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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Consolidation Policy

 

The financial statements of Boston Omaha Corporation include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries, as follows:

 

Link Media Holdings, LLC which we refer to as “LMH”

Link Media Alabama, LLC which we refer to as “LMA”

Link Media Florida, LLC which we refer to as “LMF”

Link Media Wisconsin, LLC which we refer to as “LMW”

Link Media Georgia, LLC which we refer to as “LMG”

Link Media Midwest, LLC which we refer to as “LMM”

Link Media Omaha, LLC which we refer to as “LMO”

Link Media Properties, LLC which we refer to as “LMP”

Link Media Southeast, LLC which we refer to as “LMSE”

Link Media Services, LLC which we refer to as “LMS”

General Indemnity Group, LLC which we refer to as “GIG”

The Warnock Agency, Inc. which we refer to as “Warnock”

United Casualty and Surety Insurance Company which we refer to as “UCS”

Surety Support Services, Inc. which we refer to as “SSS”

South Coast Surety Insurance Services, LLC which we refer to as “SCS”

Boston Omaha Investments, LLC which we refer to as “BOIC”

Boston Omaha Asset Management, LLC which we refer to as “BOAM”

BOAM BFR LLC which we refer to as "BOAM BFR"

BOC DFH, LLC which we refer to as “BOC DFH”

BOC OPS LLC which we refer to as "BOC OPS"

BOC Yellowstone LLC which we refer to as "BOC Yellowstone"

BOC Yellowstone II LLC which we refer to as “BOC Yellowstone II”

Fiber is Fast, LLC which we refer to as "FIF"

FIF AireBeam LLC, which we refer to as “AireBeam”

FIF Utah LLC, which we refer to as “FIF Utah”

 

All significant intercompany profits, losses, transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

For purposes of the statement of cash flows, we consider all highly liquid investments, with the exception of U.S. Treasury securities, purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Restricted Cash

 

We have cash that is restricted for the payment of insurance premiums.
Receivable [Policy Text Block]

Accounts Receivable

 

Billboard Rentals

 

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of advertising agency commissions, sales discounts, and allowances for doubtful accounts. We evaluate the collectability of accounts receivable based on our knowledge of our customers and historical experience of bad debts. In circumstances where we are aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations, we record a specific allowance to reduce the amounts recorded to what we believe will be collected. For all other customers, we recognize reserves for bad debt based upon historical experience of bad debts as a percentage of revenue, adjusted for relative improvement or deterioration in its agings and changes in current economic conditions. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the allowance for doubtful accounts was $217,871 and $127,635, respectively.

 

Insurance

 

Accounts receivable consists of premiums and anticipated salvage. All of the receivables have payment terms of less than twelve months. 

 

Anticipated salvage is the amount we expect to receive from principals pursuant to indemnification agreements.

 

Broadband

 

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount, net of allowances for doubtful accounts. We evaluate the collectability of accounts receivable based on our knowledge of our customers and historical experience of bad debts. In circumstances where we are aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations, we record a specific allowance to reduce the amounts recorded to what we believe will be collected.  As of December 31, 2020, the allowance for doubtful accounts was $110,651.

 

Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs

 

Policy acquisition costs consist primarily of commissions to agents and brokers and premium taxes, fees, and assessments. Such costs that are directly related to the successful acquisition of new or renewal insurance contracts are deferred and amortized over the related policy period, generally one to three years. The recoverability of these costs is analyzed by management quarterly, and if determined to be impaired, is charged to expense. We do not consider anticipated investment income in determining whether a premium deficiency exists. All other acquisition expenses are charged to operations as incurred.

 
Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Property and Equipment

 

Property and equipment are carried at cost less depreciation. Depreciation is provided principally on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from four years to twenty years as follows:

 

  

Years

 
     

Structures

  15 
Digital displays and electrical  10 

Static and tri-vision displays

  10 to 15 
Fiber, towers, and broadband equipment  5 to 20 

Vehicles, equipment, and furniture

  4 to 7 

 

Maintenance and repair costs are charged against income as incurred. Significant improvements or betterments are capitalized and depreciated over the estimated life of the asset.

 

Periodic internal reviews are performed to evaluate the reasonableness of the depreciable lives for property and equipment. Actual usage, physical wear and tear, replacement history, and assumptions about technology evolution are reviewed and evaluated to determine the remaining useful lives of the assets. Remaining useful life assessments are made to anticipate the loss in service value that may precede physical retirement, as well as the level of maintenance required for the remaining useful life of the asset.

 

Property and equipment is reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group before interest expense. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset or asset group. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented in the balance sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and would no longer be depreciated. The assets and liabilities of a disposed group classified as held for sale would be presented separately in the appropriate asset and liability sections of the balance sheet.
Business Combinations Policy [Policy Text Block]

Acquisitions

 

For transactions that meet the definition of a business combination, we allocate the purchase price, including any contingent consideration, to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition with any excess of the purchase price paid over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired recorded as goodwill. The determination of the final purchase price and the acquisition-date fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed may extend over more than one period and result in adjustments to the preliminary estimate recognized in the prior period financial statements.  For transactions which meet the definition of asset purchases, we proportionally allocate the purchase price to the assets based on their relative fair value acquired and the liabilities assumed at their estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition. 

 

The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is typically determined by using either estimates of replacement costs or discounted cash flow valuation methods. When determining the fair value of tangible assets acquired, we must estimate the cost to replace the asset with a new asset, adjusted for an estimated reduction in fair value due to age of the asset, and the economic useful life. When determining the fair value of intangible assets acquired, we must estimate the applicable discount rate and the timing and amount of future cash flows. Key assumptions utilized in estimating the future cash flows expected to be generated by each reporting unit primarily relate to forecasted revenues and premiums earned.  
Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Goodwill, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Goodwill

 

Goodwill represents future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized. Goodwill is subject to an annual impairment test. We designated October 1 as the date of our annual goodwill impairment test. We are required to identify our reporting units and determine the carrying value of each reporting unit. We analyze financial information of our operations to identify discrete segments that constitute a reporting unit. We assign assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations to those reporting units. We have identified four reporting units: billboard operations, broadband operations, insurance brokerage operations, and insurance carrier operations. We are required to determine the fair value of each reporting unit and compare it to the carrying amount of the reporting unit. To the extent the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, we would be required to book an impairment loss. For our annual review of reporting units, we employ a third party valuation expert. 

 

We conduct a qualitative assessment by examining relevant events and circumstances which could have a negative impact on our goodwill, including macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions, cost factors, overall financial performance, reporting unit dispositions and acquisitions, our market capitalization and other relevant events specific to us. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances described above, we determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, we will perform a quantitative impairment test.  If industry and economic conditions deteriorate, we may be required to assess goodwill impairment before the next annual test, which could result in impairment charges. The discounted cash flow approach that we use for valuing goodwill as part of the impairment testing approach involves estimating future cash flows expected to be generated from the related assets, discounted to their present value using a risk-adjusted discount rate.

 

We performed our annual measurement for impairment of the goodwill of our reporting units and concluded the fair value of each reporting unit exceeded its carrying amount at its annual impairment test date on October 1, 2020 and 2019; therefore, we were not required to recognize an impairment loss. 

 

During 2020 and 2019, goodwill of more than $18,150,000 and $3,500,000, respectively, was recorded in connection with acquisitions in our billboard and broadband segments.

 
Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, Including Intangible Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Purchased Intangibles and Other Long-Lived Assets

 

We amortize intangible assets with finite lives over their estimated useful lives, which range between two and fifty years as follows:

 

  

Years

 
     

Customer relationships

  3 to 10 

Permits, licenses, and lease acquisition costs

  10 to 50 

Noncompetition and nonsolicitation agreements

  2 to 5 

Technology, trade names, and trademarks

  2 to 20 

Site location

  15 

 

Purchased intangible assets, including long-lived assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. Factors considered in reviewing the asset values include consideration of the use of the asset, the expected life of the asset, and regulatory or contractual provisions related to such assets. Market participation assumptions are compared to our experience and the results of the comparison are evaluated. For finite-lived intangible assets, the period over which the assets are expected to contribute directly to future cash flows is evaluated against our historical experience. Impairment losses are recognized only if the carrying amount exceeds its fair value.
Asset Retirement Obligation [Policy Text Block]

Asset Retirement Obligations

 

We are required to record the present value of obligations associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets in the period in which the obligation is incurred. The liability is capitalized as part of the long-lived asset’s carrying amount. With the passage of time, accretion of the liability is recognized as an operating expense and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the expected useful life of the related asset. Our asset retirement obligations relate to the dismantlement, removal, site reclamation, and similar activities related to the decommissioning of our billboard structures and broadband towers.
Marketable Securities, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Investments, Short-term and Long-term

 

Investments include certificates of deposits, U.S Treasury securities, marketable equity securities, investments in corporate bonds, and equity investments as discussed below. U.S. Treasury securities held by our insurance entities are classified as held-to-maturity and are accounted for at amortized cost. We have both the intent and ability to hold the bonds to maturity. U.S. Treasury securities held by non-insurance entities are classified as trading securities and are accounted for at fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses during the period are included in earnings. Marketable equity securities are stated at fair value. Certificates of deposit are accounted for at carrying value with no adjustments for changes in fair value. Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted over the lives of the related fixed maturities as an adjustment to the yield using the effective interest method. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned. Realized investment gains and losses are included in earnings.
Equity Method Investments [Policy Text Block]

Equity Investments

 

Our equity investments consist of investment in two private companies in which we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence over their operating and financial activities. These investments are carried at cost as there is no market for the common stock and LLC units, accordingly, no quoted market price is available. The investments are tested for impairment, at least annually, and more frequently upon the occurrences of certain events. We have adopted the provisions of ASU 2016-01 and use the measurement alternative, defined as cost, less any impairment, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer.

 

Investments in Unconsolidated Entities

 

We account for investments in less than 50% owned and more than 20% owned entities using the equity method of accounting. In accordance with ASC 323-30, we account for investments in limited partnerships and limited liability companies using the equity method of accounting when its investment is more than minimal. Our share of income (loss) of such entities is recorded as a single amount as equity in income (loss) of unconsolidated affiliates. Dividends, if any, are recorded as a reduction of the investment.
Funds Held as Collateral Assets [Policy Text Block]

Funds Held as Collateral Assets

 

Funds held as collateral assets consist principally of cash collateral received from principals to guarantee performance on surety bonds issued by us, as well as all other contractual obligations of the principals to the surety. 
Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.

 

The more significant areas requiring the use of management estimates relate to allocation of asset acquisition price between tangible and intangible assets, useful lives for depreciation, amortization and accretion, impairment of goodwill, valuation of insurance loss reserves, and the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. During the fourth quarter of 2019, management extended the useful lives of certain intangible assets (see further discussion within Note 7). 
Fair Value Measurement, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Fair Value Measurements

 

We determine the fair value of our financial instruments using the fair value hierarchy, which requires us to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.
Subsequent Events, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Subsequent Events

 

We have performed an evaluation of subsequent events through the date on which the financial statements are issued.
Revenue [Policy Text Block]

Revenues

 

The majority of our advertising revenues are derived from contracts for advertising space on billboard structures and are accounted for under Financial Accounting Standards Board, which we refer to as the “FASB,” Accounting Standards Codification, which we refer to as “ASC,” 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Contracts which began prior to  January 1, 2019 are accounted for under ASC 840, Leases and will continue to be accounted for as a lease until the contract ends or is modified. Contract revenues, under ASC 840, Leases and ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, are recognized ratably over their contract life. The majority of our advertising space contracts do not meet the definition of a lease under ASC 842, Leases.  

 

Premium revenues derived from our insurance operations are subject to ASC 944, Financial Services – Insurance.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

Billboard Rentals

 

We generate revenue from outdoor advertising through the leasing of advertising space on billboards. The terms of the contracts range from less than one month to three years and are generally billed monthly. Revenue for advertising space rental is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract. Advertising revenue is reported net of agency commissions. Agency commissions are calculated based on a stated percentage applied to gross billing revenue for operations. Payments received in advance of being earned are recorded as deferred revenue.    

 

Another component of billboard rentals consists of production services which include creating and printing advertising copy. Contract revenues for production services are accounted for under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Revenues are recognized at a point in time upon satisfaction of the contract, which is typically less than one week. Production services revenue recognized in 2020 and in 2019 was $1,373,339 and $1,341,995, respectively.

 

Deferred Revenues

 

We record deferred revenues when cash payments are received in advance of being earned or when we have an unconditional right to consideration before satisfying our performance obligation. The term between invoicing and when a payment is due is not significant. For certain services we require payment before the product or services are delivered to the customer. The balance of deferred revenue is considered short-term and will be recognized in revenue within twelve months.

 

Premiums and Unearned Premium Reserves

 

Premiums written are recognized as revenues based on a pro-rata daily calculation over the respective terms of the policies in-force. The cost of reinsurance ceded is initially written as prepaid reinsurance premiums and is amortized over the reinsurance contract period in proportion to the amount of insurance protection provided. Premiums ceded of $595,750 and $726,764 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, are included within “Premiums earned” in our consolidated statements of operations.

 

Commissions

 

We generate revenue from commissions on surety bond sales and account for commissions under ASC 606. Insurance commissions are earned from various insurance companies based upon our agency agreements with them. We arrange with various insurance companies for the provision of a surety bond for entities that require a surety bond. The insurance company sets the price of the bond. The contract with the insurance company is fulfilled when the bond is issued by the insurance agency on behalf of the insurance company. The insurance commissions are calculated based upon a stated percentage applied to the gross premiums on bonds. Commissions are recognized at a point in time, on a bond-by-bond basis as of the policy effective date and are generally nonrefundable.

 

Broadband Revenues

 

Broadband revenue is derived principally from internet services and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract in the period the services are rendered.  Revenue received or receivable in advance of the delivery of services is included in deferred revenue.
Right of Use Assets and Lease Liabilities [Policy Text Block]

Right of Use Assets and Lease Liabilities

 

Right of use, which we refer to as “ROU", assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The present value of lease payments is determined primarily using the incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date. We have elected not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases for all classes of underlying assets. Short-term leases are leases with terms greater than 1 month, but less than 12 months.
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest [Policy Text Block]

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest

 

Redeemable noncontrolling interests are interests in subsidiaries that are redeemable outside of our control either for cash or other assets. These interests are classified as mezzanine equity and measured at the estimated redemption value at the end of each reporting period. The resulting increases or decreases in the estimated redemption amount are affected by corresponding charges against retained earnings, or in the absence of retained earnings, additional paid-in capital.
Liability Reserve Estimate, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses

 

Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses represent estimates for the ultimate cost of unpaid reported and unreported claims incurred and related expenses. Estimates for losses and loss adjustment expenses are based on past experience of investigating and adjusting claims and consideration of the level of premiums written during the current and prior year. Since the reserves are based on estimates, the ultimate liability may differ from the estimated reserve. The effects of changes in estimated reserves are included within cost of insurance revenues in our results of operations in the period in which the estimates are updated. The reserves are included within accounts payable and accrued expenses in our consolidated balance sheets.
Segment Reporting, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Segment Information

 

Operating segments are defined as the components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. Our chief operating decision makers direct the allocation of resources to operating segments based on the profitability, cash flows, and growth opportunities of each respective segment.

 

Our current operations for the years ended  December 31, 2020 and 2019 include the outdoor advertising industry, the broadband services industry, and the insurance industry.
Earnings Per Share, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Earnings Per Share

 

Basic income (loss) per common share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) available to Class A common stockholders and Class B common stockholders by the weighted average number of Class A common and Class B common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution of securities that could share in earnings of an entity. In a loss year, dilutive common equivalent shares are excluded from the loss per share calculation as the effect would be anti-dilutive. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had potentially dilutive securities in the form of stock warrants. 
Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Income Taxes

 

We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740 which requires us to provide a net deferred tax asset or liability equal to the expected future tax benefit or expense of temporary reporting differences between book and tax accounting, any available operating loss or tax credit carry forwards. Income taxes are provided for the tax effects of transactions reported in the financial statements and consist of taxes currently due plus deferred taxes related primarily to differences between the bases of certain assets and liabilities for financial and income tax reporting. Deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the future tax return consequences of those differences, which will either be taxable or deductible when the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. Deferred taxes also are recognized for operating losses that are available to offset future federal income taxes. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to amounts expected to be realized.

 

We recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in operating expenses. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we recognized no interest and penalties. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, we had no accruals for interest and penalties.

 
COVID-19 Impact [Policy Text Block]

COVID-19 Impact

 

A new strain of novel coronavirus which causes a severe respiratory disease (“COVID-19”) was identified in 2019, and subsequently declared a pandemic in 2020 by the World Health Organization, affecting the populations of the United States as well as many foreign countries. The recent COVID-19 outbreak has created significant volatility and economic disruption and the impact on our future operations and financial position is uncertain. The outbreak of COVID-19 may have materially negatively impacted, and may continue to materially negatively impact our business, financial performance and condition, operating results and cash flows and the value of our investments in other businesses. However, the significance, extent and duration of such impact remain largely uncertain and dependent on future developments that cannot be accurately predicted at this time, such as the continued severity, duration, transmission rate and geographic spread of COVID-19 in the United States and other regions in which we operate, the extent and effectiveness of the containment measures taken, and the response of the overall economy, the financial markets and the population, particularly in areas in which we operate, once the current containment measures are lifted.  The rapid development and fluidity of this situation precludes any prediction as to the ultimate adverse impact of COVID-19. As a result, we cannot provide an estimate of the overall impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business. Nevertheless, COVID-19 presents material uncertainty and risk with respect to our business, financial performance and condition, operating results and cash flows.
New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

In February 2016, the FASB established Topic 842, Leases, by issuing ASU No. 2016-02, which requires lessees to recognize leases on-balance sheet and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. Topic 842 was subsequently amended by ASU No. 2018-01, Land Easement Practical Expedient for Transition to Topic 842; ASU No. 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases; and ASU No. 2018-11, Targeted Improvements. The new standard establishes a right-of-use model that requires a lessee to recognize a ROU asset and lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with a term longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern and classification of expense recognition in the income statement.

 

We adopted Topic 842 effective January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective transition approach. Additionally, we adopted the package of practical expedients, which permitted us not to reassess under the new standard our prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification, and initial direct costs. We also adopted the use of hindsight and the practical expedient pertaining to land easements. The most significant effects of Topic 842 were the recognition of $49,066,289 of operating lease assets and liabilities and the de-recognition of $811,709 of favorable lease assets, $1,945,820 of prepaid land lease assets and $1,316,000 of accrued rent liabilities. We applied Topic 842 to all leases as of January 1, 2019 with comparative periods continuing to be reported under Topic 840. In the adoption of Topic 842, we carried forward the assessment from Topic 840 of whether our contracts contain or are leases, the classification of our leases, and remaining lease terms. We do not have any finance leases. The adoption of the standard did not have a significant effect on our consolidated results of operations or cash flows. Note 14 contains further details.

 

On May 20, 2020, the SEC issued a final rule that amends the financial statement requirements for acquisitions and dispositions of businesses, including real estate operations, and related pro forma financial information. As noted in the final rule, the amendments “are intended to improve for investors the financial information about acquired or disposed businesses, facilitate more timely access to capital, and reduce the complexity and costs to prepare the disclosure.” Among other changes, the final rule modifies the significance tests and improves the disclosure requirements for (i) acquired or to be acquired businesses, (ii) real estate operations, and (iii) pro forma financial information.  The final rule is applicable for a registrant’s fiscal year beginning after December 31, 2020. We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2020. 

 

In December 2019, the FASB issued guidance which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles and improves consistent application of GAAP for other areas by clarifying and amending existing guidance. This guidance is effective January 1, 2021. We do not expect adoption will have a material impact on our disclosures.

 

In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-01, Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Investments—Equity Securities, Topic 323, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures, and Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging. This ASU clarifies that when accounting for certain equity securities, a company should consider observable transactions before applying or upon discontinuing the equity method of accounting for the purposes of applying the measurement alternative. This guidance is effective January 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted. We do not expect adoption will have a material impact on our financial statements.