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Note 6 - Investments

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

NOTE 6 INVESTMENTS

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, and estimated fair value of the Company's available-for-sale investments at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are summarized in the tables shown below:

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government, government agencies and authorities	$	13,500	$	—	$	596	$	12,904
States, municipalities and political subdivisions		2,982		—		162		2,820
Mortgage-backed		9,363		—		732		8,631
Asset-backed		1,410		—		60		1,350
Corporate		11,047		—		937		10,110
Total fixed maturities	$	38,302	$	—	$	2,487	$	35,815

(in thousands)	December 31, 2022
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government, government agencies and authorities	$	15,797	$	—	$	717	$	15,080
States, municipalities and political subdivisions		2,390		—		158		2,232
Mortgage-backed		9,058		1		647		8,412
Asset-backed		1,682		—		72		1,610
Corporate		11,200		1		944		10,257
Total fixed maturities	$	40,127	$	2	$	2,538	$	37,591

The table below summarizes the Company's fixed maturities at September 30, 2023 by contractual maturity periods. Actual results may differ as issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations, with or without penalties, prior to the contractual maturity of these obligations.

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	6,273	$	6,175
Due after one year through five years		25,670		23,991
Due after five years through ten years		1,363		1,213
Due after ten years		4,996		4,436
Total	$	38,302	$	35,815

The following tables highlight the aggregate unrealized loss position, by security type, of available-for-sale investments in unrealized loss positions where no credit loss allowance had been established as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The tables segregate the holdings based on the period of time the investments have been continuously held in unrealized loss positions.

(in thousands)	September 30, 2023
	Less than 12 Months				Greater than 12 Months				Total
	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government, government agencies and authorities	$	3,911	$	55	$	8,993	$	541	$	12,904	$	596
States, municipalities and political subdivisions		400		6		2,320		156		2,720		162
Mortgage-backed		1,421		36		7,210		696		8,631		732
Asset-backed		61		1		1,192		59		1,253		60
Corporate		1,205		25		8,880		912		10,085		937
Total fixed maturities	$	6,998	$	123	$	28,595	$	2,364	$	35,593	$	2,487

(in thousands)	December 31, 2022
	Less than 12 Months				Greater than 12 Months				Total
	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Fixed maturities:
U.S. government, government agencies and authorities	$	4,543	$	126	$	10,537	$	591	$	15,080	$	717
States, municipalities and political subdivisions		1,040		73		937		85		1,977		158
Mortgage-backed		2,248		93		5,756		554		8,004		647
Asset-backed		1,251		39		299		33		1,550		72
Corporate		3,244		155		6,760		789		10,004		944
Total fixed maturities	$	12,326	$	486	$	24,289	$	2,052	$	36,615	$	2,538

At September 30, 2023, there are approximately 209 individual available-for-sale investments that were in unrealized loss positions, for which an allowance for credit losses had not been recorded. The Company did not have the intent to sell these investments, and it was not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell these investments before recovery of its amortized cost. The Company evaluated these investments for credit losses at September 30, 2023. The Company considers many factors in evaluating whether the unrealized losses were credit related including, but not limited to, the extent to which the fair value has been less than amortized cost, conditions related to the security, industry, or geographic area, payment structure of the investment and the likelihood of the issuer’s ability to make contractual cashflows, defaults or other collectability concerns related to the issuer, changes in the ratings assigned by a rating agency, and other credit enhancements that affect the investment’s expected performance. The Company determined that the unrealized losses on the fixed maturity investments were due to non-credit related factors at September 30, 2023.

At December 31, 2022, there are approximately 208 individual available-for-sale investments that were in unrealized loss positions. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-13, the Company performed an analysis of the individual investments to determine if declines in market value were other-than-temporary. See the "Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Estimates" section of Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition included in the 2022 Annual Report for further information regarding the Company's detailed analysis and factors considered in establishing an other-than-temporary impairment on an investment. The Company reviewed currently available information regarding investments with estimated fair values less than their carrying amounts and believes these unrealized losses are not other-than-temporary and are primarily due to temporary market and sector-related factors rather than to issuer-specific factors. The Company did not have the intent to sell these investments, and it was not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell those investments before recovery of its amortized cost.

The Company did not record any write-downs for impairment related to available-for-sale fixed maturity investments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022.

The Company does not have any exposure to subprime mortgage-backed investments.

Limited liability investments include investments in limited liability companies and limited partnerships. The Company's interests in these investments are not deemed minor and, therefore, are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The most recently available financial statements are used in applying the equity method. The difference between the end of the reporting period of the limited liability entities and that of the Company is no more than three months. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying value of limited liability investments totaled $0.8 million and $1.0 million, respectively. The Company recorded impairments related to limited liability investments of $0.1 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 (zero for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022), which are included in impairment losses in the consolidated statements of operations. Income or loss from limited liability investments is recognized based on the Company's share of the earnings of the limited liability entities and is included in net investment income in the consolidated statements of operations. At September 30, 2023, the Company had no unfunded commitments related to limited liability investments.

Limited liability investments, at fair value represents the underlying investments of the Company’s consolidated entities Net Lease and Argo Holdings Fund I, LLC ("Argo Holdings"). As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying value of the Company's limited liability investments, at fair value was $3.6 million and $17.1 million, respectively. The Company recorded impairments related to limited liability investments, at fair value of zero and $0.1 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively (zero and less than $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022), which are included in gain on change in fair value of limited liability investments, at fair value in the consolidated statements of operations. At September 30, 2023, the Company had no unfunded commitments to fund limited liability investments, at fair value.

The Company consolidates the financial statements of Net Lease on a three-month lag. Net Lease owned investments in limited liability companies that held investment properties. During the fourth quarter of 2022, one of Net Lease's limited liability companies refinanced their existing debt. Debt proceeds of $5.2 million were distributed to Net Lease, which decreased Net Lease's investment in the limited liability company, which the Company recorded during the first quarter of 2023. During the first quarter of 2023, Net Lease sold its final investment property for $15.8 million. Net Lease received net proceeds of $8.1 million after the repayment of debt at the limited liability company and transaction expenses. Given the three-month reporting lag discussed above, the Company recorded this transaction in its second quarter 2023 financial statements. As a result of the sale and subsequent distribution of the net proceeds, the carrying value of Net Lease's investments in limited liability companies is zero at September 30, 2023.

Investments in private companies consist of convertible preferred stocks and notes in privately owned companies and investments in limited liability companies in which the Company’s interests are deemed minor. The Company's investments in private companies do not have readily determinable fair values. The Company has elected to record investments in private companies at cost, adjusted for observable price changes and impairments. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying value of the Company's investments in private companies totaled $0.9 million and $0.8 million, respectively. For each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, the Company recorded adjustments of $0.1 million and zero, respectively, to increase the fair value of certain investments in private companies for observable price changes, which are included in unrealized gain on private company investments in the consolidated statements of operations.

The Company performs a quarterly impairment analysis of its investments in private companies. As a result of the analysis performed, the Company did not record any impairments related to investments in private companies for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022.

Net investment income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 is comprised as follows:

(in thousands)	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Investment income:
Interest from fixed maturities	$	264		$	153		$	736		$	363
Dividends		11			42			85			106
(Loss) income from limited liability investments		(8	)		(12	)		(41	)		275
Income from limited liability investments, at fair value		—			—			—			4
Income from real estate investments		—			200			—			600
Other		106			110			728			280
Gross investment income		373			493			1,508			1,628
Investment expenses		(22	)		(30	)		(89	)		(81	)
Net investment income	$	351		$	463		$	1,419		$	1,547

Gross realized gains and losses on available-for-sale investments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 are comprised as follows:

(in thousands)	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Gross realized gains	$	7		$	—		$	9		$	1
Gross realized losses		(7	)		(2	)		(7	)		(23	)
Net	$	—		$	(2	)	$	2		$	(22	)

Net gain (loss) on equity investments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 is comprised as follows:

(in thousands)	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2023			2022			2023		2022
Net gains recognized on equity investments sold during the period	$	3,322		$	—		$	3,322	$	—
Change in net unrealized (losses) gains recognized on equity investments held at end of the period		(2,730	)		(5	)		52		(53	)
Net gain (loss) on equity investments	$	592		$	(5	)	$	3,374	$	(53	)

Prior to the second quarter of 2023, the Company held 400,000 warrants in Limbach Holdings, Inc. ("Limbach"). During the first quarter of 2023, the underlying common stock price of Limbach increased, resulting in an increase in the fair value of the warrants held at March 31, 2023. During the second quarter of 2023, the Company completed a cashless exercise of its Limbach warrants and received 110,036 shares of Limbach common stock. During the third quarter of 2023, the Company sold all of its Limbach common shares. The Company recorded total gains related to Limbach of $3.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.