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Basis of Presentation
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2012
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements Disclosure and Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]
 
Note 1—Basis of Presentation
 
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of Genie Energy Ltd. and its subsidiaries (the “Company” or “Genie”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2012 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2012. For further information, please refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).
 
On January 30, 2012, the Company’s Board of Directors changed the Company’s fiscal year end from July 31 to December 31. This change better aligns the Company’s financial reporting with its operational and budgeting cycle and with other industry participants. The Company reported the results for its transitional period in a Transition Report on Form 10-Q for the five months from August 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011. Going forward, the Company’s fiscal quarters will end on the last day of March, June, September and December each year.
 
Genie owns 99.3% of its subsidiary, Genie Energy International Corporation (“GEIC”), which owns 98.9% of IDT Energy and 92% of Genie Oil and Gas, Inc. (“GOGAS”). Genie’s principal businesses consist of the following:
 
·
IDT Energy, a retail energy provider (“REP”) supplying electricity and natural gas to residential and small business customers in the Northeastern United States; and
 
·
Genie Oil and Gas, which is pioneering technologies to produce clean and affordable transportation fuels from the world's abundant oil shales and other unconventional fuel resources, which consists of (1) American Shale Oil Corporation (“AMSO”), which holds and manages a 50% interest in American Shale Oil, L.L.C. (“AMSO, LLC”), the Company’s oil shale initiative in Colorado, and (2) an 89% interest in Israel Energy Initiatives, Ltd. (“IEI”), the Company’s oil shale initiative in Israel.
 
Genie was incorporated in January 2011. These financial statements have been prepared on a consolidated basis as if Genie existed and owned its subsidiaries in all periods presented.
 
Sales of excess electricity purchases back to the NYISO (New York Independent System Operator, Inc.) of $2.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2011, previously included in revenues, have been reclassified as a reduction of direct cost of revenues in the consolidated statement of operations to conform to the current presentation.
 
The Company’s Spin-Off
 
The Company was formerly a subsidiary of IDT Corporation (“IDT”). On October 28, 2011, the Company was spun-off by IDT and became an independent public company through a pro rata distribution of the Company’s common stock to IDT’s stockholders (the “Spin-Off”). As a result of the Spin-Off, each of IDT’s stockholders received: (i) one share of the Company’s Class A common stock for every share of IDT’s Class A common stock held of record on October 21, 2011 (the “Record Date”), and (ii) one share of the Company’s Class B common stock for every share of IDT’s Class B common stock held of record on the Record Date. On October 28, 2011, 1.6 million shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, and 21.1 million shares of the Company’s Class B common stock were issued and outstanding.
 
Prior to the Spin-Off, IDT made a capital contribution of $82.2 million to the Company. In addition, in connection with the capital contribution received from IDT, the amount due from IDT as of the date of the Spin-Off of $2.1 million was forgiven.
 
The Company entered into various agreements with IDT prior to the Spin-Off including a Separation and Distribution Agreement to effect the separation and provide a framework for the Company’s relationship with IDT after the Spin-Off, and a Transition Services Agreement, which provides for certain services to be performed by the Company and IDT to facilitate the Company’s transition into a separate publicly-traded company. These agreements provide for, among other things, (1) the allocation between the Company and IDT of employee benefits, taxes and other liabilities and obligations attributable to periods prior to the Spin-Off, (2) transitional services to be provided by IDT relating to human resources and employee benefits administration, (3) the allocation of responsibilities relating to employee compensation and benefit plans and programs and other related matters, (4) finance, accounting, tax, internal audit, facilities, investor relations and legal services to be provided by IDT to the Company following the Spin-Off and (5) specified administrative services to be provided by the Company to certain of IDT’s foreign subsidiaries. In addition, the Company entered into a Tax Separation Agreement with IDT, which sets forth the responsibilities of the Company and IDT with respect to, among other things, liabilities for federal, state, local and foreign taxes for periods before and including the Spin-Off, the preparation and filing of tax returns for such periods and disputes with taxing authorities regarding taxes for such periods.

 
Seasonality and Weather
 
IDT Energy’s revenues are impacted by, among other things, the weather and the seasons. Weather conditions have a significant impact on the demand for natural gas for heating and electricity for air conditioning. Typically, colder winters and hotter summers create higher demand and consumption for natural gas and electricity, respectively. Milder winters and/or summers will reduce the demand for natural gas and electricity, respectively. Natural gas revenues typically increase in the first quarter due to increased heating demands, and electricity revenues typically increase in the third quarter due to increased air conditioning use. Approximately 50% and 53% of IDT Energy’s natural gas revenues were generated in the first quarter of 2011 and 2010, respectively, when demand for heating is highest. Although the demand for electricity is not as seasonal as natural gas, approximately 35% and 36% of IDT Energy’s electricity revenues were generated in the third quarter of 2011 and 2010, respectively. As a result, the Company’s revenues and operating income are subject to material seasonal variations, and the interim financial results are not necessarily indicative of the estimated financial results for the full year.