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Income taxes
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income taxes Income taxes
Income tax expense differs from the amount that would be computed by applying the federal and provincial statutory income tax rates to income before income taxes. The reasons for the differences are as follows:
Year ended December 31,20232022
Income before income taxes$85,963 $84,445 
Equity earnings in affiliates and joint ventures(25,815)(37,053)
$60,148 $47,392 
Tax rate23.00 %23.00 %
Expected expense$13,834 $10,900 
Adjustments related to:
Stock-based compensation1,092 1,090 
Foreign tax rate differential2,164 183 
Tax on equity earnings in affiliates and joint ventures5,936 5,162 
Other(204)(262)
Total income tax expense$22,822 $17,073 
Current income tax expense$6,841 $1,627 
Deferred income tax expense15,981 15,446 
Total income tax expense$22,822 $17,073 
The deferred tax assets and liabilities are summarized below:
December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Deferred tax assets:
Non-capital and net capital loss carryforwards$26,713 $33,630 
Finance lease obligations23,116 17,981 
Operating lease obligations6,161 3,415 
Stock-based compensation4,913 4,200 
Transaction costs1,858 — 
Other10,051 2,241 
$72,812 $61,467 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Contract assets$5,693 $3,199 
Property, plant and equipment168,813 123,274 
Other7,130 6,494 
$181,636 $132,967 
Net deferred income tax liability$108,824 $71,500 
Classified as:
December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Deferred tax asset$— $387 
Deferred tax liability(108,824)(71,887)
 $(108,824)$(71,500)
The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the Canadian federal jurisdiction, multiple Canadian provincial jurisdictions, the U.S. federal jurisdiction, three U.S state jurisdictions and the Australia federal jurisdiction.
At December 31, 2023, the Company has non-capital loss carryforwards of $116,143, which expire as follows:
December 31, 2023
2026$3 
2027278 
2032175 
20339,095 
20375 
2039118 
204082,668 
204116,816 
20423,677 
20433,308 
 $116,143