indenture or in any Security or implied therefrom; and that any and all such personal liability of every name and nature,
either at common law or in equity or by constitution or statute, of, and any and all such rights and claims against, every such
incorporator, stockholder, officer or director, as such, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under
or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any Security or implied therefrom, are
hereby expressly waived and released as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and the issuance
of such Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 2 </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>SECURITIES FORMS </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Forms Generally</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Each Registered Security and temporary or permanent Global Security
or Definitive Security issued pursuant to this Indenture shall be in the form established by or pursuant to a Board Resolution
and set forth in an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto, shall have such
appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as are required or permitted by or pursuant to this Indenture
or any indenture supplemental hereto and may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification and such legends or endorsements
placed thereon as may, consistently herewith, be determined by the Officers executing such Security as evidenced by their execution
of such Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or any
Securities, the Securities shall be issuable in registered form without coupons and shall not be issuable upon the exercise of
warrants.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Definitive Securities shall be printed, lithographed or engraved
or produced by any combination of these methods on a steel engraved border or steel engraved borders or may be produced in any
other manner, all as determined by the Officers of the Company executing such Securities, as evidenced by their execution of such
Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Form of Trustee&rsquo;s Certificate of Authentication</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Subject to Section&nbsp;6.12, the Trustee&rsquo;s certificate of
authentication shall be in substantially the following form:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred
to in the within-mentioned Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U>, as Trustee</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 37%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">
</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Authorized Signatory</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Dated:</FONT> </TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;2.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Securities in Global Form</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or
any Securities, the Securities shall be issuable in permanent global form. If Securities of a series shall be issuable in
global form, any such Security may provide that it or any number of such Securities shall represent the aggregate amount of
all Outstanding Securities of such series (or such lesser amount as is permitted by the terms thereof) from time to time
endorsed thereon and may also provide that the aggregate amount of Outstanding Securities represented thereby may from time
to time be increased or reduced to reflect exchanges, redemptions or transfer of beneficial interests from one Global
Security to another Global Security. Any endorsement of any Global Security to reflect the amount, or any increase or
decrease in the amount, or changes in the rights of Holders, of Outstanding Securities represented thereby shall be made in
such manner and by such Person or Persons as shall be specified therein or in the Company Order to be delivered pursuant to
Section&nbsp;3.3 or Section&nbsp;3.4 with respect thereto. Subject to the provisions of Section&nbsp;3.3 and, if applicable,
Section&nbsp;3.4, the Trustee shall deliver and redeliver any Security in permanent global form in the manner and upon
instructions given by the Person or Persons specified therein or in the applicable Company Order. If a Company Order pursuant
to Section&nbsp;3.3 or Section&nbsp;3.4 has been, or simultaneously is, delivered, any instructions by the Company with
respect to a Global Security shall be in writing but need not be accompanied by or contained in an Officer&rsquo;s
Certificate and need not be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Notwithstanding the provisions of Section&nbsp;3.7, unless otherwise
specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or any Securities, payment of principal of, any premium and interest on, and any Additional
Amounts in respect of, any Security in temporary or permanent global form shall be made to the Person or Persons specified therein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Notwithstanding the provisions of Section&nbsp;3.8 and except as
provided in the preceding paragraph, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall treat as the Holder
of such principal amount of Outstanding Securities as is represented by a Global Security in the case of a Global Security in registered
form, the Holder of such Global Security in registered form.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Each Global Security shall bear a legend in substantially the following
form (unless otherwise specified by the Depositary):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;THIS DEBT SECURITY IS A GLOBAL SECURITY WITHIN THE MEANING
OF THE INDENTURE HEREINAFTER REFERRED TO AND IS REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF A DEPOSITARY OR A NOMINEE THEREOF. THIS DEBT SECURITY
MAY NOT BE TRANSFERRED TO, OR REGISTERED OR EXCHANGED FOR SECURITIES REGISTERED IN THE NAME OF, ANY PERSON OTHER THAN THE DEPOSITARY
OR A NOMINEE THEREOF AND NO SUCH TRANSFER MAY BE REGISTERED, EXCEPT IN THE LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED IN THE INDENTURE. EVERY
DEBT SECURITY AUTHENTICATED AND DELIVERED UPON REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER OF, OR IN EXCHANGE FOR OR IN LIEU OF, THIS DEBT SECURITY
SHALL BE A GLOBAL SECURITY SUBJECT TO THE FOREGOING, EXCEPT IN SUCH LIMITED CIRCUMSTANCES.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 3 </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>THE SECURITIES </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Amount Unlimited; Issuable in Series</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated
and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or more series. With respect to any Securities
to be authenticated and delivered hereunder, there shall be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution and set forth in an
Officer&rsquo;s Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) the title of such Securities and the series, including CUSIP
numbers in which such Securities shall be included;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities
of such series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered
upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of such series pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.4,
Section&nbsp;3.5, Section&nbsp;3.6, Section&nbsp;9.6 or Section&nbsp;11.7, upon repayment in part of any Registered Security of
such series pursuant to Article 13 or upon surrender in part of any Registered Security for conversion or exchange into Common
Stock or other securities, cash or other property pursuant to its terms, or pursuant to the terms of such Securities and except
for any Securities, which, pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.3, are deemed never to have been authenticated and delivered hereunder);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.75pt">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(3) if any of such Securities are to be issuable in global form,
when any of such Securities are to be issuable in global form and (i)&nbsp;whether such Securities are to be issued in temporary
or permanent global form or both, (ii)&nbsp;whether beneficial owners of interests in any such Global Security may exchange such
interests for Securities of the same series and of like tenor and of any authorized form and denomination, and the circumstances
under which any such exchanges may occur, if other than in the manner specified in Section&nbsp;3.5, and (iii)&nbsp;the name of
the Depositary or the U.S. Depositary, as the case may be, with respect to any Global Security;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(4) the date as of which any Global Security shall be dated (if
other than the date of original issuance of the first of such Securities to be issued);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(5) the date or dates, or the method or methods, if any, by which
such date or dates shall be determined, on which the principal and premium, if any, of such Securities is payable;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(6) the rate or rates at which such Securities shall bear interest,
if any, or the method or methods, if any, by which such rate or rates are to be determined, the date or dates, if any, from which
such interest shall accrue or the method or methods, if any, by which such date or dates are to be determined, the Interest Payment
Dates, if any, on which such interest shall be payable and the Regular Record Date, if any, for the interest payable on Registered
Securities on any Interest Payment Date, whether and under what circumstances Additional Interest on such Securities or any of
them shall be payable, whether and under what circumstances Additional Amounts on such Securities or any of them shall be payable,
the notice, if any, to Holders regarding the determination of interest on a floating rate Security and the manner of giving such
notice, and the basis upon which interest shall be calculated if other than that of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(7) if in addition to or other than the Borough of Manhattan, The
City of New York, the place or places where the principal of, any premium and interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect
to such Securities shall be payable, any of such Securities that are Registered Securities may be surrendered for registration
of transfer or exchange, any of such Securities may be surrendered for conversion or exchange and notices or demands to or upon
the Company in respect of such Securities and this Indenture may be served, the extent to which, or the manner in which, any interest
payment or Additional Amounts on a Global Security on an Interest Payment Date, will be paid and the manner in which any principal
of or premium, if any, on any Global Security will be paid;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(8) whether any of such Securities are to be redeemable at the option
of the Company and, if so, the date or dates on which, the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the
other terms and conditions upon which such Securities may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(9) whether the Company is obligated to redeem or purchase any of
such Securities pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provision or at the option of any Holder thereof and, if so, the date
or dates on which, the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the other terms and conditions upon which
such Securities shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation, and any provisions for the remarketing
of such Securities so redeemed or purchased;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(10) the denominations in which any of such Securities that are
Registered Securities shall be issuable if other than denominations of $1,000 and any multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(11) whether the Securities of the series will be convertible into
shares of Common Stock and/or exchangeable for other securities, cash or other property of the Company or of any other Person,
and if so, the terms and conditions upon which such Securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, and any deletions from or
modifications or additions to this Indenture to permit or to facilitate the issuance of such convertible or exchangeable Securities
or the administration thereof;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(12) if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of
the principal amount of any of such Securities that shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant
to Section&nbsp;5.2 or the method by which such portion is to be determined;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(13) if other than Dollars, the Foreign Currency in which payment
of the principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any of such Securities shall be payable;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(14) if the principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional
Amounts with respect to any of such Securities are to be payable, at the election of the Company or a Holder thereof or otherwise,
in Currency other than that in which such Securities are stated to be payable, the date or dates on which, the period or periods
within which, and the other terms and conditions upon which, such election may be made, and the time and manner of determining
the exchange rate between the Currency in which such Securities are stated to be payable and the Currency in which such Securities
or any of them are to be paid pursuant to such election, and any deletions from or modifications of or additions to the terms of
this Indenture to provide for or to facilitate the issuance of Securities denominated or payable, at the election of the Company
or a Holder thereof or otherwise, in a Foreign Currency;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(15) whether the amount of payments of principal of, any premium
or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to such Securities may be determined with reference to an index, formula,
financial or economic measure or other method or methods (which index, formula, measure or method or methods may be based, without
limitation, on one or more Currencies, commodities, equity indices or other indices), and, if so, the terms and conditions upon
which and the manner in which such amounts shall be determined and paid or be payable;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(16) any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the Events
of Default or covenants of the Company with respect to any of such Securities, whether or not such Events of Default or covenants
are consistent with the Events of Default or covenants set forth herein;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(17) whether either or both of Section&nbsp;4.2(2) relating to defeasance
or Section&nbsp;4.2(3) relating to covenant defeasance shall not be applicable to the Securities of such series, and any covenants
relating to the Securities of such series which shall be subject to covenant defeasance, and, if the Securities of such series
are subject to repurchase or repayment at the option of the Holders thereof, whether the Company&rsquo;s obligation to repurchase
or repay such Securities will be subject to defeasance or covenant defeasance, and any deletions from, or modifications or additions
to, the provisions of Article 4 in respect of the Securities of such series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(18) whether any of such Securities are to be issuable upon the
exercise of warrants, and the time, manner and place for such Securities to be authenticated and delivered;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(19) if there is more than one Trustee or a Trustee other than ,
the identity of the Trustee and, if not the Trustee, the identity of each Security Registrar, Paying Agent or Authenticating Agent
with respect to such Securities;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(20) whether the Securities are senior or subordinated debt securities,
and if subordinated debt securities, the terms of such subordination;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(21) whether the Securities of the series will be guaranteed by
any Persons and, if so, the identity of such Persons, the terms and conditions upon which such Securities shall be guaranteed and,
if applicable, the terms and conditions upon which such guarantees may be subordinated to other indebtedness of the respective
guarantors and may be released;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(22) whether the Securities of the series will be secured by any
collateral and, if so, the terms and conditions upon which such Securities shall be secured and, if applicable, upon which such
liens may be subordinated to other liens securing other indebtedness of the Company or any guarantor and may be released; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(23) any other terms of such Securities and any deletions from or
modifications or additions to this Indenture in respect of such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical
except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided by the Company in or pursuant to the Board Resolution and set
forth in the Officer&rsquo;s Certificate or in any indenture or indentures supplemental hereto pertaining to such series of Securities.
The terms of the Securities of any series may provide, without limitation, that the Securities of such series shall be authenticated
and delivered by the Trustee on original issue from time to time in accordance with such procedures as are acceptable to the Trustee
(including authentication and delivery by the Trustee on original issue from time to time upon telephonic or written order of persons
designated in the Officer&rsquo;s Certificate or supplemental indenture (telephonic instructions to be promptly confirmed in writing
by such person) and that such persons are authorized to determine, consistent with such Officer&rsquo;s Certificate or any applicable
supplemental indenture, such terms and conditions of the Securities of such series as are specified in such Officer&rsquo;s Certificate
or supplemental indenture). All Securities of any one series need not be issued at the same time and, unless otherwise so provided
by the Company, a series may be reopened for issuances of additional Securities of such series or to establish additional terms
of such series of Securities. If any of the terms of the Securities of any series shall be established by action taken by or pursuant
to a Board Resolution, the Board Resolution shall be delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officer&rsquo;s
Certificate setting forth the terms of such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Currency; Denominations</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or any
Security, the principal of, any premium and interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to, the Securities shall be payable
in Dollars. Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, Registered Securities denominated in Dollars shall be issuable
in registered form without coupons in denominations of $1,000 or any integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof. Securities
not denominated in Dollars shall be issuable in such denominations as are established with respect to such Securities in or pursuant
to this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Execution; Authentication; Delivery and Dating</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Securities shall be executed on behalf of the Company by any Officer
of the Company. The signature of any such Officer on the Securities may be manual or facsimile.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Securities bearing the manual or facsimile signatures of individuals
who were at any time the proper Officers of the Company shall bind the Company, notwithstanding that such individuals or any of
them have ceased to hold such offices prior to the authentication and delivery of such Securities or did not hold such offices
at the date of such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery
of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities, executed by the Company, to the Trustee for authentication and, provided
that the Board Resolution and Officer&rsquo;s Certificate or supplemental indenture or indentures with respect to such Securities
referred to in Section&nbsp;3.1 and a Company Order for the authentication and delivery of such Securities have been delivered
to the Trustee, the Trustee in accordance with the Company Order and subject to the provisions hereof and of such Securities shall
authenticate and deliver such Securities. In authenticating such Securities, and accepting the additional responsibilities under
this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be provided with, and (subject to Sections 315(a) through 315(d)
of the Trust Indenture Act) shall be fully protected in relying upon an Opinion of Counsel and an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate that
contain the statements required by Section&nbsp;1.2.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate such Securities
if the issue of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee&rsquo;s own rights, duties or immunities under
the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner which is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Notwithstanding the provisions of Section&nbsp;3.1 and of the preceding
paragraph, if all Securities of a series are not to be originally issued at one time, it shall not be necessary to deliver the
Officer&rsquo;s Certificate or Company Order otherwise required pursuant to such preceding paragraph at or prior to the authentication
of each Security of such series if such documents are delivered at or prior to the authentication upon original issuance of the
first Security of such series to be issued. This paragraph shall not be applicable to Securities of a series that are issued as
part of a reopening pursuant to the last paragraph of Section&nbsp;3.1.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Each Registered Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">No Security shall be entitled to any benefit under this Indenture
or be valid or obligatory for any purpose, unless there appears on such Security a certificate of authentication substantially
in the form provided for in Section&nbsp;2.2 or Section&nbsp;6.12 executed by or on behalf of the Trustee or by the Authenticating
Agent by the manual signature of one of its authorized signatories. Such certificate upon any Security shall be conclusive evidence,
and the only evidence, that such Security has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Security shall have been authenticated
and delivered hereunder but never issued and sold by the Company, and the Company shall deliver such Security to the Trustee for
cancellation as provided in Section&nbsp;3.9, for all purposes of this Indenture such Security shall be deemed never to have been
authenticated and delivered hereunder and shall never be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Temporary Securities</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Pending the preparation of Definitive Securities, the Company may
execute and deliver to the Trustee and, upon Company Order, the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in the manner provided
in Section&nbsp;3.3, temporary Securities in lieu thereof which are printed, lithographed, typewritten, mimeographed or otherwise
produced, in any authorized denomination, substantially of the tenor of the Definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued,
in registered form and with such appropriate insertions, omissions, substitutions and other variations as the Officers of the Company
executing such Securities may determine, as conclusively evidenced by their execution of such Securities. Such temporary Securities
may be in the form of Global Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Except in the case of temporary Global Securities, which shall be
exchanged in accordance with the provisions thereof, if temporary Securities are issued, the Company shall cause Definitive Securities
to be prepared without unreasonable delay. After the preparation of Definitive Securities of the same series and containing terms
and provisions that are identical to those of any temporary Securities, such temporary Securities shall be exchangeable for such
Definitive Securities upon surrender of such temporary Securities at an Office or Agency for such Securities, without charge to
any Holder thereof. Upon surrender for cancellation of any one or more temporary Securities, the Company shall execute and the
Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange therefor a like principal amount of Definitive Securities of authorized denominations
of the same series and containing identical terms and provisions. Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture with
respect to a temporary Global Security, until so exchanged the temporary Securities of any series shall in all respects be entitled
to the same benefits under this Indenture as Definitive Securities of such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.5</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Registration; Transfer and Exchange</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">With respect to the Registered Securities of each series, if any,
the Company shall cause to be kept a register (each such register being herein sometimes referred to as the &ldquo;<U>Security
Register</U>&rdquo;) at an Office or Agency for such series in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe,
the Company shall provide for the registration of the Registered Securities of such series and of transfers of the Registered Securities
of such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Such Office or Agency shall be the &ldquo;<U>Security Registrar</U>&rdquo;
or &ldquo;<U>Registrar</U>&rdquo; for that series of Securities. Unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or
the Securities, the Trustee shall be the initial Security Registrar for each series of Securities. The Company shall have the right
to remove and replace from time to time the Security Registrar for any series of Securities; provided that no such removal or replacement
shall be effective until a successor Security Registrar with respect to such series of Securities shall have been appointed by
the Company and shall have accepted such appointment by the Company. In the event that the Trustee shall not be or shall cease
to be Security Registrar with respect to a series of Securities, it shall have the right to examine the Security Register for such
series at all reasonable times. There shall be only one Security Register for each series of Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">A Global Security may not be transferred as a whole except by the
Depositary to a nominee of the Depositary, by a nominee of the Depositary to the Depositary or to another nominee of the Depositary,
or by the Depositary or any such nominee to a successor Depositary or a nominee of such successor Depositary. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, except as may be provided pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1, any Global Security or any beneficial interest therein shall
be exchangeable for Definitive Securities only if (i)&nbsp;the Depositary is at any time unwilling, unable or ineligible to continue
as Depositary and a successor Depositary is not appointed by the Company within 90 days of the date the Company is so informed
in writing, (ii)&nbsp;the Depositary ceases to be a clearing agency registered under the Exchange Act, (iii)&nbsp;the Company (subject
to the Applicable Procedures) executes and delivers to the Trustee a Company Order to the effect that such Global Security shall
be so exchangeable or (iv)&nbsp;an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing with respect to such Securities. If the holder
of a Global Security or the beneficial owners of interests in a Global Security are entitled to exchange such interests for Definitive
Securities as the result of an event specified in clause (i), (ii), (iii)&nbsp;or (iv)&nbsp;of the preceding sentence, the Company
shall promptly make available to the Trustee Definitive Securities in such form and denominations as are required by or pursuant
to this Indenture, and of the same series, containing identical terms and in aggregate principal amount equal to the principal
amount of such Global Security, executed by the Company. Such Global Security shall be surrendered from time to time by the U.S.
Depositary or such other Depositary as shall be specified in the Company Order with respect thereto, and in accordance with instructions
given to the Trustee and the U.S. Depositary or such other Depositary, as the case may be (which instructions shall be in writing
but need not be contained in or accompanied by an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate or be accompanied by an Opinion of Counsel), as shall
be specified in the Company Order with respect thereto to the Trustee, as the Company&rsquo;s agent for such purpose, to be exchanged,
in whole or in part, for Definitive Securities as described above without charge. The Trustee shall authenticate and make available
for delivery, in exchange for each portion of such surrendered Global Security, a like aggregate principal amount of Definitive
Securities of the same series of authorized denominations and of like tenor as the portion of such Global Security to be exchanged;
provided, however, that no such exchanges may occur during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before any selection
of Securities of the same series to be redeemed and ending on the relevant Redemption Date. Promptly following any such exchange
in part, such Global Security shall be returned by the Trustee to such Depositary or the U.S. Depositary, as the case may be, or
such other Depositary or U.S. Depositary referred to above in accordance with the instructions of the Company referred to above.
If a Registered portion of a Global Security is exchanged for Definitive Registered Securities after the close of business at the
Office or Agency for such Security where such exchange occurs on or after (i)&nbsp;any Regular Record Date for such Security and
before the opening of business at such Office or Agency on the next Interest Payment Date, or (ii)&nbsp;any Special Record Date
for such Security and before the opening of business at such Office or Agency on the related proposed date for payment of interest
or Defaulted Interest, as the case may be, interest shall not be payable on such Interest Payment Date or proposed date for payment,
as the case may be, in respect of such Definitive Registered Security, but shall be payable on such Interest Payment Date or proposed
date for payment, as the case may be, only to the Person to whom interest in respect of such portion of such Global Security shall
be payable in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.75pt">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The transfer and exchange of beneficial interests in the Global
Securities shall be effected through the Depositary, in accordance with the provisions of this Indenture and the Applicable Procedures.
Transfers and exchanges of beneficial interests in the Global Securities also shall require compliance with either subparagraph
(1)&nbsp;or (2)&nbsp;below, as applicable, as well as one or more of the other following paragraphs, as applicable:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) Beneficial interests in any Global Security may be transferred
to Persons who take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in the same Global Security. No written orders or instructions
shall be required to be delivered to the Registrar to effect the transfers described in this subparagraph (1).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) In connection with the transfer or exchange of beneficial interests
in any Global Security to Persons who take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in a different Global Security,
the transferor of such beneficial interest must deliver to the Registrar (i)&nbsp;an order from a Participant or an Indirect Participant
given to the Depositary in accordance with the Applicable Procedures directing the Depositary to credit or cause to be credited
a beneficial interest in another Global Security in an amount equal to the beneficial interest to be transferred or exchanged and
(ii)&nbsp;instructions given in accordance with the Applicable Procedures containing information regarding the Participant account
to be credited with such increase. Upon satisfaction of all of the requirements for transfer or exchange of beneficial interests
in Global Securities contained in this Indenture and such Securities or otherwise applicable under the Securities Act, the Trustee
shall adjust the principal amount of the relevant Global Security(s) pursuant to this paragraph.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If any Holder of a beneficial interest in a Global Security proposes
to exchange such beneficial interest for a Definitive Security or to transfer such beneficial interest to a Person who takes delivery
thereof in the form of a Definitive Security in the event of the occurrence of any of the conditions set forth in the third paragraph
of this Section&nbsp;3.5, then, upon delivery to the Registrar of (i)&nbsp;an order from a Participant or an Indirect Participant
given to the Depositary in accordance with the Applicable Procedures directing the Depositary to cause to be issued a Definitive
Security in an amount equal to the beneficial interest to be transferred or exchanged and (ii)&nbsp;instructions given by the Depositary
to the Registrar containing information regarding the Person in whose name such Definitive Security shall be registered to effect
the transfer or exchange referred to in clause (i), the Trustee shall cause the aggregate principal amount of the applicable Global
Security to be reduced accordingly as described below, and the Company shall execute and, upon receipt of a Company Order pursuant
to Section&nbsp;3.3, the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Person designated in the instructions a Definitive Security
in the appropriate principal amount. Any Definitive Security issued in exchange for a beneficial interest pursuant to this paragraph
shall be registered in such name or names and in such authorized denomination or denominations as the Holder of such beneficial
interest shall instruct the Registrar through instructions from the Depositary and the Participant or Indirect Participant. The
Trustee shall deliver such Definitive Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities are so registered.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">A Holder of a Definitive Security may exchange such Security for
a beneficial interest in a Global Security or transfer such Definitive Securities to a Person who takes delivery thereof in the
form of a beneficial interest in a Global Security at any time. Upon receipt of a request for such an exchange or transfer, the
Trustee shall cancel the applicable Definitive Security and increase or cause to be increased the aggregate principal amount of
the applicable Global Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">At the option of the Holder, Definitive Securities of any series
may be exchanged for other Definitive Securities of the same series, of any authorized denominations and of like tenor and aggregate
principal amount, upon surrender of the Definitive Securities to be exchanged at an Office or Agency. Whenever any Definitive Securities
are so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, the Definitive Securities
which the Holder making the exchange is entitled to receive.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Upon request by a Holder of Definitive Securities and such Holder&rsquo;s
compliance with the provisions of this paragraph, the Registrar shall register the transfer or exchange of Definitive Securities.
Prior to such registration of transfer or exchange, the requesting Holder shall present or surrender to the Registrar the Definitive
Securities duly endorsed or accompanied by a written instruction of transfer in form satisfactory to the Registrar duly executed
by such Holder or by its attorney, duly authorized in writing. A Holder of Definitive Securities may transfer such Securities to
a Person who takes delivery thereof in the form of a Definitive Security. Upon receipt of a request to register such a transfer,
the Registrar shall register the Definitive Securities pursuant to the instructions from the Holder thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">At such time as all beneficial interests in a particular Global
Security have been exchanged for Definitive Securities or a particular Global Security has been redeemed, repurchased or cancelled
in whole and not in part, each such Global Security shall be returned to or retained and cancelled by the Trustee in accordance
with Section&nbsp;3.9. At any time prior to such cancellation, if any beneficial interest in a Global Security is exchanged for
or transferred to a Person who will take delivery thereof in the form of a beneficial interest in another Global Security or for
Definitive Securities, the principal amount of Securities represented by such Global Security shall be reduced accordingly and
an endorsement shall be made on such Global Security by the Trustee or by the Depositary at the direction of the Trustee to reflect
such reduction; and if the beneficial interest is being exchanged for or transferred to a Person who will take delivery thereof
in the form of a beneficial interest in another Global Security, the principal amount of Securities represented by such other Global
Security shall be increased accordingly and an endorsement shall be made on such Global Security by the Trustee or by the Depositary
at the direction of the Trustee to reflect such increase.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">All Securities issued upon any registration of transfer or exchange
of Securities shall be the valid and legally binding obligations of the Company evidencing the same debt and entitling the Holders
thereof to the same benefits under this Indenture as the Securities surrendered upon such registration of transfer or exchange.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Every Registered Security presented or surrendered for registration
of transfer or for exchange or redemption shall (if so required by the Company or the Security Registrar for such Security) be
duly endorsed, signature guaranteed, or be accompanied by a written instrument of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company
and the Security Registrar for such Security duly executed by the Holder thereof, signature guaranteed, or his or her attorney
duly authorized in writing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">No service charge shall be made for any registration of transfer
or exchange, or redemption of Securities, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental
charge and any other expenses (including fees and expenses of the Trustee) that may be imposed in connection with any registration
of transfer or exchange of Securities, other than exchanges pursuant to Sections 3.4, 3.6, 9.6 and 11.7 not involving any transfer.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, the
Company shall not be required (i)&nbsp;to issue, register the transfer of or exchange any Securities during a period beginning
at the opening of business 15 days before the day of selection of Securities of like tenor and the same series under Section&nbsp;11.3
for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of such selection, (ii)&nbsp;to register the transfer of or exchange
any Registered Security so selected for redemption in whole or in part, except in the case of any Security to be redeemed in part,
the portion thereof not to be redeemed, or (iii)&nbsp;to issue, register the transfer of or exchange any Security which, in accordance
with its terms, has been surrendered for repayment or purchase at the option of the Holder, except the portion, if any, of such
Security not to be so repaid.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Registrar shall retain copies of all certificates, notices and
other written communications received pursuant to this Section&nbsp;3.5. The Company shall have the right to inspect and make copies
of all such certificates, notices or other written communications at any reasonable time upon the giving of reasonable written
notice to the Registrar.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">All certifications and certificates required to be submitted to
the Registrar pursuant to this Section&nbsp;3.5 to effect a registration of transfer or exchange may be submitted by facsimile,
with an original of such document to be sent promptly thereafter.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.6</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Mutilated, Destroyed, Lost and Stolen Securities</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If any mutilated Security is surrendered to the Trustee, subject
to the provisions of this Section&nbsp;3.6, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver in exchange
therefor a new Security of the same series containing identical terms and of like principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously
outstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If there be delivered to the Company and to the Trustee (i)&nbsp;evidence
to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of any Security and (ii)&nbsp;such security or indemnity as may be required
by them to save each of them and any agent of either of them harmless, then, in the absence of notice to the Company or to a Responsible
Officer that such Security has been acquired by a &ldquo;protected purchaser&rdquo; (as such term is defined in the New York Uniform
Commercial Code), the Company shall execute and, upon the Company&rsquo;s request the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, in
exchange for or in lieu of any such destroyed, lost or stolen Security, a new Security of the same series containing identical
terms and of like principal amount and bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section&nbsp;3.6,
in case any mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security has become or is about to become due and payable, the Company in its
discretion may, instead of issuing a new Security, pay such Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Upon the issuance of any new Security under this Section&nbsp;3.6,
the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation
thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Every new Security issued pursuant to this Section&nbsp;3.6 in lieu
of any destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall constitute a separate obligation of the Company, whether or not the destroyed,
lost or stolen Security shall be at any time enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture
equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of such series duly issued hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.75pt">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The provisions of this Section&nbsp;3.6, as amended or supplemented
pursuant to this Indenture with respect to particular Securities or generally, shall be exclusive and shall preclude (to the extent
lawful) all other rights and remedies with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.7</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Payment of Interest and Certain Additional Amounts; Rights to Interest and Certain Additional Amounts Preserved</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, any
interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to, any Registered Security that shall be payable, and are punctually paid
or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date shall be paid to the Person in whose name such Security (or one or more Predecessor
Securities) is registered as of the close of business on the Regular Record Date for such interest.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, any
interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to, any Registered Security that shall be payable, but shall not be punctually
paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for such Registered Security (herein called &ldquo;<U>Defaulted Interest</U>&rdquo;)
shall forthwith cease to be payable to the Holder thereof on the relevant Regular Record Date by virtue of having been such Holder;
and such Defaulted Interest may be paid by the Company, at its election in each case, as provided in clause (1)&nbsp;or (2)&nbsp;below:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) The Company may elect to make payment of any Defaulted Interest
to the Person in whose name such Registered Security (or a Predecessor Security thereof) shall be registered at the close of business
on a Special Record Date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner. The Company
shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on such Registered Security and the
date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate
amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such
deposit on or prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when so deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the
Person entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon, the Trustee shall fix a Special Record Date for
the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall be not more than 15 days and not less than 10 days prior to the date of the
proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee
shall promptly notify the Company of such Special Record Date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice
of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor to be mailed, first-class postage prepaid,
to the Holder of such Registered Security (or a Predecessor Security thereof) at his address as it appears in the Security Register
not less than 10 days prior to such Special Record Date. The Trustee may, in its discretion, in the name and at the expense of
the Company, cause a similar notice to be published at least once in an Authorized Newspaper of general circulation in the Borough
of Manhattan, The City of New York, but such publication shall not be a condition precedent to the establishment of such Special
Record Date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the Special Record Date therefor having been mailed
as aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Person in whose name such Registered Security (or a Predecessor Security
thereof) shall be registered at the close of business on such Special Record Date and shall no longer be payable pursuant to the
following clause (2).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest in any
other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which such Security may be listed, and
upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment
pursuant to this clause, such payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or the
Securities of any particular series pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture, at the option of the Company, interest on Registered
Securities that bear interest may be paid by wire transfer in immediately available funds if the Holder of the Registered Security
has provided to the Company and the Trustee wire instructions at least five Business Days prior to the applicable payment date
or by check mailed to the address of that Holder as it appears on the books of the Securities Registrar if that Holder has not
provided wire instructions; provided that any payment of principal (or premium, if any) in respect of any Security will be made
only upon presentation and surrender of such Security at the applicable Office or Agency.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section&nbsp;3.7 and
Section&nbsp;3.5, each Security delivered under this Indenture upon registration of transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of
any other Security shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, which were carried by such other Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">In the case of any Registered Security of any series that is convertible,
which Registered Security is converted after any Regular Record Date and on or prior to the immediately succeeding Interest Payment
Date (other than any Registered Security with respect to which the Maturity is prior to such Interest Payment Date), interest on
such Interest Payment Date shall be payable on such Interest Payment Date notwithstanding such conversion, and such interest (whether
or not punctually paid or duly provided for) shall be paid to the Person in whose name that Registered Security (or one or more
predecessor Registered Securities) is registered at the close of business on such Regular Record Date. Except as otherwise expressly
provided in the immediately preceding sentence, in the case of any Registered Security which is converted, interest with respect
to which the Stated Maturity is after the date of conversion of such Registered Security shall not be payable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.8</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Persons Deemed Owners</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Prior to due presentment of a Registered Security for registration
of transfer, the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee may treat the Person in whose name such Registered
Security is registered in the Security Register as the owner of such Registered Security for the purpose of receiving payment of
principal of, any premium and (subject to Section&nbsp;3.5 and Section&nbsp;3.7) interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect
to, such Registered Security and for all other purposes whatsoever, whether or not any payment with respect to such Registered
Security shall be overdue, and none of the Company, the Trustee or any agent of the Company or the Trustee shall be affected by
notice to the contrary.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">No holder of any beneficial interest in any Global Security held
on its behalf by a Depositary shall have any rights under this Indenture with respect to such Global Security, and such Depositary
may be treated by the Company, the Trustee and any agent of the Company or the Trustee as the owner of such Global Security for
all purposes whatsoever. None of the Company, the Trustee, any Paying Agent or the Security Registrar will have any responsibility
or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests of a Global
Security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.9</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Cancellation</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">All Securities surrendered for payment, redemption, registration
of transfer, exchange or conversion or for credit against any sinking fund payment shall, if surrendered to any Person other than
the Trustee, be delivered to the Trustee, and any such Securities, as well as Securities surrendered directly to the Trustee for
any such purpose, shall be cancelled promptly by the Trustee. The Company may at any time deliver to the Trustee for cancellation
any Securities previously authenticated and delivered hereunder which the Company may have acquired in any manner whatsoever, and
all Securities so delivered shall be cancelled promptly by the Trustee. No Securities shall be authenticated in lieu of or in exchange
for any Securities cancelled as provided in this Section&nbsp;3.9, except as expressly permitted by or pursuant to this Indenture.
All cancelled Securities held by the Trustee shall be disposed of by the Trustee in accordance with its customary procedures.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Computation of Interest</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, or
in any Security, interest on the Securities shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;3.11</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>CUSIP and ISIN Numbers</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Company in issuing the Securities may use &ldquo;CUSIP&rdquo;
and &ldquo;ISIN&rdquo; numbers (if then generally in use), and, if so, the Trustee shall use CUSIP and ISIN numbers in notices
of redemption as a convenience to Holders; provided that any such notice may state that no representation is made as to the correctness
of such numbers either as printed on the Securities or as contained in any notice of a redemption and that reliance may be placed
only on the other identification numbers printed on the Securities, and any such redemption shall not be affected by any defect
in or omission of such numbers. The Company will promptly notify the Trustee of any change in the CUSIP and ISIN numbers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 4 </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;4.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Satisfaction and Discharge</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Upon the direction of the Company by a Company Order, this Indenture
shall cease to be of further effect with respect to any series of Securities specified in such Company Order and the Trustee, on
receipt of a Company Order, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction and discharge
of this Indenture as to such series, when</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) either</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(a) all Securities of such series theretofore authenticated and
delivered have been delivered to the Trustee for cancellation (other than (i)&nbsp;Securities of such series that have been destroyed,
lost or stolen and have been replaced or paid as provided in Section&nbsp;3.6 and (ii)&nbsp;Securities of such series the payment
of money for which has theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereafter repaid
to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section&nbsp;10.3); or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(b) all Securities of such series not theretofore delivered to the
Trustee for cancellation:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(i) have become due and payable, or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(ii) will become due and payable at their Stated Maturity within
one year, or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(iii) if redeemable at the option of the Company, are to be called
for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption by the Trustee
in the name, and at the expense, of the Company,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">and the Company, in the case of (i), (ii)&nbsp;or (iii)&nbsp;above,
has deposited or caused to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds in trust for such purpose, (x)&nbsp;money in an amount
or (y)&nbsp;Government Obligations that through the payment of interest and principal in respect thereof in accordance with their
terms will provide, not later than one day before the due date of any payment, in the opinion of a nationally recognized Independent
Registered Public Accounting Firm expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, money in the amount, or
(z)&nbsp;a combination of (x)&nbsp;and (y)&nbsp;in an amount in the Currency in which such series of Securities are payable sufficient
to pay and discharge the entire indebtedness on such Securities not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including
the principal of, any premium and interest on, and any Additional Amounts with respect to such Securities then determinable, to
the date of such deposit (in the case of Securities which have become due and payable) or to the Maturity thereof, as the case
may be;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) the Company has paid or caused to be paid all other sums payable
hereunder by the Company with respect to the Outstanding Securities of such series; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(3) the Company has delivered to the Trustee an Officer&rsquo;s
Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to the satisfaction
and discharge of this Indenture as to such series have been complied with.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">In the event there are Securities of two or more series hereunder,
the Trustee shall be required to execute an instrument acknowledging satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture only if requested
to do so with respect to Securities of such series as to which it is Trustee and if the other conditions thereto are met.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Notwithstanding the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture
with respect to any series of Securities, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section&nbsp;6.7, the obligations
of the Trustee under Section&nbsp;4.3, if money, Government Obligations or a combination thereof shall have been deposited with
the Trustee pursuant to subclause (b)&nbsp;of clause (1)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;4.1, the obligations of the Company and the
Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series under Section&nbsp;3.4, Section&nbsp;3.5, Section&nbsp;3.6, Section&nbsp;10.2
and Section&nbsp;10.3, and the obligations of the Company with respect to the payment of Additional Amounts, if any, with respect
to such Securities as contemplated by Section&nbsp;10.4 (but only to the extent that the Additional Amounts payable with respect
to such Securities exceed the amount deposited in respect of such Additional Amounts pursuant to Section&nbsp;4.1(1)(b)), and with
respect to any rights to convert or exchange such Securities into Common Stock or other securities, cash or other property shall
survive such satisfaction and discharge.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;4.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Defeasance and Covenant Defeasance</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) Unless pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1, either or both of (i)&nbsp;defeasance
of the Securities of a series under clause (2)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;4.2 shall not be applicable with respect to the Securities
of such series or (ii)&nbsp;covenant defeasance of the Securities of a series under clause (3)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;4.2 shall
not be applicable with respect to the Securities of such series, then such provisions, together with the other provisions of this
Section&nbsp;4.2 (with such modifications thereto as may be specified pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1 with respect to any Securities),
shall be applicable to such Securities, and the Company may at its option by Board Resolution, at any time, with respect to such
Securities, elect to have Section&nbsp;4.2(2) or Section&nbsp;4.2(3) be applied to such Outstanding Securities upon compliance
with the conditions set forth below in this Section&nbsp;4.2.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) Upon the Company&rsquo;s exercise of the above option applicable
to this Section&nbsp;4.2(2) with respect to any Securities of or within a series, the Company shall be deemed to have been discharged
from its obligations with respect to such Outstanding Securities on the date the conditions set forth in clause (4)&nbsp;of this
Section&nbsp;4.2 are satisfied (hereinafter, &ldquo;<U>defeasance</U>&rdquo;). For this purpose, such defeasance means that the
Company shall be deemed to have paid and discharged the entire indebtedness represented by such Outstanding Securities, which shall
thereafter be deemed to be &ldquo;Outstanding&rdquo; only for the purposes of the Sections of this Indenture referred to in clauses
(i)&nbsp;and (ii)&nbsp;below, and to have satisfied all of its other obligations under such Securities and this Indenture insofar
as such Securities are concerned (and the Trustee, at the expense of the Company, shall execute proper instruments acknowledging
the same), except for the following which shall survive until otherwise terminated or discharged hereunder: (i)&nbsp;the rights
of Holders of such Outstanding Securities to receive, solely from the trust fund described in clause (4)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;4.2
and as more fully set forth in such Section, payments in respect of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest, if any,
on, and Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to, such Securities when such payments are due, and any rights of such Holder
to convert or exchange such Securities into Common Stock or other securities, cash or other property, (ii)&nbsp;the obligations
of the Company and the Trustee with respect to such Securities under Section&nbsp;3.4, Section&nbsp;3.5, Section&nbsp;3.6, Section&nbsp;10.2
and Section&nbsp;10.3 and the obligations of the Company with respect to the payment of Additional Amounts, if any, on such Securities
as contemplated by Section&nbsp;10.4 (but only to the extent that the Additional Amounts payable with respect to such Securities
exceed the amount deposited in respect of such Additional Amounts pursuant to Section&nbsp;4.2(4)(a) below), and with respect to
any rights to convert or exchange such Securities into Common Stock or other securities, cash or other property, (iii)&nbsp;the
rights, powers, trusts, duties and immunities of the Trustee hereunder and (iv)&nbsp;this Section&nbsp;4.2. The Company may exercise
its option under this Section&nbsp;4.2(2) notwithstanding the prior exercise of its option under clause (3)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;4.2
with respect to such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(3) Upon the Company&rsquo;s exercise of the above option applicable
to this Section&nbsp;4.2(3) with respect to any Securities of or within a series, (i)&nbsp;the Company shall be released from its
obligations to comply with any term, provision or condition under Section&nbsp;8.1 with respect to such Securities (and, to the
extent specified pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1, any other restrictive covenant added for the benefit of such Securities) and (ii)&nbsp;unless
otherwise specified pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1, the occurrence of any event specified in Section&nbsp;5.1(7) shall not be deemed
to be an Event of Default, in each case on and after the date the conditions set forth in clause (4)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;4.2
are satisfied (hereinafter, &ldquo;<U>covenant defeasance</U>&rdquo;), and such Securities shall thereafter be deemed to be not
 &ldquo;Outstanding&rdquo; for the purposes of any direction, waiver, consent or declaration or Act of Holders (and the consequences
of any thereof) in connection with any such covenant, but shall continue to be deemed &ldquo;Outstanding&rdquo; for all other purposes
hereunder. For this purpose, such covenant defeasance means that, with respect to such Outstanding Securities, the Company may
omit to comply with, and shall have no liability in respect of, any term, condition or limitation set forth in any such covenant,
whether directly or indirectly, by reason of any reference elsewhere herein to any covenant or by reason of reference in any such
covenant to any other provision herein or in any other document and such omission to comply shall not constitute a default or an
Event of Default under Section&nbsp;5.1(4), Section&nbsp;5.1(7) or otherwise, as the case may be, insofar as it relates to Section&nbsp;8.1
and, to the extent specified pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1, any other restrictive covenant added for the benefit of such Security,
but, except as specified above, the remainder of this Indenture and such Securities shall be unaffected thereby; provided that
the obligations of the Company with respect to the payment of Additional Amounts, if any, on such Securities as contemplated by
Section&nbsp;10.4 shall remain unsatisfied only to the extent that the Additional Amounts payable with respect to such Securities
exceed the amount deposited in respect of such Additional Amounts pursuant to Section&nbsp;4.2(4)(a) below; <I>provided, further</I>,
that notwithstanding a covenant defeasance with respect to Section&nbsp;8.1, any Person to whom a sale, assignment, transfer, lease,
conveyance or other disposition is made pursuant to Section&nbsp;8.1, shall as a condition to such sale, assignment, transfer,
lease, conveyance or other disposition, assume by an indenture supplemental hereto in form satisfactory to the Trustee, executed
by such successor Person and delivered to the Trustee, the obligations of the Company to the Trustee under Section&nbsp;6.7 and
the second to the last paragraph of Section&nbsp;4.2.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(4) The following shall be the conditions to the application of
clause (2)&nbsp;or (3)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;4.2 to any Outstanding Securities of a series:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(a) The Company shall irrevocably have deposited or caused to be
deposited with the Trustee (or another trustee satisfying the requirements of Section&nbsp;6.8 who shall agree to comply with the
provisions of this Section&nbsp;4.2 applicable to it) as trust funds in trust for the purpose of making the following payments,
specifically pledged as security for, and dedicated solely to, the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, (1)&nbsp;an amount
in Dollars or in such Foreign Currency in which such Securities are then specified as payable at Stated Maturity, or (2)&nbsp;Government
Obligations applicable to such Securities (determined on the basis of the Currency in which such Securities are then specified
as payable at Stated Maturity), which through the scheduled payment of principal and interest in respect thereof in accordance
with their terms will provide, not later than one day before the due date of any payment of principal of (and premium, if any)
and interest, if any, on such Securities, money in an amount, or (3)&nbsp;a combination thereof, in any case, in an amount, sufficient,
without consideration of any reinvestment of such principal and interest, in the opinion of a nationally recognized Independent
Registered Public Accounting Firm expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay and discharge,
and which shall be applied by the Trustee (or other qualifying trustee) to pay and discharge, (y)&nbsp;the principal of (and premium,
if any) and interest or Additional Amounts then determinable, if any, on such Outstanding Securities at the Maturity of such principal
or installment of principal or interest, provided that the Company shall specify whether such Outstanding Securities are being
defeased to Stated Maturity or to the Redemption Date and (z)&nbsp;any mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments applicable
to such Outstanding Securities on the day on which such payments are due and payable in accordance with the terms of this Indenture
and of such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(b) Such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall not result in a
breach or violation of, or constitute a default under, this Indenture or any other material agreement or instrument to which the
Company is a party or by which it is bound.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(c) No Event of Default or event that, with notice or lapse of time
or both, would become an Event of Default with respect to such Securities shall have occurred and be continuing on the date of
such deposit (other than an Event of Default resulting from non-compliance with any covenant from which the Company is released
upon effectiveness of such defeasance or covenant defeasance, as applicable).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(d) In the case of an election under clause (2)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;4.2,
the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel stating that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(i) the Company has received from the Internal Revenue Service a
letter ruling, or there has been published by the Internal Revenue Service a Revenue Ruling, or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(ii) since the date of execution of this Indenture, there has been
a change in the applicable federal income tax law,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">in either case to the effect that, and based thereon such opinion
shall confirm that, subject to customary assumptions and exclusions, the Holders of such Outstanding Securities will not recognize
income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes as a result of such defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on
the same amounts, in the same manner and at the same times as would have been the case if such defeasance had not occurred.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(e) In the case of an election under clause (3)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;4.2,
the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Opinion of Counsel to the effect that, subject to customary assumptions and
exclusions, the Holders of such Outstanding Securities will not recognize income, gain or loss for federal income tax purposes
as a result of such covenant defeasance and will be subject to federal income tax on the same amounts, in the same manner and at
the same times as would have been the case if such covenant defeasance had not occurred.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(f) The Company shall have delivered to the Trustee an Officer&rsquo;s
Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that all conditions precedent to the defeasance or covenant defeasance under
clause (2)&nbsp;or (3)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;4.2 (as the case may be) have been complied with.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(g) If the Securities are to be redeemed prior to their Stated Maturity
(other than from mandatory sinking fund payments or analogous payments), notice of such redemption shall have been duly given pursuant
to this Indenture or provision therefor satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(h) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Section&nbsp;4.2(4),
such defeasance or covenant defeasance shall be effected in compliance with any additional or substitute terms, conditions or limitations
which may be imposed on the Company in connection therewith pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Company shall pay and indemnify the Trustee against any tax,
fee or other charge, imposed on or assessed against the Government Obligations deposited pursuant to this Section&nbsp;4.2 or the
principal or interest received in respect thereof other than any such tax, fee or other charge which by law is for the account
of the Holders of such Outstanding Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Anything in this Section&nbsp;4.2 to the contrary notwithstanding,
the Trustee shall deliver or pay to the Company from time to time upon Company Request any money or Government Obligations (or
other property and any proceeds therefrom) held by it as provided in clause (4)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;4.2 which, in the opinion
of a nationally recognized Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm expressed in a written certification thereof delivered
to the Trustee, are in excess of the amount thereof which would then be required to be deposited to effect a defeasance or covenant
defeasance, as applicable, in accordance with this Section&nbsp;4.2.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;4.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Application of Trust Money</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Subject to the provisions of the last paragraph of Section&nbsp;10.3,
all money and Government Obligations (including the proceeds thereof) deposited with the Trustee or other qualifying trustee (solely
for purposes of this Section&nbsp;4.3, the Trustee and any such other trustee are referred to collectively as the &ldquo;Trustee&rdquo;)
pursuant to Section&nbsp;4.1 or Section&nbsp;4.2 in respect of any Outstanding Securities of any series shall be held in trust
and applied by the Trustee, in accordance with the provisions of the Securities and this Indenture, to the payment, either directly
or through any Paying Agent (including the Company acting as its own Paying Agent) as the Trustee may determine, to the Persons
entitled thereto, of the principal, premium, if any, interest and Additional Amounts, if any, for whose payment such money has
or Government Obligations have been deposited with or received by the Trustee; but such money and Government Obligations need not
be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.75pt">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;4.4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Qualifying Trustee</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Any trustee appointed pursuant to Section&nbsp;4.2 for the purpose
of holding trust funds deposited pursuant to that Section shall be appointed under an agreement in form acceptable to the Trustee
and shall provide to the Trustee a certificate of such trustee, upon which certificate the Trustee shall be entitled to conclusively
rely, that all conditions precedent provided for herein to the related defeasance or covenant defeasance have been complied with.
In no event shall the Trustee be liable for any acts or omissions of said trustee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 5 </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>REMEDIES </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;5.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Events of Default</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&ldquo;<U>Event of Default</U>,&rdquo; wherever used herein with
respect to Securities of any series, means any one of the following events (whatever the reason for such Event of Default and whether
it shall be voluntary or involuntary or be effected by operation of law or pursuant to any judgment, decree or order of any court
or any order, rule or regulation of any administrative or governmental body), unless such event is specifically deleted or modified
in or pursuant to the supplemental indenture, Board Resolution or Officer&rsquo;s Certificate establishing the terms of such series
pursuant to this Indenture:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) default for 30 days in the payment when due of any interest
on or any Additional Amount in respect of any Security of such series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) default in the payment of the principal of or any premium on
any Security of such series when the principal or premium becomes due and payable at Maturity;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(3) default in the deposit of any sinking fund payment when and
as due by the terms of any Security of such series, subject to any cure period specified in any Security of such series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(4) failure on the part of the Company duly to observe or perform
any other of the covenants or agreements (other than those described in clause (1), (2)&nbsp;or (3)&nbsp;above) on the part of
the Company with respect to that series contained in such Securities or otherwise established with respect to that series of Securities
pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1 hereof or contained in this Indenture (other than a covenant or agreement that has been expressly
included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of one or more series of Securities other than such series), other than the covenant
set forth in Section&nbsp;7.4, and such failure shall continue for a period of 60 days after the date on which written notice of
such failure, requiring the same to be remedied and stating that such notice is a &ldquo;Notice of Default&rdquo; shall have been
given to the Company by the Trustee, upon direction of Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities
of that series; provided, however, that if such failure is not capable of cure within such 60-day period, such 60-day period shall
be automatically extended by an additional 60 days so long as (i)&nbsp;such failure is subject to cure, and (ii)&nbsp;the Company
is using commercially reasonable efforts to cure such failure; and provided, further, that a failure to comply with any such other
agreement in the indenture that results from a change in GAAP shall not be deemed to be an Event of Default;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(5) a decree or order by a court having jurisdiction in the premises
shall have been entered adjudging the Company bankrupt or insolvent, or approving as properly filed a petition seeking liquidation
or reorganization of the Company under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law, and such decree
or order shall have continued unvacated and unstayed for a period of 90 days; an involuntary case shall be commenced under any
applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law in respect of the Company and shall continue undismissed
for a period of 90 days or an order for relief in such case shall have been entered and such order shall have remained in force
unvacated and unstayed for a period of 90 days; or a decree or order of a court having jurisdiction in the premises shall have
been entered for the appointment on the ground of insolvency or bankruptcy of a receiver, custodian, liquidator, trustee or assignee
in bankruptcy or insolvency of the Company or of its property, or for the winding up or liquidation of its affairs, and such decree
or order shall have remained in force unvacated and unstayed for a period of 90 days;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(6) the Company shall institute proceedings to be adjudicated a
voluntary bankrupt, shall consent to the filing of a bankruptcy proceeding against it, shall file a petition or answer or consent
seeking liquidation or reorganization under any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other similar law, shall consent
to the filing of any such petition or shall consent to the appointment on the ground of insolvency or bankruptcy of a receiver
or custodian or liquidator or trustee or assignee in bankruptcy or insolvency of it or of its property, or shall make a general
assignment for the benefit of creditors; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(7) any other Event of Default provided in or pursuant to the Indenture
with respect to Securities of the series, provided that any such Event of Default that results from a change in GAAP shall not
be deemed to be an Event of Default.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.75pt">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;5.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Acceleration of Maturity; Rescission and Annulment</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If an Event of Default specified in clause (5)&nbsp;or (6)&nbsp;of
the definition thereof above occurs, the principal of all Securities shall automatically become due and payable without further
action or notice, anything contained in this Indenture or the Securities of each series or established with respect to each series
pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1 to the contrary notwithstanding. If (a)&nbsp;upon the occurrence and continuance of an Event of Default
specified in clause (1)&nbsp;or (2)&nbsp;of the definition thereof, the Company and the Trustee receive notice in writing that
Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Notes of that series, or (b)&nbsp;upon the occurrence
and continuance of any other Event of Default other than an Event of Default specified in clause (1), (2), (5)&nbsp;and (6)&nbsp;of
the definition thereof, the Company and the Trustee receive notice in writing that Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate
principal amount of the Outstanding Notes of that series, have declared the principal of all Securities of that series to be due
and payable immediately, then upon any such declaration the same shall become and shall be immediately due and payable, anything
contained in this Indenture or in the Securities of that series or established with respect to that series to the contrary notwithstanding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">At any time after a declaration of acceleration or automatic acceleration
with respect to the Securities of any series has been made and before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been
obtained by the Trustee as hereafter in this Article 5 provided, the Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of
the Outstanding Securities of such series, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul the declaration
or automatic acceleration and its consequences if:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum of
money sufficient to pay (A)&nbsp;all overdue installments of interest on all Securities of such series and any Additional Amounts
payable with respect thereto, (B)&nbsp;the principal of and any premium on any Securities of the series which have become due otherwise
than by the declaration of acceleration or automatic acceleration and interest thereon and any Additional Amounts with respect
thereto at the rate or rates borne by or provided in such Securities, (C)&nbsp;interest upon overdue interest at the rate or rates
prescribed therefor in such Securities and (D)&nbsp;all sums paid or advanced by the Trustee hereunder and the reasonable compensation,
expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) all Events of Default with respect to Securities of such series,
other than the non-payment of the principal of, any premium and interest on, and any Additional Amounts with respect to, Securities
of such series which shall have become due solely by the acceleration, shall have been cured or waived as provided in Section&nbsp;5.3.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The sole remedy of the Holders for any failure on the part of the
Company to duly observe or perform the covenants and agreements set forth in Section&nbsp;7.4 shall be the right to receive Additional
Interest if and to the extent required by any Security, under the circumstances specified therein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;5.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Collection of Indebtedness and Suits for Enforcement by Trustee</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Company covenants that if:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) default is made in the payment of any installment of interest
on any Security, or any Additional Amounts payable with respect thereto, when such interest or Additional Amounts shall have become
due and payable and such default continues for any cure period specified with respect to such Security,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) default is made in the payment of any principal of or premium,
if any, on, or any Additional Amounts payable in respect of any principal of or premium, if any, on any Security at its Maturity;
or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(3) default is made in the deposit of any sinking fund payment,
when and as due by the terms of any Security and such default continues for any cure period specified with respect to such Security;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">the Company shall, upon demand of the Trustee, pay to the Trustee,
for the benefit of the Holders of such Securities, the whole amount of money then due and payable with respect to such Securities,
with interest upon the overdue principal, any premium and, to the extent that payment of such interest shall be legally enforceable,
upon any overdue installments of interest and Additional Amounts at the rate or rates borne by or provided for in such Securities,
and, in addition thereto, such further amount of money as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, including
the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel and all other amounts
due to the Trustee under Section&nbsp;6.7.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If the Company fails to pay the money it is required to pay the
Trustee pursuant to the preceding paragraph forthwith upon the demand of the Trustee, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee
of an express trust, may institute a judicial proceeding for the collection of the money so due and unpaid, and may prosecute such
proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce the same against the Company or any other obligor upon such Securities
and collect the monies adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law out of the property of the Company or any
other obligor upon such Securities, wherever situated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.75pt">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of any series
occurs and is continuing, the Trustee may, and if (A)&nbsp;an Event of Default specified in clause (1), (2), (5)&nbsp;or (6)&nbsp;of
the definition thereof occurs and is continuing, and Holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of such series direct, or (B)&nbsp;an Event of Default other than an Event of Default specified in clause (1), (2),
(5)&nbsp;or (6)&nbsp;of the definition thereof occurs and is continuing, and Holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal
amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series direct, so long as such Holders shall have provided the Trustee with such indemnity
as it shall require and subject to the provisions of Section&nbsp;5.12, the Trustee shall, proceed to protect and enforce its rights
and the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series by such appropriate judicial proceedings to protect and enforce any
such rights, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement in this Indenture or such Securities or in aid of
the exercise of any power granted herein or therein, or to enforce any other proper remedy.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;5.4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Trustee May File Proofs of Claim</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">In case of the pendency of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation,
bankruptcy, reorganization, arrangement, adjustment, composition or other judicial proceeding relative to the Company or any other
obligor upon the Securities or the property of the Company or such other obligor or their creditors, the Trustee (irrespective
of whether the principal of the Securities shall then be due and payable as therein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and
irrespective of whether the Trustee shall have made any demand on the Company for the payment of any overdue principal, premium,
interest or Additional Amounts) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount, or such lesser
amount as may be provided for in the Securities of such series, of the principal and any premium, interest and Additional Amounts
owing and unpaid in respect of the Securities and to file such other papers or documents as may be necessary or advisable in order
to have the claims of the Trustee (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of
the Trustee, its agents or counsel) and of the Holders of Securities allowed in such judicial proceeding, and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) to collect and receive any monies or other property payable
or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator
or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Holder of Securities to make such payments
to the Trustee and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Holders of Securities,
to pay to the Trustee any amount due to it for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Trustee,
its agents and counsel and any other amounts due the Trustee under Section&nbsp;6.7.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee
to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Holder of a Security any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment
or composition affecting the Securities or the rights of any Holder thereof, or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of
the claim of any Holder of a Security in any such proceeding.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;5.5</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Trustee May Enforce Claims without Possession of Securities</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">All rights of action and claims under this Indenture or any of the
Securities may be prosecuted and enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of the Securities or the production thereof
in any proceeding relating thereto, and any such proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee
of an express trust, and any recovery or judgment, after provision for the payment of the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements
and advances of the Trustee, its agents and counsel, shall be for the ratable benefit of each and every Holder of a Security in
respect of which such judgment has been recovered.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;5.6</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Application of Money Collected</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Any money collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article 5 with
respect to Securities of any series shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in
case of the distribution of such money on account of principal, or any premium, interest or Additional Amounts, upon presentation
of such Securities, and the notation thereon of the payment if only partially paid and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">FIRST: To the payment of all amounts due the Trustee and any predecessor
Trustee under Section&nbsp;6.7;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">SECOND: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid upon such
Securities for principal and any premium, interest and Additional Amounts in respect of which or for the benefit of which such
money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the aggregate amounts due and payable
on such Securities for principal and any premium, interest and Additional Amounts, respectively; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">THIRD: The balance, if any, to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.75pt">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;5.7</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Limitations on Suits</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">No Holder of any Security of any series shall have any right to
institute any proceeding, judicial or otherwise, with respect to this Indenture, or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee,
or for any other remedy hereunder, unless</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) such Holder has previously given written notice to the Trustee
of a continuing Event of Default with respect to the Securities of such series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) (a)&nbsp;in the case of an Event of Default specified in clause
(1), (2), (5)&nbsp;and (6)&nbsp;of the definition thereof, Holders of not less than 25%, or (b)&nbsp;in the case of an Event of
Default other than as specified in clause (1), (2), (5)&nbsp;and (6)&nbsp;of the definition thereof, Holders of not less than a
majority, in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series shall have made written request to the Trustee
to institute proceedings in respect of such Event of Default in its own name as Trustee hereunder;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(3) such Holder or Holders have offered to the Trustee indemnity
satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred in compliance with such request;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(4) the Trustee for 60 days after its receipt of such notice, request
and offer of indemnity has failed to institute any such proceeding; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(5) no direction inconsistent with such written request has been
given to the Trustee during such 60-day period by the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of
such series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">it being understood and intended that no one or more of such Holders
shall have any right in any manner whatever by virtue of, or by availing of, any provision of this Indenture or any Security to
affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of any other such Holders or Holders of Securities of any other series, or to obtain or
to seek to obtain priority or preference over any other Holders or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner
herein provided and for the equal and ratable benefit of all such Holders.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;5.8</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Unconditional Right of Holders to Receive Principal and any Premium, Interest and Additional Amounts</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Notwithstanding any other provision in this Indenture, the Holder
of any Security shall have the right, which is absolute and unconditional, to receive payment of the principal of, any premium
and (subject to Section&nbsp;3.5 and Section&nbsp;3.7) interest on, and any Additional Amounts with respect to, such Security,
on the respective Stated Maturity or Maturities therefor specified in such Security (or, in the case of redemption, on the Redemption
Date or, in the case of repayment at the option of such Holder if provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, on the date such repayment
is due) and to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment, and such right shall not be impaired without the consent
of such Holder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;5.9</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Restoration of Rights and Remedies</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If the Trustee or any Holder of a Security has instituted any proceeding
to enforce any right or remedy under this Indenture and such proceeding has been discontinued or abandoned for any reason, or has
been determined adversely to the Trustee or to such Holder, then and in every such case the Company, the Trustee and each such
Holder shall, subject to any determination in such proceeding, be restored severally and respectively to their former positions
hereunder, and thereafter all rights and remedies of the Trustee and each such Holder shall continue as though no such proceeding
had been instituted.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;5.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Rights and Remedies Cumulative</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Except as otherwise provided with respect to the replacement or
payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities in the last paragraph of Section&nbsp;3.6, no right or remedy herein
conferred upon or reserved to the Trustee or to each and every Holder of a Security is intended to be exclusive of any other right
or remedy, and every right and remedy, to the extent permitted by law, shall be cumulative and in addition to every other right
and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right
or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not, to the extent permitted by law, prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of
any other appropriate right or remedy.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;5.11</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Delay or Omission Not Waiver</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any Holder of any Security
to exercise any right or remedy accruing upon any Event of Default shall impair any such right or remedy or constitute a waiver
of any such Event of Default or an acquiescence therein. Every right and remedy given by this Article 5 or by law to the Trustee
or to any Holder of a Security may be exercised from time to time, and as often as may be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by
such Holder, as the case may be.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.75pt">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;5.12</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Control by Holders of Securities</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of any series shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy
available to the Trustee or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series,
provided that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law
or with this Indenture or with the Securities of any series and would not involve the Trustee in personal liability,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) the Trustee may take any other action deemed proper by the Trustee
which is not inconsistent with such direction, and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(3) such direction is not unduly prejudicial to the rights of the
other Holders of Securities of such series not joining in such action.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;5.13</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Waiver of Past or Existing Defaults</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of any series on behalf of the Holders of all the Securities of such series may waive any past or existing
default or Event of Default hereunder with respect to such series and its consequences, except a continuing default:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) in the payment of the principal of, any premium or interest
on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to, any Security of such series, or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) in respect of a covenant or provision hereof which under Article
9 hereof cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security of such series affected.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Upon any such waiver, such default or Event of Default shall cease
to exist, and any Event of Default arising therefrom shall be deemed to have been cured, for every purpose of this Indenture; but
no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent thereon.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;5.14</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Waiver of Stay or Extension Laws</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Company covenants that (to the extent that it may lawfully do
so) it will not at any time insist upon, or plead, or in any manner whatsoever claim or take the benefit or advantage of, any stay
or extension law wherever enacted, now or at any time hereafter in force, which may affect the covenants or the performance of
this Indenture; and the Company expressly waives (to the extent that it may lawfully do so) all benefit or advantage of any such
law and covenants that it will not hinder, delay or impede the execution of any power herein granted to the Trustee, but will suffer
and permit the execution of every such power as though no such law had been enacted.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;5.15</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Undertaking for Costs</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">All parties to this Indenture agree, and each Holder of any Security
by his or her acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for
the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted
by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of any undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such
court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees and expenses, against any party
litigant in such suit having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but
the provisions of this Section&nbsp;5.15 shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Holder,
or group of Holders, holding in the aggregate more than 10% in principal amount of Outstanding Securities of any series, or to
any suit instituted by any Holder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any,
on or Additional Amounts, if any, with respect to any Security on or after the respective Stated Maturities expressed in such Security
(or, in the case of redemption, on or after the Redemption Date, and, in the case of repayment, on or after the date for repayment)
or for the enforcement of the right, if any, to convert or exchange any Security into Common Stock or other securities, cash or
other property in accordance with its terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;<B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 6 </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>THE TRUSTEE </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Certain Duties and Responsibilities</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The duties and responsibilities of the Trustee shall be as provided
by the Trust Indenture Act. Except during the continuance of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series of
which a Responsible Officer has actual knowledge, the Trustee undertakes to perform such duties and only such duties as are specifically
set forth in this Indenture with respect to such Securities, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture
with respect to such Securities against the Trustee. In case an Event of Default of which a Responsible Officer has actual knowledge
with respect to the Securities of a series has occurred (which has not been cured or waived), the Trustee shall exercise the rights
and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, with respect to such Securities,
as a prudent person would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of such person&rsquo;s own affairs. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, no provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any
financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers. Whether
or not therein expressly so provided, every provision of this Indenture relating to the conduct or affecting the liability of or
affording protection to the Trustee shall be subject to the provisions of this Section&nbsp;6.1.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Certain Rights of Trustee</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Subject to the provisions of Section&nbsp;6.1:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) the Trustee may conclusively rely and shall be fully protected
in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request,
direction, consent, order, bond, debenture, note, coupon, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document (whether in
its original or facsimile form) believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) any request or direction of the Company mentioned herein shall
be sufficiently evidenced by a Company Request or a Company Order (in each case, other than delivery of any Security to the Trustee
for authentication and delivery pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.3 which shall be sufficiently evidenced as provided therein) and any
resolution of the Board of Directors of the Company may be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(3) whenever in the administration of this Indenture the Trustee
shall deem it desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking, suffering or omitting any action hereunder, the
Trustee (unless other evidence shall be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of bad faith on its part, request and
conclusively rely upon an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(4) the Trustee may consult with counsel of its selection and the
advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action
taken, suffered or omitted by it hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(5) the Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of
the rights or powers vested in it by or pursuant to this Indenture or to institute, conduct or defend any litigation hereunder
or in relation hereto at the request or direction of any of the Holders of Securities of any series pursuant to this Indenture,
unless such Holders shall have</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">offered to the Trustee security or indemnity reasonably satisfactory
to it against the costs, expenses and liabilities which might be incurred by it in compliance with such request or direction;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(6) the Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into
the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, direction,
consent, order, bond, debenture, coupon, note, other evidence of indebtedness or other paper or document, but the Trustee, in its
discretion, may but shall not be obligated to make such further inquiry or investigation into such facts or matters as it may see
fit, and, if the Trustee shall determine to make such further inquiry or investigation, it shall be entitled to examine, during
business hours and upon reasonable notice, the books, records and premises of the Company, personally or by agent or attorney at
the expense of the Company and shall incur no liability or additional liability of any kind by reason of such inquiry or investigation;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(7) the Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder
or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents, attorneys or custodians and the Trustee shall not be responsible
for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent, attorney or custodians appointed with due care by it hereunder;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(8) the Trustee shall not be liable in its individual capacity for
any action taken or suffered to be taken, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent, acted in bad faith or engaged
in willful misconduct;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(9) the Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, and Security Registrar
shall have the same protections as the Trustee set forth hereunder;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(10) the Trustee shall not be liable in its individual capacity
with respect to any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with this Indenture, and, to
the extent not so provided herein, with respect to any act requiring the Trustee to exercise its own discretion, relating to the
time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred
upon the Trustee, under this Indenture or any Securities, unless it shall be proved that, in connection with any such action taken,
suffered or omitted or any such act, the Trustee was negligent, acted in bad faith or engaged in willful misconduct;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(11) no provision of this Indenture shall require the Trustee to
expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur any financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder, or in
the exercise of any of its rights or powers;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(12) the Trustee shall not be charged with knowledge or required
to take notice of any default or Event of Default with respect to the Securities unless either (A)&nbsp;a Responsible Officer shall
have actual knowledge of such default or Event of Default or (B)&nbsp;written notice of such default or Event of Default, which
references the Securities and this Indenture, shall have been given to a Responsible Officer by the Company or other obligor on
such Securities or by any Holder of such Securities;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(13) the Trustee shall not be liable in its individual capacity
for any action taken, suffered or omitted by it in good faith and reasonably believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion
or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(14) the rights, privileges, protections, immunities and benefits
given to the Trustee, including, without limitation, its right to be indemnified, are extended to, and shall be enforceable by,
the Trustee in each of its capacities hereunder, and each agent, custodian, director, officer, employee and other Person employed
to act hereunder;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(15) the Trustee may request that the Company deliver an Officer&rsquo;s
Certificate setting forth the names of individuals and/or titles of Officers authorized at such time to take specified actions
pursuant to this Indenture, which Officer&rsquo;s Certificate may be signed by any person authorized to sign an Officer&rsquo;s
Certificate, including any person specified as so authorized in any such certificate previously delivered and not superseded;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(16) the permissive rights of the Trustee to take certain actions
under or perform any discretionary act enumerated in this Indenture shall not be construed as a duty unless so specified herein,
and the Trustee shall not be answerable for other than its negligence or willful misconduct in the performance of such action or
act;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(17) the Trustee shall not be liable in its individual capacity
with respect to any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with this Indenture or at the
direction of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities relating to the time, method
and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising or omitting to exercise any trust
or power conferred upon the Trustee, under this Indenture;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(18) in no event shall the Trustee be liable for special, indirect
or consequential loss or damage of any kind whatsoever (including but not limited to lost profits) even if the Trustee has been
advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form of action; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(19) in no event shall the Trustee be responsible or liable for
any failure or delay in the performance of its obligations hereunder arising out of or caused by, directly or indirectly, forces
beyond its control, including, without limitation strikes, work stoppages, accidents, acts of war or terrorism, civil or military
disturbances, nuclear or natural catastrophes or acts of God, and interruptions, loss or malfunctions of utilities, communications
or computer (software and hardware) services; it being understood that the Trustee shall use reasonable efforts which are consistent
with accepted practices in the banking industry to resume performance as soon as practicable under the circumstances.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Notice of Defaults</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Within 90 days after the occurrence of any default hereunder with
respect to the Securities of any series of which a Responsible Officer has actual knowledge, the Trustee shall give the Holders
of Securities of such series entitled to receive reports pursuant to Section&nbsp;7.3, notice of such default hereunder actually
known to a Responsible Officer, unless such default shall have been cured or waived; provided, however, that, except in the case
of a default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any), or interest, if any, on, or Additional Amounts or any sinking
fund or purchase fund installment with respect to, any Security of such series, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such
notice if and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee or a trust committee of directors and/or Responsible Officers
in good faith determine that the withholding of such notice is in the best interest of the Holders of Securities of such series;
and provided, further, that in the case of any default of the character specified in Section&nbsp;5.1(4) with respect to Securities
of such series, no such notice to Holders shall be given until at least 30 days after the occurrence thereof. For the purpose of
this Section, the term &ldquo;<U>default</U>&rdquo; means any event that is, or after notice or lapse of time or both would become,
an Event of Default with respect to Securities of such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Not Responsible for Recitals or Issuance of Securities</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The recitals contained herein and in the Securities, except the
Trustee&rsquo;s certificate of authentication, shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and neither the Trustee nor any
Authenticating Agent assumes any responsibility for their correctness. The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity,
sufficiency or priority of this Indenture or of the Securities. Neither the Trustee nor any Authenticating Agent shall be accountable
for the use or application by the Company of the Securities or the proceeds thereof. Except with respect to the authentication
of Securities pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.3, the Trustee shall not be responsible for the legality or the validity of this Indenture
or any Securities issued or to be issued hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.5</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>May Hold Securities</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Trustee, any Authenticating Agent, any Paying Agent, any Security
Registrar or any other Person that may be an agent of the Trustee or the Company, in its individual or any other capacity, may
become the owner or pledgee of Securities and, subject to Sections 310(b) and 311 of the Trust Indenture Act, may otherwise deal
with the Company with the same rights it would have if it were not the Trustee, Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent, Security Registrar
or such other Person.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.6</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Money Held in Trust</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Money held by the Trustee in trust hereunder need not be segregated
from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under no liability for interest on any money received
by it hereunder except as otherwise agreed in writing with the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.7</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Compensation and Reimbursement</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Company agrees:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) to pay to the Trustee from time to time such compensation as
shall be agreed upon from time to time in writing between the Company and the Trustee for all services rendered by the Trustee
hereunder (which compensation shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express
trust);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) except as otherwise expressly provided herein, to reimburse
the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance
with any provision of this Indenture arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of the trust or trusts
hereunder (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its agents and counsel), except any such
expense, disbursement or advance as may be caused by the Trustee&rsquo;s own negligence or willful misconduct; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(3) to fully indemnify each of the Trustee and any predecessor Trustee
and its agents, officers, directors and employees for, and to hold them harmless against, any loss, liability, damage, claim or
expense (including reasonable legal fees and expenses), including taxes (other than taxes based on the income of the Trustee),
incurred without negligence or willful misconduct on their part, arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration
of the trust or trusts hereunder, including the reasonable costs and expenses of defending themselves against any claim or liability
(whether asserted by the Company, a Holder of Securities, or any other Person) in connection with the exercise or performance of
any of their powers or duties hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">As security for the performance of the payment obligations of the
Company under this Section&nbsp;6.6, the Trustee shall have a lien prior to the Securities of any series upon all property and
funds held or collected by the Trustee as such, except funds held in trust for the payment of principal of, and premium or interest
on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to, particular Securities. Such lien shall survive the resignation or removal of the
Trustee and the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture. Without prejudice to any other rights available to the Trustee under
applicable law, when the Trustee incurs expenses or renders services after a default or Event of Default specified in Section&nbsp;5.1(5)
and 5.1(6) hereof occurs, the expenses and the compensation for the services (including the fees and expense of its agents and
counsel) are intended to constitute expense of administration under U.S. Code, Title 11 or any other similar foreign, federal or
state law for the relief of debtors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.75pt">&nbsp;</P>


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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Without prejudice to any other rights available to the Trustee under
applicable law, to the extent permitted by law any compensation or expense incurred by the Trustee after a default specified in
or pursuant to Section&nbsp;5.1 is intended to constitute an expense of administration under any then applicable bankruptcy or
insolvency law. &ldquo;<U>Trustee</U>&rdquo; for purposes of this Section&nbsp;6.7 shall include any predecessor Trustee but the
negligence or willful misconduct of any Trustee shall not affect the rights of any other Trustee under this Section&nbsp;6.7.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Notwithstanding any other provision of this Indenture to the contrary,
in no event shall the Trustee be liable for special, indirect or consequential damages of any kind whatsoever (including but not
limited to lost profits) even if the Trustee had been advised of the likelihood of such loss or damage and regardless of the form
of action.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The provisions of this Section&nbsp;6.7 shall survive the satisfaction
and discharge of this Indenture or the earlier resignation or removal of the Trustee and shall apply with equal force and effect
to the Trustee in its capacity as Authenticating Agent, Paying Agent or Security Registrar.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.8</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Corporate Trustee Required; Eligibility; Conflicting Interests</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">There shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder that is a Corporation
or a national banking association, organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America, any state thereof
or the District of Columbia, eligible under Section&nbsp;310(a)(1) of the Trust Indenture Act to act as trustee under an indenture
qualified under the Trust Indenture Act and that has a combined capital and surplus (computed in accordance with Section&nbsp;310(a)(2)
of the Trust Indenture Act) of at least $50,000,000 subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authority. If at
any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section&nbsp;6.8, it shall resign immediately
in the manner and with the effect hereinafter specified in this Article 6.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If the Trustee has or shall acquire a conflicting interest within
the meaning of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee shall either eliminate such interest or resign, to the extent and in the manner
provided by, and subject to the provisions of, the Trust Indenture Act and this Indenture. To the extent permitted by such Act,
the Trustee shall not be deemed to have a conflicting interest by virtue of being a trustee under this Indenture with respect to
Securities of more than one series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.9</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Resignation and Removal; Appointment of Successor</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) No resignation or removal of the Trustee and no appointment
of a successor Trustee pursuant to this Article 6 shall become effective until the acceptance of appointment by the successor Trustee
pursuant to Section&nbsp;6.10.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) The Trustee may resign at any time with respect to the Securities
of one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the Company. If the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required
by Section&nbsp;6.10 shall not have been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such notice of resignation,
the resigning Trustee may petition, at the expense of the Company, any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a
successor Trustee with respect to such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(3) The Trustee may be removed at any time with respect to the Securities
of any series by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, delivered to
the Trustee and the Company. If the instrument of acceptance by a successor Trustee required by Section&nbsp;6.10 shall not have
been delivered to the Trustee within 30 days after the giving of such notice of removal, the Trustee being removed may petition,
at the expense of the Company, any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to such
series. The Trustee for one or more series of Securities may be removed by the Company, so long as no default or Event of Default
has occurred and is continuing with respect to such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(4) If at any time:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(a) the Trustee shall fail to comply with the obligations imposed
upon it under Section&nbsp;310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act with respect to Securities of any series after written request therefor
by the Company or any Holder of a Security of such series who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least
six months,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(b) the Trustee shall cease to be eligible under Section&nbsp;6.8
and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or any such Holder, or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(c) the Trustee shall become incapable of acting or shall be adjudged
bankrupt or insolvent or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or any public officer shall take charge
or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation, then, in
any such case,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the Company, by or pursuant
to a Company Order, may remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities or the Securities of such series, or</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">subject to Section&nbsp;5.15,
any Holder of a Security who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least six months may, on behalf of
himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee with respect
to all Securities of such series and the appointment of a successor Trustee or Trustees.</FONT></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(5) If the Trustee shall resign, be removed or become incapable
of acting, or if a vacancy shall occur in the office of Trustee for any cause, with respect to the Securities of one or more series,
the Company, by or pursuant to a Company Order, shall promptly appoint a successor Trustee or Trustees with respect to the Securities
of such series (it being understood that any such successor Trustee may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more
or all of such series and that at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series)
and shall comply with the applicable requirements of Section&nbsp;6.10. If, within one year after such resignation, removal or
incapacity, or the occurrence of such vacancy, a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series shall be appointed
by Act of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series delivered to the Company and
the retiring Trustee, the successor Trustee so appointed shall, forthwith upon its acceptance of such appointment in accordance
with the applicable requirements of Section&nbsp;6.10, become the successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series
and to that extent supersede the successor Trustee appointed by the Company. If no successor Trustee with respect to the Securities
of any series shall have been so appointed by the Company or the Holders of Securities and accepted appointment in the manner required
by Section&nbsp;6.10, any Holder of a Security who has been a bona fide Holder of a Security of such series for at least six months
may, on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of
a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(6) The Company shall give notice of each resignation and each removal
of the Trustee with respect to the Securities of any series and each appointment of a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities
of any series by mailing written notice of such event by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to the Holders of Registered Securities,
if any, of such series as their names and addresses appear in the Security Register. Each notice shall include the name of the
successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of such series and the address of its Corporate Trust Office.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(7) In no event shall any retiring Trustee be liable for the acts
or omissions of any successor Trustee hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.10</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Acceptance of Appointment by Successor</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) Upon the appointment hereunder of any successor Trustee with
respect to all Securities, such successor Trustee so appointed shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and the retiring
Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become
effective and such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers,
trusts and duties hereunder of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or such successor Trustee, such retiring
Trustee, upon payment of its charges, shall execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor Trustee all the rights,
powers and trusts of the retiring Trustee and, subject to Section&nbsp;10.3, shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor
Trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder, subject nevertheless to its lien, if any, provided for
in Section&nbsp;6.7.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) Upon the appointment hereunder of any successor Trustee with
respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring Trustee and such successor Trustee shall
execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor Trustee shall accept such appointment and which (a)&nbsp;shall
contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, such successor Trustee all
the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the
appointment of such successor Trustee relates, (b)&nbsp;if the retiring Trustee is not retiring with respect to all Securities,
shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties
of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring
and shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee and (c)&nbsp;shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture
as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being
understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust,
that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered
by any other such Trustee and that no Trustee shall be responsible for any notice given to, or received by, or any act or failure
to act on the part of any other Trustee hereunder, and, upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture, the resignation
or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein, such retiring Trustee shall have no further
responsibility for the exercise of rights and powers or for the performance of the duties and obligations vested in the Trustee
under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee
relates other than as hereinafter expressly set forth, and such successor Trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance,
shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that
or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates; but, on request of the Company or such successor Trustee,
such retiring Trustee, upon payment of its charges with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment
of such successor Trustee relates and subject to Section&nbsp;10.3 shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor Trustee,
to the extent contemplated by such supplemental indenture, the property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with
respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor Trustee relates, subject to its lien,
if any, provided for in Section&nbsp;6.7.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(3) Upon request of any Person appointed hereunder as a successor
Trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor
Trustee all such rights, powers and trusts.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(4) No Person shall accept its appointment hereunder as a successor
Trustee unless at the time of such acceptance such successor Person shall be qualified and eligible under this Article 6.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.11</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Merger; Conversion; Consolidation; or Succession to Business</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Any Corporation or national banking association into which the Trustee
may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any Corporation or national banking association resulting from
any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any Corporation or national banking association
succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate trust business of the Trustee by sale or otherwise, shall be the successor
of the Trustee hereunder, provided such Corporation or national banking association shall otherwise be qualified and eligible under
this Article 6, in each case without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties
hereto. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated but not delivered by the Trustee then in office, any successor by
merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities so
authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;6.12</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Appointment of Authenticating Agent</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Trustee may appoint one or more Authenticating Agents acceptable
to the Company with respect to one or more series of Securities which shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate
Securities of that or those series issued upon original issue, exchange, registration of transfer, partial redemption or partial
repayment or pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.6, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture
and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. Wherever reference is made in
this Indenture to the authentication and delivery of Securities by the Trustee or the Trustee&rsquo;s certificate of authentication,
such reference shall be deemed to include authentication and delivery on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent and a
certificate of authentication executed on behalf of the Trustee by an Authenticating Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Each Authenticating Agent must be acceptable to the Company and,
except as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, shall at all times be a Corporation or national banking association that would
be permitted by the Trust Indenture Act to act as trustee under an indenture qualified under the Trust Indenture Act, is authorized
under applicable law and by its charter to act as an Authenticating Agent and has a combined capital and surplus (computed in accordance
with Section&nbsp;310(a)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act) of at least $50,000,000. If at any time an Authenticating Agent shall cease
to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section&nbsp;6.12, it shall resign immediately in the manner and with
the effect specified in this Section&nbsp;6.12.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Any Corporation or national banking association into which an Authenticating
Agent may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any Corporation or national banking association resulting
from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which such Authenticating Agent shall be a party, or any Corporation or national
banking association succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate agency or corporate trust business of an Authenticating
Agent, shall be the successor of such Authenticating Agent hereunder, provided such Corporation or national banking association
shall be otherwise eligible under this Section&nbsp;6.12, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the
part of the Trustee or the Authenticating Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">An Authenticating Agent may resign at any time by giving written
notice thereof to the Trustee and the Company. The Trustee may at any time terminate the agency of an Authenticating Agent by giving
written notice thereof to such Authenticating Agent and the Company. Upon receiving such a notice of resignation or upon such a
termination, or in case at any time such Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this
Section&nbsp;6.12, the Trustee may appoint a successor Authenticating Agent which shall be acceptable to the Company and shall
mail written notice of such appointment by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to all Holders of Registered Securities, if any,
of the series with respect to which such Authenticating Agent shall serve, as their names and addresses appear in the Security
Register. Any successor Authenticating Agent, upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder, shall become vested with all the rights,
powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder, with like effect as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent. No successor
Authenticating Agent shall be appointed unless eligible under the provisions of this Section&nbsp;6.12.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.75pt">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Company agrees to pay each Authenticating Agent from time to
time reasonable compensation for its services under this Section&nbsp;6.12 to the extent agreed in writing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The provisions of Section&nbsp;3.3, Section&nbsp;6.1, Section&nbsp;6.4
and Section&nbsp;6.5 shall be applicable to each Authenticating Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If an Authenticating Agent is appointed with respect to one or more
series of Securities pursuant to this Section&nbsp;6.12, the Securities of such series may have endorsed thereon, in addition to
or in lieu of the Trustee&rsquo;s certificate of authentication, an alternate certificate of authentication in substantially the
following form:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">This is one of the Securities of the series designated therein referred
to in the within-mentioned Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U> ,</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">as Trustee</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 3%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; width: 37%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">
</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">As Authenticating Agent</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">
</TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Authorized Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Dated: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If all of the Securities of any series may not be originally issued
at one time, and if the Trustee does not have an office capable of authenticating Securities upon original issuance located in
a Place of Payment where the Company wishes to have Securities of such series authenticated upon original issuance, the Trustee,
if so requested by Company Request (which writing need not be accompanied by or contained in an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate), shall
appoint in accordance with this Section&nbsp;6.12 (and subject to such procedures as shall be acceptable to the Trustee) an Authenticating
Agent having an office in a Place of Payment designated by the Company with respect to such series of Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 7 </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>HOLDERS LISTS AND REPORTS BY TRUSTEE AND
COMPANY </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Company to Furnish Trustee Names and Addresses of Holders</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">In accordance with Section&nbsp;312(a) of the Trust Indenture Act,
the Company shall furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) semi-annually with respect to Securities of each series not
later than 15 days after each Regular Record Date in respect of Securities of a series, a list, in each case in such form as the
Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of Holders of such Securities as of the applicable date, and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing, within
30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15
days prior to the time such list is furnished,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">provided, however, that so long as the Trustee is the Security Registrar
no such list shall be required to be furnished.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Preservation of Information; Communications to Holders</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Trustee shall comply with the obligations imposed upon it pursuant
to Section&nbsp;312 of the Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Every Holder of Securities, by receiving and holding the same, agrees
with the Company and the Trustee that neither the Company, the Trustee, any Paying Agent or any Security Registrar shall be held
accountable by reason of the disclosure of any such information as to the names and addresses of the Holders of Securities in accordance
with Section&nbsp;312 of the Trust Indenture Act, regardless of the source from which such information was derived, and that the
Trustee shall not be held accountable by reason of mailing any material pursuant to a request made under Section&nbsp;312(b) of
the Trust Indenture Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.75pt">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Reports by Trustee</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) Within 60 days after May&nbsp;15 of each year commencing with
the first May&nbsp;15 following the first issuance of Securities pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1, if required by Section&nbsp;313(a)
of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee shall transmit, pursuant to Section&nbsp;313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act, a brief report
dated as of such May&nbsp;15 with respect to any of the events specified in said Section&nbsp;313(a) that may have occurred since
the later of the immediately preceding May&nbsp;15 and the date of this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) The Trustee shall transmit any reports required by Section&nbsp;313(a)
of the Trust Indenture Act at the times specified therein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(3) A copy of each report, if any, described in Section&nbsp;7.3(1)
and (2)&nbsp;shall, at the time of such transmission to Holders, be filed by the Trustee with each stock exchange, if any, upon
which the Securities are listed, with the Commission and with the Company. The Company will promptly notify the Trustee when the
Securities are listed on any stock exchange and of any delisting thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;7.4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Reports by Company</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Company, pursuant to Section&nbsp;314(a) of the Trust Indenture
Act, shall:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) file with the Trustee, within 30 days after the Company has
filed the same with the Commission, unless such reports are available on the Commission&rsquo;s EDGAR filing system (or any successor
thereto), copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of
the foregoing as the Commission may from time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) which the Company may be required to
file with the Commission pursuant to Section&nbsp;13 or Section&nbsp;15(d) of the Exchange Act; or, if the Company is not required
to file information, documents or reports pursuant to either of Section&nbsp;13 or Section&nbsp;15(d) of the Exchange Act, then
it shall file with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the
Commission, such of the supplementary and periodic information, documents and reports which may be required pursuant to Section&nbsp;13
of the Exchange Act in respect of a security listed and registered on a national securities exchange as may be prescribed from
time to time in such rules and regulations;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) file with the Trustee and the Commission, in accordance with
rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission, such additional information, documents and reports with respect
to compliance by the Company with the conditions and covenants of this Indenture as may be required from time to time by such rules
and regulations; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(3) transmit within 30 days after the filing thereof with the Trustee,
in the manner and to the extent provided in Section&nbsp;313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act, such summaries of any information,
documents and reports required to be filed by the Company pursuant to paragraphs (1)&nbsp;and (2)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;7.4
as may be required by rules and regulations prescribed from time to time by the Commission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Delivery of such reports, information and documents to the Trustee
is for informational purposes only and the Trustee&rsquo;s receipt of such shall not constitute constructive notice of any information
contained therein or determinable from information contained therein, including the Company&rsquo;s compliance with any of its
covenants hereunder (as to which the Trustee is entitled to rely exclusively on Officer&rsquo;s Certificates).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 8 </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>CONSOLIDATION, MERGER AND SALES </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;8.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Company May Consolidate, etc., Only on Certain Terms</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Company shall not directly or indirectly consolidate with or
merge with or into, or sell, assign, transfer, lease, convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of its assets and
properties and the assets and properties of its Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) to another Person in one or more related transactions
unless:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) either: (A)&nbsp;the Company is the survivor; or (B)&nbsp;the
Person formed by or surviving any such consolidation or merger (if other than the Company) or to which such sale, assignment, transfer,
lease, conveyance or other disposition has been made is a Person organized or existing under the laws of the United States, any
state of the United States or the District of Columbia;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) the Person formed by or surviving any such consolidation or
merger (if other than the Company) or the Person to which such sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition
has been made shall expressly assume, by an indenture (or indentures, if at such time there is more than one Trustee) supplemental
hereto, in form reasonably satisfactory to the Trustee, executed by the successor Person and delivered to the Trustee, the due
and punctual payment of the principal of, any premium and interest on and any Additional Amounts with respect to, all the Securities
and the performance of every obligation in this Indenture and the Outstanding Securities on the part of the Company to be performed
or observed and shall provide for conversion or exchange rights in accordance with the provisions of the Securities of any series
that are convertible or exchangeable into Common Stock or other securities, cash or other property;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(3) either the Company or the successor Person shall have delivered
to the Trustee an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate and an Opinion of Counsel, each stating that such consolidation, merger, sale, assignment,
transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition and, if a supplemental indenture is required in connection with such transaction,
such supplemental indenture comply with this Article 8 and that all conditions precedent herein provided for relating to such transaction
have been complied with; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(4) immediately after giving effect to such transaction, no Event
of Default or event which, after notice or lapse of time, or both, would become an Event of Default, shall have occurred and be
continuing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;8.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Successor Person Substituted for Company</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Upon any consolidation by the Company with or merger of the Company
into any other Person or Persons where the Company is not the survivor or any sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or
other disposition of all or substantially all of the properties and assets of the Company and the properties and assets of its
Subsidiaries (taken as a whole) to any Person or Persons in accordance with Section&nbsp;8.1, the successor Person formed by such
consolidation or into which the Company is merged or to which such sale, assignment, transfer, lease, conveyance or other disposition
is made shall succeed to, and be substituted for, and may exercise every right and power of, the Company under this Indenture with
the same effect as if such successor Person had been named as the Company herein; and thereafter, except in the case of a lease,
the predecessor Person shall be released from all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 9 </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Supplemental Indentures Without Consent of Holders</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Without the consent of any Holders of Securities, the Company (when
authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution) and the Trustee, at any time and from time to time, may enter into one or more
indentures supplemental hereto, in form satisfactory to the Trustee, for any of the following purposes:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) to evidence the succession of another Person to the Company,
and the assumption by any such successor of the covenants of the Company contained herein and in the Securities;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) to add to the covenants of the Company for the benefit of the
Holders of all or any series of Securities (as shall be specified in such supplemental indenture or indentures) or to surrender
any right or power herein conferred upon the Company; provided, that in respect of any such additional covenant, such supplemental
indenture may provide for a particular period of grace after default (which period may be shorter or longer than that allowed in
the case of other defaults) or may provide for an immediate enforcement upon such a default or may limit the remedies available
to the Trustee upon an Event of Default or may limit the right of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
Securities of such series to waive such an Event of Default;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(3) to establish the form or terms of Securities of any series as
permitted by Section&nbsp;2.1 and Section&nbsp;3.1;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(4) to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder
by a successor Trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series and to add to or change any of the provisions of this
Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee,
pursuant to the requirements of Section&nbsp;6.10;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(5) to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision
herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision herein, or to make any other provisions with respect to
matters or questions arising under this Indenture; provided that no action pursuant to this clause (5)&nbsp;shall adversely affect
the interests of the Holders of Securities of any series then Outstanding in any material respect;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(6) to add to, delete from or revise the conditions, limitations
and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms or purposes of issue, authentication and delivery of Securities, as herein set
forth;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.75pt">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(7) to add any additional Events of Default with respect to all
or any series of Securities (as shall be specified in such supplemental indenture);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(8) to supplement any of the provisions of this Indenture to such
extent as shall be necessary for the defeasance and discharge of any series of Securities pursuant to Article 4, provided that
any such action shall not adversely affect the interests of any Holder of an Outstanding Security of such series or any other Security
in any material respect;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(9) to make provisions with respect to conversion or exchange rights
of Holders of Securities of any series;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(10) to add guarantees in respect of the Securities of one or more
series and to provide for the terms and conditions of release thereof;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(11) to convey, transfer, assign, mortgage or pledge to the Trustee
as security for the Securities of one or more series any property or assets and to provide for the terms and conditions of release
thereof;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(12) to change or eliminate any of the provisions of this Indenture,
provided that any such change or elimination shall become effective only when there is no Outstanding Security of any series created
prior to the execution of such supplemental indenture that is entitled to the benefit of such provision;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(13) to provide for Definitive Securities in addition to or in place
of Global Securities;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(14) to qualify the Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(15) with respect to the Securities of a series, to conform the
text of the Indenture or the Securities of such series to any provision of the description thereof in the Company&rsquo;s offering
memorandum or prospectus relating to the initial offering of such Securities, to the extent that such provision, in the good faith
judgment of the Company, was intended to be a verbatim recitation of a provision of the Indenture or such Securities; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(16) to make any other change that does not adversely affect the
rights of Holders of Outstanding Securities in any material respect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Trustee is hereby required to join with the Company and any
guarantors in the execution of any such supplemental indenture, to make any further appropriate agreements and stipulations which
may be therein contained and to accept the conveyance, transfer, assignment, mortgage or pledge of any property thereunder, but
the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such supplemental indenture that affects the Trustee&rsquo;s own rights, duties
or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Supplemental Indentures With Consent of Holders</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">With the consent of the Holders of not less than a majority (or
such greater amount as is provided for a particular series of Securities) in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of
each series affected by such supplemental indenture (including consents obtained in connection with a purchase of, or tender offer
or exchange offer for, Securities of such series), by Act of said Holders delivered to the Company and the Trustee, the Company
(when authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution) and the Trustee may enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto
for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or
of modifying in any manner the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series under this Indenture or of the Securities of
such series; provided, however, that no such supplemental indenture, without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security
affected thereby, shall:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) change the Stated Maturity of the principal of, or any premium
or installment of interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to, any Security, or reduce the principal amount thereof or
the rate (or modify the calculation of such rate in a manner that reduces such rate) of interest thereon or any Additional Amounts
with respect thereto, or any premium payable upon the redemption thereof or otherwise, or change the obligation of the Company
to pay Additional Amounts pursuant to Section&nbsp;10.4, or reduce the amount of the principal of an Original Issue Discount Security
that would be due and payable upon a declaration of acceleration of the Maturity thereof pursuant to Section&nbsp;5.2 or the amount
thereof provable in bankruptcy pursuant to Section&nbsp;5.4, change the redemption provisions or adversely affect the right of
repayment at the option of any Holder as contemplated by Article 13, or change the Place of Payment for any Security or the Currency
in which the principal of, any premium or interest on, or any Additional Amounts with respect to any Security is payable, or impair
the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after the Stated Maturity thereof (or, in the case of
redemption, on or after the Redemption Date or, in the case of repayment at the option of the Holder, on or after the date for
repayment);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.75pt">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) reduce the percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of any series the consent of the Holders of which are required for any such supplemental indenture, or the consent of
whose Holders is required for any waiver (of compliance with certain provisions of this Indenture or certain defaults hereunder
and their consequences) provided for in this Indenture, or reduce the requirements of Section&nbsp;15.4 for quorum or voting;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(3) modify any of the provisions of this Section&nbsp;9.2 or Section&nbsp;5.13
or Section&nbsp;10.5, except to increase any such percentage or to provide that certain other provisions of this Indenture cannot
be modified or waived without the consent of the Holder of each Outstanding Security affected thereby; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(4) make any change that adversely affects the right to convert
or exchange any Security into or for Common Stock or other securities, cash or other property in accordance with the terms of such
Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">A supplemental indenture that changes or eliminates any covenant
or other provision of this Indenture that shall have been included expressly and solely for the benefit of one or more particular
series of Securities, or that modifies the rights of the Holders of Securities of such series with respect to such covenant or
other provision, shall be deemed not to affect the rights under this Indenture of the Holders of Securities of any other series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">It shall not be necessary for any Act of Holders of Securities under
this Section&nbsp;9.2 to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such
Act shall approve the substance thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Upon the request of the Company, accompanied by a copy of a Board
Resolution authorizing the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and upon the filing with the Trustee of evidence of the
consent of Holders of Securities as aforesaid, the Trustee shall join with the Company and any guarantors in the execution of such
supplemental indenture unless such supplemental indenture affects the Trustee&rsquo;s own rights, duties or immunities under this
Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion, but shall not be obligated to, enter into such supplemental
indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Execution of Supplemental Indentures</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">As a condition to executing, or accepting the additional trusts
created by, any supplemental indenture permitted by this Article 9 or the modifications thereby of the trusts created by this Indenture,
the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate and Opinion
of Counsel stating that the execution of such supplemental indenture is authorized or permitted by this Indenture. The Trustee
may, but shall not be obligated to, enter into any such supplemental indenture that affects the Trustee&rsquo;s own rights, duties
or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Revocation of Consents</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Notwithstanding clause (5)&nbsp;of Section&nbsp;1.4, any Holder
of a Security or future Holder of the same Security may revoke a consent as to its Security or portion of a Security. Any revocation
of a consent by the Holder of a Security or any such future Holder shall be effective only if the Trustee receives the notice of
revocation before the date on which the Trustee receives an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate from the Company certifying that the requisite
number of consents have been received. If, however, a record date is fixed pursuant to Section&nbsp;1.4, then notwithstanding the
second preceding sentence, those Persons who were Holders at such record date (or their duly designated proxies), and only those
Persons, shall be entitled to revoke any consent previously given, whether or not such Persons continue to be Holders after such
record date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.5</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Effect of Supplemental Indentures</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">A supplemental indenture or waiver becomes effective upon the (a)&nbsp;receipt
by the Company or the Trustee of the requisite number of consents (if required), (b)&nbsp;satisfaction of any conditions to effectiveness
as set forth in this Indenture or any such supplemental indenture or waiver and (c)&nbsp;with respect to a supplemental indenture,
execution of such supplemental indenture by the Company and the Trustee. After a supplemental indenture or waiver becomes effective,
it shall bind every Holder, unless it makes a change described in any of clauses (1)&nbsp;through (4)&nbsp;of Section&nbsp;9.2,
in which case, the supplemental indenture or waiver shall bind a Holder of a Security who is affected thereby only if it has consented
to such supplemental indenture or waiver and every subsequent Holder of a Security or portion of a Security that evidences the
same debt as the consenting Holder&rsquo;s Security. Upon the effectiveness of any supplemental indenture under this Article, this
Indenture shall be modified in accordance therewith, and such supplemental indenture shall form a part of this Indenture for all
purposes; and, except as provided in the preceding sentence, every Holder of Securities theretofore or thereafter authenticated
and delivered hereunder shall be bound thereby.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.75pt">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.6</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Reference in Securities to Supplemental Indentures</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Securities of any series authenticated and delivered after the execution
of any supplemental indenture pursuant to this Article 9 may, and shall if required by the Trustee, bear a notation in form approved
by the Trustee as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Securities
of any series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Trustee and the Company, to any such supplemental indenture may
be prepared and executed by the Company and authenticated and delivered by the Trustee in exchange for Outstanding Securities of
such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.7</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Conformity with Trust Indenture Act</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Every supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article 9
shall conform to the requirements of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;9.8</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Notice of Supplemental Indenture</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Promptly after the execution by the Company and the Trustee of any
supplemental indenture pursuant to Section&nbsp;9.2, the Company shall transmit to the Holders of Outstanding Securities of any
series affected thereby a notice setting forth the substance of such supplemental indenture; provided, that any failure to provide,
or any defect in any such notice, shall not impair the validity of any such supplemental indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 10 </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>COVENANTS </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Payment of Principal, any Premium, Interest and Additional Amounts</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Company covenants and agrees for the benefit of the Holders
of the Securities of each series that it will duly and punctually pay the principal of, any premium and interest on and any Additional
Amounts with respect to, the Securities of such series in accordance with the terms thereof and this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Maintenance of Office or Agency</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Company shall maintain in each Place of Payment for any series
of Securities an Office or Agency where Securities of such series may be presented or surrendered for payment, where Securities
of such series may be surrendered for registration of transfer or exchange, where Securities of such series that are convertible
or exchangeable may be surrendered for conversion or exchange, and where notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect
of the Securities of such series relating thereto and this Indenture may be served. The Company will give prompt written notice
to the Trustee of the location, and any change in the location, of such Office or Agency. If at any time the Company shall fail
to maintain any such required Office or Agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations,
surrenders, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints
the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, surrenders, notices and demands.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Company may also from time to time designate one or more other
Offices or Agencies where the Securities of one or more series may be presented or surrendered for any or all such purposes and
may from time to time rescind such designations; provided, however, that no such designation or rescission shall in any manner
relieve the Company of its obligation to maintain an Office or Agency in each Place of Payment for Securities of any series for
such purposes. The Company shall give prompt written notice to the Trustee of any such designation or rescission and of any change
in the location of any such other Office or Agency.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Unless otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture, the
Company hereby designates as the Place of Payment for each series of Securities the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York,
and initially appoints the Corporate Trust Office of , located at , as the Office or Agency of the Company in the Borough of Manhattan,
The City of New York for such purpose. The Company may subsequently appoint a different Office or Agency in the Borough of Manhattan,
The City of New York for the Securities of any series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Money for Securities Payments to Be Held in Trust</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If the Company shall at any time act as its own Paying Agent with
respect to any series of Securities, it shall, on or before each due date of the principal of, any premium or interest on or Additional
Amounts with respect to any of the Securities of such series, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled
thereto a sum in the currency or currencies, currency unit or units or composite currency or currencies in which the Securities
of such series are payable (except as otherwise specified pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1 for the Securities of such series) sufficient
to pay the principal or any premium, interest or Additional Amounts so becoming due until such sums shall be paid to such Persons
or otherwise disposed of as herein provided, and shall promptly notify the Trustee of its failure so to act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Whenever the Company shall have one or more Paying Agents for any
series of Securities, it shall, on or prior to each due date of the principal of, any premium or interest on or any Additional
Amounts with respect to any Securities of such series, deposit with any Paying Agent a sum (in the currency or currencies, currency
unit or units or composite currency or currencies described in the preceding paragraph) sufficient to pay the principal or any
premium, interest or Additional Amounts so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto,
and (unless such Paying Agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of its failure so to act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Company shall cause each Paying Agent for any series of Securities
(other than the Trustee) to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such Paying Agent shall agree with the Trustee,
subject to the provisions of this Section&nbsp;10.3, that such Paying Agent shall:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) hold all sums held by it for the payment of the principal of,
any premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to Securities of such series in trust for the benefit of the
Persons entitled thereto until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as provided in or pursuant to this
Indenture;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) give the Trustee notice of any default by the Company (or any
other obligor upon the Securities of such series) in the making of any payment of principal, any premium or interest on or any
Additional Amounts with respect to the Securities of such series; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(3) at any time during the continuance of any such default, upon
the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such Paying Agent.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction
and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or by Company Order direct any Paying Agent to pay, to the Trustee
all sums held in trust by the Company or such Paying Agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same terms as those upon
which such sums were held by the Company or such Paying Agent; and, upon such payment by any Paying Agent to the Trustee, such
Paying Agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such sums.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Except as otherwise provided herein or pursuant hereto, any money
deposited with the Trustee or any Paying Agent, or then held by the Company, in trust for the payment of the principal of, any
premium or interest on or any Additional Amounts with respect to any Security of any series and remaining unclaimed for two years
after such principal or any such premium or interest or any such Additional Amounts shall have become due and payable shall be
paid to the Company on Company Request, or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and the Holder of
such Security shall thereafter, as an unsecured general creditor, look only to the Company for payment thereof, and all liability
of the Trustee or such Paying Agent with respect to such trust money, and all liability of the Company as trustee thereof, shall
thereupon cease; provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent, before being required to make any such repayment, may
at the expense of the Company either cause to be published once, in an Authorized Newspaper in each Place of Payment for such series,
or may cause to be mailed once to Holders of Registered Securities of such series, notice that such money remains unclaimed and
that, after a date specified therein, which shall not be less than 30 days from the date of such publication or mailing nor later
than two years after such principal and any premium or interest or Additional Amounts shall have become due and payable, any unclaimed
balance of such money then remaining will be repaid to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Additional Amounts</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If any Securities of a series provide for the payment of Additional
Amounts, the Company agrees to pay to the Holder of any such Security Additional Amounts as provided in or pursuant to this Indenture
or such Securities. Whenever in this Indenture there is mentioned, in any context, the payment of the principal of or any premium
or interest on, or in respect of, any Security of any series, such mention shall be deemed to include mention of the payment of
Additional Amounts provided by the terms of such series established hereby or pursuant hereto to the extent that, in such context,
Additional Amounts are, were or would be payable in respect thereof pursuant to such terms, and express mention of the payment
of Additional Amounts (if applicable) in any provision hereof shall not be construed as excluding Additional Amounts in those provisions
hereof where such express mention is not made.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Except as otherwise provided in or pursuant to this Indenture or
the Securities of the applicable series, if the Securities of a series provide for the payment of Additional Amounts, at least
10 days prior to the first Interest Payment Date with respect to such series of Securities (or if the Securities of such series
shall not bear interest prior to Maturity, the first day on which a payment of principal is made), and at least 10 days prior to
each date of payment of principal or interest if there has been any change with respect to the matters set forth in the below-mentioned
Officer&rsquo;s Certificate, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee and the principal Paying Agent or Paying Agents, if other
than the Trustee, an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate instructing the Trustee and such Paying Agent or Paying Agents whether such payment
of principal of and premium, if any, or interest on the Securities of such series shall be made to Holders of Securities of such
series who are United States Aliens (as demonstrated by delivery of appropriate tax forms) without withholding for or on account
of any tax, assessment or other governmental charge described in the Securities of such series. If any such withholding shall be
required, then such Officer&rsquo;s Certificate shall specify by country the amount, if any, required to be withheld on such payments
to such Holders of Securities, and the Company agrees to pay to the Trustee or such Paying Agent the Additional Amounts required
by the terms of such Securities. The Company covenants to indemnify the Trustee and any Paying Agent for, and to hold them harmless
against, any loss, liability or expense reasonably incurred without negligence or bad faith on their part arising out of or in
connection with actions taken or omitted by any of them in reliance on any Officer&rsquo;s Certificate furnished pursuant to this
Section&nbsp;10.4.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.5</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Waiver of Certain Covenants</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Company may omit in any particular instance to comply with any
term, provision or condition specified pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1 with respect to the Securities of any series if the Company
shall have obtained or filed with the Trustee, prior to the time of such failure or omission, evidence (as described in Section&nbsp;1.4)
of the consent of the Holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series, by Act
of such Holders, either waiving such compliance in such instance or generally waiving compliance with such term, provision or condition,
but no such waiver shall extend to or affect such term, provision or condition except to the extent so expressly waived, and, until
such waiver shall become effective in accordance with Section&nbsp;9.5, the obligations of the Company and the duties of the Trustee
in respect of any such term, provision or condition shall remain in full force and effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;10.6</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Company Statement as to Compliance</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) If any Securities are Outstanding under this Indenture, the
Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, a written statement (which need not be
contained in or accompanied by an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate) signed by the principal executive officer, the principal financial
officer or the principal accounting officer, stating that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(a) in the course of the performance of his or her duties as an
officer of the Company he or she would normally have knowledge of any default by the Company in the performance of the covenants
contained in this Indenture, and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(b) to his or her knowledge, the Company has complied with all the
conditions and covenants imposed on it under this Indenture throughout such year, or, if there has been a noncompliance in the
fulfillment of any such condition or covenant, specifying each such noncompliance known to him or her and the nature and status
thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) The Trustee shall have no duty to monitor the Company&rsquo;s
compliance with the covenants contained in this Indenture other than to receive written notices described in Section&nbsp;10.6(1).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 11 </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;11.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Applicability of Article</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Redemption of Securities of any series at the option of the Company
as permitted or required by the terms of such Securities shall be made in accordance with the terms of such Securities and (except
as otherwise provided herein or pursuant hereto) this Article 11.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;11.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Election to Redeem; Notice to Trustee</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The election of the Company to optionally redeem any Securities
shall be evidenced by or pursuant to a Board Resolution. In case of any redemption at the election of the Company of the Securities
of any series, the Company shall, at least 60 days prior to the Redemption Date fixed by the Company (unless a shorter notice shall
be satisfactory to the Trustee), notify the Trustee of such Redemption Date and of the principal amount of Securities of such series
to be redeemed. In the case of any redemption of Securities (a)&nbsp;prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption
provided in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, or (b)&nbsp;pursuant to an election of the Company that
is subject to a condition specified in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish the
Trustee with an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate evidencing compliance with such restriction or condition.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.75pt">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;11.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Selection by Trustee of Securities to be Redeemed</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If less than all of the Securities of any series with the same issue
date, interest rate or formula, Stated Maturity and other terms are to be redeemed, the particular Securities to be redeemed shall
be selected not more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date by the Trustee from the Outstanding Securities of such series not
previously called for redemption on a pro rata basis or by lot (whichever is consistent with the Trustee&rsquo;s customary practice);
provided, however, that no such partial redemption shall reduce the portion of the principal amount of a Registered Security of
such series not redeemed to less than the minimum denomination for a Security of such series established herein or pursuant hereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company and the Security Registrar
(if other than itself) in writing of the Securities selected for redemption and, in the case of any Securities selected for partial
redemption, the principal amount thereof to be redeemed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">For all purposes of this Indenture, unless the context otherwise
requires, all provisions relating to the redemption of Securities shall relate, in the case of any Securities redeemed or to be
redeemed only in part, to the portion of the principal of such Securities that has been or is to be redeemed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or the
Securities of any series, if any Security selected for partial redemption is converted into or exchanged for Common Stock or other
securities, cash or other property in part before termination of the conversion or exchange right with respect to the portion of
the Security so selected, the converted portion of such Security shall be deemed (so far as may be) to be the portion selected
for redemption. Securities that have been converted or exchanged during a selection of Securities to be redeemed shall be treated
by the Trustee as Outstanding for the purpose of such selection.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;11.4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Notice of Redemption</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Notice of redemption shall be given in the manner provided in Section&nbsp;1.6,
not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the Redemption Date, unless a shorter period is specified in the Securities to
be redeemed, to the Holders of Securities to be redeemed. Failure to give notice by mailing in the manner herein provided to the
Holder of any Registered Securities designated for redemption as a whole or in part, or any defect in the notice to any such Holder,
shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any other Securities or portion thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Any notice that is mailed to the Holder of any Registered Securities
in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not such Holder receives the notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">All notices of redemption shall state:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) the Redemption Date;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) the Redemption Price or if not then ascertainable, the manner
of calculation thereof;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(3) if less than all Outstanding Securities of any series are to
be redeemed, the identification (and, in the case of partial redemption, the principal amount) of the particular Security or Securities
to be redeemed;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(4) in case any Security is to be redeemed in part only, the notice
which relates to such Security shall state that on and after the Redemption Date, upon surrender of such Security, the Holder of
such Security will receive, without charge, a new Security or Securities of authorized denominations for the principal amount thereof
remaining unredeemed;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(5) that, on the Redemption Date, the Redemption Price shall become
due and payable upon each such Security or portion thereof to be redeemed, and, if applicable, that interest thereon shall cease
to accrue on and after said date, subject to such conditions as may be specified pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1 with respect to such
Security;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(6) the place or places where such Securities are to be surrendered
for payment of the Redemption Price and any accrued interest and Additional Amounts pertaining thereto;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(7) that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(8) in the case of Securities of any series that are convertible
or exchangeable into Common Stock or other securities, cash or other property, the conversion or exchange price or rate, the date
or dates on which the right to convert or exchange the principal of the Securities of such series to be redeemed will commence
or terminate and the place or places where such Securities may be surrendered for conversion or exchange; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(9) the CUSIP number (or any other numbers used by a Depositary
to identify such Securities).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.75pt">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">A notice of redemption published as contemplated by Section&nbsp;1.6
need not identify particular Registered Securities to be redeemed.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Notice of redemption of Securities to be redeemed at the election
of the Company shall be given by the Company or, upon Company Request, by the Trustee in the name and at the expense of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;11.5</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Deposit of Redemption Price</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">At or prior to 10:00 a.m., New York City time, on any Redemption
Date, the Company shall deposit, with respect to the Securities of any series called for redemption pursuant to Section&nbsp;11.4,
with the Trustee or with a Paying Agent (or, if the Company is acting as its own Paying Agent, segregate and hold in trust as provided
in Section&nbsp;10.3) an amount of money in the applicable Currency sufficient to pay the Redemption Price of, and (except if the
Redemption Date shall be an Interest Payment Date, unless otherwise specified pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1 or in the Securities
of such series) any accrued interest on and Additional Amounts with respect to such accrued interest, all such Securities or portions
thereof which are to be redeemed on that date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;11.6</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Securities Payable on Redemption Date</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Notice of redemption having been given as aforesaid and all conditions
specified pursuant to Section&nbsp;3.1 having been satisfied, the Securities so to be redeemed shall, on the Redemption Date, become
due and payable at the Redemption Price therein specified, and from and after such date (unless the Company shall default in the
payment of the Redemption Price and accrued interest) such Securities shall cease to bear interest. Upon surrender of any such
Security for redemption in accordance with said notice, such Security shall be paid by the Company at the Redemption Price, together
with any accrued interest and Additional Amounts to the Redemption Date; provided, however, that, except as otherwise specified
in or pursuant to this Indenture or the Registered Securities of such series, installments of interest on Registered Securities
whose Stated Maturity is on or prior to the Redemption Date shall be payable to the Holders of such Securities, or one or more
Predecessor Securities, registered as such at the close of business on the Regular Record Dates therefor according to their terms
and the provisions of Section&nbsp;3.7.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Unless otherwise specified in or pursuant to this Indenture or the
Securities of any series, if any Security called for redemption shall not be so paid upon surrender thereof for redemption, the
principal and any premium, until paid, shall bear interest from the Redemption Date at the rate prescribed therefor in the Security.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;11.7</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Securities Redeemed in Part</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Any Registered Security to be redeemed only in part shall be surrendered
at any Office or Agency for such Security (with, if the Company or the Trustee so requires, due endorsement by, or a written instrument
of transfer in form satisfactory to the Company and the Trustee duly executed by, the Holder thereof or his attorney duly authorized
in writing) and the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver to the Holder of such Security without
service charge, a new Registered Security or Securities of the same series, containing identical terms and provisions, of any authorized
denomination as requested by such Holder in aggregate principal amount equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the
principal amount of the Security so surrendered. If a Global Security is so surrendered, the Company shall execute, and the Trustee
shall authenticate and deliver to or on behalf of the U.S. Depositary or other Depositary for such Global Security as shall be
specified in the Company Order with respect thereto to the Trustee, without service charge, a new Global Security in a denomination
equal to and in exchange for the unredeemed portion of the principal of the Global Security so surrendered.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;11.8</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Repurchases on the Open Market</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Company or any Affiliate of the Company may at any time or from
time to time repurchase any of the Securities in the open market or otherwise. Such Securities may, at the option of the Company
or the relevant Affiliate of the Company, be held, resold or surrendered to the Trustee for cancellation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 12 </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>SINKING FUNDS </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;12.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Applicability of Article</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The provisions of this Article 12 shall be applicable to any sinking
fund for the retirement of Securities of a series, except as otherwise permitted or required in or pursuant to this Indenture or
any Security of such series issued pursuant to this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.75pt">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the
terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a &ldquo;mandatory sinking fund payment,&rdquo; and any payment in excess
of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities of such series is herein referred to as an &ldquo;optional sinking
fund payment.&rdquo; If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may
be subject to reduction as provided in Section&nbsp;12.2. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities
of any series as provided for by the terms of Securities of such series and this Indenture.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;12.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Satisfaction of Sinking Fund Payments with Securities</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Company may, in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking
fund payment with respect to the Securities of any series to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities (1)&nbsp;deliver
Outstanding Securities of such series (other than any of such Securities previously called for redemption or any of such Securities
in respect of which cash shall have been released to the Company) and (2)&nbsp;apply as a credit Securities of such series which
have been redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such series of Securities or through the application
of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, provided that such Securities have not been
previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the Redemption Price
specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall
be reduced accordingly. If as a result of the delivery or credit of Securities of any series in lieu of cash payments pursuant
to this Section&nbsp;12.2, the principal amount of Securities of such series to be redeemed in order to satisfy the remaining sinking
fund payment shall be less than $100,000, the Trustee need not call Securities of such series for redemption, except upon Company
Request, and such cash payment shall be held by the Trustee or a Paying Agent and applied to the next succeeding sinking fund payment,
provided, however, that the Trustee or such Paying Agent shall at the request of the Company from time to time pay over and deliver
to the Company any cash payment so being held by the Trustee or such Paying Agent upon delivery by the Company to the Trustee of
Securities of that series purchased by the Company having an unpaid principal amount equal to the cash payment requested to be
released to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;12.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Redemption of Securities for Sinking Fund</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Not less than 60 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for
any series of Securities, the Company shall deliver to the Trustee an Officer&rsquo;s Certificate specifying the amount of the
next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment for that series pursuant to the terms of that series, the portion thereof, if any,
which is to be satisfied by payment of cash and the portion thereof, if any, which is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting
of Securities of that series pursuant to Section&nbsp;12.2, and the basis for such credit and the optional amount, if any, to be
added in cash to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, and will also deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so
credited and not theretofore delivered. If such Officer&rsquo;s Certificate shall specify an optional amount to be added in cash
to the next ensuing mandatory sinking fund payment, the Company shall thereupon be obligated to pay the amount therein specified.
Not less than 60 days before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such
sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section&nbsp;11.3 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in
the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section&nbsp;11.4. Such notice having been duly given,
the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Section&nbsp;11.6 and Section&nbsp;11.7.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 13 </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>REPAYMENT AT THE OPTION OF HOLDERS </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;13.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Applicability of Article</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Securities of any series which are repayable at the option of the
Holders thereof before their Stated Maturity shall be repaid in accordance with the terms of the Securities of such series. The
repayment of any principal amount of Securities pursuant to such option of the Holder to require repayment of Securities before
their Stated Maturity, for purposes of Section&nbsp;3.9, shall not operate as a payment, redemption or satisfaction of the indebtedness
represented by such Securities unless and until the Company, at its option, shall deliver or surrender the same to the Trustee
with a directive that such Securities be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Section&nbsp;13.1,
in connection with any repayment of Securities, the Company may arrange for the purchase of any Securities by an agreement with
one or more investment bankers or other purchasers to purchase such Securities by paying to the Holders of such Securities on or
before the close of business on the repayment date an amount not less than the repayment price payable by the Company on repayment
of such Securities, and the obligation of the Company to pay the repayment price of such Securities shall be satisfied and discharged
to the extent such payment is so paid by such purchasers.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.75pt">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 14 </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>SECURITIES IN FOREIGN CURRENCIES </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;14.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Applicability of Article</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Whenever this Indenture provides for (i)&nbsp;any action by, or
the determination of any of the rights of, Holders of Securities of any series in which not all of such Securities are denominated
in the same Currency, or (ii)&nbsp;any distribution to Holders of Securities, in the absence of any provision to the contrary pursuant
to this Indenture or the Securities of any particular series, any amount in respect of any Security denominated in a Foreign Currency
shall be treated for any such action or distribution as that amount of Dollars that could be obtained for such amount on such reasonable
basis of exchange and as of the record date with respect to Registered Securities of such series (if any) for such action, determination
of rights or distribution (or, if there shall be no applicable record date, such other date reasonably proximate to the date of
such action, determination of rights or distribution) as the Company may specify in a written notice to the Trustee or, in the
absence of such written notice, as the Trustee may determine.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLE 15 </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><B>MEETINGS OF HOLDERS OF SECURITIES </B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;15.1</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Purposes for Which Meetings May Be Called</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">A meeting of Holders of Securities of any series may be called at
any time and from time to time pursuant to this Article 15 to make, give or take any request, demand, authorization, direction,
notice, consent, waiver or other Act provided by this Indenture to be made, given or taken by Holders of Securities of such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;15.2</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Call, Notice and Place of Meetings</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) The Trustee may at any time call a meeting of Holders of Securities
of any series for any purpose specified in Section&nbsp;15.1, to be held at such time and at such place in the Borough of Manhattan,
The City of New York as the Trustee may select and as shall be acceptable to the Company. Notice of every meeting of Holders of
Securities of any series, setting forth the time and the place of such meeting and in general terms the action proposed to be taken
at such meeting, shall be given, in the manner provided in Section&nbsp;1.6, not less than 21 nor more than 180 days prior to the
date fixed for the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) In case at any time the Company (by or pursuant to a Board Resolution)
or the Holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series shall have requested the Trustee
to call a meeting of the Holders of Securities of such series for any purpose specified in Section&nbsp;15.1, by written request
setting forth in reasonable detail the action proposed to be taken at the meeting, and the Trustee shall not have mailed notice
of such meeting within 21 days after receipt of such request or shall not thereafter proceed to cause the meeting to be held as
provided herein, then the Company or the Holders of Securities of such series in the amount above specified, as the case may be,
may determine the time and the place in the Borough of Manhattan, The City of New York for such meeting and may call such meeting
for such purposes by giving notice thereof as provided in clause (1)&nbsp;of this Section&nbsp;15.4.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;15.3</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Persons Entitled to Vote at Meetings</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">To be entitled to vote at any meeting of Holders of Securities of
any series, a Person shall be (1)&nbsp;a Holder of one or more Outstanding Securities of such series, or (2)&nbsp;a Person appointed
by an instrument in writing as proxy for a Holder or Holders of one or more Outstanding Securities of such series by such Holder
or Holders. The only Persons who shall be entitled to be present or to speak at any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series
shall be the Persons entitled to vote at such meeting and their counsel, any representatives of the Trustee and its counsel and
any representatives of the Company and its counsel.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;15.4</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Quorum; Action</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The Persons entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the
Outstanding Securities of a series shall constitute a quorum for a meeting of Holders of Securities of such series; provided, however,
that if any action is to be taken at such meeting with respect to a consent or waiver which this Indenture expressly provides may
be given by the Holders of a different percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of a series, the Persons entitled
to vote such percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series shall constitute a quorum. In the absence
of a quorum within 30 minutes after the time appointed for any such meeting, the meeting shall, if convened at the request of Holders
of Securities of such series, be dissolved. In any other case the meeting may be adjourned for a period of not less than 10 days
as determined by the chairman of the meeting prior to the adjournment of such meeting. In the absence of a quorum at any such adjourned
meeting, such adjourned meeting may be further adjourned for a period of not less than 10 days as determined by the chairman of
the meeting prior to the adjournment of such adjourned meeting. Notice of the reconvening of any adjourned meeting shall be given
as provided in Section&nbsp;15.2(1), except that such notice need be given only once not less than five days prior to the date
on which the meeting is scheduled to be reconvened. Notice of the reconvening of an adjourned meeting shall state expressly the
percentage, as provided above, of the principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series which shall constitute a quorum.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Except as limited by the proviso to Section&nbsp;9.2, any resolution
presented to a meeting or adjourned meeting duly reconvened at which a quorum is present as aforesaid may be adopted only by the
affirmative vote of the Holders of a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series; provided, however,
that, except as limited by the proviso to Section&nbsp;9.2, any resolution with respect to any consent or waiver which this Indenture
or any supplemental indenture expressly provides may be given by the Holders of at least 66-2/3% in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of a series may be adopted at a meeting or an adjourned meeting duly convened and at which a quorum is present as aforesaid
only by the affirmative vote of the Holders of 66-2/3% in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of that series; and provided,
further, that, except as limited by the proviso to Section&nbsp;9.2, any resolution with respect to any request, demand, authorization,
direction, notice, consent, waiver or other Act which this Indenture or any supplemental indenture expressly provides may be made,
given or taken by the Holders of a different specified percentage, which is less than a majority, in principal amount of the Outstanding
Securities of a series, may be adopted at a meeting or an adjourned meeting duly reconvened and at which a quorum is present as
aforesaid by the affirmative vote of the Holders of such specified percentage in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities
of such series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Any resolution passed or decision taken at any meeting of Holders
of Securities of any series duly held in accordance with this Section&nbsp;15.4 shall be binding on all the Holders of Securities
of such series, whether or not such Holders were present or represented at the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;15.5</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Determination of Voting Rights; Conduct and Adjournment of Meetings</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(1) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Indenture, the
Trustee may make such reasonable regulations as it may deem advisable for any meeting of Holders of Securities of such series in
regard to proof of the holding of Securities of such series and of the appointment of proxies and in regard to the appointment
and duties of inspectors of votes, the submission and examination of proxies, certificates and other evidence of the right to vote,
and such other matters concerning the conduct of the meeting as it shall deem appropriate. Except as otherwise permitted or required
by any such regulations, the holding of Securities shall be proved in the manner specified in Section&nbsp;1.4 and the appointment
of any proxy shall be proved in the manner specified in Section&nbsp;1.4. Such regulations may provide that written instruments
appointing proxies, regular on their face, may be presumed valid and genuine without the proof specified in Section&nbsp;1.4 or
other proof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(2) The Trustee shall, by an instrument in writing, appoint a temporary
chairman of the meeting, unless the meeting shall have been called by the Company or by Holders of Securities as provided in Section&nbsp;15.2(2),
in which case the Company or the Holders of Securities of the series calling the meeting, as the case may be, shall in like manner
appoint a temporary chairman. A permanent chairman and a permanent secretary of the meeting shall be elected by vote of the Persons
entitled to vote a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series represented at the meeting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(3) At any meeting, each Holder of a Security of such series or
proxy shall be entitled to one vote for each $1,000 principal amount of Securities of such series held or represented by him; provided,
however, that no vote shall be cast or counted at any meeting in respect of any Security challenged as not Outstanding and ruled
by the chairman of the meeting to be not Outstanding. The chairman of the meeting shall have no right to vote, except as a Holder
of a Security of such series or proxy.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">(4) Any meeting of Holders of Securities of any series duly called
pursuant to Section&nbsp;15.2 at which a quorum is present may be adjourned from time to time by Persons entitled to vote a majority
in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of such series represented at the meeting; and the meeting may be held as so
adjourned without further notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR>
    <TD STYLE="width: 0.25in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top; width: 0.75in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Section&nbsp;15.6</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="vertical-align: top"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Counting Votes and Recording Action of Meetings</U></FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">The vote upon any resolution submitted to any meeting of Holders
of Securities of any series shall be by written ballots on which shall be subscribed the signatures of the Holders of Securities
of such series or of their representatives by proxy and the principal amounts and serial numbers of the Outstanding Securities
of such series held or represented by them. The permanent chairman of the meeting shall appoint two inspectors of votes who shall
count all votes cast at the meeting for or against any resolution and who shall make and file with the permanent secretary of the
meeting their verified written reports in triplicate of all votes cast at the meeting. A record, at least in triplicate, of the
proceedings of each meeting of Holders of Securities of any series shall be prepared by the permanent secretary of the meeting
and there shall be attached to said record the original reports of the inspectors of votes on any vote by ballot taken thereat
and affidavits by one or more Persons having knowledge of the facts setting forth a copy of the notice of the meeting and showing
that said notice was given as provided in Section&nbsp;15.2 and, if applicable, Section&nbsp;15.4. Each copy shall be signed and
verified by the affidavits of the permanent chairman and secretary of the meeting and one such copy shall be delivered to the Company,
and another to the Trustee to be preserved by the Trustee, the latter to have attached thereto the ballots voted at the meeting.
Any record so signed and verified shall be conclusive evidence of the matters therein stated.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture
to be duly executed as of the day and year first above written.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 10pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD></TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">HUDSON TECHNOLOGIES, INC.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 4%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 46%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:</FONT>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">________________</FONT><BR>
<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">_______________________,</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">as Trustee</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Name:&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Title:</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>


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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>tm2532784d2_ex5-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 5.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B><U>Exhibit&nbsp;5.1</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Wiggin and Dana LLP</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Two Stamford Plaza</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">281 Tresser Boulevard</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Stamford, CT 06901</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 3.5in; text-align: right">December&nbsp;16, 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Hudson Technologies,&nbsp;Inc.<BR>
300 Tice Boulevard</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Suite&nbsp;290<BR>
Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 96px">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 48px; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Re:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><U>Hudson Technologies,&nbsp;Inc. - Registration Statement on Form&nbsp;S-3</U></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Ladies and Gentlemen:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We have acted as counsel to Hudson Technologies,&nbsp;Inc.,
a New York corporation (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;). You have requested our opinion in connection with the Company&rsquo;s Registration
Statement on Form&nbsp;S-3 (the &ldquo;Registration Statement&rdquo;) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;Act&rdquo;),
relating to the proposed offer and sale from time to time of up to $100,000,000 in aggregate amount of any of the following: (i)&nbsp;shares
of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company (the &ldquo;Common Stock&rdquo;), (ii)&nbsp;shares of one or more series of
preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company (the &ldquo;Preferred Stock&rdquo;), (iii)&nbsp;one or more debt securities
of the Company (the &ldquo;Debt Securities&rdquo;), (iv)&nbsp;warrants to purchase Common Stock or Preferred Stock (the &ldquo;Warrants&rdquo;)
and (v)&nbsp;units comprised of one or more of shares of Common Stock, shares of Preferred Stock, Debt Securities and Warrants (the &ldquo;Units&rdquo;
and, collectively with the Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Debt Securities and Warrants, the &ldquo;Securities&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In rendering the opinions set forth below, we have
examined originals or copies, certified or otherwise, identified to our satisfaction of such documents and corporate and public records
as we deem necessary as a basis for the opinions hereinafter expressed. With respect to such examination, we have assumed the genuineness
of all signatures appearing on all documents presented to us as originals, and the conformity to the originals of all documents presented
to us as conformed or reproduced copies. Where factual matters relevant to such opinion were not independently established, we have relied
upon certificates of executive officers and responsible employees and agents of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Hudson Technologies,&nbsp;Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">December&nbsp;16, 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page&nbsp;2</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">For purposes of this opinion letter, we have also
assumed that (a)&nbsp;the Registration Statement, and any amendments thereto (including post-effective amendments), will have become effective
and such effectiveness will not have been terminated or rescinded, (b)&nbsp;any applicable prospectus supplement will have been prepared
and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission describing the Securities offered thereby, (c)&nbsp;all Securities will be offered
and sold in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws and in the manner stated in the Registration Statement and any
appropriate prospectus supplement, (d)&nbsp;any definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement with respect to any Securities
offered will have been duly authorized and validly executed and delivered by the parties thereto, (e)&nbsp;any Securities issuable upon
conversion, exchange, redemption or exercise of any Securities being offered will have been duly authorized, created and, if appropriate,
reserved for issuance upon such conversion, exchange, redemption or exercise, (f)&nbsp;at the time of any offering or sale of any shares
of Common Stock or Preferred Stock or Warrants to purchase shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock, there will be sufficient shares
of Common Stock and/or Preferred Stock, as applicable, authorized and unissued under the Company&rsquo;s then operative certificate of
incorporation, as amended by a Certificate of Amendment (defined below) in respect of Preferred Stock as applicable (the &ldquo;Certificate
of Incorporation&rdquo;), and not otherwise reserved for issuance, (g)&nbsp;at the time of issuance or sale of the Securities, the Company
will be validly existing and duly qualified and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation, and have the necessary
corporate power for such issuance, (h)&nbsp;at the time of issuance or sale of the Securities, the Certificate of Incorporation and then
operative by-laws of the Company (the &ldquo;By-Laws&rdquo; and collectively with the Certificate of Incorporation, the &ldquo;Charter
Documents&rdquo;) are in full force and effect and, except as contemplated hereby, have not been amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise
altered since the date hereof, (i)&nbsp;any applicable indenture relating to the issuance of the Debt Securities and any Warrant Agreement
(defined below) or Unit Agreement (defined below) will be duly authorized, executed and delivered by the parties thereto and constitute
legally valid and binding obligations of the parties thereto, enforceable against each of them in accordance with their respective terms,
and (j)&nbsp;that the terms, execution and delivery of the Securities (i)&nbsp;do not result in breaches of, or defaults under, agreements
or instruments to which the Company is bound or violations of applicable statutes, rules, regulations or court or governmental orders,
and (ii)&nbsp;comply with any applicable requirement or restriction imposed by any court or governmental body having jurisdiction over
the Company. We have further assumed the legal capacity of natural persons, and we have assumed that each party to the documents we have
examined or relied on has the legal capacity or authority and has satisfied all legal requirements that are applicable to that party to
the extent necessary to make such documents enforceable against that party. We have not verified any of the foregoing assumptions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The opinions expressed in this opinion letter are
limited to the laws of the State of New York. Our opinions are based on these laws as in effect on the date hereof. We express no opinion
as to whether the laws of any other jurisdiction are applicable to the subject matter hereof. We are not opining on, and we assume no
responsibility for, the applicability for, the applicability to or effect on any of the matters covered herein of (i)&nbsp;any other laws;
(ii)&nbsp;the laws of any other jurisdiction; (iii)&nbsp;or the laws of any county. We are not rendering any opinion as to compliance
with any federal or state law, rule&nbsp;or regulation relating to securities, or to the sale or issuance thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Hudson Technologies,&nbsp;Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">December&nbsp;16, 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page&nbsp;3</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Based upon and subject to the foregoing and the
other matters set forth herein, it is our opinion that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(1)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;With
respect to shares of Common Stock offered by the Company under the Registration Statement, when (a)&nbsp;the Company has taken all necessary
action to authorize and approve the issuance thereof and related matters, and (b)&nbsp;certificates representing the shares of Common
Stock have been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered, or if uncertificated, valid book-entry notations have been made
in the share register of the Company, in each case in accordance with the Charter Documents, either (i)&nbsp;against payment therefor
in an amount not less than the par value thereof or such other consideration determined by the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors and
permitted under the New York Business Corporation Law and in the manner contemplated by the Registration Statement and/or any applicable
prospectus supplement and in accordance with the provisions of the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement,
if any, approved by the Company or (ii)&nbsp;upon conversion, exchange, redemption or exercise of any other Security in accordance with
the terms of such Security or the instrument (including for purposes hereof a Certificate of Amendment) governing such Security as approved
by the Company, for the consideration approved by the Company (in an amount not less than the par value thereof or such other consideration
determined by the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors and permitted under the New York Business Corporation Law), the shares of Common
Stock will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(2)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;With
respect to shares of one or more series of Preferred Stock offered by the Company under the Registration Statement, when (a)&nbsp;the
Company has taken all necessary action to authorize and approve the issuance thereof and related matters, including the adoption of an
appropriate certificate of amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation relating to such series of Preferred Stock which has been properly
filed with the Secretary of State of the State of New York (&ldquo;Certificate of Amendment&rdquo;), and (b)&nbsp;certificates representing
the shares of Preferred Stock have been duly executed, countersigned, registered and delivered, or if uncertificated, valid book-entry
notations have been made in the share register of the Company, in each case in accordance with the Charter Documents, either (i)&nbsp;against
payment therefor in an amount not less than the par value thereof or such other consideration determined by the Company&rsquo;s Board
of Directors and permitted under the New York Business Corporation Law and in the manner contemplated by the Registration Statement and/or
any applicable prospectus supplement and in accordance with the provisions of the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar
agreement, if any, approved by the Company or (ii)&nbsp;upon conversion, exchange, redemption or exercise of any other Security in accordance
with the terms of such Security or the instrument (including for purposes hereof a Certificate of Amendment) governing such Security as
approved by the Company, for the consideration approved by the Company (in an amount not less than the par value thereof or such other
consideration determined by the Company&rsquo;s Board of Directors and permitted under the New York Business Corporation Law), the shares
of Preferred Stock will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Hudson Technologies,&nbsp;Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">December&nbsp;16, 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page&nbsp;4</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(3)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;With
respect to Debt Securities, when (a)&nbsp;an applicable indenture, if any, or any necessary amendment or supplement thereto or other agreement
in respect thereof, if any, has been duly authorized and validly executed and delivered by the Company and the trustee thereunder, (b)&nbsp;any
applicable indenture, if required, has been duly qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, if qualification is required
thereunder, (c)&nbsp;the specific terms and the issuance and sale of any particular Debt Security have been duly established in accordance
with the applicable indenture, if any, or any necessary amendment thereto or other agreement in respect thereof, if any, and authorized
by all necessary action of the Company, and (d)&nbsp;any such Debt Security has been duly executed, issued, authenticated (if required)
and delivered by or on behalf of the Company as contemplated by the Registration Statement and/or any applicable prospectus supplement
either (i)&nbsp;against payment therefor in accordance with the provisions of the applicable indenture and/or any other agreement or instrument
binding upon the Company and the provisions of the applicable definitive purchase, underwriting or similar agreement approved by the Company
and in the manner contemplated by the Registration Statement and/or any applicable prospectus supplement or (ii)&nbsp;upon conversion,
exchange, redemption or exercise of any other Security in accordance with the terms of such Security or the instrument (including for
purposes hereof a Certificate of Amendment) governing such Security as approved by the Company, for the consideration approved by the
Company, such Debt Securities will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance
with their terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(4)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;With
respect to Warrants offered by the Company under the Registration Statement, when (a)&nbsp;the Company has taken all necessary action
to authorize and approve the creation of and the issuance and terms of the Warrants, the terms of the offering thereof and related matters,
(b)&nbsp;a warrant agreement in respect thereof (a &ldquo;Warrant Agreement&rdquo;) has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by
the Company in accordance with applicable law and (c)&nbsp;the Warrants have been duly executed and delivered against payment therefor
in accordance with the provisions of the Warrant Agreement and in the manner contemplated by the Registration Statement and/or any applicable
prospectus supplement (assuming the securities issuable upon exercise of the Warrants have been duly authorized and reserved for issuance
by all necessary corporate action and in accordance with applicable law), the Warrants will constitute valid and binding obligations of
the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Hudson Technologies,&nbsp;Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">December&nbsp;16, 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page&nbsp;5</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">(5)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;With
respect to Units, assuming that (a)&nbsp;any Debt Securities that form a part of such Units constitute valid and binding obligations of
the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms, as contemplated in numbered paragraph 3 above, (b)&nbsp;any
Warrants that form a part of such Units constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company in accordance with their terms, as contemplated
in numbered paragraph 4 above, and (c)&nbsp;any shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock that form a part of such Units are validly issued,
fully paid and nonassessable, as contemplated in numbered paragraphs 1 and 2 above, respectively, when (i)&nbsp;the Company has taken
all necessary corporate action to approve the creation of and the issuance and terms of the Units (including the Securities which comprise
such Units), the terms of the offering thereof and related matters, (ii)&nbsp;any applicable unit agreement has been duly authorized,
executed and delivered by the Company in accordance with applicable law (a &ldquo;Unit Agreement&rdquo;), and (iii)&nbsp;the Units or
certificates representing the Units, as the case may be, have been delivered against payment therefor in accordance with the provisions
of any applicable Unit Agreement or purchase or similar agreement approved by the Company and in the manner contemplated by the Registration
Statement and/or any applicable prospectus supplement, the Units will constitute valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable
against the Company in accordance with their terms.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We express no opinion regarding (i)&nbsp;the validity
or enforceability of any provisions that purport to waive or not give effect to rights or notices, defenses, subrogation or other rights
or benefits that cannot be effectively waived under applicable law, (ii)&nbsp;the enforceability of indemnification provisions to the
extent they purport to relate to liabilities resulting from or based upon negligence or any violation of federal or state securities or
blue sky laws, (iii)&nbsp;any provision for liquidated damages, default interest, late charges, monetary penalties, make-whole premiums
or other economic remedies to the extent such provisions are deemed to constitute a penalty, (iv)&nbsp;consents to, or restrictions upon,
governing law, jurisdiction, venue, arbitration, remedies or judicial relief, (v)&nbsp;any provision requiring the payment of attorneys&rsquo;
fees, where such payment is contrary to law or public policy, (vi)&nbsp;provisions for exclusivity, election or cumulation of rights or
remedies, (vii)&nbsp;provisions authorizing or validating conclusive or discretionary determinations, (viii)&nbsp;grants of setoff rights,
(ix)&nbsp;the availability of equitable remedies to any person or entity including, but not limited to, specific performance and injunctive
relief; (x)&nbsp;the effect of bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, fraudulent transfer, moratorium and other
similar laws or equitable principles affecting creditors&rsquo; rights or remedies (whether applied by a court of law or equity), (xi)&nbsp;the
effect of applicable law and court decisions which may hereafter limit or render unenforceable certain rights or remedies of any person
or entity and (xii)&nbsp;the severability, if invalid, of provisions to the foregoing effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Hudson Technologies,&nbsp;Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">December&nbsp;16, 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page&nbsp;6</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">We hereby consent to the use of this opinion as
Exhibit&nbsp;5 to the Registration Statement, and to the use of our name as your counsel under &ldquo;Legal Matters&rdquo; in the Prospectus
constituting a part of the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not thereby concede that we come within the categories
of persons whose consent is required by the Act or the General Rules&nbsp;and Regulations promulgated thereunder. We assume no obligation
to update or supplement any of the opinions set forth herein to reflect any changes of law or fact that may occur after the Registration
Statement becomes effective.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Very truly yours,</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ Wiggin and Dana LLP</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.1
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>tm2532784d2_ex23-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 23.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B><U>Exhibit&nbsp;23.1</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><U>Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting
Firm</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Hudson Technologies, Inc.<BR>
Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference
in the Prospectus constituting a part of this Registration Statement of our reports dated March&nbsp;12, 2025, relating to the consolidated
financial statements and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, of Hudson Technologies,&nbsp;Inc. (the Company)
appearing in the Company&rsquo;s Annual Report on Form&nbsp;10-K for the year ended December&nbsp;31, 2024.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">We also consent to the reference to us under the
caption &ldquo;Experts&rdquo; in the Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">/s/ BDO USA, P.C.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Stamford, Connecticut</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">December&nbsp;16, 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1; Options: Last -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

</BODY>
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<TYPE>EX-FILING FEES
<SEQUENCE>5
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          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457oFlg" contextRef="offrl_1" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-470">457(o)</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <span style="text-indent: 0px; display:inline-block; padding-left: 20px;">
              <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-471">Equity</ix:nonNumeric>
            </span>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="offrl_2" id="ixv-472"> 	Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457oFlg" contextRef="offrl_2" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-473">457(o)</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <span style="text-indent: 0px; display:inline-block; padding-left: 20px;">
              <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-474">Debt</ix:nonNumeric>
            </span>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="offrl_3" id="ixv-475">Debt Securities</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457oFlg" contextRef="offrl_3" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-476">457(o)</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <span style="text-indent: 0px; display:inline-block; padding-left: 20px;">
              <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-477">Other</ix:nonNumeric>
            </span>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTitl" contextRef="offrl_4" id="ixv-478">Warrants</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457oFlg" contextRef="offrl_4" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-479">457(o)</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:PrevslyPdFlg" contextRef="offrl_5" format="ixt:booleanfalse" id="ixv-480">Fees to be Paid</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
		1
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingSctyTp" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-481">Unallocated (Universal) Shelf</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:Rule457oFlg" contextRef="offrl_5" format="ixt:booleantrue" id="ixv-482">457(o)</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <span>$</span>
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:MaxAggtOfferingPric" unitRef="USD" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-483">100,000,000.00</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeRate" unitRef="pure" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-484">0.0001381</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
            <span>$</span>
            <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:FeeAmt" unitRef="USD" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-485">13,810.00</ix:nonFraction>
          </td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Fees Previously Paid
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="14" style="text-align: center">
            <b>Carry Forward Securities</b>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Carry Forward Securities
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">

	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">

	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">Total Offering Amounts:</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 16%;">
            <p id="MaxAggtOfferingPrice" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlOfferingAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-486">100,000,000.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top; border-bottom: 1px black; width: 16%;">
            <p id="TotalFeeAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlFeeAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-487">13,810.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
					Total Fees Previously Paid:
				</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top">
            <p id="TotalPreviouslyPaidAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlPrevslyPdAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-488">0.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
					Total Fee Offsets:
				</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top">
            <p id="TotalOffsetAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:TtlOffsetAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-489">0.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
					Net Fee Due:
				</p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td style="vertical-align: top">
            <p id="NetFeeAmt" style="margin: 0pt; text-align: right">
              <span>$</span>
              <ix:nonFraction name="ffd:NetFeeAmt" contextRef="rc" decimals="INF" format="ixt:numdotdecimal" unitRef="USD" id="ixv-490">13,810.00</ix:nonFraction>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
          <td>
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </td>
        </tr>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div>
      <table style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">
        <tbody>
          <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
            <td>
              <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left; margin-bottom: 5px;">
                <b>Offering Note</b>
              </p>
            </td>
            <td/>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="padding-bottom: 20px;">
      <table style="width: 100%; text-indent: 0px;">
        <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; vertical-align: top;">
          <td style="width:10pt;">
            <p style="margin:0pt;text-align:left;">
              <sup style="vertical-align:top;line-height:120%;font-size:10px">1</sup>
            </p>
          </td>
          <td colspan="7" style="white-space: pre-line;">
            <ix:nonNumeric name="ffd:OfferingNote" escape="1" contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-491">(1)	There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate number of shares of common stock, such indeterminate number of shares of preferred stock, such indeterminate principal amount of debt securities and such indeterminate number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $100,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the principal amount of such debt securities shall be in such greater amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $100,000,000, less the aggregate dollar amount of all securities previously issued hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate amount of all securities previously issued hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock, preferred stock and amount of debt securities as may be issued upon conversion of or exchange for debt securities that provide for conversion or exchange, upon exercise of warrants or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the shares being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock and preferred stock as may be issuable with respect to the shares being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.

The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to Instruction 2.A.iii.b. to the Calculation of Filing Fee Tables and Related Disclosure on Item 16(b) of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.

Calculated pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act based on the maximum aggregate offering price.</ix:nonNumeric>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="7">
            <hr style="width:100%;text-align:left;margin-left:0"/>
          </td>
        </tr>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="padding-bottom: 20px;">
      <table style="float: center; width: 100%; text-align: left;  ">
        <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px">
          <th style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left; word-wrap: break-word">
            <b>Table 2: Fee Offset Claims and Sources</b>
          </th>
          <th style="vertical-align: bottom; word-wrap: break-word; text-align: right;">
            <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hiddenrcOffsetTableNa">&#9745;Not Applicable</span>
          </th>
        </tr>
      </table>
      <table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; float: center; width: 100%; text-align: center;  border: 1px solid black;">
        <tr style="background-color:#9ADAF6">
          <th style="width: 10%; text-align: left;">
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </th>
          <th style="width: 8%; text-align: left;">
            <!-- BLANK -->
          </th>
          <th style="width: 16%;">
				Registrant or Filer Name
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Form or Filing Type
			</th>
          <th style="width: 7%;">
				File Number
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Initial Filing Date
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Filing Date
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Security Type Associated with Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 8%;">
				Security Title Associated with Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Unsold Securities Associated with Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 9%;">
				Unsold Aggregate Offering Amount Associated with Fee Offset Claimed
			</th>
          <th style="width: 6%;">
				Fee Paid with Fee Offset Source
			</th>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="14" style="text-align: center">
            <b>Rules 457(b) and 0-11(a)(2)</b>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Fee Offset Claims
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Fee Offset Sources
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
          <td colspan="14" style="text-align: center">
            <b>Rule 457(p)</b>
          </td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Fee Offset Claims
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2">
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		Fee Offset Sources
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: left;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
        </tr>
      </table>
    </div>
    <div style="padding-bottom: 20px;">
      <table style="float: center; width: 100%; text-align: left;  ">
        <tr style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px">
          <th style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: left; word-wrap: break-word">
            <b>Table 3: Combined Prospectuses</b>
          </th>
          <th style="vertical-align: bottom; word-wrap: break-word; text-align: right;">
            <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hiddenrcCombinedProspectusTableNa">&#9745;Not Applicable</span>
          </th>
        </tr>
      </table>
      <table style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; float: center; width: 100%; border: 1px solid black;">
        <tr style="background-color:#9ADAF6">
          <th style="width: 4%">
            <!-- Note column -->
          </th>
          <th style="width: 14%">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Security Type</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 25%">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Security Class Title</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 14%">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Amount of Securities Previously Registered</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 18%">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Maximum Aggregate Offering Price of Securities Previously Registered</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 6%">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Form Type</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 10%">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>File Number</b>
            </p>
          </th>
          <th style="width: 8%">
            <p style="margin: 0pt; text-align: center;">
              <b>Initial Effective Date</b>
            </p>
          </th>
        </tr>
        <tr style="background-color:#E7E7E2;">
          <td style="text-align: center;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td>
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: right;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
		N/A
	</td>
          <td style="text-align: center;">
		N/A
	</td>
        </tr>
      </table>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Submission<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Dec. 04, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_SubmissionLineItems', window );"><strong>Submission [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000925528<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">HUDSON TECHNOLOGIES INC /NY<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FormTp', window );">Form Type</a></td>
<td class="text">S-3<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_SubmissnTp', window );">Submission Type</a></td>
<td class="text">S-3<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeExhibitTp', window );">Fee Exhibit Type</a></td>
<td class="text">EX-FILING FEES<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTableNa', window );">Offering Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text"> <span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OffsetTableNa', window );">Offset Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text">N/A<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa', window );">Combined Prospectus Table N/A</a></td>
<td class="text">N/A<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_CombinedProspectusTableNa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:naItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeeExhibitTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeeExhibitTp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:feeExhibitTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FormTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FormTp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OfferingTableNa">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingTableNa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:naItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_OffsetTableNa">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OffsetTableNa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:naItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_SubmissionLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_SubmissionLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_SubmissnTp">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_SubmissnTp</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>ffd_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>ffd:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>R2.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
							if (e.nextSibling.style.display=='none') {
							e.nextSibling.style.display='block';
							} else { e.nextSibling.style.display='none'; }
							}</script>
</head>
<body>
<span style="display: none;">v3.25.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Offerings<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th">
<div>Dec. 04, 2025 </div>
<div>USD ($)</div>
</th>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=1', window );">Offering: 1</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Equity<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=2', window );">Offering: 2</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Equity<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text"> 	Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=3', window );">Offering: 3</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Debt<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Debt Securities<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=4', window );">Offering: 4</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Other<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTitl', window );">Security Class Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Warrants<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingAxis=5', window );">Offering: 5</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingTable', window );"><strong>Offering:</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_PrevslyPdFlg', window );">Fee Previously Paid</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_Rule457oFlg', window );">Rule 457(o)</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingSctyTp', window );">Security Type</a></td>
<td class="text">Unallocated (Universal) Shelf<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric', window );">Maximum Aggregate Offering Price</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 100,000,000.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeRate', window );">Fee Rate</a></td>
<td class="nump">0.01381%<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_FeeAmt', window );">Amount of Registration Fee</a></td>
<td class="nump">$ 13,810.00<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_ffd_OfferingNote', window );">Offering Note</a></td>
<td class="text">(1)	There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate number of shares of common stock, such indeterminate number of shares of preferred stock, such indeterminate principal amount of debt securities and such indeterminate number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $100,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the principal amount of such debt securities shall be in such greater amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $100,000,000, less the aggregate dollar amount of all securities previously issued hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate amount of all securities previously issued hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock, preferred stock and amount of debt securities as may be issued upon conversion of or exchange for debt securities that provide for conversion or exchange, upon exercise of warrants or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the shares being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock and preferred stock as may be issuable with respect to the shares being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.

The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to Instruction 2.A.iii.b. to the Calculation of Filing Fee Tables and Related Disclosure on Item 16(b) of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.

Calculated pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act based on the maximum aggregate offering price.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_ffd_FeeAmt">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Total amount of registration fee (amount due after offsets).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeeAmt</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The rate per dollar of fees that public companies and other issuers pay to register their securities with the Commission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_FeeRate</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The maximum aggregate offering price for the offering that is being registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_MaxAggtOfferingPric</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The title of the class of securities being registered (for each class being registered).</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingSctyTitl</td>
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<td>ffd:securityTitleItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Type of securities: "Asset-backed Securities", "ADRs/ADSs", "Debt", "Debt Convertible into Equity", "Equity", "Face Amount Certificates", "Limited Partnership Interests", "Mortgage Backed Securities", "Non-Convertible Debt", "Unallocated (Universal) Shelf", "Exchange Traded Vehicle Securities", "Other"</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingSctyTp</td>
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<td>ffd:securityTypeItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingTable</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- References</a><div><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_PrevslyPdFlg</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Checkbox indicating whether filer is using Rule 457(o) to calculate the registration fee due.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 457<br> -Subsection o<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=2</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td>na</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=4</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">ffd_OfferingAxis=5</td>
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      id="ixv-485"
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    <ffd:OfferingNote contextRef="offrl_5" id="ixv-491">(1)	There are being registered hereunder such indeterminate number of shares of common stock, such indeterminate number of shares of preferred stock, such indeterminate principal amount of debt securities and such indeterminate number of warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities as shall have an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $100,000,000. If any debt securities are issued at an original issue discount, then the principal amount of such debt securities shall be in such greater amount as shall result in an aggregate initial offering price not to exceed $100,000,000, less the aggregate dollar amount of all securities previously issued hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate amount of all securities previously issued hereunder. The securities registered also include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock, preferred stock and amount of debt securities as may be issued upon conversion of or exchange for debt securities that provide for conversion or exchange, upon exercise of warrants or pursuant to the antidilution provisions of any such securities. In addition, pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), the shares being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock and preferred stock as may be issuable with respect to the shares being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.

The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to Instruction 2.A.iii.b. to the Calculation of Filing Fee Tables and Related Disclosure on Item 16(b) of Form S-3 under the Securities Act.

Calculated pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act based on the maximum aggregate offering price.</ffd:OfferingNote>
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