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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2011
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Fiscal Year The Company’s fiscal year ends on the last Saturday in December. The fiscal year ended December 31, 2011 includes 53 weeks, the fiscal years ended December 25, 2010 and December 26, 2009 each include 52 weeks and are referred to as fiscal years 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, herein. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries, a majority owned (78%) subsidiary, Kowon Technology Co., Ltd. (Kowon), located in Korea and, a majority owned (90%) subsidiary Kopin Taiwan Corporation (KTC) located in Taiwan (collectively the “Company”). All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated. Amounts of Kowon and KTC not attributable to the Company are referred to as noncontrolling interests in the consolidated statements of operations. Investment in business entities in which the Company does not have control, but has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies are accounted for by the equity method. Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes revenue if four basic criteria have been met: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; (2) delivery has occurred and services rendered; (3) the price to the buyer is fixed or determinable; and (4) collectability is reasonably assured. The Company does not recognize revenue for products prior to customer acceptance unless it believes the product meets all customer specifications and the Company has a history of consistently achieving customer acceptance of the product. Provisions for product returns and allowances are recorded in the same period as the related revenues. The Company analyzes historical returns, current economic trends and changes in customer demand and acceptance of product when evaluating the adequacy of sales returns and other allowances. Certain product sales are made to distributors under agreements allowing for a limited right of return on unsold products. Sales to distributors are primarily made for sales to the distributor’s customers and not for their stocking of inventory. The Company delays revenue recognition for its estimate of distributor claims of right of return on unsold products based upon its historical experience with the Company’s products and specific analysis of amounts subject to return based upon discussions with the Company’s distributors or their customers. The Company recognizes revenues from long-term research and development contracts on the percentage-of-completion method of accounting as work is performed, based upon the ratio of costs or hours already incurred to the estimated total cost of completion or hours of work to be performed. Revenue recognized at any point in time is limited to the amount funded by the U.S. government or contracting entity. The Company accounts for product development and research contracts that have established prices for distinct phases as if each phase were a separate contract. In some instances, the Company is contracted to create a deliverable which is anticipated to be qualified and go into full rate production stages. In those cases, the revenue recognition methodology will change from the percentage of completion method to the units-of-delivery method as new contracts are received after formal qualification has been completed. The Company classifies amounts earned on contracts in progress that are in excess of amounts billed as unbilled receivables and classifies amounts received in excess of amounts earned as billings in excess of revenues earned. The Company invoices based on dates specified in the related agreement or in periodic installments based upon its invoicing cycle. The Company recognizes the entire amount of an estimated ultimate loss in its financial statements at the time the loss on a contract becomes known. Research and Development Costs Research and development expenses are incurred in support of internal display and III-V product development programs or programs funded by agencies or prime contractors of the U.S. government and commercial partners. Research and development costs include staffing, purchases of materials and laboratory supplies, circuit design costs, fabrication and packaging of experimental display products, and overhead, and are expensed immediately. Cash and Equivalents and Marketable Securities The Company considers all highly liquid, short-term debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Marketable debt securities consist primarily of commercial paper, medium-term corporate notes, and United States government and agency backed securities. The Company classifies these marketable debt securities as available-for-sale at fair value in “Marketable Securities.” The investments in Advanced Wireless Semiconductor Company (AWSC) and WIN Semiconductor Corp. (WIN) are included in “Other Assets” as available-for-sale and at fair value. The Company records the amortization of premium and accretion of discounts on marketable debt securities in the results of operations. The Company uses the specific identification method as a basis for determining cost and calculating realized gains and losses with respect to marketable debt securities. The gross gains and losses realized related to sales of marketable debt securities were not material during fiscal years 2011, 2010 and 2009. Inventory Inventory is stated at the lower of cost (determined on the first-in, first-out or specific identification method) or market and consists of the following at December 31, 2011 and December 25, 2010:
|  | 2011 |  |  | 2010 |
Raw materials |  | $ | 9,934,724 |  |  | $ | 10,775,935 |
Work-in-process |  |  | 5,220,353 |  |  |  | 4,159,064 |
Finished goods |  |  | 6,260,440 |  |  |  | 6,527,872 |
|  | $ | 21,415,517 |  |  | $ | 21,462,871 |
Inventory on consignment at customer locations was $3.9 million and $4.4 million at December 31, 2011 and December 25, 2010, respectively. Included in prepaid expenses and other current assets is a deposit of $0.4 million for raw materials in advance of delivery. Property, plant and equipment Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation and amortization are provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally 3 to 10 years. Leasehold improvements and leased equipment are amortized over the shorter of the term of the lease or the useful life of the improvement or equipment. As discussed below, obligations for asset retirement are accrued at the time property, plant and equipment is initially purchased or as such obligations are generated from use. Product Warranty The Company generally sells products with a limited warranty of product quality and a limited indemnification of customers against intellectual property infringement claims related to the Company’s products. The Company accrues for known warranty and indemnification issues if a loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated, and accrues for estimated incurred but unidentified issues based on historical activity. As of December 31, 2011 and December 25, 2010, the Company had warranty reserves of $1.3 million. For the fiscal years 2011, 2010 and 2009 warranty claims and reversals were approximately $1.4 million, $0.8 million and $1.2 million, respectively. Asset Retirement Obligations The Company recorded asset retirement obligations (ARO) liabilities of $1.3 million and $0.9 million at December 31, 2011 and December 25, 2010, respectively. This represents the legal obligations associated with retirement of the Company’s assets when the timing and/or method of settling the obligation are conditional on a future event that may or may not be within the control of the Company. The Company also recorded accumulated depreciation charges of $0.6 million and $0.6 million, at December 31, 2011 and December 25, 2010, respectively, which represents the cumulative amortization of the capitalized long-lived asset associated with this obligation. The Company estimated the ARO using a discounted cash flow model that considered the Company’s cost of capital as well as increases in costs prior to settlement of the obligations and considered the probability that performance would be required.
|  | 2011 |  |  | 2010 |
Asset retirement obligation as of December 25, 2010 |  | $ | 944,617 |  |  | $ | 903,133 |
Additions liabilities incurred |  |  | 309,119 |  |  |  | — |
Accretion |  |  | 41,934 |  |  |  | — |
Asset retirement obligation as of December 31, 2011 |  | $ | 1,295,670 |  |  | $ | 944,617 |
Income Taxes The consolidated financial statements reflect provisions for federal, state, local and foreign income taxes. The Company recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis, as well as operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The Company measures deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences and carryforwards are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company provides valuation allowances if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Taiwan tax law requires a 10% tax on unappropriated earnings of the Company’s subsidiary KTC. The Company records this tax in the year the earnings are recorded. Foreign Currency Assets and liabilities of non-U.S. operations where the functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar are translated from the functional currency into U.S. dollars at year end exchange rates, and revenues and expenses at average rates prevailing during the year. Resulting translation adjustments are accumulated as part of accumulated other comprehensive income. Transaction gains or losses are recognized in income or loss in the period in which they occur. Net Income Per Share Basic net income per share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period less any unvested restricted shares. Diluted earnings per common share is calculated using weighted-average shares outstanding and contingently issuable shares, less weighted-average shares reacquired during the period. The net outstanding shares are adjusted for the dilutive effect of shares issuable upon the assumed conversion of the Company’s common stock equivalents, which consist of outstanding stock options and unvested restricted stock units. Weighted-average common shares outstanding used to calculate earnings per share, is as follows:
|  | 2011 |  |  | 2010 |  |  | 2009 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—basic |  |  | 64,405,776 |  |  |  | 66,019,847 |  |  |  | 66,849,890 |
Stock options and nonvested restricted common stock |  |  | 828,436 |  |  |  | 691,654 |  |  |  | 607,861 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—diluted |  |  | 65,234,212 |  |  |  | 66,711,501 |  |  |  | 67,457,751 |
The following were not included in weighted-average common shares outstanding- diluted because they are anti-dilutive.
|  | 2011 |  |  | 2010 |  |  | 2009 |
Nonvested restricted common stock |  |  | 613,934 |  |  |  | 229,159 |  |  |  | 419,213 |
Stock options |  |  | 1,561,925 |  |  |  | 2,544,411 |  |  |  | 3,953,387 |
Total |  |  | 2,175,859 |  |  |  | 2,773,570 |  |  |  | 4,372,600 |
Concentration of Credit Risk The Company primarily invests its excess cash in government backed and corporate financial instruments management believes to be of high credit worthiness, which bear lower levels of relative credit risk. The Company relies on rating agencies to ascertain the credit worthiness of its marketable securities and, where applicable, guarantees by the Federal Deposit Insurance Company. The Company sells its products to customers worldwide and generally does not require collateral. The Company maintains a reserve for potential credit losses. Fair Value of Financial Instruments Financial instruments consist of current assets (except inventories, income tax receivables and prepaid assets) and certain current liabilities. Current assets (excluding marketable securities which are recorded at fair value) and current liabilities are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Stock-Based Compensation The fair value of stock option awards is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option-pricing model. There were no stock options granted in fiscal years 2011, 2010 or 2009. The fair value of nonvested restricted common stock awards is generally the market value of the Company’s equity shares on the date of grant. The nonvested restricted common stock awards require the employee to fulfill certain obligations, including remaining employed by the Company for one, two or four years (the vesting period) and in certain cases also require meeting either performance criteria or the Company’s stock achieving a certain price. The performance criteria primarily consist of the achievement of the Company’s annual incentive plan goals. For nonvested restricted common stock awards which solely require the recipient to remain employed with the Company, the stock compensation expense is amortized over the anticipated service period. For nonvested restricted common stock awards which require the achievement of performance criteria, the Company reviews the probability of achieving the performance goals on a periodic basis. If the Company determines that it is probable that the performance criteria will be achieved, the amount of compensation cost derived for the performance goal is amortized over the service period. If the performance criteria are not met, no compensation cost is recognized and any previously recognized compensation cost is reversed. The Company recognizes compensation costs on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for time vested awards. In 2011, the Company granted compensation awards to its Chief Executive Officer that consisted of a grant of 260,000 shares of restricted stock and a grant of 380,000 shares of phantom stock to be settled in cash. The 260,000 shares of restricted stock and the 380,000 shares of phantom stock will vest at the end of the first 10 consecutive trading day period following the grant date during which the Company’s common stock trades at a price per share equal to or greater than $5.25, prior to September 12, 2016. The vesting of the awards upon achieving a closing stock price of $5.25 for 10 consecutive days is considered a market condition. The accounting for the 260,000 shares requires that the fair market value of the shares is determine on the grant day and then this fair market value is expensed straight-line over the derived service period. The accounting for the phantom stock award requires the Company to periodically assess the fair market value of the award, with increases or decrease in the fair market value being reflected in the statement of operations. The fair market value of the awards will be expensed over a derived service period currently estimated to be approximately 12 months. However, if the market condition occurs before the estimated service period of 12 months or if there are material changes in the underlying data used in the fair market valuation, the fair market valuation may increase or decrease and the period over which the fair market valuation is recognized in the statement of operations may increase or decrease. Comprehensive Income Comprehensive income is the total of net income and all other non-owner changes in equity including such items as unrealized holding gains (losses) on marketable equity and debt securities classified as available-for-sale and foreign currency translation adjustments. The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is as follows:
|  | Cumulative Translation Adjustment |  |  | Unrealized Holding (Loss) Gain on Marketable Securities |  |  | Non-Credit Related Losses on Investments |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
Balance as of December 27, 2008 |  | $ | (766,082 | ) |  | $ | 597,779 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (168,303 | )
Changes during year |  |  | 1,320,443 |  |  |  | 4,442,850 |  |  |  | (1,038,177 | ) |  |  | 4,725,116 |
Balance as of December 26, 2009 |  |  | 554,361 |  |  |  | 5,040,629 |  |  |  | (1,038,177 | ) |  |  | 4,556,813 |
Changes during year |  |  | 1,886,520 |  |  |  | (1,243,327 | ) |  |  | 785,339 |  |  |  | 1,428,532 |
Balance as of December 25, 2010 |  |  | 2,440,881 |  |  |  | 3,797,302 |  |  |  | (252,838 | ) |  |  | 5,985,345 |
Changes during year |  |  | (1,121,011 | ) |  |  | (971,148 | ) |  |  | 252,838 |  |  |  | (1,839,321 | )
Balance as of December 31, 2011 |  | $ | 1,319,870 |  |  | $ | 2,826,154 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,146,024 |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company periodically reviews the carrying value of our long-lived assets to determine if facts and circumstances suggest that they may be impaired or that the amortization or depreciation period may need to be changed. The carrying value of a long-lived asset is considered impaired when the anticipated identifiable undiscounted cash flows from such asset are less than its carrying value. For assets that are to be held and used, impairment is measured based upon the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. The carrying value of the Company’s long-lived assets was $32.4 million at December 31, 2011. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements Intangibles, Goodwill and Other In December 2010 and September 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2010-28 and ASU 2011-08 Intangibles—Goodwill and Other, respectively, which both modify the annual goodwill impairment testing procedures. ASU 2010-28 focuses on the carrying amount of goodwill for purposes of performing step one of the goodwill test and ASU 2011-08 focuses on allowing entities the ability to first assess the qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative goodwill impairment test. Both of these updates are effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2011 and early adoption is permitted. ASU 2010-28 requires retrospective application. The Company elected not to early adopt either of these updates and does not expect the adoption will have a material impact on its goodwill impairment calculation, financial position or results of operations. Fair Value Measurement In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU-2011-04 Fair Value Measurement that modifies the fair value measurements and disclosure requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRS. This newly issued accounting standard clarifies the application of certain existing fair value measurement guidance and expands the disclosures for fair value measurements that are estimated using significant unobservable inputs. This guidance is effective on a prospective basis for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The Company does not expect that adoption of this standard will have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations. Statement of Comprehensive Income In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-05 Statement of Comprehensive Income which (1) eliminates the option to present the components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of changes in stockholders’ equity; (2) requires the consecutive presentation of the statement of net income and other comprehensive income; and (3) requires an entity to present reclassification adjustments on the face of the financial statements from other comprehensive income to net income. The FASB has deferred the third requirement under this ASU. This amendment does not change the items that must be reported in other comprehensive income or when an item of other comprehensive income must be reclassified to net income nor does this amendment affect how earnings per share is calculated or presented. This guidance is required to be applied retrospectively and is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The Company does not expect that adoption of this standard will have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18743-107790 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 5 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18854-107790 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher AICPA -Name Accounting Principles Board Opinion (APB) -Number 22 -Paragraph 8 -LegacyDoc This reference is SUPERSEDED by the Accounting Standards Codification effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. This reference is included to help users transition from the previous accounting hierarchy and will be removed from future versions of this taxonomy. Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 6 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18861-107790 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18780-107790 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18726-107790 + Details
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