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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
(Benefit) Provision for Income Taxes
The Company’s income tax (benefit) provision consisted of the following components (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
Current
Federal$— $— $— 
State— — — 
— — — 
Deferred
Federal12,002 (55,796)— 
State1,958 (8,733)— 
13,960 (64,529)— 
Total (benefit) provision $13,960 $(64,529)$— 
Reconciliation of Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes at Statutory Federal Tax Rate
A reconciliation of the (benefit) provision for income taxes at the statutory federal tax rate to the Company’s actual income tax (benefit) provision is as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
Computed at federal statutory rate$15,712$37,304$24,404
State taxes, net of federal benefit2,4335,8433,012
Non-deductible expenses2383
Stock-based compensation(71)23(541)
Return to provision adjustments 7381,015(221)
Change in statutory tax rate2,66525,499
Change in state net operating loss carryforwards31,762
Change in valuation allowance(7,537)(165,978)(26,733)
Other18(4)
Total (benefit) provision $13,960$(64,529)$
Effective tax rate18.7 %(36.3)%— %
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):
 December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Deferred tax liabilities
Investments (1)$— $— 
Derivative contracts— — 
Total deferred tax liabilities— — 
Deferred tax assets
Property, plant and equipment68,750 89,090 
Net operating loss carryforwards372,903 373,702 
Tax credits and other carryforwards33,851 33,852 
Asset retirement obligations13,551 13,791 
Investments (1)121 165 
Other1,618 1,392 
Total deferred tax assets490,794 511,992 
Valuation allowance(440,225)(447,463)
Net deferred tax asset$50,569 $64,529 
____________________
(1) Includes the Company’s deferred tax liability resulting from its investment in the Royalty Trusts.