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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Nature of Business. SandRidge Energy, Inc. is an oil and natural gas company with a principal focus on the acquisition, exploration and development of hydrocarbon resources in the United States. Principles of Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned or majority owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company proportionately consolidates the activities of the Royalty Trusts. Reclassifications. Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications have no effect on the Company’s previously reported results of operations. Use of Estimates. The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The more significant areas requiring the use of assumptions, judgments and estimates include: oil, natural gas and NGL reserves; impairment tests of long-lived assets; the carrying value of unproved oil and natural gas properties; depreciation, depletion and amortization; asset retirement obligations; determinations of significant alterations to the full cost pool and related estimates of fair value used to allocate the full cost pool net book value to divested properties, as necessary; income taxes; valuation of derivative instruments; contingencies; and accrued revenue and related receivables. Although management believes these estimates are reasonable, actual results could differ significantly. Cash and Cash Equivalents. The Company considers all highly-liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents as these instruments are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and bear insignificant risk of changes in value due to their short maturity period. Restricted Cash. The Company maintains restricted escrow funds as required by certain contractual arrangements in accordance with the Plan. Accounts Receivable, Net. The Company has receivables for sales of oil, natural gas and NGLs, as well as receivables related to the drilling, completion, and production of oil and natural gas, which have a contractual maturity of one year or less. An allowance for doubtful accounts has been established based on management’s review of the collectibility of the receivables in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the receivables and other subjective factors. Accounts receivable are charged against the allowance, upon approval by management, when they are deemed uncollectible. Refer to Note 6 for further information on the Company’s accounts receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts. Fair Value of Financial Instruments. Certain of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities are measured at fair value. Fair value represents the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. The Company’s financial instruments, not otherwise recorded at fair value, consist primarily of cash, restricted cash, trade receivables, prepaid expenses, and trade payables and accrued expenses. The carrying values of cash, trade receivables and trade payables are considered to reflect fair values due to the short-term maturity of these instruments. See Note 5 for further discussion of the Company’s fair value measurements. Fair Value of Non-financial Assets and Liabilities. The Company also applies fair value accounting guidance to initially, or as events dictate, measure non-financial assets and liabilities such as those obtained through business acquisitions, property, plant and equipment and asset retirement obligations. These assets and liabilities are subject to fair value adjustments only in certain circumstances and are not subject to recurring revaluations. Fair value may be estimated using comparable market data, a discounted cash flow method, or a combination of the two as considered appropriate based on the circumstances. Under the discounted cash flow method, estimated future cash flows are based on management’s expectations for the future and include estimates of future oil and natural gas production or other applicable sales estimates, operational costs and a risk-adjusted discount rate. The Company may use the present value of estimated future cash inflows and/or outflows, third-party offers or prices of comparable assets with consideration of current market conditions to fair value its non-financial assets and liabilities when necessary. Derivative Financial Instruments. The Company enters into oil and natural gas derivative contracts to manage risks related to fluctuations in prices of its expected oil and natural gas production. The Company considers current and anticipated market conditions, planned capital expenditures, and any debt service requirements when determining whether to enter into oil and gas derivative contracts. The Company may also, from time to time, enter into interest rate swaps in order to manage risk associated with its exposure to variable interest rates. The Company recognizes its derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings unless designated as a hedging instrument. The Company has elected not to designate price risk management activities as accounting hedges under applicable accounting guidance. The Company nets derivative assets and liabilities whenever it has a legally enforceable master netting agreement with the counterparty to a derivative contract. The related cash flow impact of the Company’s derivative activities are reflected as cash flows from operating activities unless the derivative contract contains a significant financing element, in which case, cash settlements are classified as cash flows from financing activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. See Note 11 for further discussion of the Company’s derivatives. Oil and Natural Gas Operations. The Company uses the full cost method to account for its oil and natural gas properties. Under full cost accounting, all costs directly associated with the acquisition, exploration and development of oil, natural gas and NGL reserves are capitalized into a full cost pool. These capitalized costs include costs of unproved properties and internal costs directly related to the Company’s acquisition, exploration and development activities and capitalized interest. The Successor Company capitalized gross internal costs of $8.8 million, $14.8 million and $4.0 million during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the Successor 2016 Period, respectively, and the Predecessor Company capitalized internal costs of $22.7 million to the full cost pool during the Predecessor 2016 Period. Capitalized costs are amortized using the unit-of-production method. Under this method, depreciation and depletion is computed at the end of each quarter by multiplying total production for the quarter by a depletion rate. The depletion rate is determined by dividing the total unamortized cost base plus future development costs by net equivalent proved reserves at the beginning of the quarter. Costs associated with unproved properties are excluded from the amortizable cost base until it has been determined that proved reserves exist or a lease is impaired. Unproved properties are reviewed at the end of each quarter to determine whether the costs incurred should be reclassified to the full cost pool and amortized. The costs associated with unproved properties are primarily the costs to acquire unproved acreage. All items classified as unproved property are assessed, on an individual basis or as a group if properties are individually insignificant, on a quarterly basis for possible impairment. The assessment includes consideration of various factors, including, but not limited to, the following: intent to drill; remaining lease term; geological and geophysical evaluations; drilling results and activity; assignment of proved reserves; and whether the proved reserves can be developed economically. During any period in which these factors indicate an impairment, all or a portion of the associated leasehold costs are transferred to the full cost pool and become subject to amortization. Costs of seismic data are allocated to unproved leaseholds and transferred to the amortization base with the associated leasehold costs on a specific project basis. Under the full cost method of accounting, total capitalized costs of oil and natural gas properties, net of accumulated depreciation, depletion and impairment, less related deferred income taxes may not exceed the ceiling limitation. A ceiling limitation calculation is performed at the end of each quarter. If the ceiling limitation is exceeded, a write-down or impairment of the full cost pool is required. A write-down of the carrying value of the full cost pool is a non-cash charge that reduces earnings and impacts stockholders’ equity and typically results in lower depreciation and depletion expense in future periods. Once incurred, a write-down cannot be reversed at a later date. The ceiling limitation calculation is prepared using SEC prices adjusted for basis or location differentials, held constant over the life of the reserves. If applicable, these prices would be further adjusted to include the effects of any fixed price arrangements for the sale of oil and natural gas. Derivative contracts that qualify and are designated as cash flow hedges are included in estimated future cash flows, although the Company historically has not designated any of its derivative contracts as cash flow hedges. The future cash outflows associated with future development or abandonment of wells are included in the computation of the discounted present value of future net revenues for purposes of the ceiling limitation calculation. Sales and abandonments of oil and natural gas properties being amortized are accounted for as adjustments to the full cost pool, with no gain or loss recognized, unless the adjustments would significantly alter the relationship between capitalized costs and proved oil, natural gas and NGL reserves. A significant alteration would not ordinarily be expected to occur upon the sale of reserves involving less than 25% of the proved reserve quantities of a cost center. Property, Plant and Equipment, Net. Other capitalized costs, including other property and equipment, such as electrical infrastructure assets and buildings, are carried at cost or the fair value established on the Emergence Date. Renewals and improvements are capitalized while repairs and maintenance are expensed. Depreciation of such property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from 7 to 39 years for buildings and 1 to 27 years for the electrical infrastructure assets and other equipment. When property and equipment components are disposed, the cost and the related accumulated depreciation are removed and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations. Realization of the carrying value of property and equipment is reviewed for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such asset may not be recoverable. Assets are considered to be impaired if a forecast of undiscounted estimated future net operating cash flows directly related to the asset or asset group including disposal value is less than the carrying amount of the asset or asset group. Impairment is measured as the excess of the carrying amount of the impaired asset or asset group over its fair value. See Note 8 for further discussion of impairments. Capitalized Interest. Interest is capitalized on assets being made ready for use using a weighted average interest rate based on the Company’s borrowings outstanding during that time. During the year ended December 31, 2018 the Company capitalized an insignificant amount of interest costs and in the year ended December 31, 2017, and the Successor 2016 Period, the Company did not capitalize any interest costs as capital expenditures were not financed with debt during these periods. During the Predecessor 2016 Period, the Company capitalized interest of approximately $2.2 million on unproved properties that were not currently being depreciated or depleted and on which exploration activities were in progress. Debt Issuance Costs. The Company includes unamortized line-of-credit debt issuance costs, if any, related to its credit facility in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Other debt issuance costs related to long-term debt, if any, are presented in the balance sheets as a direct deduction from the associated debt liability. Debt issuance costs are amortized to interest expense over the term of the related debt. When debt is retired, any unamortized costs are written off and included in gain or loss on extinguishment of debt. Investments. Investments in marketable equity securities at December 31, 2017 related to the Company’s then-outstanding non-qualified deferred compensation plan. The investments in this plan were designated as available for sale and measured at fair value using quoted prices readily available in the market (fair value option) which requires unrealized gains and losses be reported in earnings. Investments are included in other current assets and other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2017. The non-qualified deferred compensation plan was terminated and all remaining assets were paid to participants during the first quarter of 2018. See Note 5 and Note 16 for additional discussion of investments. Asset Retirement Obligations. The Company owns oil and natural gas assets that require expenditures to plug, abandon and remediate associated property at the end of their productive lives, in accordance with applicable federal and state laws. Liabilities for these asset retirement obligations are recorded at the estimated present value at the time the wells are drilled or acquired, with the offsetting increase to property cost. These property costs are depreciated on a unit-of-production basis within the full cost pool. The liability accretes each period until it is settled or the asset is sold and the liability is removed. Both the accretion and the depreciation are included in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company determines its asset retirement obligations by calculating the present value of estimated expenses related to the liability. Estimating future asset retirement obligations requires management to make estimates and judgments regarding timing, existence of a liability and what constitutes adequate restoration. Inherent in the present value calculation are the timing of settlement and changes in the legal, regulatory, environmental and political environments, which are subject to change. See Note 12 for further discussion of the Company’s asset retirement obligations. Revenue Recognition and Natural Gas Balancing. Sales of oil, natural gas and NGLs are recorded at a point in time when control of the oil, natural gas and NGL production passes to the customer at the inlet of the processing plant or pipeline, or the delivery point for onloading to a delivery truck, net of royalties, discounts and allowances, as applicable. Additionally, the Successor Company made an accounting policy election on the Emergence Date to deduct transportation costs from oil, natural gas and NGL revenues. This resulted in presenting $27.7 million, $29.1 million and $7.4 million of transportation costs as a reduction from revenues in the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the Successor 2016 Period, respectively, versus presenting $26.2 million of these costs as production expenses in the Predecessor 2016 Period. Taxes assessed by governmental authorities on oil, natural gas and NGL sales are included in production tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations. See Note 17 for further information on the Company's accounting policies related to revenues. The Company accounts for natural gas production imbalances using the sales method, which recognizes revenue on all natural gas sold even though the natural gas volumes sold may be more or less than the Company's ownership entitles it to sell. Liabilities are recorded for imbalances greater than the Company’s proportionate share of remaining estimated natural gas reserves. The Company has recorded a liability for natural gas imbalance positions of $1.7 million and $1.6 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Company includes the gas imbalance positions in other long-term obligations in the consolidated balance sheets. Allocation of Share-Based Compensation. For both the Successor and Predecessor Companies, equity compensation provided to employees directly involved in exploration and development activities is capitalized to the Company’s oil and natural gas properties. Equity compensation not capitalized is recognized in general and administrative expenses, production expenses, and other operating expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Income Taxes. Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the amounts of assets and liabilities reported for financial statement purposes and their tax basis. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if it is deemed more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company has elected an accounting policy in which interest and penalties on income taxes resulting from the underpayment or late payment of income taxes due to a taxing authority or relating to income tax contingencies are presented as a component of the income tax provision, rather than as interest expense. Earnings per Share. Basic earnings per common share is calculated by dividing earnings available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated by dividing earnings available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of diluted common shares outstanding, which includes the effect of potentially dilutive securities. Potentially dilutive securities for the Successor Company consist of unvested restricted stock awards and warrants, using the treasury method, and convertible senior notes, using the if-converted method. Potentially dilutive securities for the Predecessor Company consist of unvested restricted stock awards and restricted share units, using the treasury method, and convertible preferred stock and convertible senior notes, using the if-converted method. Under the treasury method, the amount of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock-based compensation grants or the proceeds that would be received if the warrants were exercised are assumed to be used to repurchase shares at the average market price. During the Successor 2016 Period, the Company assumed the conversion of the Convertible Notes to common stock under the if-converted method and determined if it was more dilutive than including the expense associated with the Convertible Notes in the computation of income available to common stockholders during the period the Convertible Notes were outstanding. The Predecessor Company also assumed the conversion of the preferred stock or Convertible Senior Unsecured Notes to common stock under the if-converted method and determined if it was more dilutive than including the preferred stock dividends or expense associated with the Convertible Senior Unsecured Notes, respectively, in the computation of income available to common stockholders. When a loss exists, all potentially dilutive securities are anti-dilutive and are therefore excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share. See Note 21 for the Company’s earnings per share calculation. Commitments and Contingencies. Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation or other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. Environmental expenditures are expensed or capitalized, as appropriate, depending on future economic benefit. Expenditures that relate to an existing condition caused by past operations and that have no future economic benefit are expensed. Environmental liabilities related to future costs are recorded on an undiscounted basis when assessments and/or remediation activities are probable and costs can be reasonably estimated. See Note 13 for discussion of the Company’s commitments and contingencies. Concentration of Risk. All of the Company’s commodity derivative transactions have been carried out in the over-the-counter market, which involves the risk that the counterparties may be unable to meet the financial terms of the transactions. The counterparties for all of the Company’s commodity derivative transactions have an “investment grade” credit rating. The Company monitors the credit ratings of its commodity derivative counterparties on an ongoing basis and considers their credit default risk ratings in determining the fair value of its commodity derivative contracts. The Company’s commodity derivative contracts are with multiple counterparties to minimize exposure to any individual counterparty. If the Company defaults on its credit facility it will also default on commodity derivative contracts with counterparties that are lenders under the credit facility. The Company does not require collateral or other security from counterparties to support commodity derivative instruments. The Company has master netting agreements with all of its commodity derivative counterparties, which allow the Company to net its commodity derivative assets and liabilities for like commodities and derivative instruments with the same counterparty. As a result of the netting provisions, the Company’s maximum amount of loss under commodity derivative transactions due to credit risk is limited to the net amounts due from the counterparties under the commodity derivative contracts. The Company’s loss is further limited as any amounts due from a defaulting counterparty that is a lender under the credit facility can be offset against any amounts owed to the same counterparty under the credit facility. The Company operates a substantial portion of its oil and natural gas properties. As the operator of a property, the Company makes full payment for costs associated with the property and seeks reimbursement from the other working interest owners in the property for their share of those costs. The Company’s joint interest partners are primarily independent oil and natural gas producers. If the oil and natural gas exploration and production industry in general was adversely affected, the ability of the joint interest partners to reimburse the Company could be adversely affected. Purchasers of the Company’s oil, natural gas and NGL production consist primarily of independent marketers, large oil and natural gas companies and gas pipeline companies. The Company believes alternate purchasers are available in its areas of operations and does not believe the loss of any one purchaser would materially affect its ability to sell the oil, natural gas and NGLs it produces. The Company had sales exceeding 10% of total revenues to the following oil and natural gas purchasers (in thousands):
| Sales |  | % of Revenue
December 31, 2018 - Successor |  |  |
Targa Midstream Services L.P. | $ | 126,548 |  | 36.2 | %
Plains Marketing, L.P. | $ | 102,182 |  | 29.2 | %
Sinclair Crude Company | $ | 62,623 |  | 17.9 | %
December 31, 2017 - Successor |  |  |
Targa Pipeline Mid-Continent West OK LLC | $ | 144,583 |  | 40.5 | %
Plains Marketing, L.P. | $ | 117,927 |  | 33.0 | %
Period from October 2, 2016 through December 31, 2016 - Successor |  |  |
Targa Pipeline Mid-Continent West OK LLC | $ | 35,845 |  | 36.4 | %
Plains Marketing, L.P. | $ | 32,022 |  | 32.5 | %
Period from January 1, 2016 through October 1, 2016 - Predecessor |  |  |
Plains Marketing, L.P. | $ | 110,370 |  | 37.6 | %
Targa Pipeline Mid-Continent West OK LLC | $ | 108,238 |  | 36.8 | %
Recent Accounting Pronouncements. The FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606),” which outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenues from contracts with customers. Its objective is to increase the usefulness of information in the financial statements regarding the nature, timing and uncertainty of revenues. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date," which deferred the effective date of ASU 2014-09 to January 1, 2018, for the Company. The ASU required adoption using either the retrospective transition method, which required restating previously reported results or the cumulative effect (modified retrospective) transition method, which utilized a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings in the period of adoption to account for prior period effects rather than restating previously reported results. The Company adopted Topic 606 and all the related amendments (the “new revenue standard”) on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective transition method. See Note 17 for further discussion of the adoption of the new revenue standard. The FASB issued ASU 2016-16, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory,” which removed the prohibition in ASC 740 against the immediate recognition of current and deferred income tax effects of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. The amendments in this ASU were effective for the Company on January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted on January 1, 2017. The ASU required application on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The Company adopted the ASU on January 1, 2018. There was no impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures upon adoption. The FASB issued ASU 2017-05, “Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets (Subtopic: 610-20): Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and the Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets,” which helps filers determine the guidance applicable for gain/loss recognition subsequent to the adoption of ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The amendments also clarified that the derecognition of all businesses except those related to conveyances of oil and gas rights or contracts with customers should be accounted for in accordance with the derecognition and deconsolidation guidance in Topic 810, Consolidation. The Company adopted the ASU on January 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective transition method. Under this transition method the Company could have elected to apply this guidance retrospectively either to all contracts at the date of initial application or only to contracts that are not completed contracts at the date of initial application. The Company elected to evaluate only contracts that are not completed contracts. As there were no uncompleted contracts at January 1, 2018, there was no impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures upon adoption. The FASB issued ASU 2018-13, "Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) - Disclosure Framework - Changes to the disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement," which removes, modifies or adds disclosure requirements regarding fair value measurements. The amendments in this ASU are effective for all entities beginning after December 15, 2019, with amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty requiring prospective adoption and all other amendments requiring retrospective adoption. Early adoption is permitted and the Company elected to adopt this ASU during the third quarter of 2018, which resulted in a change to the Company's fair value measurement disclosures on a prospective basis, but had no impact on its consolidated financial statements. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted. The FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” and other associated ASU's related to Topic 842 which requires lessees to recognize the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations of all leases with a term greater than 12 months (long-term) on the balance sheet. Leases will be classified as financing or operating expenses, with the classification affecting the pattern and classification of expense recognition in the income statement. Leases to explore for or use oil and natural gas are not impacted by this guidance. This topic is effective for the Company on January 1, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. Topic 842 provides a number of optional practical expedients in transition. The Company plans to elect the ‘package of practical expedients,’ and therefore will not have to reassess its prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial indirect costs. The Company also plans to elect the land easement practical expedient. The Company will also utilize the short-term lease recognition exemption, which means assets and liabilities will not be recognized for the rights and obligations of qualifying leases, including existing short-term leases of those assets in transition. The Company does not plan to elect the use-of-hindsight. Upon adoption, the Company anticipates (i) recognizing assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations of its vehicle and equipment leases and, (ii) providing new disclosures about the Company’s leasing activities. The Company has completed the implementation of a lease contract management system and is finalizing processes and internal controls to properly identify, classify, measure and recognize new (or modified) leases on and after the date of adoption. The Company will adopt Topic 842 using a modified retrospective approach by recognizing a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Company is still finalizing its evaluation of the January 1, 2019 adoption. The impact to recognize the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations of the Company's leases on the balance sheet is not expected to be material at adoption. New disclosures will be required in the first quarter of 2019 to present information related to the Company's leases, including the Company's short-term leases, which are not required to be presented on the balance sheet utilizing the short-term lease recognition exemption. The FASB issued ASU 2016-13, “Financial Instruments —Credit Losses (Topic 326) Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The standard will replace the currently required incurred loss approach with an expected loss model for instruments measured at amortized cost. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted for the interim and annual periods beginning after December 31, 2018, and will be applied using a modified retrospective approach resulting in a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings upon adoption. The Company does not plan to early adopt and is currently evaluating the effect the guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements; however, the impact is not expected to be material.
Revaluation of Assets |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting PoliciesFresh Start Accounting. Upon emergence from bankruptcy, the Company applied fresh start accounting to its financial statements because (i) the holders of existing voting shares of the Company prior to its emergence received less than 50% of the voting shares of the Company outstanding following its emergence from bankruptcy and (ii) the reorganization value of the Company’s assets immediately prior to confirmation of the plan of reorganization was less than the post-petition liabilities and allowed claims. The Company elected to apply fresh start accounting effective October 1, 2016, to coincide with the timing of its normal fourth quarter reporting period, which resulted in SandRidge becoming a new entity for financial reporting purposes. The Company evaluated and concluded that events between October 1, 2016, and October 4, 2016, were immaterial and use of an accounting convenience date of October 1, 2016, was appropriate. As such, related fresh start adjustments are included in the accompanying statement of operations for the Predecessor 2016 Period. As a result of the application of fresh start accounting and the effects of the implementation of the Plan, the financial statements for the Successor 2016 Period will not be comparable with the financial statements prior to that date. Reorganization Value. Reorganization value represented the fair value of the Successor Company’s total assets on the Emergence Date and approximated the amount a willing buyer would pay for the assets immediately after restructuring. Under fresh start accounting, the Company allocated the reorganization value to its individual assets based on their estimated fair values. The Company’s reorganization value was derived from an estimate of enterprise value, which represented the estimated fair value of long-term debt and other interest-bearing liabilities and shareholders’ equity. In support of the Plan, the Company estimated the enterprise value of the Successor Company to be in the range of $1.0 billion to $1.3 billion, which was subsequently approved by the Bankruptcy Court. The Company estimated the final enterprise value to be approximately $1.1 billion. This valuation analysis was prepared using reserve information, development schedules, other financial information and financial projections, third-party real estate reports, and applying standard valuation techniques, including net asset value analysis, precedent transactions analyses and public comparable company analyses. The following table reconciles the enterprise value to the estimated reorganization value as of the Emergence Date (in thousands):
Enterprise value |  | $ | 1,089,808
Plus: cash and cash equivalents |  | 563,372
Plus: other working capital liabilities |  | 131,766
Plus: other long-term liabilities |  | 8,549
Reorganization value of Successor assets |  | $ | 1,793,495
Reorganization value and enterprise value were estimated using numerous projections and assumptions that are inherently subject to significant uncertainties and resolution of contingencies that are beyond our control. Accordingly, the estimates included in this report are not necessarily indicative of actual outcomes, and there can be no assurance that the estimates, projections or assumptions will be realized. Reorganization Items Reorganization items represent liabilities settled, net of amounts incurred, subsequent to the Chapter 11 filing as a direct result of the Plan and are classified as gain on reorganization items, net in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. The following table summarizes reorganization items for the Predecessor 2016 Period (in thousands):
Unamortized long-term debt |  | $ | 3,546,847
Litigation claims |  | (20,478)
Rejections and cures of executory contracts |  | (16,038)
Ad valorem and franchise taxes |  | (3,494)
Legal and professional fees and expenses |  | (44,920)
Write off of director and officer insurance policy |  | (7,533)
Gain on accounts payable settlements |  | 84,228
Loss on mortgage |  | (8,153)
Gain on preferred stock dividends |  | 37,893
Fresh start valuation adjustments |  | (28,549)
Fair value of equity issued |  | (827,424)
Principal value of Convertible Notes issued |  | (281,780)
Gain on reorganization items, net |  | $ | 2,430,599

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