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Statutory Financial Information | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Insurance [Abstract] |
Statutory Financial Information | 22. Statutory Financial Information GAAP differs in certain respects from Statutory Accounting Principles (“SAP”) as prescribed or permitted by the various U.S. state insurance departments. The principal differences between SAP and GAAP are as follows: • Under SAP, investments in debt securities are primarily carried at amortized cost, while under GAAP the Company records its debt securities at estimated fair value. • Under SAP, policy acquisition costs, such as commissions, premium taxes, fees and other costs of underwriting policies are charged to current operations as incurred, while under GAAP such costs are deferred and amortized on a pro rata basis over the period covered by the policy. • Under SAP, certain assets designated as "Non-admitted assets" (such as prepaid expenses) are charged against surplus. • Under SAP, net deferred income tax assets are admitted following the application of specified criteria, with the resulting admitted deferred tax amount being credited directly to surplus. • Under SAP, certain premium receivables are non-admitted and are charged against surplus based upon aging criteria. • Under SAP, the costs and related receivables for guaranty funds and other assessments are recorded based on management's estimate of the ultimate liability and related receivable settlement, while under GAAP such costs are accrued when the liability is probable and reasonably estimable and the related receivable amount is based on future premium collections or policy surcharges from in-force policies. • Under SAP, unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses and unearned premiums are reported net of the effects of reinsurance transactions, whereas under GAAP, unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses and unearned premiums are reported gross of reinsurance. • Under SAP, a provision for reinsurance is charged to surplus based on the authorized status of reinsurers, available collateral, and certain aging criteria, whereas under GAAP, an allowance for uncollectible reinsurance is established based on management’s best estimate of the collectability of reinsurance receivables. • Under SAP, the tax impact of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted on December 22, 2017 is recorded through surplus, whereas under GAAP, the tax impact is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) issues model laws and regulations, many of which have been adopted by state insurance regulators, relating to: (a) risk-based capital ("RBC") standards; (b) codification of insurance accounting principles; (c) investment restrictions; and (d) restrictions on the ability of insurance companies to pay dividends. The Company’s insurance subsidiaries are required by law to maintain certain minimum surplus on a statutory basis, and are subject to regulations under which payment of a dividend from statutory surplus is restricted and may require prior approval of regulatory authorities. Applying the current regulatory restrictions as of December 31, 2022, the maximum amount of distributions that could be paid in 2023 by Penn-Patriot Insurance Company, the United National insurance companies, and the Penn-America insurance companies under applicable laws and regulations without regulatory approval is approximately $36.7 million, $25.5 million, and $11.0 million, respectively. The Penn-America insurance companies limitation includes $3.6 million that would be distributed to United National Insurance Company or its subsidiary, Penn Independent Corporation, based on the December 31, 2022 ownership percentages. In 2022, the United National insurance companies, Penn-America insurance companies, and American Reliable Insurance Company paid dividends in the amount of $4.5 million, $7.5 million, and $124.8 million, respectively, during the year ended December 31, 2022. The $124.8 million of dividends paid by American Reliable Insurance Company represented two extraordinary dividends approved by the Arizona Department of Insurance. An extraordinary dividend in the amount of $22.5 million was paid in April 2022 and an extraordinary dividend in the amount of $102.3 million, which was contingent on the sale of American Reliable Insurance Company to Everett Cash Mutual, was paid in December 2022. The NAIC's RBC model provides a tool for insurance regulators to determine the levels of statutory capital and surplus an insurer must maintain in relation to its insurance and investment risks, as well as its reinsurance exposures, to assess the potential need for regulatory attention. The model provides four levels of regulatory attention, varying with the ratio of an insurance company's total adjusted capital to its authorized control level RBC ("ACLRBC"). If a company’s total adjusted capital is: (a) less than or equal to 200%, but greater than 150% of its ACLRBC (the "Company Action Level"), the company must submit a comprehensive plan to the regulatory authority proposing corrective actions aimed at improving its capital position; (b) less than or equal to 150%, but greater than 100% of its ACLRBC (the "Regulatory Action Level"), the regulatory authority will perform a special examination of the company and issue an order specifying the corrective actions that must be followed; (c) less than or equal to 100%, but greater than 70% of its ACLRBC (the "Authorized Control Level"), the regulatory authority may take any action it deems necessary, including placing the company under regulatory control; and (d) less than or equal to 70% of its ACLRBC (the "Mandatory Control Level"), the regulatory authority must place the company under its control. Based on the standards currently adopted, the Company reported in its 2022 statutory filings that the capital and surplus of the insurance companies are above the prescribed Company Action Level RBC requirements. The following is selected information for the Company’s insurance companies, net of intercompany eliminations, where applicable, as determined in accordance with SAP:
|  | Years Ended December 31, |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Statutory capital and surplus, as of end of period |  | $ | 367,275 |  |  | $ | 359,471 |  |  | $ | 342,987 |
Statutory net income |  |  | 23,044 |  |  |  | 29,696 |  |  |  | 73,655 |
Prior to Global Indemnity Reinsurance’s merger into Penn-Patriot on August 28, 2020, Global Indemnity Reinsurance was required to also prepare annual statutory financial statements. The Bermuda Insurance Act 1978 (the “Insurance Act”) prescribes rules for the preparation and substance of these statutory financial statements which include, in statutory form, a balance sheet, an income statement, a statement of capital and surplus and notes thereto. The statutory financial statements are not prepared in accordance with GAAP or SAP and are distinct from the financial statements prepared for presentation to Global Indemnity Reinsurance's shareholders and under the Bermuda Companies Act 1981 (the “Companies Act”), which financial statements will be prepared in accordance with GAAP. The principal differences between statutory financial statements prepared under the Insurance Act and GAAP are as follows: • Under the Insurance Act, policy acquisition costs, such as commissions, premium taxes, fees and other costs of underwriting policies are charged to current operations as incurred, while under GAAP such costs are deferred and amortized on a pro rata basis over the period covered by the policy. • Under the Insurance Act, prepaid expenses and intangible assets are charged to current operations as incurred, while under GAAP such costs are deferred and amortized on a pro rata basis. • Under the Insurance Act, unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses and unearned premiums are reported net of the effects of reinsurance transactions, whereas under GAAP, unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses and unearned premiums are reported gross of reinsurance. Under the Companies Act, Global Indemnity Reinsurance may only declare or pay a dividend if it has no reasonable grounds for believing that it is, or would after the payment be, unable to pay its liabilities as they become due, or if the realizable value of its assets would not be less than the aggregate of its liabilities and its issued share capital and share premium accounts. Global Indemnity Reinsurance is also prohibited, without the approval of the BMA, from reducing by 15% or more its total statutory capital or 25% or more of its total statutory capital and surplus as set out in its previous year’s statutory financial statements, and any application for such approval must include such information as the BMA may require. In June, 2020, Global Indemnity Reinsurance declared and paid a dividend of $226.0 million to its parent company, Global Indemnity Limited. On August 26, 2020, Global Indemnity Reinsurance merged into Penn-Patriot Insurance Company. As a result of the merger, the Company no longer has any subsidiaries which are Bermuda licensed companies and is not required to prepare annual statutory financial statements in accordance with the Bermuda Insurance Act 1978 for 2022, 2021 and 2020.

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