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Income Taxes
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
For each interim reporting period, the Company estimates the effective tax rate expected for the full fiscal year and uses that estimated rate in providing for income taxes on a current year-to-date basis.

Deferred income taxes are provided to reflect the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements. The Company’s deferred tax assets have been reduced by a valuation allowance due to a determination that it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred assets will not be realized based on the weight of all available evidence. The Company continues to closely monitor and weigh all available evidence, including both positive and negative, in making its determination whether to maintain a valuation allowance. As a result of the significant weight placed on the Company's trailing three-year cumulative negative earnings position, the Company continued to maintain a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax asset at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. As a result, the Company had no federal or state income tax expense or benefit for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) Section 382 addresses company ownership changes and specifically limits the utilization of certain deductions and other tax attributes on an annual basis following an ownership change. As a result of the Chapter 11 reorganization and related transactions, the Company experienced an ownership change within the meaning of IRC Section 382 during 2016 that subjected certain of the Company’s tax attributes, including net operating losses ("NOLs"), to an IRC Section 382 limitation. This limitation has not resulted in cash taxes for any period subsequent to the ownership change. Since the 2016 ownership change, the Company has generated additional NOLs and other tax attributes that are not currently subject to an IRC Section 382 limitation. The Company adopted the tax benefits preservation plan, as amended on March 16, 2021, in order to protect the Company’s ability to use its tax NOLs and certain other tax benefits.

As of September 30, 2022, the Company had approximately $1.6 billion of federal NOL carryforwards, net of NOLs expected to expire unused due to the 2016 IRC Section 382 limitation. Of the $1.6 billion of federal NOL carryforwards, $0.7 billion expire during the years 2028 through 2037, while the remaining $0.9 billion do not have an expiration date. Additionally, the Company had federal tax credits in excess of $33.5 million which begin expiring in 2029.
The Company did not have unrecognized tax benefits at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

The Company’s only taxing jurisdiction is the United States (federal and state). The Company’s tax years 2018 to present remain open for federal examination. Additionally, tax years 2005 through 2017 remain subject to examination for the purpose of determining the amount of federal NOL and other carryforwards. The number of years open for state tax audits varies, depending on the state, but are generally from three to five years.