Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Wireless licenses are considered indefinite-lived intangible assets. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are not subject to amortization but instead are tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if an event indicates that the asset might be impaired. There were no impairment charges related to the Company’s indefinite-lived intangible assets during the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Intangible assets consist of the following at March 31, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):


	2025		2024
Balance at the beginning of the year	$	216,743	$	202,044
Acquisitions and transfers	12,082		12,077
Sale of intangible assets	(22,641)		(32,402)
Exchanges - licenses received	27,030		43,700
Exchanges - licenses surrendered	(4,231)		(8,676)
Balance at the end of the year	$	228,983	$	216,743

Purchases of intangible assets, including refundable deposits, retuning costs and swaps

During the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company entered into agreements with several third parties in multiple U.S. markets to acquire, retune or swap wireless licenses for cash consideration (“deals”) and made Anti-Windfall Payments to the U.S. Treasury Department. The initial deposits to incumbents are recorded as spectrum receivable on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and are refundable if the FCC does not approve the sale, retuning or swap of the spectrum. The initial deposits are transferred to deferred broadband costs or intangible assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, as applicable, upon meeting the relevant deal milestones. The final payments related to closed retuning or swap deals are recorded as deferred broadband costs on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The final payments for license purchases or Anti-Windfall Payments are recorded as intangible assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Broadband License Exchanges

During the year ended March 31, 2025, the FCC granted the Company broadband licenses for 67 counties. The Company recorded the new broadband licenses at their estimated accounting cost basis of approximately $27.0 million. In connection with receiving the broadband licenses, the Company disposed of $4.2 million related to the value ascribed to the narrowband licenses it relinquished to the FCC for the same 67 counties. The total carrying value of the narrowband licenses included the cost to acquire the original narrowband licenses, Anti-Windfall Payments paid to cover the shortfall in each county and the clearing costs. As a result of the exchange of narrowband licenses for broadband licenses, the Company recorded a gain on exchange of intangible assets of $22.8 million, for the year ended March 31, 2025.

During the year ended March 31, 2024, the FCC granted the Company broadband licenses for 28 counties. The Company recorded the new broadband licenses at their estimated accounting cost basis of approximately $43.7 million. In connection with receiving the broadband licenses, the Company disposed of $8.7 million related to the value ascribed to the narrowband licenses it relinquished to the FCC for the same 28 counties. The total carrying value of the narrowband licenses included the cost to acquire the original narrowband licenses, Anti-Windfall Payments paid to cover the shortfall in each county and the clearing costs. As a result of the exchange of narrowband licenses for broadband licenses, the Company recorded a gain on exchange of intangible assets of $35.0 million, for the year ended March 31, 2024.

Broadband License Sale

During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, the Company transferred to San Diego Gas & Electric (“SDG&E”) the San Diego County broadband license for total cumulative payments of $44.0 million net of delivery delay adjustments of $1.1 million (the “SDG&E Agreement”). As a result, the Company recognized a reduction in intangible assets of $31.8 million and recorded a $7.3 million gain on sale of intangible assets on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.

During the quarter ended December 31, 2023, the Company transferred to SDG&E the remainder of the cleared 900 MHz Broadband Spectrum and the associated broadband license to Imperial County for total cumulative payments of $0.7 million. As a result, the Company recognized a reduction in intangible assets of $0.6 million and recorded a $32 thousand gain on sale of intangible assets on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.

As part of the SDG&E Agreement, SDG&E has an option to pursue additional spectrum with the Company. In accordance with ASC 606, the Company recorded a $4.9 million deferred gain on sale of intangible assets on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025, related to this option, which expires in September 2028.

During the year ended March 31, 2025, the Company transferred to Oncor the 900 MHz Broadband Spectrum and the associated broadband licenses related to four counties for the total consideration of $40.9 million. The total consideration included a $34.0 million milestone payment received in January 2025, $4.0 million allocated from the previously received $10.0 million deposit and $2.9 million non-trade receivable on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets related to reimbursable clearing costs and Anti-Windfall Payments. As a result, the Company recognized a reduction in intangible assets of $22.6 million and recorded a $18.3 million gain on sale of intangible assets on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.