<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001999371-25-000134.txt : 20250106
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20250106082520
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001999371-25-000134
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		16
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20250106
ITEM INFORMATION:		Results of Operations and Financial Condition
ITEM INFORMATION:		Regulation FD Disclosure
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20250106
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20250106

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Lifeway Foods, Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000814586
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	DAIRY PRODUCTS [2020]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	04 Manufacturing
		IRS NUMBER:				363442829
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			IL
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-42398
		FILM NUMBER:		25509125

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		6431 W OAKTON
		CITY:			MORTON GROVE
		STATE:			IL
		ZIP:			60053
		BUSINESS PHONE:		847-967-1010

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		6431 W OAKTON
		CITY:			MORTON GROVE
		STATE:			IL
		ZIP:			60053

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	LIFEWAY FOODS INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19920703
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<p style="font: bold 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">UNITED STATES<br/>
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION<br/>
Washington, D.C. 20549</p>

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<p style="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">CURRENT REPORT<br/>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>N/A</b></p>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last
Report.)</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously
satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">Emerging growth company &#9744;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant
has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant
to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. &#9744;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>



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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in"><b>Item 2.02.&#160;&#160;&#160;Results of Operations and Financial Condition.</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">On January 6, 2025, on behalf of the
board of directors (the &#8220;<b><i>Board</i></b>&#8221;) of Lifeway Foods, Inc., an Illinois corporation (the &#8220;<b><i>Company</i></b>&#8221;),
counsel to the Company sent a letter (the &#8220;<b><i>Response Letter</i></b>&#8221;) to Danone North America PBC (&#8220;<b><i>Danone</i></b>&#8221;),
responding to the letter that Danone sent to the Company on December 30, 2024. The Response Letter states that, &#8220;Based on current
preliminary and unaudited projections, the Company expects that (a) net sales will range between $45.1 million and $46.6 million for the
three-month period ended December 31, 2024, up from $42.1 million for the same three-month period in 2023, and (b) full-year 2024 net
sales will range between $185.0 million and $186.5 million, up from $160.1 million in 2023.&#8221;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</p>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.5in; text-indent: -0.5in"><b>Item 7.01.&#160;&#160;&#160;Regulation
FD Disclosure.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in">On January 6, 2025, on behalf of the Board,
counsel to the Company sent the Response Letter to Danone. The Response Letter is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report and
is incorporated herein by reference.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 12pt; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>This Current Report and Exhibit 99.1 hereto
contain &#8220;forward-looking statements&#8221; within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section
21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical statements
of fact and those regarding the Company&#8217;s intent, belief, plans or expectations for the Company&#8217;s business, operations, financial
performance or condition, including, without limitation, statements regarding expected net sales and Adjusted EBITDA. These statements
use words such as &#8220;continue,&#8221; &#8220;believe,&#8221; &#8220;expect,&#8221; &#8220;anticipate,&#8221; &#8220;plan,&#8221; &#8220;project,&#8221;
&#8220;estimate,&#8221; &#8220;outlook,&#8221; &#8220;potential,&#8221; &#8220;forecast&#8221; and similar expressions or future or conditional
verbs such as &#8220;will,&#8221; &#8220;should,&#8221; &#8220;would,&#8221; &#8220;may&#8221; and &#8220;could.&#8221; You are cautioned
not to rely on these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this Current Report, are
based on current expectations of future events and thus are inherently subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which involve
factors or circumstances beyond the Company&#8217;s control. If underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or known or unknown risks or uncertainties
materialize, actual results could vary materially from the Company&#8217;s expectations and projections. These risks, uncertainties and
other factors include: price competition; the decisions of customers or consumers; the actions of competitors; changes in the pricing
of commodities; the effects of government regulation; possible delays in the introduction of new products; customer acceptance of products
and services; and other factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; of the Company&#8217;s Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and Part II, Item 1A &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; of the Company&#8217;s Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended September&#160;30, 2024. Additionally, there can be no assurance that the Company&#8217;s actual fourth quarter and full year 2024 net sales will not differ, perhaps substantially, from the preliminary net sales expectations contained in this Current Report and Exhibit 99.1 hereto. The Company has not completed its fourth quarter and full year 2024 closing and review process, and the final results for the fourth quarter and full year 2024 may differ, perhaps substantially, from the statements made in this Current Report and Exhibit 99.1 hereto. During the course of preparing the Company&#8217;s financial statements and during the Company&#8217;s review process, the Company may identify items that would require the Company to make adjustments, which may be material to the amounts described in this Current Report and Exhibit 99.1 hereto. The Company expressly disclaims any obligation to update any forward-looking
statements (including, without limitation, to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events or new
information), except as required by law.</i></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in"><i>This Current Report and Exhibit 99.1 hereto
cite a press release issued by the Company on November 26, 2024, which refers to Adjusted EBITDA, a financial measure that has not been
prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (&#8220;<b>GAAP</b>&#8221;) and that may exclude items that
are significant to understanding and assessing financial results. This non-GAAP measure was provided to enhance investors&#8217; overall
understanding of the Company&#8217;s financial performance. Non-GAAP financial measures should be considered as supplements to GAAP measures
reported, should not be considered replacements for, or superior to, GAAP measures reported and may not be comparable to similarly named
measures used by other companies. The Company&#8217;s calculation of non-GAAP financial measures may differ from methods used by other
companies. A reconciliation of non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures is included in the November 26, 2024 press
release, which was furnished in a Current Report filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 26, 2024.</i></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 0 0.25in; text-indent: 0in">(d)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Exhibits:</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange
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    <td style="text-indent: 0in"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Date:&#160;&#160;January 6, 2025</span></td>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-99.1
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<DESCRIPTION>LETTER, DATED JANUARY 6, 2025
<TEXT>
<HTML>
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<!-- Field: Rule-Page --><DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 3pt; width: 100%"><DIV STYLE="font-size: 1pt; border-top: Black 2pt solid; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;</DIV></DIV><!-- Field: /Rule-Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: left"><B><A HREF="lway-8k_010625.htm">LIFEWAY FOODS, INC. 8-K</A></B></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 99.1</B></P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>
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    <TD STYLE="width: 38%; font: 6.5pt/10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.25pt">Sidley Austin LLP<BR>
One South Dearborn Street<BR>
Chicago, IL 60603<BR>
+1 312 853 7000<BR>
+1 312 853 7036&nbsp;Fax</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 32%; font: 6.5pt/10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.25pt">+1 312 853 7621<BR>
jducayet@sidley.com</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">January 6, 2025</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><U>By email</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">Mr. Shane Grant<BR>
Danone Deputy CEO<BR>
President &amp; CEO of Danone North America PBC<BR>
CEO Americas and EVP Dairy, Plant-Based and Global Sales<BR>
1 Maple Avenue<BR>
White Plains, NY 10605</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; font: bold 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; font: bold 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">Re:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 88%; font: bold 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal"><U>Danone&rsquo;s
    Letter Dated December 30, 2024</U></FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">Dear Mr. Grant:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">On behalf of the board of directors (&ldquo;<B><I>Board</I></B>&rdquo;)
of Lifeway Foods, Inc. (&ldquo;<B><I>Lifeway</I></B>&rdquo; or the &ldquo;<B><I>Company</I></B>&rdquo;), I write in response to your letter
of December 30, 2024.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Board takes its fiduciary duties seriously and
strongly disputes the assertion of Danone North America PBC (&ldquo;<B><I>Danone</I></B>&rdquo;) that the Board&rsquo;s carefully considered
decision to reject Danone&rsquo;s inadequate offer, or that its decision to issue shares earned by the Company&rsquo;s CEO since 2021
in line with market compensation practices, is in breach of those duties. Without endeavoring to respond to every point in your letter,
we wanted to emphasize the following.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><I>First</I></B>, your letter seriously mischaracterizes
the circumstances surrounding the Board&rsquo;s determination that Danone&rsquo;s initial $25 per share offer and subsequent $27 per share
offer substantially undervalue Lifeway and are not in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders or other stakeholders. Those
decisions were taken after careful and thorough consideration, conducted in consultation with the Board&rsquo;s independent financial
and legal advisors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Importantly, in connection with the Board&rsquo;s
consideration of the $27 per share offer, the Company issued a press release on November 26, 2024. That press release stated, &ldquo;The
Board determined that Danone&rsquo;s $27.00 per share proposal substantially undervalues the Company. The Board is not, however, opposed
to the sale of the Company at any price.&rdquo; It also provided additional details about the reasons why the Board believes that the
Company&rsquo;s standalone plan has the potential to provide value to all shareholders superior to Danone&rsquo;s offer. These reasons
included, without limitation, that the Company forecasts annual Adjusted EBITDA<SUP>1</SUP> to grow from $22 million in 2023 to between
$45 million and $50 million in 2027. As noted in the press release, &ldquo;Based on the expected 2027 EBITDA range, the Danone proposal
of $27 per share implies a very low multiple of ~7.5x &ndash; 8.5x EBITDA, even prior to accounting for substantial synergies and additional
operational efficiencies that Danone (or another strategic acquirer) could realize.&rdquo; Your letter does not dispute any of this,
but instead claims that &ldquo;Danone has seen no convincing evidence&rdquo; that the Board would be willing to entertain an offer that
maximizes value. That is false. In fact, as you know, the Company&rsquo;s financial advisors had a meeting with Danone&rsquo;s financial
advisors on the subject. Rather than engage with the Company in good faith on a potentially value-maximizing transaction, Danone is opportunistically
determined to push through an inadequate offer. In the meantime, the Company has continued to execute on its strategy and deliver substantial
value for shareholders. Based on current preliminary and unaudited projections, the Company expects that (a) net sales will range between
$45.1 million and $46.6 million for the three-month period ended December 31, 2024, up from $42.1 million for the same three-month period
in 2023, and (b) full-year 2024 net sales will range between $185.0 million and $186.5 million, up from $160.1 million in 2023.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<HR ALIGN="LEFT" SIZE="1" COLOR="Black" STYLE="width: 33%">

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><SUP>1</SUP>&nbsp;&nbsp;Adjusted EBITDA is defined as Operating Income, as reported,
plus Depreciation and Amortization, plus Stock-Based Compensation.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 8pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">Sidley Austin LLP is a limited liability
partnership practicing in affiliation with other Sidley Austin partnerships.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><I>Second</I></B>, with respect to the October 1,
1999 Stockholders&rsquo; Agreement (as amended on December 24, 1999 and as extended in certain respects in eight extensions executed by
certain of the parties to the Stockholders&rsquo; Agreement, the last of which was dated as of December 31, 2009, the &ldquo;<B><I>Shareholder
Agreement</I></B>&rdquo;), your letter characterizes Lifeway&rsquo;s position regarding the validity of the Shareholder Agreement as &ldquo;made-up&rdquo;
and &ldquo;spurious&rdquo; and refers to your counsel&rsquo;s letter of November 15, 2024. Your letter makes no reference to Sidley&rsquo;s
reply to that letter dated November 25, 2024, which set forth in detail why Danone&rsquo;s interpretation is incorrect as a matter of
Illinois law and general corporate law principles. Notably, we have not received any response to that letter, a copy of which is attached.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><B><I>Third</I></B> and finally, the Board stands fully
behind its decisions regarding Ms. Smolyansky&rsquo;s December 23, 2024 Amended and Restated Employment Agreement and Retention Bonus
Agreement. Until the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement was executed, the terms of Ms. Smolyansky&rsquo;s employment were governed
by an agreement dating back to <U>2002</U>. The Board had been working on updating that agreement long before Danone made its initial
$25 per share offer, and the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement does not increase Ms. Smolyansky&rsquo;s annual base salary, bonus
entitlement or equity grant from 2023 levels. It does, however, benefit the Company in a number of ways, including by subjecting Ms. Smolyansky
to a two-year non-competition provision and a two-year non-solicitation provision and by clarifying intellectual property ownership. In
addition, the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement provides for a customary change in control provision, which was not included in
her 2002 agreement. Together with the Retention Bonus Agreement, the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement further aligns Ms. Smolyansky&rsquo;s
incentives with those of the other shareholders of the Company and also helps ensure continuity of leadership and focus on the business,
notwithstanding Danone&rsquo;s unsolicited public offers to acquire all of the shares of the Company that it does not already own.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Ms. Smolyansky has presided over a tremendously successful
period of growth, including, without limitation, 21 consecutive quarters of growth through the fourth quarter of 2024, double-digit year-over-year
revenue growth in 2024, and total shareholder returns of 788% and 270% over the past five and three years, respectively (as measured through
September 23, 2024, the last full trading day before Danone&rsquo;s initial unsolicited proposal was publicly disclosed), far outperforming
other high growth food and beverage peers as well as the S&amp;P 500. The Board believes that her continued stewardship is critical to
ensuring the success of the Company&rsquo;s standalone business plan.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Lifeway continues to reserve all rights and waives
none. If you would like to discuss this matter further, your counsel can reach me at jducayet@sidley.com or (312)-853-7621.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

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    <TD STYLE="width: 20%; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Very truly yours,</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 27%; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ James W. Ducayet</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">James W. Ducayet</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">Attachment</P>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">cc:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Josh Cammaker and Ryan A.
McLeod, Wachtell Lipton, Rosen &amp; Katz</P>

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    <TD STYLE="width: 38%; font: 6.5pt/10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.25pt">Sidley Austin LLP<BR>
One South Dearborn Street<BR>
Chicago, IL 60603<BR>
+1 312 853 7000<BR>
+1 312 853 7036&nbsp;Fax</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 32%; font: 6.5pt/10pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.25pt">+1 312 853 7621<BR>
jducayet@sidley.com</TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center">November 25, 2024</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><U>By email</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">Mr. Ryan A. McLeod<BR>
Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen &amp; Katz<BR>
51 West 52nd Street<BR>
New York, New York 10019</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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    <TD STYLE="width: 6%; font: bold 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">Re:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 88%; font: bold 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; font-weight: normal">Danone&#8217;s Response to November 8, 2024 Letter Concerning Proposed Acquisition of Lifeway Foods, Inc. and Shareholder Agreement</FONT></TD></TR>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"><FONT STYLE="font-weight: normal">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-indent: 0in">Dear Ryan:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in">I write in response to your November 15, 2024
letter concerning the proposed acquisition of Lifeway Foods, Inc. (&#8220;<B><I>Lifeway</I></B>&#8221; or the &#8220;<B><I>Company</I></B>&#8221;)
by Danone North America PBC (collectively with Danone Foods, Inc. and any successor or assignee thereof under the Shareholder Agreement
(as defined below), &#8220;<B><I>Danone</I></B>&#8221;) and the October 1, 1999 Stockholders&#8217; Agreement (as amended on December
24, 1999 and as extended in certain respects in eight extensions executed by certain of the parties to the Stockholders&#8217; Agreement,
the last of which was dated as of December 31, 2009, the &#8220;<B><I>Shareholder Agreement</I></B>&#8221;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in">Your letter accuses Lifeway of &#8220;fundamentally
misunderstand[ing]&#8221; and &#8220;ignor[ing]&#8221; relevant Illinois law, namely, the <I>Galler v. Galler</I> decision. As discussed
below, the <I>Galler </I>case, which predates the Illinois statute at issue (805 ILCS 5/7.71) that was adopted effective January 1, 1991,
does not authorize shareholder agreements like the one at issue here. Instead, <I>Galler</I> was a careful attempt by the Illinois Supreme
Court to confirm the permissibility of shareholder agreements concerning company management in the close corporation context, where all
existing shareholders had consented to the arrangement. Thus, rather than supporting Danone&#8217;s argument, <I>Galler</I> illustrates
how much of a departure the Shareholder Agreement is from anything that has ever been permitted by Illinois courts or under Illinois statute.
To be clear: no shareholder agreement concerning the management of an Illinois public company has <I>ever</I> been upheld under the Illinois
statute or under <I>Galler</I>, much less one that is as wide-ranging and unlimited in duration as this one. That is because such non-unanimous
public company shareholder agreements simply are not permissible.<SUP>1</SUP></P>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>1.</B></FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B><I>Galler </I>Confirms That the Shareholder Agreement is Invalid<I>.</I></B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The principal assertion in your letter is that Lifeway
has fundamentally erred in failing to understand that under Illinois law, the statutory requirement of unanimity is a permissive &#8220;safe
harbor,&#8221; and &#8220;a shareholder&#8217;s agreement can be upheld either under the statute or under the doctrine of the <I>Galler</I>
case.&#8221; Resp. at 3 (quoting Ill. Prac. Business Organizations &sect; 10:11 (2d ed.)). But the <I>Galler</I> case provides no assistance
to Danone. Its holding only applies in contexts that, unlike this one, are analogous to the close corporation, and only to agreements,
unlike the Shareholder Agreement, that do not prejudice non-signing minority shareholders in any respect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 3pt; text-indent: 0pt"><U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U></P>

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<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 13.5pt"><SUP>1</SUP></TD><TD>Additionally, you are mistaken that the &#8220;parties&#8221; to the Shareholder Agreement subsequently extended the Shareholder Agreement
eight times. As we noted in our letter, what purported to be extensions of certain portions of the Shareholder Agreement were executed
by only two of the Shareholder Agreement&#8217;s six parties&#8212;Lifeway and Danone&#8212;in direct contravention of the Shareholder
Agreement itself. <I>See </I>Shareholder Agreement, &sect;&nbsp;7.09 (providing in relevant part: &#8220;This Agreement may not be amended
or modified except .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. by an instrument in writing signed by, or on behalf of, the parties hereto[.]&#8221;). Such legal requirements
are not &#8220;makeweight&#8221; (Resp. at 2) and cannot simply be ignored when inconvenient to Danone. Neither can the Illinois law governing
the agreement.</TD></TR></TABLE>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 8pt Arial, Helvetica, Sans-Serif; margin: 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">Sidley Austin LLP is a limited liability
partnership practicing in affiliation with other Sidley Austin partnerships.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>First</I>, the <I>Galler </I>case expressly
held that it was appropriate for the court to depart from certain rules governing shareholder agreements <I>in the close corporation context</I>.
<I>See, e.g.</I>, <I>Galler v. Galler</I>, 32 Ill.2d 16, 28 (1964) (&#8220;It is therefore necessary, we feel, to discuss the instant
case with <B><I>the problems peculiar to the close corporation</I></B> particularly in mind.&#8221;); <I>id.</I> at 27 (&#8220;[I]t <B><I>should
be emphasized that we deal here with a so-called close corporation</I></B>.&#8221;); <I>id.</I> at 29 (&#8220;[C]ourts have long ago quite
realistically, we feel, relaxed their attitudes concerning statutory compliance <B><I>when dealing with close corporate behavior</I></B>,
permitting &#8216;slight deviations&#8217; from corporate &#8216;norms&#8217; in order to give legal efficacy to common business practice.&#8221;)
(emphases added). In fact, the <I>Galler</I> Court explained that the close corporation context was unique and <I>unlike</I> any other
corporate context. <I>See id.</I> at 28 (&#8220;[T]here has been a definite, albeit inarticulate, <B><I>trend toward eventual judicial
treatment of the close corporation as sui generis</I></B>.&#8221;); <I>id.</I> at 30 (&#8220;This court has recognized, albeit sub silentio,
<B><I>the significant conceptual differences between the close corporation and its public-issue counterpart</I></B>[.]&#8221;); <I>id.</I>
at 31 (&#8220;[T]he <B><I>courts can no longer fail to expressly distinguish between the close and public-issue corporation </I></B>when
confronted with problems relating to either.&#8221;) (emphases added). The <I>Galler</I> Court also explained why the distinction between
close and public corporations is important when it comes to imposing limitations on shareholder agreements:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt 0.5in; background-color: white">In a typical close corporation the
stockholders&#8217; agreement is usually the result of careful deliberation among all initial investors. <B><I>In the large public-issue
corporation, on the other hand, the &#8216;agreement&#8217; represented by the corporate charter is not consciously agreed to by the investors;
they have no voice in its formulation, and very few ever read the certificate of incorporation.</I></B> Preservation of the corporate
norms may there be necessary for the protection of the public investors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; background-color: white"><I>Galler</I>, 32 Ill.2d at 30 (emphasis
added) (quoting Hornstein, &#8216;Stockholders&#8217; Agreements in the Closely Held Corporation&#8217;, 59 Yale L. Journal, 1040, 1056).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in">The Illinois Appellate Court has confirmed as
much, holding that the &#8220;principle thrust of the Galler decision&#8221; concerns agreements permissible by &#8220;those in control
<B><I>of a close corporation</I></B>&#8221; and that &#8220;the Supreme Court in Galler imposed limitations on the operation and use of
this general rule <B><I>for close corporations</I></B>.&#8221; <I>Somers v. AAA Temporary Services, Inc.</I>, 5 Ill.App.3d 931, 934 (1972)
(emphases added).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in">Accordingly, as an initial matter, the doctrine
of the <I>Galler</I> case can only be understood as applicable to close corporations or, at most, circumstances similar to the close corporation
context where no voiceless shareholder interests are at stake. That is plainly not the case here.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>Second</I>, and relatedly, your letter misstates
the holding in <I>Galler</I> in multiple respects. For instance, you state that <I>Galler</I> &#8220;considered the validity of a non-unanimous
stockholders agreement.&#8221; Resp. at 2. While it is accurate that only 95% of the company at issue in <I>Galler</I> was owned by two
shareholders at the time of the relevant agreement that both shareholders signed, at the time the case was actually adjudicated, <I>all
</I>of the shares were owned by the two shareholders or their successors. <I>Galler</I>, 32 Ill.2d at 17-19. Indeed, the <I>Galler</I>
Court expressly relied upon the fact that &#8220;there are no shareholders here other than the parties to the contract,&#8221; and found
&#8220;the absence of an objecting minority interest&#8221; (because there was no minority interest at all) to be a &#8220;controlling
factor&#8221; in its decision. <I>Galler</I>, 32 Ill.2d at 34, 22.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Moreover, your letter misquotes the decision. You
have inserted the word &#8220;undue&#8221; into the standard for determining prejudice to a minority interest supposedly announced
in <I>Galler</I>. <I>See </I>Resp. at 2 (stating that <I>Galler</I> &#8220;ruled that stockholder agreements like it would be upheld
in the absence of fraud, <B><I>undue prejudice to minority stockholders</I></B>, injury to the public or creditors, or direct
conflict with mandatory statutory law&#8221;) (emphasis added). <I>Compare, e.g.</I>, <I>Galler</I>, 32 Ill.2d at 32 (citing the
history of shareholder voting agreements, which are upheld &#8220;in the absence of fraud or <B><I>prejudice to minority
interests</I></B> or public policy&#8221;); <I>id. </I>at 33 (upholding shareholder agreement &#8220;so long as there exists <B><I>no
detriment to minority stock interests</I></B>, creditors or other public injury&#8221;) (emphases added). The words &#8220;undue
prejudice&#8221; do not appear anywhere in the <I>Galler </I>decision, much less in the minority shareholder context. Instead, and
consistent with its ruling applicable to the close corporation context (where no voiceless minority interest is harmed), to the
extent <I>Galler</I> permits shareholder agreements that are not unanimous, such agreements may only be entered in (1) the close
corporation context and (2) within that context, the limited circumstances where the agreement causes <I>no </I>harm whatsoever to
minority shareholders. That scenario is difficult to imagine in the public company context, as here.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">Page 3</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt; text-indent: 0.5in">The Danone-Lifeway Shareholder Agreement plainly
causes minority shareholders &#8220;prejudice&#8221; within the meaning of <I>Galler</I> for all of the reasons set out in our November
8 letter. Your letter asserts that &#8220;of course&#8221; no minority interest can be impinged by the Shareholder Agreement and Danone&#8217;s
actions under it because Danone itself is a &#8220;minority stockholder&#8221; (Resp. at 3). That does not logically follow. Danone, in
its capacity as a potential buyer, seeks to acquire the Company while operating under a Shareholder Agreement that provides it a significant
advantage over any other potential bidder. That plainly impinges on the rights of the minority shareholders other than Danone to receive
a fair price, even if Danone is also itself a minority shareholder. The Shareholder Agreement also significantly limits the Company&#8217;s
freedom of action in numerous other ways, as discussed in our prior letter, also harming other shareholders.</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 8pt; background-color: white"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>2.</B></FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>The Plain Text of Section 7.71 Confirms Lifeway&#8217;s Reading</B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt; text-indent: 0.5in">The Shareholder Agreement is also plainly barred
by Section 7.71 of the Illinois Business Corporation Act. Your reading of Section 7.71 as a &#8220;safe harbor&#8221; permitting an agreement
under either the statute or Illinois common law is incorrect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>First</I>, your letter relies upon a reading
of the statute under which the term &#8220;may&#8221; in Section 7.71(a) means that Section 7.71 is permissive, rather than mandatory.
But the statute uses the term &#8220;may&#8221; because there is no mandatory requirement to enter into a shareholder agreement at all.
As such, substituting the term &#8220;shall&#8221; for &#8220;may&#8221; in the statute would be nonsensical. The interpretation in our
letter is consistent with how Illinois courts have interpreted similarly worded statutes in the past. <I>See, e.g.</I>, <I>Hampton v.
Vill. of Washburn</I>, 317 Ill. App. 3d 439, 442&#8211;3 (2000) (holding that a statute providing in part that &#8220;an employee or applicant
for employment may commence an action in the circuit court to enforce the provisions of this Act .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. where efforts to resolve
the employee&#8217;s .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. complaint .&nbsp;.&nbsp;. have failed&#8221; was mandatory, not permissive, because, in context,
&#8220;may&#8221; applied to the initial decision to take action, not the options available once a party chose to act).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 8pt; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>Second</I>, you claim that the existence of
subsection (e)<SUP>2</SUP> means that the Illinois legislature intended to permit shareholder agreements like this one, that are agreed
to by only a subset of a public company&#8217;s shareholders but impinge on the rights of all of them. Setting aside that there is no
Illinois statute or rule of Illinois common law that permits such agreements, the <I>Galler</I> case further demonstrates why this argument
is wrong. If the Illinois legislature intended to permit shareholder agreements of the type at issue here, despite <I>Galler</I>&#8217;s
cautious approach in permitting even a unanimous agreement among a company&#8217;s only two shareholders and despite the lack of any prior
case law suggesting such an agreement was permitted, it would have said so directly. Instead, the only logical reading of subsection (e)
is that it is intended to preserve corporate rules otherwise applicable&#8212;for instance that if an agreement provides a shareholder
with control of a company, that shareholder then must exercise fiduciary duties for the benefit of all shareholders. Ill. Prac., Business
Organizations &sect; 10:2 (2d ed.). This is consistent with the provision applicable to shareholder agreements in close corporations.
That provision also requires unanimity. It also expressly includes a subsection that, similar to Section 7.71(e)&#8217;s preservation
of background rules such as the fiduciary duties imposed on controller shareholders, explains that if shareholders take up management
of the company by agreement, they will be subject to &#8220;the liability for managerial acts that is imposed by the laws of this State
upon directors.&#8221; 805 ILCS 5/2A.40.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><I>Third</I>, you argue that subsection (b) &#8220;expressly
contemplate[s]&#8221; that shareholder agreements under the statute will not always be unanimous because that subsection refers to &#8220;any
shareholder not party to the agreement.&#8221; That ignores the existence of transferees. Nor does your reading make sense in any event,
since it applies only to &#8220;[a]n agreement created pursuant to this Section&#8221;&#8212;and even under your own reading, agreements
created pursuant to Section 7.71 <I>must</I> be unanimous. <I>See </I>Resp. at 3 (&#8220;the purpose of the statute is to allow parties
to undertake voluntary additional steps (i.e., unanimity)&#8221;). <I>See In re Hernandez</I>, 918 F.3d 563, 569 (7th Cir. 2019), certified
question answered, 2020 IL 124661, 161 N.E.3d 135 (&#8220;Illinois law recognizes interpretive canons against surplusage and absurdity.&#8221;).
The actual purpose of subsection (b) is to ensure that agreements entered unanimously at a particular time do not harm later transferees,
by ensuring that transferees either have actual knowledge of the agreement or constructive knowledge by virtue of, for example, reference
to the agreement on the company&#8217;s stock certificates. <I>See </I>Ill. Prac., Business Organizations &sect; 10:11 (2d ed.) (cited
Resp. at 3) (&#8220;Since the statute requires unanimity, this provision is probably aimed at the situation where a party to the agreement
transfers his or her shares.&#8221;). That step was not taken here and provides an additional basis on which the Shareholder Agreement
is void.<SUP>3</SUP></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 3pt; text-indent: 0pt"><U>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</U></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><SUP>2</SUP></TD><TD>Subsection (e) provides that Section 7.71 &#8220;is cumulative and does not limit any statute or rule of common law that is otherwise
applicable to any corporation, whenever formed.&#8221;</TD></TR></TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><SUP>3</SUP></TD><TD>Your letter makes reference to the fact that the Shareholder Agreement was publicly filed (Resp. at 5). But that is not
                                                                     sufficient to provide notice under subsection (b), which requires <I>actual</I> knowledge or notation on a certificate (or a
                                                                     notice for uncertified security). This fact further demonstrates that the statute simply was not intended for public
                                                                     corporations.</TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>
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<P STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in"><IMG SRC="ex99-1_001.jpg" ALT="PPT_Sidley Austin LLP.gif" STYLE="height: 32px; width: 122px"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">Page 4</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in">Finally, your reference to the general contracting
power of corporations also misses the fundamental point: permitting a corporation to engage in external contracts does not authorize the
corporation or its shareholders to use contracts to fundamentally alter the internal governance arrangements set by state statute. <I>Cf.
W. Palm Beach Firefighters&#8217; Pension Fund v. Moelis &amp; Co.</I>, 311 A.3d 809, 816&#8211;17, 823 (Del. Ch. 2024) (recognizing that
&#8220;the ability to engage in private ordering remains subject to the limitations imposed by the DGCL,&#8221; including &#8220;[t]he
immovable statutory object&#8221; of Section 141(a) which is contravened when &#8220;internal corporate governance arrangements [] do
not appear in the charter and deprive boards of a significant portion of their authority.&#8221;). That is why states impose guardrails
on such agreements like, in Illinois (and in states following the Model Business Corporation Act), unanimity. <I>See </I>Model Bus. Corp.
Act &sect; 7.32(b) (Am. Bar Ass&#8217;n 2024) (permitting shareholder agreements that are, among other things, approved by all shareholders
at the time of the agreement and subject to amendment only by all persons who are shareholders at the time of the amendment); <I>see also</I>
Model Bus. Corp. Act &sect; 7.32(b) cmt. (Am. Bar Ass&#8217;n 2024) (&#8220;Unanimity is required because an agreement authorized by section
7.32 can effect material organic changes in the corporation&#8217;s operation and structure, and in the rights and obligations of shareholders.&#8221;).</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 12pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 10pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 0.25in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>3.</B></FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><B>The Shareholder Agreement is Anticompetitive and Works Public Harm</B></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in">Your letter also briefly disputes that the Shareholder
Agreement is anticompetitive. These arguments similarly fail. For example, you claim that Danone&#8217;s right of first refusal is &#8220;reasonable
on [its] face&#8221; because it &#8220;help[s] protect against legitimate concerns regarding dilution of Danone&#8217;s equity stake.&#8221;
Resp. at 4. But the right of first refusal persists even if Danone has no equity stake to dilute&#8212;demonstrating that the provision
is a nakedly anticompetitive tool enabling Danone to thwart transactions with competitors, not a narrowly tailored protection for a minority
shareholder. You also claim that the right of first refusal &#8220;add[s] additional safeguards preventing Lifeway from freely passing
along Danone&#8217;s sensitive business information to a competitor[.]&#8221; <I>Id.</I> Lifeway has no right of access to such information.
Danone has an ownership stake in Lifeway, not vice versa, and it is Danone that has asserted a right to have a representative on Lifeway&#8217;s
Board, not the other way around.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0 0 10pt; text-indent: 0.5in">Finally, severability is not relevant here because
the fact that the Shareholder Agreement was not entered into by all of Lifeway&#8217;s shareholders at the time and the anticompetitive
nature of the Shareholder Agreement undermine the statutory authority permitting shareholders to enter into such a contract in the first
place. There is nothing to sever because the contract is void <I>ab initio</I>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Lifeway continues to reserve all rights, and waives
none. If you would like to discuss this matter further, you can reach me at jducayet@sidley.com or (312)-853-7621.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

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    <TD STYLE="width: 53%; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 17%; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Very truly yours,</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 30%; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
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    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">/s/ James W. Ducayet</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">James W. Ducayet</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">cc: Beth Berg</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>lway-20250106_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL LABEL FILE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="dei_Extension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:to="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Voluntary Filers</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:to="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Current Reporting Status</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Interactive Data Current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:to="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Filer Category</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntitySmallBusiness" xlink:to="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntitySmallBusiness_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Small Business</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" xlink:to="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Emerging Growth Company</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityExTransitionPeriod_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Elected Not To Use the Extended Transition Period</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAccountingStandard_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Accounting Standard</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" xlink:label="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber" xlink:to="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_OtherReportingStandardItemNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Other Reporting Standard Item Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityShellCompany" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany" />
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityShellCompany_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Shell Company</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2024/dei-2024.xsd#dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:label="dei_EntityPublicFloat" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPublicFloat" xlink:to="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPublicFloat_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Public Float</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityBankruptcyProceedingsReportingCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Bankruptcy Proceedings, Reporting Current</link:label>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock" xlink:to="dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentsIncorporatedByReferenceTextBlock_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Documents Incorporated by Reference [Text Block]</link:label>
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</link:linkbase>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>lway-20250106_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL PRESENTATION FILE
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    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: https://www.novaworks.com -->
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<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
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<span style="display: none;">v3.24.4</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm46305073475568">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 06, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jan.  06,  2025<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">000-17363<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">LIFEWAY FOODS, INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0000814586<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">36-3442829<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">IL<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">6431 Oakton Street<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Morton Grove<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">IL<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">60053<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(847)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">967-1010<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
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</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=LWAY_CommonStockNoParValueMember', window );">Common Stock, no par value</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Stock, no par value<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">LWAY<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=LWAY_PreferredStockPurchaseRightsMember', window );">Preferred Stock Purchase Rights</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Preferred Stock Purchase Rights<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">n/a<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14a<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
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