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Stock-based compensation (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Schedule of stock-based compensation expenses included in general and administrative expenses
Stock-based compensation expenses included in general and administrative expenses are as follows:
Year ended December 31,
 
2018

 
2017

Share option plan (note 22(b))
 
$
97

 
$
326

Equity classified restricted share unit plan (note 22(c))
 
2,110

 
1,293

Equity performance restricted share unit plan (note 22(d))
 
1,910

 
1,306

Liability classified deferred stock unit plan (note 22(e))
 
7,415

 
1,070

 
 
$
11,532

 
$
3,995

Schedule of stock options activity
 
 
Number of options

 
Weighted average
exercise price
$ per share

Outstanding at December 31, 2016
 
1,176,080

 
5.56

Exercised(i)
 
(176,800
)
 
3.26

Forfeited or expired
 
(85,740
)
 
12.36

Outstanding at December 31, 2017
 
913,540

 
5.36

Exercised(i)
 
(297,940
)
 
3.43

Forfeited or expired
 
(50,000
)
 
16.46

Outstanding at December 31, 2018
 
565,600

 
5.40

(i) All stock options exercised resulted in new common shares being issued (note 18(a)).
Summary of information about stock options outstanding
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding at December 31, 2018:
  
 
Options outstanding
 
 
Options exercisable
 
Exercise price
 
Number

 
Weighted
average
remaining life
 
Weighted
average exercise
price

 
Number

 
Weighted
average
remaining life
 
Weighted
average exercise
price

$2.75
 
90,100

 
3.7 years
 
$
2.75

 
90,100

 
3.7 years
 
$
2.75

$2.79
 
162,000

 
3.5 years
 
$
2.79

 
162,000

 
3.5 years
 
$
2.79

$5.91
 
123,680

 
5.0 years
 
$
5.91

 
123,680

 
5.0 years
 
$
5.91

$6.56
 
54,880

 
2.9 years
 
$
6.56

 
54,880

 
2.9 years
 
$
6.56

$8.28
 
10,000

 
0.5 years
 
$
8.28

 
10,000

 
0.5 years
 
$
8.28

$8.58
 
30,000

 
1.7 years
 
$
8.58

 
30,000

 
1.7 years
 
$
8.58

$9.33
 
48,680

 
1.1 years
 
$
9.33

 
48,680

 
1.1 years
 
$
9.33

$10.13
 
46,260

 
2.0 years
 
$
10.13

 
46,260

 
2.0 years
 
$
10.13

 
 
565,600

 
3.3 years
 
$
5.40

 
565,600

 
3.3 years
 
$
5.40

Schedule of performance restricted share units
  
 
Number of units
 
Weighted average exercise price
$ per share
Outstanding at December 31, 2016
 
739,300

 
4.84

Granted
 
248,824

 
5.98

Vested
 
(69,949
)
 
8.57

Forfeited
 
(21,542
)
 
4.05

Outstanding at December 31, 2017
 
896,633

 
4.81

Granted
 
197,763

 
8.01

Vested
 
(353,279
)
 
4.27

Outstanding at December 31, 2018
 
741,117

 
5.92

Schedule of assumptions used in estimate of fair value
The Company estimated the fair value of the PSUs granted during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 using a Monte Carlo simulation with the following assumptions:
 
 
2018

 
2017

Risk-free interest rate
 
1.98
%
 
1.17
%
Expected volatility
 
45.04
%
 
46.47
%
Schedule of stock plan activity


Number of units

Outstanding at December 31, 2016

941,937

Granted
 
114,895

Redeemed

(65,249
)
Outstanding at December 31, 2017

991,583

Granted

134,656

Outstanding at December 31, 2018

1,126,239

Equity classified restricted share unit plan  
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]  
Schedule of restricted share unit plan activity


Number of units


Weighted average exercise price
$ per share

Outstanding at December 31, 2016
 
1,123,975

 
4.20

Granted
 
355,292

 
6.02

Vested
 
(259,860
)
 
6.24

Forfeited
 
(29,474
)
 
4.00

Outstanding at December 31, 2017
 
1,189,933

 
4.22

Granted
 
266,196

 
8.02

Vested
 
(487,376
)
 
3.01

Forfeited
 
(20,660
)
 
5.45

Outstanding at December 31, 2018
 
948,093

 
8.98