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Stock-based compensation (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Schedule of stock-based compensation expenses included in general and administrative expenses
Stock-based compensation expenses included in general and administrative expenses are as follows:
Year ended December 31,
 
2016

 
2015

Share option plan (note 21(b))
 
$
587

 
$
716

Liability classified restricted share unit plan (note 21(d(i)))
 
52

 
(80
)
Equity classified restricted share unit plan (note 21(d(ii)))
 
1,384

 
713

Equity performance restricted share unit plan (note 21(e))
 
820

 
431

Liability classified deferred stock unit plan (note 21(f(i)))
 
3,187

 
(735
)
Equity classified deferred stock unit plan (note 21(f(ii)))
 

 
651

 
 
$
6,030

 
$
1,696

Schedule of stock options activity
 
 
Number of options

 
Weighted average
exercise price
$ per share

Outstanding at December 31, 2014
 
1,765,920

 
5.87

Exercised(i)
 
(30,080
)
 
2.75

Forfeited
 
(287,840
)
 
8.91

Outstanding at December 31, 2015
 
1,448,000

 
5.33

Exercised(i)
 
(102,040
)
 
2.77

Forfeited
 
(169,880
)
 
5.31

Outstanding at December 31, 2016
 
1,176,080

 
5.56

(i)
All stock options exercised resulted in new common shares being issued (note 17(a)).
Summary of information about stock options outstanding
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at December 31, 2016:
  
 
Options outstanding
 
 
Options exercisable
 
Exercise price
 
Number

 
Weighted
average
remaining life
 
Weighted
average exercise
price

 
Number

 
Weighted
average
remaining life
 
Weighted
average exercise
price

$2.75
 
226,540

 
5.4 years
 
$
2.75

 
161,960

 
5.3 years
 
$
2.75

$2.79
 
400,000

 
5.5 years
 
$
2.79

 
250,000

 
5.5 years
 
$
2.79

$3.69
 
25,800

 
1.9 years
 
$
3.69

 
25,800

 
1.9 years
 
$
3.69

$4.90
 
40,000

 
5.3 years
 
$
4.90

 
32,000

 
5.3 years
 
$
4.90

$5.91
 
137,500

 
7.0 years
 
$
5.91

 
82,500

 
7.0 years
 
$
5.91

$6.56
 
73,660

 
4.9 years
 
$
6.56

 
73,660

 
4.9 years
 
$
6.56

$8.28
 
10,000

 
2.5 years
 
$
8.28

 
10,000

 
2.5 years
 
$
8.28

$8.58
 
30,000

 
3.7 years
 
$
8.58

 
30,000

 
3.7 years
 
$
8.58

$9.33
 
55,780

 
3.1 years
 
$
9.33

 
55,780

 
3.1 years
 
$
9.33

$10.13
 
54,960

 
4.0 years
 
$
10.13

 
54,960

 
4.0 years
 
$
10.13

$13.50
 
71,840

 
0.9 years
 
$
13.50

 
71,840

 
0.9 years
 
$
13.50

$16.46
 
50,000

 
1.3 years
 
$
16.46

 
50,000

 
1.3 years
 
$
16.46

 
 
1,176,080

 
4.8 years
 
$
5.56

 
898,500

 
4.5 years
 
$
6.21

Schedule of performance restricted share units
  
 
Number of units
 
Weighted average exercise price
$ per share
Outstanding at December 31, 2014
 
66,172

 
8.50

Granted
 
357,420

 
4.19

Outstanding at December 31, 2015
 
423,592

 
4.86

Granted
 
343,706

 
4.97

Forfeited
 
(27,998
)
 
4.52

Outstanding at December 31, 2016
 
739,300

 
4.84

Schedule of stock plan activity
Liability classified deferred stock unit plan
  

Number of units

Outstanding at December 31, 2014

530,622

Modified
 
571,569

Redeemed

(173,317
)
Outstanding at December 31, 2015

928,874

Granted

171,980

Redeemed

(158,917
)
Outstanding at December 31, 2016

941,937

Liability classified restricted share unit plan  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Schedule of restricted share unit plan activity
Liability classified restricted share unit plan
  

Number of units

Outstanding at December 31, 2014

615,503

Vested

(277,707
)
Forfeited

(47,006
)
Outstanding at December 31, 2015

290,790

Vested

(290,790
)
Forfeited


Outstanding at December 31, 2016


Equity classified restricted share unit plan  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Schedule of restricted share unit plan activity
Equity classified restricted share unit plan


Number of units


Weighted average exercise price
$ per share

Outstanding at December 31, 2014

262,908


7.91

Granted

580,532


2.89

Modified
 
(156
)
 
3.62

Vested

(19,798
)

3.63

Forfeited

(49,330
)

6.37

Outstanding at December 31, 2015

774,156


4.45

Granted
 
501,523

 
3.78

Vested
 
(87,580
)
 
3.51

Forfeited
 
(64,124
)
 
3.50

Outstanding at December 31, 2016
 
1,123,975

 
4.20