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Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2025
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net | Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net Changes in goodwill consisted of the following (in thousands):
Balance as of January 1, 2025 |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,579,265 |
Accumulated impairment |  |  |  |  | (1,511,264) |
|  |  |  |  | 68,001 |
Sale of Bakkt Trust |  |  |  |  | (3,343) |
Balance as of June 30, 2025 |  |  |  |  |
Goodwill |  |  |  |  | 1,575,922 |
Accumulated impairment |  |  |  |  | (1,511,264) |
|  |  |  |  | $ | 64,658 |
During the quarter ended June 30, 2025, the Company completed the sale of Bakkt Trust. As part of the sale, approximately $3.3 million of goodwill was included in the carrying amount of Bakkt Trust upon sale and in determining the loss on sale. Bakkt management did not identify any indicators of impairment related to goodwill and other intangible assets during the three months ended June 30, 2025. On March 14, 2025, the Company's largest crypto client, Webull, notified the Company that it would not renew its agreement with Bakkt that ended on June 14, 2025, although the Company continues to service a limited number of states under an amended agreement with Webull. Due to the significance of Webull to the Company's historical Crypto services revenue, Bakkt management determined that the non-renewal notification was a triggering event indicating a potential impairment of the Company's goodwill during the three months ended March 31, 2025. Bakkt management elected to bypass performing a qualitative assessment and proceeded directly to a quantitative impairment assessment. The Company retained a third-party valuation firm to estimate the fair value of its indefinite lived intangible asset (the “Tradename”) and single reporting unit. Goodwill impairment is measured as the excess of a reporting unit's carrying amount over its estimated fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill for that reporting unit. For the quantitative goodwill impairment analysis, the Company compared the estimated fair value of its reporting unit to the carrying amount. The estimated fair value of the reporting unit was derived using a market approach and an income approach, with equal weighting given to both approaches. A discounted cash flow (“DCF”) model was used for the income approach. The DCF model reflected the Company’s assumptions regarding revenue growth rates, forecast earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”) margins (and thus operating expenses), capital expenditures, discount rates (including the company-specific risk premium assumption), terminal period growth rates, economic and market trends, and other expectations about the anticipated operating results of its reporting unit. Management estimates of future performance and metrics of guideline public companies (“GPCs”) were used to estimate revenue growth rates, EBITDA margins, and discount rate. Market and industry reports and data were used to estimate terminal period growth rates. The base of the income approach utilized the Company’s projected cash flow estimates, which are unobservable, Level 3 inputs. Unobservable inputs are used to measure fair value to the extent that relevant observable inputs are not available. The overall forecast estimate was developed using the best information available as of March 31, 2025, in consultation with a third-party valuation firm. The discount rate used is intended to be commensurate with the risks and uncertainty inherent in Bakkt’s business. The market approach valuation was derived from metrics of the GPCs, which are Level 2 inputs, and management estimates of future performance with consideration for a control premium. A significant judgment in using the market approach includes the selection of comparable GPCs with consideration of risk profiles, size, geography, and business operations. The impairment analysis for the Tradename involved the use of a relief from royalty approach, which estimated the value of the stream of payments a market participant would pay to make use of the in-place Tradename. Significant judgments in this analysis included forecasted revenue and growth rates, the royalty rate, and the discount rate. The discount rate used in the valuations described above was 12.5%. The results of the Company’s quantitative impairment analyses as of March 31, 2025 indicated that there was no impairment of the Company’s Tradename or goodwill. Bakkt Management considered the existence of material nonpublic information as of March 31, 2025 in reaching this conclusion (Level 3 inputs). In the event the financial performance of the reporting unit does not meet management’s expectations in the future, the Company experiences a prolonged macroeconomic downturn, there is a decline in the Company’s market capitalization, or there are other negative revisions to key assumptions used in the DCF or Market Approach used to value the Tradename and reporting unit, the Company may be required to perform additional impairment analyses with respect to the reporting unit and Tradename and could be required to recognize impairment charges. Management did not identify any indicators of impairment during the three months ended June 30, 2024. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, management identified a triggering event related to the significant decline in the Company's stock price, indicating a potential impairment of the Company's goodwill. Management determined no goodwill impairment charge was required based on a comparison of the Company's market capitalization against the carrying value of its equity. Intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands):
| June 30, 2025
| Weighted Average Useful Life (in years) |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
Trademarks / trade names | Indefinite |  | $ | 2,900 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,900 |
Total |  |  | $ | 2,900 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,900 |
| December 31, 2024
| Weighted Average Useful Life (in years) |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  |  | Net Carrying Amount
Trademarks / trade names | Indefinite |  | 2,900 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 2,900 |
Total |  |  | $ | 2,900 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,900 |
We did not record any amortization of intangible assets for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 or June 30, 2024 as our finite-lived intangible assets have been fully impaired. Estimated future amortization for definite-lived intangible assets as of June 30, 2025 was zero as our finite-lived intangible assets had been fully impaired.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for goodwill and intangible assets. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Topic 350 -SubTopic 30 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/350-30/tableOfContent Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Topic 350 -SubTopic 20 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/350-20/tableOfContent + Details
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