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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Consolidated Financial Statement Presentation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Kearny Financial Corp. (the “Company”), its wholly-owned subsidiary, Kearny Bank (the “Bank”) and the Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, CJB Investment Corp., 189-245 Berdan Avenue LLC and Kearny Wealth Management LLC. The Company conducts its business principally through the Bank. Management prepared the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), including the elimination of all significant inter-company accounts and transactions during consolidation. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the dates of the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and revenues and expenses for the periods then ended. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. Business of the Company and Subsidiaries The Company’s primary business is the ownership and operation of the Bank. The Bank is principally engaged in the business of attracting deposits from the general public and using those deposits, together with other funds, to originate or purchase loans for its portfolio and invest in securities. Loans originated or purchased by the Bank generally include loans collateralized by residential and commercial real estate augmented by secured and unsecured loans to businesses and consumers. The investment securities purchased by the Bank generally include U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities, U.S. government and agency debentures, obligations of state and political subdivisions, corporate bonds, asset-backed securities, collateralized loan obligations and subordinated debt. At June 30, 2024, the Bank had three wholly-owned subsidiaries, CJB Investment Corp., 189-245 Berdan Avenue LLC and Kearny Wealth Management LLC. CJB Investment Corp. was organized under New Jersey law as a New Jersey Investment Company and remained active through the three-year period ended June 30, 2024. 189-245 Berdan Avenue LLC was formed during the year ended June 30, 2023 for the purpose of ownership and operation of commercial real estate. In February 2024, the Bank formed the Kearny Wealth Management LLC subsidiary for the purpose of providing wealth management and insurance brokerage services via a third-party service provider. Subsequent Events The Company has evaluated events and transactions occurring subsequent to the statement of financial condition date of June 30, 2024, for items that should potentially be recognized or disclosed in these consolidated financial statements. The evaluation was conducted through the date this document was filed. On July 25, 2024, the Company declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.11 per share, payable on August 26, 2024 to stockholders of record as of August 12, 2024. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash, deposits with other financial institutions with maturities fewer than 90 days, and federal funds sold. Net cash flows are reported for customer loan and deposit transactions, interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions and borrowings with original maturities fewer than 90 days. Securities The Company classifies its investment securities as either available for sale or held to maturity. The Company does not use or maintain a trading account. Investment securities that management has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held to maturity and reported at amortized cost. Investment securities not classified as held to maturity are classified as available for sale and reported at fair value, with unrealized holding gains or losses, net of deferred income taxes, reported in the accumulated other comprehensive income (“OCI”) component of stockholders’ equity. Premiums on callable securities are amortized to the earliest call date whereas discounts on such securities are accreted to the maturity date utilizing the level-yield method. Premiums and discounts on all other securities are generally amortized or accreted to the maturity date utilizing the level-yield method taking into consideration the impact of principal amortization and prepayments, as applicable. Gain or loss on sales of securities is based on the specific identification method. Pursuant to the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 326, for available for sale securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company first assesses whether it intends to sell, or it is more than likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For securities available for sale that do not meet the above criteria, the Company evaluates whether the decline in fair value has resulted from credit losses or other factors. In making this assessment, the Company considers the extent to which fair value is less than amortized cost, any changes to the rating by a rating agency, and adverse conditions related to the security, among other factors. If this assessment indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair value is less than the amortized cost. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of tax. The Company elected the practical expedient of zero loss estimates for securities issued by U.S. government entities and agencies. These securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major agencies and have a long history of no credit losses. Under ASC 326, changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded as provision for, or reversal of, credit loss expense. Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of an available for sale security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. Concentration of Risk Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company and its subsidiaries to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents, investment securities and loans receivable. Cash and cash equivalents include deposits placed in other financial institutions. Securities include concentrations of investments backed by U.S. government agencies and U.S. government sponsored enterprises (“GSEs”), including the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) and the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”). Additional concentration risk exists in the Company’s municipal and corporate obligations, asset-backed securities and collateralized loan obligations. The Company’s lending activity is primarily concentrated in loans collateralized by real estate in the states of New Jersey and New York. As a result, credit risk is broadly dependent on the real estate market and general economic conditions in these states. Additionally, the Company’s lending policies limit the amount of credit extended to any single borrower and their related interests thereby limiting the concentration of credit risk to any single borrower. Loans Receivable Loans receivable that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at unpaid principal balances, net of deferred loan origination fees and costs, purchase discounts and premiums, purchase accounting fair value adjustments and the allowance for credit losses. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Certain direct loan origination costs, net of loan origination fees, are deferred and amortized, using the level-yield method, as an adjustment of yield over the contractual lives of the related loans. Unearned premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted utilizing the level-yield method over the contractual lives of the related loans. Loans Held-for-Sale Loans held-for-sale are carried at the lower of cost or estimated fair value, as determined on an aggregate basis. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recognized in a valuation allowance through a charge to earnings. Premiums and discounts and origination fees and costs on loans held-for-sale are deferred and recognized as a component of the gain or loss on sale. Gains and losses on sales of loans held-for-sale are recognized on settlement dates and are determined by the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the loans. These transactions are accounted for as sales based on satisfaction of the criteria for such accounting which provide that, as transferor, control over the loans have been surrendered. Past Due Loans A loan’s past due status is generally determined based upon its principal and interest (“P&I”) payment delinquency status in conjunction with its past maturity status, where applicable. A loan’s P&I payment delinquency status is based upon the number of calendar days between the date of the earliest P&I payment due and the as of measurement date. A loan’s past maturity status, where applicable, is based upon the number of calendar days between a loan’s contractual maturity date and the as of measurement date. Based upon the larger of these criteria, loans are categorized into the following past due tiers for financial statement reporting and disclosure purposes: Current (including 1-29 days), 30-59 days, 60-89 days and 90 or more days. Nonaccrual Loans Loans are generally placed on nonaccrual status when contractual payments become 90 or more days past due or when the Company does not expect to receive all P&I payments owed substantially in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement, regardless of past due status. Loans that become 90 day past due, but are well secured and in the process of collection, may remain on accrual status. Nonaccrual loans are generally returned to accrual status when all payments due are brought current and the Company expects to receive all remaining P&I payments owed substantially in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement. Payments received in cash on nonaccrual loans, including both the principal and interest portions of those payments, are generally applied to reduce the carrying value of the loan. Classification of Assets In compliance with the regulatory guidelines, the Company’s loan review system includes an evaluation process through which certain loans exhibiting adverse credit quality characteristics are classified as Special Mention, Substandard, Doubtful or Loss. An asset is classified as Substandard if it is inadequately protected by the paying capacity and net worth of the obligor or the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard assets include those characterized by the distinct possibility that the insured institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as Doubtful have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified as Substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values. Assets, or portions thereof, classified as Loss are considered uncollectible or of so little value that their continuance as assets is not warranted. Assets which do not currently expose the Company to a sufficient degree of risk to warrant an adverse classification but have some credit deficiencies or other potential weaknesses are designated as Special Mention by management. Adversely classified assets together with those rated as Special Mention, are generally referred to as Classified Assets. Non-classified assets are internally rated within one of four Pass categories or as Watch with the latter denoting a potential deficiency or concern that warrants increased oversight or tracking by management until remediated. Management generally performs a classification of assets review, including the regulatory classification of assets, on an ongoing basis. The results of the classification of assets review are validated by the Company’s third party loan review firm during their quarterly independent review. In the event of a difference in rating or classification between those assigned by the internal and external resources, the Company will generally utilize the more critical or conservative rating or classification. Final loan ratings and regulatory classifications are presented monthly to the Board of Directors and are reviewed by regulators during the examination process. Allowance for Credit Losses Pursuant to ASC 326, the allowance for credit losses represents the estimated amount considered necessary to cover lifetime expected credit losses inherent in financial assets at the balance sheet date. The measurement of expected credit losses is applicable to loans receivable and securities measured at amortized cost. It also applies to off-balance sheet credit exposures such as loan commitments and unused lines of credit. The allowance is established through a provision for credit losses that is charged against income. The methodology for determining the allowance for credit losses is considered a critical accounting policy by management because of the high degree of judgment involved, the subjectivity of the assumptions used, and the potential for changes in the forecasted economic environment that could result in changes to the amount of the recorded allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is reported separately as a contra-asset on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The expected credit losses for unfunded lending commitments and unfunded loan commitments is reported on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition in other liabilities while the provision for credit losses related to unfunded commitments is reported in other non-interest expense. Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans Receivable The allowance for credit losses on loans is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the loan to present the net amount expected to be collected. Expected losses are evaluated and calculated on a collective, or pooled, basis for those loans which share similar risk characteristics. At each reporting period, the Company evaluates whether loans within a pool continue to exhibit similar risk characteristics. If the risk characteristics of a loan change, such that they are no longer similar to other loans in the pool, the Company will evaluate the loan with a different pool of loans that share similar risk characteristics. If the loan does not share risk characteristics with other loans, the Company will evaluate the loan on an individual basis. The Company evaluates the pooling methodology at least annually. Loans are charged off against the allowance for credit losses when the Company believes the balances to be uncollectible. Expected recoveries do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged off or expected to be charged off. The Company has chosen to segment its portfolio consistent with the manner in which it manages credit risk. Such segments include multi-family mortgage, nonresidential mortgage, commercial business, construction, one- to four-family residential mortgage, home equity and consumer. For most segments the Company calculates estimated credit losses using a probability of default and loss given default methodology, the results of which are applied to the aggregated discounted cash flow of each individual loan within the segment. The point in time probability of default and loss given default are then conditioned by macroeconomic scenarios to incorporate reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. The Company estimates the allowance for credit losses on loans via a quantitative analysis which considers relevant available information from internal and external sources related to past events and current conditions, as well as the incorporation of reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Company evaluates a variety of factors including third party economic forecasts, industry trends and other available published economic information in arriving at its forecasts. After the reasonable and supportable forecast period, the Company reverts, on a straight-line basis, to the historical average economic variables. Expected credit losses are estimated over the contractual term of the loans, adjusted for expected prepayments when appropriate. The contractual term excludes expected extensions, renewals, and modifications. Also included in the allowance for credit losses on loans are qualitative reserves to cover losses that are expected but, in the Company’s assessment, may not be adequately represented in the quantitative analysis or the forecasts described above. Factors that the Company considers include changes in lending policies and procedures, business conditions, the nature and size of the portfolio, portfolio concentrations, the volume and severity of past due loans and non-accrual loans, the effect of external factors such as competition, legal and regulatory requirements, among others. Qualitative loss factors are applied to each portfolio segment with the amounts judgmentally determined by the relative risk to the most severe loss periods identified in the historical loan charge-offs of a peer group of similar-sized regional banks. Individually Evaluated Loans On a case-by-case basis, the Company may conclude that a loan should be evaluated on an individual basis based on its disparate risk characteristics. When the Company determines that a loan no longer shares similar risk characteristics with other loans in the portfolio, the allowance will be determined on an individual basis using the present value of expected cash flows or, for collateral-dependent loans, the fair value of the collateral as of the reporting date, less estimated selling costs, as applicable. If the fair value of the collateral is less than the amortized cost basis of the loan, the Company will charge off the difference between the fair value of the collateral, less costs to sell at the reporting date and the amortized cost basis of the loan. Acquired Loans Acquired loans are included in the Company's calculation of the allowance for credit losses. How the allowance on an acquired loan is recorded depends on whether or not it has been classified as a Purchased Credit Deteriorated (“PCD”) loan. PCD loans are loans acquired at a discount that is due, in part, to credit quality. PCD loans are accounted for in accordance with ASC Subtopic 326-20 and are initially recorded at fair value as determined by the sum of the present value of expected future cash flows and an allowance for credit losses at acquisition. The allowance for PCD loans is recorded through a gross-up effect, while the allowance for acquired non-PCD loans is recorded through provision expense, consistent with originated loans. Thus, the determination of which loans are PCD and non-PCD can have a significant impact on the accounting for these loans. Subsequent to acquisition, the allowance for PCD loans will generally follow the same estimation, provision and charge-off process as non-PCD acquired and originated loans. Allowance for Credit Losses on Off-Balance Sheet Commitments The Company is required to include unfunded commitments that are expected to be funded in the future within the allowance calculation, other than those that are unconditionally cancelable. To arrive at that reserve, the reserve percentage for each applicable segment is applied to the unused portion of the expected commitment balance and is multiplied by the expected funding rate. To determine the expected funding rate, the Company uses a historical utilization rate for each segment. As noted above, the allowance for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments is included in other liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and the related credit expense is recorded in other non-interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Loan Modifications Prior to July 1, 2023, a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) occurred when the terms of a loan were modified because of deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower. TDRs could include, but were not limited to, the modification of loan terms such as the reduction of the loan’s stated interest rate, extension of the maturity date and/or reduction or deferral of amounts owed under the terms of the loan agreement. In measuring the impairment associated with restructured loans that qualified as TDRs, the Company compared the present value of the cash flows that were expected to be received in accordance with the loan’s modified terms, discounted at the loan’s original contractual interest rate, with the pre-modification carrying value to measure impairment. Effective July 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures (“ASU 2022-02”), which replaced the accounting and recognition of TDRs. ASU 2022-02 eliminated the accounting guidance on troubled debt restructurings for creditors in ASC 310-40 and amends the guidance on "vintage disclosures" to require disclosure of current-period gross write-offs by year of origination. ASU 2022-02 also updates the requirements related to accounting for credit losses under ASC 326 and adds enhanced disclosures for creditors with respect to loan refinancings and restructurings for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Under ASU 2022-02, the Company assesses all loan modifications to determine whether one is granted to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty, regardless of whether the modified loan terms include a concession. Modifications granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may be in the form of an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, a term extension, principal forgiveness or a combination thereof. All modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are placed on nonaccrual status for a period of no less than six months after modification. Modified loans may be returned to accrual status and a non-adverse classification if (1) the borrower has paid timely P&I payments in accordance with the terms of the modified loan agreement for no less than six consecutive months after modification due to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty, and (2) the Company expects to receive all P&I payments owed substantially in accordance with the terms of the modified loan agreement. Premises and Equipment Land is carried at cost. Office buildings, leasehold improvements and furniture, fixtures and equipment are carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Office buildings and furniture, fixtures and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives of the respective assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the terms of the respective leases or lives of the assets, whichever is shorter. Construction in progress primarily represents facilities under construction for future use in our business and includes all costs to acquire land and construct buildings, as well as capitalized interest during the construction period. Interest is capitalized at the Company’s average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. Other Real Estate Owned and Other Repossessed Assets Properties and other assets acquired through foreclosure, deed in lieu of foreclosure or repossession are carried at estimated fair value, less estimated selling costs. The estimated fair value of real estate property and other repossessed assets is generally based on independent appraisals. When an asset is acquired, the excess of the loan balance over fair value, less estimated selling costs, is charged to the allowance for credit losses. Thereafter, decreases in the properties’ estimated fair value are charged to income along with any additional property maintenance and protection expenses incurred in owning the properties. Federal Home Loan Bank Stock Federal law requires a member institution of the FHLB system to hold restricted stock of its district FHLB according to a predetermined formula. The restricted stock is carried at cost, less any applicable impairment. Both cash and stock dividends are reported as income. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Goodwill arises from business combinations and is generally determined as the excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred, plus the fair value of any noncontrolling interests in the acquiree, over the fair value of the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a purchase business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but tested for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events and circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. The Company performed its annual impairment test during the fourth quarter of its fiscal year ended June 30, 2024. Intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values. Goodwill is the only intangible asset with an indefinite life on our audited Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. In assessing impairment, the Company has the option to perform a qualitative analysis to determine whether the existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If, after assessing the totality of such events or circumstances, the Company determines it is not more-likely-than-not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the Company would not be required to perform a quantitative impairment test. For the year ended June 30, 2024, the annual quantitative assessment of goodwill for our single reporting unit was performed utilizing a discounted cash flow analysis (“income approach”) and estimates of selected market information (“market approaches”). The income approach measures the fair value of an interest in a business by discounting expected future cash flows to present value. The market approaches take into consideration fair values of comparable companies operating in similar lines of business that are potentially subject to similar economic and environmental factors and could be considered reasonable investment alternatives. The result of the income approach was weighted at 50% and the results of the market approaches comprised the remaining 50% in determining the fair value of our single reporting unit. The results of the annual quantitative impairment analysis indicated that the fair value did not exceed the carrying value for our single reporting unit. A pre-tax goodwill impairment of $97.4 million was required to be recorded as a non-cash expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) for the year ended June 30, 2024. No impairment charges were required to be recorded in the years ended June 30, 2023 or 2022. (See Note 8, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, for additional information). The balance of other intangible assets at June 30, 2024 and 2023 totaled $1.9 million and $2.5 million, respectively, representing the remaining unamortized balance of the core deposit intangibles ascribed to the value of deposits acquired by the Bank through the acquisition of Clifton Bancorp Inc. in April 2018 and MSB Financial Corp. in July 2020. Bank Owned Life Insurance Bank owned life insurance is accounted for using the cash surrender value method and is recorded at its net realizable value. The change in the net asset value is recorded as a component of non-interest income. A deferred liability has been recorded for the estimated cost of postretirement life insurance benefits accruing to applicable employees and directors covered by an endorsement split-dollar life insurance arrangement. Transfers of Financial Assets Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales, when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company - put presumptively beyond the reach of the transferor and its creditors, even in bankruptcy or other receivership, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity or the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return specific assets. Income Taxes The Company and its subsidiaries file consolidated federal income tax returns. Federal income taxes are allocated to each entity based on their respective contributions to the taxable income of the consolidated income tax returns. Separate state income tax returns are filed for the Company and its subsidiaries on either a consolidated or unconsolidated basis as required by the jurisdiction. The federal income tax rate of 21% was applicable for the years ended June 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022. Federal and state income taxes have been provided on the basis of the Company’s income or loss as reported in accordance with GAAP. The amounts reflected on the Company’s state and federal income tax returns differ from these provisions due principally to temporary differences in the reporting of certain items for financial statement reporting and income tax reporting purposes. The tax effect of these temporary differences is accounted for as deferred taxes applicable to future periods. Deferred income tax expense or benefit is determined by recognizing deferred tax assets and liabilities for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in earnings in the period that includes the enactment date. The realization of deferred tax assets is assessed and a valuation allowance provided for the full amount which is not more likely than not to be realized. The Company identified no significant income tax uncertainties through the evaluation of its income tax positions as of June 30, 2024 and 2023. Therefore, the Company has no unrecognized income tax benefits as of those dates. Our policy is to recognize interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss). The Company recognized no material interest and penalties during the years ended June 30, 2024, 2023 or 2022. The tax years subject to examination by the taxing authorities are the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Retirement Plans Pension expense is the net of service and interest cost, return on plan assets and amortization of gains and losses not immediately recognized. Employee 401(k) and profit sharing plan expense is the amount of matching contributions. Deferred compensation plan expense allocates the benefits over years of service. Employee Stock Ownership Plan The cost of shares issued to the Employee Stock Ownership Plan (the “ESOP”), but not yet allocated to participants, is shown as a reduction of shareholders’ equity. Compensation expense is based on the market price of shares as they are committed to be released to participant accounts. Dividends on allocated and unallocated ESOP shares either reduce retained earnings or reduce debt and accrued interest as determined by the ESOP Plan Administrator. Comprehensive Income Comprehensive income is comprised of net income and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) includes items recorded in equity, such as unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale, unrealized gains and losses on derivatives and amortization related to post-retirement obligations. Comprehensive income is presented in a separate Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss). Loss Contingencies Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does not believe there now are such matters that will have a material effect on the financial statements. Loan Commitments and Related Financial Instruments Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans and commercial letters of credit, issued to meet customer financing needs. The face amount for these items represents the exposure to loss, before considering customer collateral or ability to repay. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded. (See Note 16, Commitments, for additional information). Derivatives and Hedging The Company utilizes derivative instruments in the form of interest rate swaps, caps and floors to hedge its exposure to interest rate risk in conjunction with its overall asset/liability management process. In accordance with accounting requirements, the Company formally designates all of its hedging relationships as either fair value hedges, intended to offset the changes in the value of certain financial instruments due to movements in interest rates, or cash flow hedges, intended to offset changes in the cash flows of certain financial instruments due to movement in interest rates, and documents the strategy for undertaking the hedge transactions, and its method of assessing ongoing effectiveness. The Company does not use derivative instruments for speculative purposes. All derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at their fair values. For a derivative designated as a cash flow hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into interest expense in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. For a derivative designated as a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in current earnings. Derivative instruments qualify for hedge accounting treatment only if they are designated as such on the date on which the derivative contract is entered and are expected to be, and are, effective in substantially reducing interest rate risk arising from the assets and liabilities identified as exposing the Company to risk. Those derivative financial instruments that do not meet the hedging criteria discussed below would be classified as undesignated derivatives and would be recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in income. The Company discontinues hedge accounting when (a) it determines that a derivative is no longer effective in offsetting changes in cash flows of a hedged item; (b) the derivative expires or is sold, terminated or exercised; (c) probability exists that the forecasted transaction will no longer occur; or (d) management determines that designating the derivative as a hedging instrument is no longer appropriate. In all cases in which hedge accounting is discontinued and a derivative remains outstanding, the Company will carry the derivative at fair value in the Consolidated Financial Statements, recognizing changes in fair value in current period income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. In accordance with the applicable accounting guidance, the Company takes into account the impact of collateral and master netting agreements that allow it to settle all derivative contracts held with a single counterparty on a net basis, and to offset the net derivative position with the related collateral when recognizing derivative assets and liabilities. As a result, the Company’s Statements of Financial Condition could reflect derivative contracts with negative fair values included in derivative assets, and contracts with positive fair values included in derivative liabilities. The Company’s interest rate derivatives are comprised of interest rate swaps and caps hedging variable rate wholesale funding and accounted for as cash flow hedges. The carrying value of interest rate derivatives is included in the balance of other assets or other liabilities and comprises the remaining unamortized cost of interest rate caps and the cumulative changes in the fair value of interest rate derivatives. Such changes in fair value are offset against accumulated other comprehensive income, net of deferred income tax. In general, the cash flows received and/or exchanged with counterparties for those derivatives qualifying as interest rate hedges are generally classified in the financial statements in the same category as the cash flows of the items being hedged. Interest differentials paid or received under the swap agreements are reflected as adjustments to interest expense. The notional amounts of the interest rate swaps are not exchanged and do not represent exposure to credit loss. In the event of default by a counter party, the risk in these transactions is the cost of replacing the agreements at current market rates. Net Income per Common Share (“EPS”) Basic EPS is based on the weighted average number of common shares actually outstanding adjusted for the ESOP shares not yet committed to be released. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock, such as outstanding stock options or restricted stock units, were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the earnings of the Company. Diluted EPS is calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding to include the effect of contracts or securities exercisable or which could be converted into common stock, if dilutive, using the treasury stock method. Shares issued and reacquired during any period are weighted for the portion of the period they were outstanding. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in Note 17, Fair Value of Financial Instruments. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment regarding interest rates, credit risk, prepayments, and other factors, especially in the absence of broad markets for particular items. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect these estimates. Operating Segments Public companies are required to report certain financial information about significant revenue-producing segments of the business for which such information is available and utilized by the chief operating decision makers. Substantially all of the Company’s operations occur through the Bank and involve the delivery of loan and deposit products to customers. Management makes operating decisions and assesses performance based on an ongoing review of its banking operation, which constitutes the Company’s only operating segment for financial reporting purposes. Stock Compensation Plans Compensation expense related to stock options, non-vested stock awards and non-vested stock units is based on the fair value of the award on the measurement date with expense recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period of the award. The fair value of stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The fair value of non-vested stock awards and stock units is generally the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur. Advertising and Marketing Expenses The Company expenses advertising and marketing costs as incurred.

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