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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates | Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), which require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates relate to estimated useful lives of depreciable assets, asset retirement obligations, valuation allowance on the Company’s deferred tax assets and recoverability of intangible assets. The Company is also required to make certain estimates with regard to the valuation of awards and forfeiture rates for its share-based award programs. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically, and the effects of revisions are reflected in the financial statements in the applicable period. Accordingly, actual results could materially differ from those estimates. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, including PDV Spectrum Holding Company, LLC formed in April 2014. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents All highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase are considered cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates the quoted market value and includes amounts held in money market funds.
Concentrations of Credit Risk | Concentrations of Credit Risk Financial instruments which potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The cash balance at times may exceed federally insured limits, however, the Company places its cash and temporary cash investments with financial institutions for which credit loss is not anticipated. As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, substantially all of the Company’s cash balance exceeded the federally insured limits.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts | Allowance for Doubtful Accounts An allowance for uncollectible receivables is estimated, as required, based on a combination of write-off history, aging analysis and any specific known troubled accounts. The Company reviews its allowance for uncollectible receivables on a quarterly basis. Past due balances meeting specific criteria are reviewed individually for collectability.
Property and Equipment | Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the applicable lease term. The carrying amount at the balance sheet date of long-lived assets under construction in process includes assets purchased, constructed, or being developed internally that are not yet in service. Depreciation commences when the assets are placed in service. Depreciation rates for assets are updated periodically to account for changes, if any, in the estimated useful lives of the assets, lease terms, management’s strategic objectives, estimated residual values or obsolescence. Changes in estimates will result in adjustments to depreciation expense prospectively.
Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations | Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations An asset retirement obligation is evaluated and recorded as appropriate on assets for which the Company has a legal obligation to retire. The Company records a liability for an asset retirement obligation and the associated asset retirement cost at the time the underlying asset is acquired and put into service. Subsequent to the initial measurement of the asset retirement obligation, the obligation is adjusted at the end of each period to reflect the passage of time and changes in the estimated future cash flows underlying the obligation, if any. Over time, the liability is accreted to its present value and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the estimated useful life of the asset. The Company entered into long-term leasing arrangements primarily for tower site locations. The Company constructed assets at these locations and, in accordance with the terms of many of these agreements, the Company is obligated to restore the premises to their original condition at the conclusion of the agreements, generally at the demand of the other party to these agreements. The Company recognizes the fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation and capitalizes that cost as part of the cost basis of the related asset, depreciating it over the useful life of the related asset. Upon settlement of the obligation, any difference between the cost to retire the asset and the recorded liability is recognized on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Intangible Assets | Intangible Assets Intangible assets are wireless licenses that are used to provide the Company with the exclusive right to utilize designated radio frequency spectrum to provide wireless communication services. While licenses are issued for only a fixed time, generally ten years, such licenses are subject to renewal by the FCC. License renewals have occurred routinely and at nominal cost in the past. There are currently no legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic or other factors that limit the useful life of the Company’s wireless licenses. As a result, the Company has determined that the wireless licenses should be treated as an indefinite-lived intangible asset. The Company will evaluate the useful life determination for its wireless licenses each year to determine whether events and circumstances continue to support their treatment as an indefinite useful life asset. Evaluation of Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment Historically, wireless licenses were tested for impairment on an aggregate basis, consistent with the Company’s dispatch business at a national level. Effective for the year ended March 31, 2021 (“Fiscal 2021”), the Company determined that its unit of accounting should be based on geographic markets and deal markets. Unit of accounting of wireless licenses not associated with closed deals is based on geographic markets. Unit of accounting of wireless licenses associated with closed deals is based on the deal markets. The Company’s wireless licenses not associated with closed deals are tested for impairment based on the geographic markets, as the Company will be utilizing the existing wireless narrowband licenses, or broadband licenses if applicable, as part of facilitating broadband spectrum networks at a geographic market level. The Company’s wireless licenses associated with closed deals are tested for impairment based at the deal market level. The Company may elect to first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of an intangible asset is less than its carrying value. If the Company does not perform the qualitative assessment, or if the qualitative assessment indicates it is more likely than not that the fair value of the intangible asset is less than its carrying amount, the Company will calculate the estimated fair value of the intangible asset. If the estimated fair value of the spectrum licenses is lower than their carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized. The Company will use a market-based approach to estimate fair value for impairment testing purposes. The valuation approach used to estimate fair value for the purpose of impairment testing requires management to use complex assumptions and estimates such as population, discount rates, industry and market considerations, long-term market equity risk, as well as other factors. These assumptions and estimates depend on our ability to accurately predict forward looking assumptions including successfully applying for broadband licenses, commercializing our 900 MHz Broadband Spectrum and properly estimating favorable deal terms over the life of the contract. For impairment testing, estimated fair value is determined using a market-based approach primarily using the 600 MHz auction price. As noted in the Report and Order, the FCC will use the spectrum price based on the average price paid in the FCC’s 600 MHz auction to calculate the Anti-Windfall Payments. During the year ended March 31, 2023 (“Fiscal 2023”), the Company shifted from a probability analysis approach to a more detailed approach with measurable qualitative metrics. The new approach, Demonstrated Intent (“DI”), determines how likely a deal is to close based on certain qualitative factors, like applying for an experimental license, entering into a request for proposal, joining certain utility board or publicly backing 900 MHz Broadband Spectrum and its application. As a result, the Company will utilize the DI scores on a go-forward basis for our impairment analysis. As of and for the year ended March 31, 2023, the Company performed a step one quantitative approach impairment test as of January 1, 2023, to determine if the fair value of the combined licenses by the associated geographical or deal market exceeds the carrying value for each geographical or deal market. During the year ended March 31, 2022 (“Fiscal 2022”), the Company changed the date of its annual impairment assessment from March 31, its fiscal year-end, to January 1. For the year ended March 31, 2022, the Company performed a step zero qualitative approach impairment test as of January 1, 2022, for each geographical market to test indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment by first assessing qualitative factors to determine whether it is more-likely-than-not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform quantitative impairment testing. As a result of the step zero test, the Company was not required to perform a step one analysis. For the year ended March 31, 2021, the Company performed a step one quantitative impairment test to determine if the fair value of the combined licenses by the associated geographical or deal market exceeds the carrying value for each geographical or deal market. Based on the results of the impairment tests, there were no impairment charges recorded during the years ended March 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Exchanges of Intangible Assets At times, the Company enters into agreements to exchange or cancel spectrum licenses. Upon entering into the arrangement, if the transaction has been deemed to have commercial substance, spectrum licenses are reviewed for impairment. The licenses are exchanged or cancelled at their carrying value and adjusted for any gain or loss recognized. Upon receipt of FCC approval, the spectrum licenses acquired as part of an exchange of nonmonetary assets are recorded at their new accounting basis, for those acquired from the FCC, or fair value for those acquired from third party, (collectively, the “acquired basis”). The difference between the acquired basis of the spectrum licenses obtained, carrying value of the spectrum licenses transferred and cash paid, if any, is recognized as a gain or loss on disposal of spectrum licenses reported separately on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. The acquired basis of spectrum licenses is based on information for which there is little or no observable market data. If the transaction lacks commercial substance or the acquired basis is not measurable, the acquired spectrum licenses are recorded at the carrying value of the spectrum assets transferred, cancelled or exchanged. For the purpose of the valuation of broadband licenses received in connection with nonmonetary exchanges, the Company utilizes the 600 MHz Auction price per MHzPop, as defined in the Report and Order, which is considered the accounting basis for the new broadband licenses.
Long-Lived Asset and Right of Use Asset Impairment | Long-Lived Assets and Right of Use Assets ImpairmentThe Company evaluates long-lived assets, including right of use assets, other than intangible assets with indefinite lives, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset group may not be recoverable. Asset groups are determined at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of cash flows of other groups of assets and liabilities. When the carrying amount of the asset groups are not recoverable and exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized equal to the excess of the asset group’s carrying value over the estimated fair value.
Fair Value Measurement of Financial Instruments | Fair Value Measurement A Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 fair value hierarchy is used to categorize fair value amounts depending on the quality of inputs used to measure the fair value. Level 1 fair value derived inputs utilize quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 fair value derived inputs are based on quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or based on inputs other than quoted prices for the assets or liability that are either directly or indirectly observable. Level 3 fair value derived inputs are unobservable for the asset or liability as a result of little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability. The Company uses appropriate valuation techniques for the fair values of the applicable assets or liabilities based on the available inputs. When available, the Company measures fair value using Level 1 inputs as they generally provide the most reliable evidence of fair value. The inputs may fall into different levels within the hierarchy in some valuations. In these cases, the fair value hierarchy of the asset or liability level is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurements. Financial Instruments Financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses are carried at cost, which management believes approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments.
Leases | Leases Leases in which the Company is the lessee are comprised of corporate office space and tower space. Substantially all of the leases are classified as operating leases. The Company is obligated under certain lease agreements for office space with lease terms expiring on various dates from October 31, 2023 through June 30, 2027, which includes lease extensions ranging from three to ten-years for its corporate headquarters. The Company entered into multiple lease agreements for tower space related to its spectrum holdings. The lease expiration dates range from May 31, 2023 to August 31, 2029. In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board, (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification, Leases (“ASC 842”), the Company recognized right of use (“ROU”) assets and corresponding lease liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets for its operating lease agreements with contractual terms greater than 12 months. Lease liabilities are based on the present value of remaining lease payments over the lease term. As the discount rate implied in the Company’s leases is not readily determinable, the present value is calculated using the Company’s incremental borrowing rate, which is estimated to approximate the interest rate on a collateralized basis with similar terms.
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition Revenues are recognized when a contract with a customer exists and control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services and the identified performance obligation has been satisfied. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account in Accounting Standards Codification, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and is recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied, which typically occurs when the services are rendered. Determining whether products and services are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require significant judgment. The Company’s contracts with customers may include multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, the Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. It generally determines standalone selling prices based on the prices charged to customers under contracts involving only the relevant performance obligation. Judgment may be used to determine the standalone selling prices for items that are not sold separately, including services provided at no additional charge. For the Company’s customer agreements, most of the performance obligations involve delivering leased spectrum on a county-by-county basis and are generally satisfied over time as services are provided. The nature of the licenses provide the benefit of the leased spectrum regardless of whether the customer uses the spectrum or not. As a result, revenue will be recognized ratably as the Company delivers cleared 900 MHz Broadband Spectrum and the associated broadband licenses to the customer on a county-by-county basis over the contractual term. See Note 3 Revenue for a discussion of the Company’s recognized revenues during the years ended March 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. The Company recognizes an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if it expects the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. The Company determined that certain sales commissions met the requirements to be capitalized and were recorded as an asset upon the Company’s adoption of ASC 606. For the years ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company capitalized commission costs required to obtain long-term 900 MHz Broadband Spectrum lease agreements which will be amortized over the contractual term.
Direct Cost of Revenue | Direct Cost of Revenue The Company’s historical direct cost of revenue related to its TeamConnect service offering includes the costs of operating its dispatch network and its cloud-based solutions. With respect to sales of its historical software applications through its wireless carrier partners, direct cost of revenue includes the portion of service revenue retained by its domestic Tier 1 carrier or reseller partners pursuant to its agreements with these parties, which may include network services, connectivity, SMS service, sales, marketing, billing and other ancillary services.
Contract Assets and liabilities | Contract Assets and liabilities The Company recognizes a contract asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. These costs include sales commissions, equity compensation and other costs associated with acquiring customer contracts. These costs are amortized ratably using the portfolio approach over the estimated customer contract period. The Company will review the contract asset on a periodic basis to determine if an impairment exists and will review the contract assets for potential credit loss exposure. If it is determined that there is an impairment, or a potential credit loss, the Company will expense the contract asset. Contract liabilities primarily relate to advance consideration received from customers for spectrum services, for which revenue is recognized over time, as the services are performed. These contract liabilities are recorded as deferred revenue on the balance sheet.
Product Development Costs | Product Development Costs The Company charges all product and development costs to expense as incurred. Types of expense incurred in product and development costs include employee compensation, consulting, travel, equipment and technology costs.
Advertising and Promotional Expense | Advertising and Promotional ExpenseThe Company expenses advertising and promotional costs as incurred.
Stock Compensation | Stock Compensation The Company accounts for stock options in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires the measurement and recognition of compensation expense, based on the estimated fair value of awards granted to consultants, employees and directors. The Company estimates the fair value of share-based awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense in the Company’s statements of operations over the requisite service periods. In the event the participant’s employment by or engagement with (as a director or otherwise) the Company terminates before exercise of the options granted, the stock options granted to the participant shall immediately expire and all rights to purchase shares thereunder shall immediately cease and expire and be of no further force or effect, other than applicable exercise rights for vested shares that may extend past the termination date as provided for in the participant’s applicable option award agreement. Additionally, the Company’s Compensation Committee (the “Compensation Committee”) adopted an Executive Severance Plan (the “Severance Plan”) in February 2015, which was amended in February 2019, and the Company subsequently entered into Severance Plan Participation Agreements with its executive officers. In addition to providing participants with severance payments, the Severance Plan provides for accelerated vesting and extends the exercise period for outstanding equity awards if the Company terminates a participant’s service for reasons other than cause, death or disability or the participant terminates his or her service for good reason, whether before or after a change of control (each of such terms as defined in the Severance Plan). In addition to the Severance Plan, the equity awards issued to the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer provide for accelerated vesting upon termination of service for reasons other than cause or a resignation for good reason; involuntary termination in connection with a change in control; or a change in control with a purchase price at or above $100 per share (each of such terms defined in the equity award agreements). To calculate option-based compensation, the Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company’s determination of fair value of option-based awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model is affected by assumptions regarding a number of subjective variables. The compensation cost for the stock options with a graded vesting schedule is recognized on an accelerated method over the vesting period. The fair value of restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance units without market conditions are measured based upon the quoted closing market price for the stock on the date of grant. The compensation cost for the restricted stock and restricted stock units is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The compensation cost for the performance units without market conditions is recognized when the performance criteria are expected to be complete. The Company uses a Monte Carlo simulation model to determine the fair value of performance units with market condition at grant date. The Monte Carlo simulation model is based on a discounted cash flow approach, with the simulation of a large number of possible stock price outcomes for the Company’s stock and the target composite index. The use of the Monte Carlo simulation model requires the input of a number of assumptions including expected volatility of the Company’s stock price, which is based on the weighted-average historical volatility of its stock; correlation between changes in the Company’s stock price and changes in the target composite index, which is based on the historical relationship between the Company’s stock price and the target composite index average; risk-free interest rate, which is based on the treasury zero-coupon yield appropriate for the term of the performance unit as of the grant date; and expected dividends as applicable, which is zero, as the Company has never paid any cash dividends. Any future determination to pay dividends will be at the discretion of the board of directors (the “Board”) and will depend on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, restrictions contained in any financing instruments and such other factors as the Board deems relevant in its sole discretion. Therefore, the Company has used an expected dividend yield of zero in the Monte Carlo simulation model. No tax benefits have been attributed to the share-based compensation expense because the Company maintains a full valuation allowance for all net deferred tax assets. All excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies, including tax benefits of dividends on share-based payment awards, are recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement, eliminating the notion of the additional paid-in capital (“APIC”) pool. The excess tax benefits are classified as operating activities along with other income tax cash flows rather than financing activities in the statement of cash flows. The tax effects of exercised or vested awards are treated as discrete items in the reporting period in which they occur. Cash payments to tax authorities in connection with shares withheld to meet statutory tax withholding requirements are presented as a financing activity in the statement of cash flows. Retirement of common stock From time to time, the Company may acquire its common stock through share repurchases or option exercise swaps and return these shares to authorized and unissued. If the Company elects to retire these shares, the Company’s policy is to allocate a portion of the repurchase price to par value of common stock with the excess over par value allocated to accumulated deficit.
Income Taxes | Income Taxes The Company utilizes the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities as well as from net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in operations in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is established when it is estimated that it is more likely than not that the tax benefit of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.
Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes | Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes The Company recognizes the effect of tax positions only when they are more likely than not to be sustained. Management has determined that the Company had no uncertain tax positions that would require financial statement recognition or disclosure. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state or local income tax examinations for periods prior to 2019. When applicable, the Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.
Net Loss Per Share of Common Stock | Net Loss Per Share of Common StockBasic net loss per common share is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. For purposes of the diluted net loss per share calculation, preferred stock, convertible notes payable-affiliated entities, stock options, restricted stock and warrants are considered to be potentially dilutive securities.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements | Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements While there have been accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB or other standard-setting bodies that do not require adoption until a future date, these updates are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

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