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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 40-F

☐ | REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

☒ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

| For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 |  | Commission File Number 001-33161

NORTH AMERICAN CONSTRUCTION GROUP LTD.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Canada
(Province or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
1629
(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number (if applicable))
N/A
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number (if applicable))
27287 - 100 Avenue
Acheson, Alberta,T7X 6H8
(780) 960-7171
(Address and telephone number of Registrant’s principal executive offices)
CT Corporation System
111 Eighth Avenue, 13 th Floor
New York, New York 10011
(212) 894-8940
(Name, address (including zip code) and telephone number (including area code)
of agent for service in the United States)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares | NOA | Toronto Stock Exchange
Common Shares | NOA | The New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None
For annual reports, indicate by check mark the information filed with this Form:

| ☒ | Annual information form | ☒ | Audited annual financial statements

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.
27,827,282 Common Shares
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes ☒ No £
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes ☒ No £
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. £
† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. £
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). £
Auditor Name: KPMG LLP Auditor Location: Edmonton, AB, Canada Auditor Firm ID: 85

ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM, AUDITED ANNUAL CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Annual Information Form
The Registrant’s Annual Information Form for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 is attached as Exhibit 99.2 to this Annual Report on Form 40-F and is incorporated herein by reference.
Audited Annual Consolidated Financial Statements
The Registrant’s audited annual consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, including the report of the independent registered public accounting firm with respect thereto, are attached as Exhibit 99.3 to this Annual Report on Form 40-F and are incorporated herein by reference.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
The Registrant’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 is attached as Exhibit 99.4 to this Annual Report on Form 40-F and is incorporated herein by reference.
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DISCLOSURES REGARDING CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Please see “Internal Systems and Processes—Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures” included in the Registrant’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, which is attached as Exhibit 99.4 to this Annual Report on Form 40-F and is incorporated herein by reference.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Please see “Internal Systems and Processes—Management’s Report on Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting (ICFR)” included in the Registrant’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, which is attached as Exhibit 99.4 to this Annual Report on Form 40-F and is incorporated herein by reference.
Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm
The attestation report of the independent registered public accounting firm on the effectiveness of the Registrant's internal control over financial reporting is included under the heading “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” on pages 1 and 2 of Exhibit 99.3 to this Annual Report on Form 40-F, which attestation report is incorporated herein by reference.
Changes in Internal Control over Financing Reporting
Please see “Internal Systems and Processes—Material Changes to the Internal Controls over Financial Reporting” included in the Registrant’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, which is attached as Exhibit 99.4 to this Annual Report on Form 40-F and is incorporated herein by reference.
NOTICES PURSUANT TO REGULATION BTR
None.
AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
The Registrant’s board of directors has determined that Mr. Bryan Pinney, a member and the chairman of the Registrant’s audit committee, and Mr. John Pollesel, a member of the Registrant’s audit committee, are each an “audit committee financial expert” (as such term is defined by the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission) and are each “independent” (as such term is defined by the New York Stock Exchange’s listing standards applicable to the Registrant).
CODE OF ETHICS
The Registrant has adopted a “code of ethics” (as such term is defined by the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission), entitled the “Code of Conduct and Ethics Policy”, that applies to all employees of the Registrant, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. The Code of Conduct and Ethics Policy is available for viewing on the Registrant’s website at www.nacg.ca under "Social Responsibility-Code of Conduct & Ethics”. There were no amendments to any provision of the Code of Conduct and Ethics Policy during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 that applied to the Registrant’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. Further, there were no waivers, including implicit waivers, granted from any provision of the Code of Conduct and Ethics Policy during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 that applied to the Registrant’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions.
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
AND PRE-APPROVAL POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
Please see “The Board and Board Committees” included in the Registrant’s Annual Information Form for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, which is attached as Exhibit 99.2 to this Annual Report on Form 40-F and is incorporated herein by reference.
2

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
We currently do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
Please see “Contractual Obligations and Other Commitments” included in the Registrant’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, which is attached as Exhibit 99.4 to this Annual Report on Form 40-F and is incorporated herein by reference.
IDENTIFICATION OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE
Please see “The Board and Board Committees—Audit Committee” included in the Registrant’s Annual Information Form for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, which is attached as Exhibit 99.2 to this Annual Report on Form 40-F and is incorporated herein by reference.
NYSE CORPORATE GOVERNANCE RULES
The Registrant has reviewed the New York Stock Exchange’s corporate governance rules and confirms that the Registrant’s corporate governance practices are not significantly different from those required of domestic companies under the New York Stock Exchange’s listing standards.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Information concerning mine safety violations or other regulatory matters required by Section 1503(a) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act is set out under the heading “U.S. Mine Safety Disclosure” in the Registrant’s Annual Information Form for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, which is attached as Exhibit 99.2 to this Annual Report on Form 40-F and is incorporated herein by reference.
RECOVERY OF ERRONEOUSLY AWARDED COMPENSATION
Please see the "Executive Compensation Claw Back Policy", which is attached as Exhibit 97 to this Annual Report on Form 40-F and is incorporated herein by reference.
UNDERTAKING
The Registrant undertakes to make available, in person or by telephone, representatives to respond to inquiries made by the Commission staff, and to furnish promptly, when requested to do so by the Commission staff, information relating to: the securities registered pursuant to Form 40-F; the securities in relation to which the obligation to file an annual report on Form 40-F arises; or transactions in said securities.
3

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 40-F and has duly caused this annual report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized.

NORTH AMERICAN CONSTRUCTION GROUP LTD.
By: |  | /S/ Joseph Lambert
|  | Joseph Lambert
|  | Chief Executive Officer

Date: March 13, 2024
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DOCUMENTS AND EXHIBIT INDEX

97 |  | Compensation Recovery Policy
99.1 |  | North American Construction Group Ltd. Announces Results for the Year Ended December 31, 2023.
99.2 |  | Annual Information Form for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
99.3 |  | Audited Annual Consolidated Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
99.4 |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
99.5 |  | Consent of KPMG LLP.
99.6 |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
99.7 |  | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
99.8 |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
99.9 |  | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101 |  | The following financial information from North American Construction Group Ltd.’s audited Consolidated Financial Statements, formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language) and furnished electronically herewith: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income; (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (v) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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