10-K 1 cvcy-2014123110k.htm 10-K
Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014
OR
¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 000-31977
CENTRAL VALLEY COMMUNITY BANCORP
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

CALIFORNIA |  | 77-0539125
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
7100 N. Financial Dr., Suite 101, Fresno, CA |  | 93720
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

559-298-1775
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
[None]
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

None |  | NASDAQ Capital Market
[Common Stock, $ par value per share] |  | [EXCHANGE]

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock, No Par Value
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No x
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes o No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulations S-T (232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer o | Accelerated filer x
Non-accelerated filer o | Smaller reporting company o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
As of June 30, 2014, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $112,910,000 based on the price at which the stock was last sold on June 30, 2014.
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Common Stock, No Par Value |  | Outstanding at March 11, 2015
[Common Stock, No par value per share] |  | 10,980,115 |  | shares

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Document |  | Parts into Which Incorporated
Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held May 20, 2015 (Proxy Statement) |  | Part III

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS

ITEM 1 - | DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS | 1
ITEM 1A - | RISK FACTORS | 23
ITEM 1B - | UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS | 23
ITEM 2 - | DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY | 29
ITEM 3 - | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 29
ITEM 4 - | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES | 29
ITEM 5 - | MARKET FOR COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES | 29
ITEM 6 - | SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA | 30
ITEM 7- | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION S | 32
ITEM 7A- | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | 57
ITEM 8 - | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 60
ITEM 9 - | CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE | 109
ITEM 9A - | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 109
ITEM 9B- | OTHER INFORMATION | 110
ITEM 10 - | DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, PROMOTERS AND CONTROL PERSONS; COMPLIANCE WITH SECTION 16(a) OF THE EXCHANGE ACT | 110
ITEM 11 - | EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION | 110
ITEM 12 - | SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS | 110
ITEM 13 - | CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS | 110
ITEM 14 - | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES | 110
ITEM 15 - | EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES | 111
SIGNATURES | 112

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION; INQUIRIES
Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Sections 13 and 15(d), periodic and current reports must be filed with the SEC. We electronically file the following reports with the SEC:
•Form 10-K — Annual Report;
•Form 10-Q — Quarterly Report;
•Form 8-K — Report of Unscheduled Material Events; and
•Form DEF 14A — Proxy Statement.
We may file additional forms. The SEC maintains an Internet site, www.sec.gov, in which all forms filed electronically may be accessed. Additional shareholder information regarding the Company and our Directors is available on our website: www.cvcb.com. None of the information on or hyperlinked from our website is incorporated into this Report.
Copies of the annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 may be obtained without charge upon written request to Dave Kinross, Chief Financial Officer, at the Company’s administrative offices, 7100 N. Financial Dr., Suite 101, Fresno, CA 93720.
Inquiries regarding Central Valley Community Bancorp’s accounting, internal controls or auditing concerns should be directed to Steven D. McDonald, chairman of the Board of Directors’ Audit Committee, at steve.mcdonald@cvcb.com or anonymously at www.ethicspoint.com or EthicsPoint, Inc. at 1-866-294-9588.
General inquiries about Central Valley Community Bancorp or Central Valley Community Bank should be directed to Cathy Ponte, Assistant Corporate Secretary at 1-800-298-1775.
PART I

ITEM 1 - | DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

General
Central Valley Community Bancorp (the Company) was incorporated on February 7, 2000 as a California corporation, for the purpose of becoming the holding company for Central Valley Community Bank (the Bank), formerly known as Clovis Community Bank, a California state chartered bank, through a corporate reorganization. In the reorganization, the Bank became the wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, and the shareholders of the Bank became the shareholders of the Company. The Company is registered as a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the BHC Act), and is subject to supervision and regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the Board of Governors).
At December 31, 2014, we had one banking subsidiary, the Bank. Our principal business is to provide, through our banking subsidiary, financial services in our primary market area in California. We serve seven contiguous counties in California’s central valley including Fresno County, Madera County, Merced County, Sacramento County, San Joaquin County, Stanislaus County, and Tulare County, and their surrounding areas through the Bank. We do not currently conduct any operations other than through the Bank. Unless the context otherwise requires, references to us refer to the Company and the Bank on a consolidated basis. At December 31, 2014, we had consolidated total assets of approximately $1,192,183,000. See Items 7 and 8, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and Financial Statements.
Effective July 1, 2013, the Company and Visalia Community Bank (VCB) completed a merger under which Visalia Community Bank, with three full-service offices in Visalia and one in Exeter, merged with and into the Bank.
On August 18, 2011, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (SPA) with the Small Business Lending Fund of the United States Department of the Treasury (the Treasury), under which the Company issued 7,000 shares of Senior Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series C (Series C Preferred) to the Treasury for an aggregate purchase price of $7,000,000. Simultaneously, the Company agreed with Treasury under a Letter Agreement to redeem, for an aggregate price of $7,000,000, the 7,000 shares of the Company’s Series A Fixed Rate Cumulative Preferred Stock (Series A Stock) originally issued pursuant to the Treasury’s Capital Purchase Program (CPP) in 2009. The redemption of the Series A Stock resulted in an acceleration of the remaining discount booked at the time of the CPP transaction. In connection with the repurchase of the Series A Stock, the Company also repurchased the warrant (the Warrant) to purchase 79,037 shares of the Company’s common stock that was originally issued to Treasury in connection with the CPP transaction for total consideration of $185,000.
On December 31, 2013, the Company redeemed all 7,000 outstanding shares of its Series C Preferred from the Treasury, in exercise of its optional redemption rights pursuant to the terms of the Series C Preferred under the Company’s charter and the SPA. The Company paid the Treasury $7,087,500 in connection with the redemption, representing $1,000 per
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share of the Series C Preferred plus all accrued and unpaid dividends through the date of the redemption. The obligations of the Company under the SPA are terminated as a result of the redemption. No shares of Series C Preferred remain outstanding.
On August 15, 2012, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the adoption of a program to effect repurchases of the Company’s common stock. Under the program, the Company was to repurchase up to five percent of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock, or approximately 479,850 shares based on the shares outstanding as of August 15, 2012, for the period beginning on August 15, 2012, and ending February 15, 2013. During 2012, the Company repurchased and retired a total of 58,100 shares at an average price of $8.41 for a total cost of $488,000. The stock repurchase program was suspended after the Company entered into the Merger Agreement with Visalia Community Bank on December 19, 2012. The Company had no stock repurchase plans in place during 2013 or 2014.
As of March 1, 2015, we had a total of 290 employees and 271 full time equivalent employees, including the employees of the Bank.
The Bank
The Bank was organized in 1979 and commenced business as a California state chartered bank in 1980. The deposits of the Bank are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the FDIC) up to applicable limits. The Bank is not a member of the Federal Reserve System.
The Bank operates 21 full-service banking offices in Clovis, Exeter, Fresno, Kerman, Lodi, Madera, Merced, Modesto, Oakhurst, Prather, Sacramento, Stockton, Tracy, and Visalia. The Oakhurst and Madera branches were added through the Bank of Madera County merger in 2005. The Tracy, Stockton and Lodi offices were added through the merger with Service 1 st Bank in November of 2008. The Exeter and Visalia offices were added through the Visalia Community Bank merger in 2013. The Bank has a Real Estate Division, an Agribusiness Center and an SBA Lending Division in Fresno. All real estate related transactions are conducted and processed through the Real Estate Division, including interim construction loans for single family residences and commercial buildings. We offer permanent single family residential loans through our mortgage broker services. Our total market share of deposits in Fresno, Madera, and Tulare counties were 4.81% in 2014 compared to 3.49% in 2013 based on FDIC deposit market share information published as of June 30, 2014.
The Bank of Madera County (BMC) was merged with and into the Bank on January 1, 2005. The transaction was a combination of cash and stock and was accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. BMC had two branches in Madera County which continue to be operated by the Bank.
In November of 2008, the Company acquired Service 1 st and its banking subsidiary, S1 Bank, adding three branches located in Tracy, Stockton and Lodi, California.
In 2009, we opened a new full service office in Merced, California and relocated our Oakhurst office to a new smaller facility in a more desirable location.
In 2010, the Company expanded the existing Modesto loan production office opened in 2007, to a larger full-service branch.
In 2013, the Company acquired Visalia Community Bank, adding four branches located in Exeter and Visalia, California.
Branch expansions provide the Company with opportunities to expand its loan and deposit base; however, based on past experience, management expects these new offices may initially have a negative impact on earnings until the volume of business grows to cover fixed overhead expenses. The Bank anticipates additional future branch openings to meet the growing service needs of its customers, although none are planned during 2015.
The Bank conducts a commercial banking business, which includes accepting demand, savings and time deposits and making commercial, real estate and consumer loans. It also provides domestic and international wire transfer services and provides safe deposit boxes and other customary banking services. The Bank also has offered Internet banking since 2000. Internet banking consists of inquiry, account status, bill paying, account transfers, and cash management. The Bank does not offer trust services or international banking services and does not currently plan to do so in the near future.
The Bank established an interest in Central Valley Community Insurance Services, LLC at the end of 2006. The purpose of this entity is to market health, commercial property and casualty insurance products and services primarily to business customers.
Since August of 1995 the Bank has been a party to an agreement with Investment Centers of America, pursuant to which Investment Centers of America provides Bank customers with access to investment services. In connection with entering into this agreement, the Bank adopted a policy intended to comply with FDIC Regulation Section 337.4, which outlines the guidelines under which an insured non-member bank may be affiliated with a company that directly engages in the sale, distribution, or underwriting of stocks, bonds, debentures, notes, or other securities.
The Bank’s operating policy since its inception has emphasized serving the banking needs of individuals and the business and professional communities in the central valley area of California. At December 31, 2014, we had total loans of $572,588,000. Total commercial and industrial loans outstanding were $89,007,000, total agricultural land and production loans outstanding were $39,140,000, total real estate construction and other land loans outstanding were $38,923,000; total other real estate loans outstanding were $347,704,000, total equity loans and lines of credit were $47,575,000 and total
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consumer installment loans outstanding were $10,093,000. We accept real estate, listed securities, savings and time deposits, automobiles, inventory, machinery and equipment as collateral for loans.
No individual or single group of related accounts is considered material in relation to the Bank’s assets or deposits, or in relation to the overall business of the Company. However, at December 31, 2014 approximately 75.9% of our loan portfolio held for investment consisted of real estate-related loans, including construction loans, equity loans and lines of credit and commercial loans secured by real estate and 22.3% consisted of commercial loans. See Item 7 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. We believe that these concentrations are mitigated by the diversification of our loan portfolio among commercial, real estate and consumer loans. In addition, our business activities currently are mainly concentrated in Fresno, Madera, Merced, Sacramento, San Joaquin, Stanislaus, and Tulare County, California. Consequently, our results of operations and financial condition are dependent upon the general trends in this part of the California economy and, in particular, the residential and commercial real estate markets. Further, our concentration of operations in this area of California exposes us to greater risk than other banking companies with a wider geographic base in the event of catastrophes, such as earthquakes, fires, droughts, and floods in this region, or as a result of energy shortages in California.
Our deposits are attracted from individual and commercial customers. A material portion of our deposits have not been obtained from a single person or a few persons, the loss of any one or more of which would not have a material adverse effect on our business.
In order to attract loan and deposit business from individuals and small businesses, we maintain the following lobby hours at our branches:
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Branch |  | Monday — Thursday |  | Friday |  | Saturday
Clovis Main |  | 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Drive Up 8:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. |  | 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Drive Up 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. |  | None
Fresno Downtown |  | 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Walk-up window 8:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. |  | 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Walk-up window 8:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. |  | None
Fig Garden Village |  | 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |  | 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. |  | 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m.
Herndon & Fowler |  | 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Drive Up 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. |  | 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Drive Up 8:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. |  | 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. Drive Up 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m.
River Park |  | 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Drive Up 9:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. |  | 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Drive Up 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. |  | 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. Drive Up 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m.
Sunnyside |  | 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Drive Up 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |  | 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Drive Up 8:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. |  | None
Kerman |  | 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Drive Up 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |  | 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Drive Up 8:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. |  | None
Lodi |  | 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |  | 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. |  | None
Madera |  | 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |  | 8:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. |  | None
Merced |  | 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |  | 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. |  | None
Modesto |  | 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Drive Up 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |  | 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Drive Up 8:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. |  | None
Oakhurst |  | 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |  | 8:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. |  | None
Prather (Foothill office) |  | 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |  | 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. |  | 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m.
Sacramento Private Banking |  | 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. |  | 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. |  | None
Stockton |  | 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |  | 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. |  | None
Tracy |  | 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |  | 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. |  | None
Exeter |  | 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Drive Up 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. |  | 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Drive Up 8:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. |  | None
Caldwell |  | 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Drive Up 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. |  | 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Drive Up 8:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. |  | 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. Drive Up 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m.
Floral |  | 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |  | 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. |  | None
Mission Oaks |  | 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Drive Up 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. |  | 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Drive Up 8:30 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. |  | None
Financial Drive |  | 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |  | 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |  | None

Automated teller machines operate at 19 branch locations. All operate 24 hours per day, seven days per week. No automated teller machines are currently located at the Sacramento office. Our Real Estate, Small Business Administration (SBA) Departments and Agribusiness office maintain business hours of 8:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M., Monday through Friday, and extended hours are available upon customer request.
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To compete effectively, we rely substantially on local promotional activity, personal contacts by our officers, directors and employees, referrals by our shareholders, extended hours, personalized service and our reputation in the communities we serve.
In Fresno and Madera Counties, in addition to our 12 full-service branch locations serving the Bank’s primary service areas, as of June 30, 2014 there were 155 operating banking and credit union offices in our primary service area, which consists of the cities of Clovis, Fresno, Kerman, Oakhurst, Madera, and Prather, California. Prather does not contain any banking offices other than our office. The June 2014 FDIC Summary of Deposits report indicated the Company had 4.87% of the total deposits held by all depositories in Fresno County and 7.97% in Madera County. In San Joaquin County, in addition to our three full service branch locations, as of June 30, 2014 there were 106 operating banking and credit union offices. The FDIC Summary of Deposits as of June 2014 report indicated the Company had 1.72% of total deposits held by all depositories in San Joaquin County. In Merced County, in addition to our one branch, as of June 30, 2014 there were 31 operating banking and credit union offices in our primary service area. In Sacramento County, in addition to our one branch, as of June 30, 2014 there were 230 operating banking and credit union offices in our primary service area. In Stanislaus County, in addition to our one branch, there were 92 operating banking and credit union offices in our primary service area. In Tulare County, in addition to our four branches there were 60 operating banking and credit union offices in our primary service area. Business activity in our primary service area is oriented toward light industry, small business and agriculture.
The banking business in California generally, and our primary service area specifically, is highly competitive with respect to both loans and deposits, and is dominated by a relatively small number of major banks with many offices operating over a wide geographic area. Among the advantages such major banks have over us is their ability to finance wide-ranging advertising campaigns and to allocate their investment assets, including loans, to regions of higher yield and demand. Major banks offer certain services such as international banking and trust services which we do not offer directly but which we usually can offer indirectly through correspondent institutions. In addition, by virtue of their greater total capitalization, such banks have substantially higher lending limits than we do. Legal lending limits to an individual customer are limited to a percentage of our total capital. As of December 31, 2014, the Bank’s legal lending limits to individual customers were $15,566,000 for unsecured loans and $25,943,000 for unsecured and secured loans combined. For borrowers desiring loans in excess of the Bank’s lending limits, the Bank makes, and may in the future make, such loans on a participation basis with other community banks taking the amount of loans in excess of the Bank’s lending limits. In other cases, the Bank may refer such borrowers to larger banks or other lending institutions.
Other entities, both governmental and in private industry, seeking to raise capital through the issuance and sale of debt or equity securities also provide competition for us in the acquisition of deposits. Banks also compete with money market funds and other money market instruments, which are not subject to interest rate ceilings. In recent years, increased competition has also developed from specialized finance and non-finance companies that offer wholesale finance, credit card, and other consumer finance services, including on-line banking services and personal finance software. Competition for deposit and loan products remains strong, from both banking and non-banking firms, and affects the rates of those products as well as the terms on which they are offered to customers.
Technological innovation continues to contribute to greater competition in domestic and international financial services markets. Technological innovation has, for example, made it possible for non-depository institutions to offer customers automated transfer payment services that previously have been traditional banking products. In addition, customers now expect a choice of several delivery systems and channels, including telephone, mail, home computer, ATMs, remote deposit, mobile banking applications, self-service branches, and in-store branches.
Mergers between financial institutions have placed additional pressure on banks to streamline their operations, reduce expenses, and increase revenues to remain competitive. In addition, competition has intensified due to federal and state interstate banking laws, which permit banking organizations to expand geographically with fewer restrictions than in the past. Such laws allow banks to merge with other banks across state lines, thereby enabling banks to establish or expand banking operations in our market. The competitive environment also is significantly impacted by federal and state legislation, which may make it easier for non-bank financial institutions to compete with us.
Statistical Disclosure
The information in the tables set out below should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, which are included in Items 7 and 8 of this annual report.
Distribution of Average Assets, Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity; Interest Rates and Interest Differential
Table A sets forth our average consolidated balance sheets for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 and an analysis of interest rates and the interest rate differential for the years then ended. Table B sets forth the changes in interest income and interest expense in 2014 and 2013 resulting from changes in volume and changes in rates.
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Investment Portfolio
The book value (amortized cost) of investment securities at December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 and the book value, maturities and weighted average yield of investment securities at December 31, 2014 are set forth in Table C.
Loan Portfolio
The composition of the loan portfolio at December 31, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, and 2010, is summarized in Table D. Maturities and sensitivity to changes in interest rates in the loan portfolio at December 31, 2014 are summarized in Table E. Table F shows the composition of nonaccrual, past due and restructured loans at December 31, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, and 2010. Set forth in the text accompanying Table F is a discussion of the Company’s policy for placing loans on nonaccrual status.
Summary of Loan Loss Experience
Table G sets forth an analysis of loan loss experience as of and for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, and 2010.
Set forth in the text accompanying Table G is a description of the factors which influenced management’s judgment in determining the amount of the additions to the allowance charged to operating expense in each fiscal year, a table showing the allocation of the allowance for credit losses to the various types of loans in the portfolio, as well as a discussion of management’s policy for establishing and maintaining the allowance for credit losses.
Deposits
Table H sets forth the average amount of and the average rate paid on major deposit categories for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012. Table I sets forth the maturity of time certificates of deposit of $100,000 or more at December 31, 2014.
Return on Equity and Assets
Table J sets forth certain financial ratios for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012.
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Table A
DISTRIBUTION OF AVERAGE ASSETS, LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’
EQUITY; INTEREST RATES AND INTEREST DIFFERENTIAL
The following table sets forth consolidated average assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity; interest income earned and interest expense paid; and the average yields earned or rates paid thereon for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012. The average balances reflect daily averages except nonaccrual loans, which were computed using quarterly averages.

|  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Average Interest Rate |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Average Interest Rate |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Average Interest Rate
ASSETS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-earning deposits in other banks |  | $ | 53,781 |  |  | $ | 175 |  |  | 0.32 | % |  | $ | 46,672 |  |  | $ | 164 |  |  | 0.35 | % |  | $ | 36,836 |  |  | $ | 108 |  |  | 0.29 | %
Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable securities |  | 296,014 |  |  | 5,538 |  |  | 1.87 | % |  | 235,487 |  |  | 2,375 |  |  | 1.01 | % |  | 218,325 |  |  | 3,289 |  |  | 1.51 | %
Non-taxable securities (1) |  | 163,778 |  |  | 8,837 |  |  | 5.40 | % |  | 163,494 |  |  | 8,755 |  |  | 5.35 | % |  | 113,039 |  |  | 6,830 |  |  | 6.04 | %
Total investment securities |  | 459,792 |  |  | 14,375 |  |  | 3.13 | % |  | 398,981 |  |  | 11,130 |  |  | 2.79 | % |  | 331,364 |  |  | 10,119 |  |  | 3.05 | %
Federal funds sold |  | 293 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 0.25 | % |  | 206 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 0.25 | % |  | 618 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 0.30 | %
Total securities and interest-earning deposits |  | 513,866 |  |  | 14,551 |  |  | 2.83 | % |  | 445,859 |  |  | 11,295 |  |  | 2.53 | % |  | 368,818 |  |  | 10,229 |  |  | 2.77 | %
Loans (2)(3) |  | 533,531 |  |  | 29,493 |  |  | 5.53 | % |  | 445,300 |  |  | 26,519 |  |  | 5.96 | % |  | 394,575 |  |  | 23,913 |  |  | 6.06 | %
Federal Home Loan Bank stock |  | 4,700 |  |  | 327 |  |  | 6.96 | % |  | 4,171 |  |  | 177 |  |  | 4.24 | % |  | 3,544 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 1.02 | %
Total interest-earning assets (1) |  | 1,052,097 |  |  | $ | 44,371 |  |  | 4.22 | % |  | 895,330 |  |  | $ | 37,991 |  |  | 4.24 | % |  | 766,937 |  |  | $ | 34,178 |  |  | 4.46 | %
Allowance for credit losses |  | (8,147 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (9,713 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (10,365 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonaccrual loans |  | 5,998 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9,183 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10,465 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other real estate owned |  | 36 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 919 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | 23,905 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21,296 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 19,525 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bank premises and equipment |  | 10,511 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,816 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,217 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other non-earning assets |  | 73,083 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 62,962 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 59,380 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total average assets |  | $ | 1,157,483 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 986,924 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 853,078 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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|  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Average Interest Rate |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Average Interest Rate |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Average Interest Rate
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings and NOW accounts |  | $ | 265,751 |  |  | $ | 241 |  |  | 0.09 | % |  | $ | 215,668 |  |  | $ | 291 |  |  | 0.13 | % |  | $ | 177,205 |  |  | $ | 302 |  |  | 0.17 | %
Money market accounts (MMA) |  | 229,769 |  |  | 174 |  |  | 0.08 | % |  | 193,833 |  |  | 229 |  |  | 0.12 | % |  | 178,734 |  |  | 392 |  |  | 0.22 | %
Time certificates of deposit, under $100,000 |  | 60,630 |  |  | 228 |  |  | 0.38 | % |  | 48,729 |  |  | 219 |  |  | 0.45 | % |  | 59,838 |  |  | 466 |  |  | 0.78 | %
Time certificates of deposit, $100,000 and over |  | 101,588 |  |  | 417 |  |  | 0.41 | % |  | 106,307 |  |  | 531 |  |  | 0.50 | % |  | 86,295 |  |  | 470 |  |  | 0.54 | %
Total interest-bearing deposits |  | 657,738 |  |  | 1,060 |  |  | 0.16 | % |  | 564,537 |  |  | 1,270 |  |  | 0.22 | % |  | 502,072 |  |  | 1,630 |  |  | 0.32 | %
Other borrowed funds |  | 5,155 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 1.83 | % |  | 5,645 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 2.05 | % |  | 9,156 |  |  | 253 |  |  | 2.76 | %
Total interest-bearing liabilities |  | 662,893 |  |  | $ | 1,156 |  |  | 0.17 | % |  | 570,182 |  |  | $ | 1,386 |  |  | 0.24 | % |  | 511,228 |  |  | $ | 1,883 |  |  | 0.37 | %
Non-interest bearing demand deposits |  | 348,822 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 283,956 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 217,529 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities |  | 15,354 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13,040 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9,760 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity |  | 130,414 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 119,746 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 114,561 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total average liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 1,157,483 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 986,924 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 853,078 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income and rate earned on average earning assets (1) |  |  |  |  | $ | 44,371 |  |  | 4.22 | % |  |  |  |  | $ | 37,991 |  |  | 4.24 | % |  |  |  |  | $ | 34,178 |  |  | 4.46 | %
Interest expense and interest cost related to average interest-bearing liabilities |  |  |  |  | 1,156 |  |  | 0.17 | % |  |  |  |  | 1,386 |  |  | 0.24 | % |  |  |  |  | 1,883 |  |  | 0.37 | %
Net interest income and net interest margin (4) |  |  |  |  | $ | 43,215 |  |  | 4.11 | % |  |  |  |  | $ | 36,605 |  |  | 4.09 | % |  |  |  |  | $ | 32,295 |  |  | 4.21 | %

(1) | Interest income is calculated on a fully tax equivalent basis, which includes Federal tax benefits relating to income earned on municipal bonds totaling $3,005, $2,977 and $2,322 in 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

(2) | Loan interest income includes loan fees of $272 in 2014, $320 in 2013, and $646 in 2012.

(3) | Average loans do not include nonaccrual loans.

(4) | Net interest margin is computed by dividing net interest income by total average interest-earning assets.

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Table B
VOLUME AND RATE ANALYSIS
The following table sets forth, for the years indicated, a summary of the changes in interest earned and interest paid resulting from changes in asset and liability volumes and changes in rates. The change in interest due to both volume and rate has been allocated to change due to volume and rate in proportion to the relationship of absolute dollar amounts of change in each.

|  | Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2014 Compared to 2013 |  | 2013 Compared to 2012
(In thousands) |  | Volume |  | Rate |  | Net |  | Volume |  | Rate |  | Net
Increase (decrease) due to changes in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-earning deposits in other banks |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | (10 | ) |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 56 |
Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable |  | 731 |  |  | 2,432 |  |  | 3,163 |  |  | 285 |  |  | (1,199 | ) |  | (914 | )
Non-taxable (1) |  | 15 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 2,583 |  |  | (658 | ) |  | 1,925 |
Total investment securities |  | 746 |  |  | 2,499 |  |  | 3,245 |  |  | 2,868 |  |  | (1,857 | ) |  | 1,011 |
Loans |  | 4,479 |  |  | (1,505 | ) |  | 2,974 |  |  | 3,012 |  |  | (406 | ) |  | 2,606 |
FHLB Stock |  | 25 |  |  | 125 |  |  | 150 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 134 |  |  | 141 |
Total earning assets (1) |  | 5,271 |  |  | 1,109 |  |  | 6,380 |  |  | 5,918 |  |  | (2,105 | ) |  | 3,813 |
Interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings, NOW and MMA |  | 169 |  |  | (274 | ) |  | (105 | ) |  | 132 |  |  | (306 | ) |  | (174 | )
Time certificates of deposit under $100,000 |  | 27 |  |  | (18 | ) |  | 9 |  |  | (75 | ) |  | (172 | ) |  | (247 | )
Time certificates of deposit $100,000 and over |  | (23 | ) |  | (91 | ) |  | (114 | ) |  | 95 |  |  | (34 | ) |  | 61 |
Total interest-bearing deposits |  | 173 |  |  | (383 | ) |  | (210 | ) |  | 152 |  |  | (512 | ) |  | (360 | )
Other borrowed funds |  | (10 | ) |  | (10 | ) |  | (20 | ) |  | (132 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | (137 | )
Total interest bearing liabilities |  | 163 |  |  | (393 | ) |  | (230 | ) |  | 20 |  |  | (517 | ) |  | (497 | )
Net interest income (1) |  | $ | 5,108 |  |  | $ | 1,502 |  |  | $ | 6,610 |  |  | $ | 5,898 |  |  | $ | (1,588 | ) |  | $ | 4,310 |

(1) | Computed on a tax equivalent basis for securities exempt from federal income taxes.

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Table C
INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO
The amortized cost of investment securities at December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 is set forth in the following table. At December 31, 2014, we held no investment securities from any issuer which totaled over 10% of our shareholders’ equity.

Available-for-Sale Securities |  | Amortized Cost at December 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
U.S. Government agencies |  | $ | 33,088 |  |  | $ | 18,172 |  |  | 9,443 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | 143,343 |  |  | 162,018 |  |  | 151,312 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies collateralized by residential mortgage obligations |  | 236,629 |  |  | 254,978 |  |  | 206,465 |
Private label residential mortgage backed securities |  | 3,079 |  |  | 4,344 |  |  | 6,258 |
Corporate debt securities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other equity securities |  | 7,500 |  |  | 7,596 |  |  | 7,596 |
Total Available-for-Sale Securities |  | $ | 423,639 |  |  | $ | 447,108 |  |  | $ | 381,074 |

Held-to-Maturity Securities |  | Amortized Cost at December 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | $ | 31,964 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

The amortized cost, maturities and weighted average yield of investment securities at December 31, 2014 are summarized in the following table.

(Dollars in thousands) |  | In one year or less |  | After one through five years |  | After five through ten years |  | After ten years |  | Total
Available-for-Sale Securities |  | Amount |  | Yield(1) |  | Amount |  | Yield(1) |  | Amount |  | Yield(1) |  | Amount |  | Yield(1) |  | Amount |  | Yield(1)
Debt securities(2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government agencies |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 2,359 |  |  | 2.45 | % |  | $ | 30,729 |  |  | 4.12 | % |  | $ | 33,088 |  |  | 4.00 | %
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,904 |  |  | 3.29 | % |  | 17,592 |  |  | 4.53 | % |  | 122,847 |  |  | 4.89 | % |  | 143,343 |  |  | 4.81 | %
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies collateralized by residential mortgage obligations |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,871 |  |  | 2.46 | % |  | 25,834 |  |  | 3.76 | % |  | 200,924 |  |  | 4.19 | % |  | 236,629 |  |  | 4.07 | %
Private label residential mortgage backed securities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 413 |  |  | 4.75 | % |  | 9 |  |  | 5.00 | % |  | 2,657 |  |  | 5.78 | % |  | 3,079 |  |  | 5.64 | %
Other equity securities |  | 7,500 |  |  | 2.18 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,500 |  |  | 2.18 | %
|  | $ | 7,500 |  |  | 2.18 | % |  | $ | 13,188 |  |  | 2.72 | % |  | $ | 45,794 |  |  | 3.99 | % |  | $ | 357,157 |  |  | 4.44 | % |  | $ | 423,639 |  |  | 4.33 | %

(Dollars in thousands) |  | In one year or less |  | After one through five years |  | After five through ten years |  | After ten years |  | Total
Held-to-Maturity Securities |  | Amount |  | Yield(1) |  | Amount |  | Yield(1) |  | Amount |  | Yield(1) |  | Amount |  | Yield(1) |  | Amount |  | Yield(1)
Debt securities(2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | $ | — |  |  | — | % |  | $ | — |  |  | — | % |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | 31,964 |  |  | 3.20 | % |  | 31,964 |  |  | 3.20 | %

(1) | Not computed on a tax equivalent basis.

(2) | Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because the issuers of the securities may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Expected maturities will also differ from contractual maturities due to unscheduled principal pay downs.

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Table D
LOAN PORTFOLIO
The composition of the loan portfolio at December 31, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, and 2010 is summarized in the table below.

(In thousands) |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  | 2010
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 89,007 |  |  | $ | 87,082 |  |  | $ | 77,956 |  |  | $ | 78,089 |  |  | $ | 81,318 |
Agricultural land and production |  | 39,140 |  |  | 31,649 |  |  | 26,599 |  |  | 29,958 |  |  | 20,604 |
Total commercial |  | 128,147 |  |  | 118,731 |  |  | 104,555 |  |  | 108,047 |  |  | 101,922 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | 176,804 |  |  | 156,781 |  |  | 114,444 |  |  | 113,183 |  |  | 111,888 |
Real estate construction and other land loans |  | 38,923 |  |  | 42,329 |  |  | 33,199 |  |  | 33,047 |  |  | 32,038 |
Commercial real estate |  | 106,788 |  |  | 86,117 |  |  | 53,797 |  |  | 62,523 |  |  | 63,627 |
Agricultural real estate |  | 57,501 |  |  | 44,164 |  |  | 28,400 |  |  | 42,596 |  |  | 44,397 |
Other real estate |  | 6,611 |  |  | 4,548 |  |  | 8,098 |  |  | 7,892 |  |  | 8,103 |
Total real estate |  | 386,627 |  |  | 333,939 |  |  | 237,938 |  |  | 259,241 |  |  | 260,053 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity loans and lines of credit |  | 47,575 |  |  | 48,594 |  |  | 42,932 |  |  | 51,106 |  |  | 58,860 |
Consumer and installment |  | 10,093 |  |  | 11,252 |  |  | 10,346 |  |  | 9,765 |  |  | 11,261 |
Total consumer |  | 57,668 |  |  | 59,846 |  |  | 53,278 |  |  | 60,871 |  |  | 70,121 |
Deferred loan costs (fees), net |  | 146 |  |  | (159 | ) |  | (453 | ) |  | (764 | ) |  | (499 | )
Total gross loans (1) |  | 572,588 |  |  | 512,357 |  |  | 395,318 |  |  | 427,395 |  |  | 431,597 |
Allowance for credit losses |  | (8,308 | ) |  | (9,208 | ) |  | (10,133 | ) |  | (11,396 | ) |  | (11,014 | )
Total (1) |  | $ | 564,280 |  |  | $ | 503,149 |  |  | $ | 385,185 |  |  | $ | 415,999 |  |  | $ | 420,583 |

|  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  | 2010
(1) Includes nonaccrual loans of: |  | $ | 14,052 |  |  | $ | 7,586 |  |  | $ | 9,695 |  |  | $ | 14,434 |  |  | $ | 18,561 |

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Table E
LOAN MATURITIES AND SENSITIVITY TO CHANGES IN INTEREST RATES
The following table presents information concerning loan maturities and sensitivity to changes in interest rates of the indicated categories of our loan portfolio, as well as loans in those categories maturing after one year that have fixed or floating interest rates at December 31, 2014.

(In thousands) |  | One Year or Less |  | After One Through Five Years |  | After Five Years |  | Total
Loan Maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and agricultural |  | $ | 85,382 |  |  | $ | 29,030 |  |  | $ | 13,735 |  |  | $ | 128,147 |
Real estate construction and other land loans |  | 35,551 |  |  | 2,854 |  |  | 518 |  |  | 38,923 |
Other real estate |  | 28,388 |  |  | 31,226 |  |  | 288,090 |  |  | 347,704 |
Consumer and installment |  | 14,270 |  |  | 8,302 |  |  | 35,096 |  |  | 57,668 |
|  | $ | 163,591 |  |  | $ | 71,412 |  |  | $ | 337,439 |  |  | $ | 572,442 |
Sensitivity to Changes in Interest Rates: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans with fixed interest rates |  | $ | 38,038 |  |  | $ | 36,969 |  |  | $ | 41,700 |  |  | $ | 116,707 |
Loans with floating interest rates (1) |  | 125,553 |  |  | 34,443 |  |  | 295,739 |  |  | 455,735 |
|  | $ | 163,591 |  |  | $ | 71,412 |  |  | $ | 337,439 |  |  | $ | 572,442 |

(In thousands) |  | One Year or Less |  | After One Through Five Years |  | After Five Years |  | Total
(1) Includes floating rate loans which are currently at their floor rate in accordance with their respective loan agreement |  | $ | 83,806 |  |  | $ | 20,306 |  |  | $ | 175,538 |  |  | $ | 279,650 |

Table F
COMPOSITION OF NONACCRUAL, PAST DUE AND RESTRUCTURED LOANS
A summary of nonaccrual, restructured and past due loans at December 31, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, and 2010 is set forth below:

|  | December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  | 2010
Nonaccrual |  | $ | 12,226 |  |  | $ | 2,991 |  |  | $ | 450 |  |  | $ | 3,833 |  |  | $ | 7,906 |
Restructured nonaccrual loans |  | 1,826 |  |  | 4,595 |  |  | 9,245 |  |  | 10,601 |  |  | 10,655 |
|  | $ | 14,052 |  |  | $ | 7,586 |  |  | $ | 9,695 |  |  | $ | 14,434 |  |  | $ | 18,561 |
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Accruing troubled debt restructurings |  | $ | 4,774 |  |  | $ | 5,771 |  |  | $ | 7,410 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Nonaccrual loans to total loans |  | 2.45 | % |  | 1.48 | % |  | 2.45 | % |  | 3.38 | % |  | 4.30 | %

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared on the accrual basis of accounting, including the recognition of interest income on loans. Interest income from nonaccrual loans is recorded only if collection of principal in full is not in doubt and when cash payments, if any, are received.
Loans are placed on nonaccrual status and any accrued but unpaid interest income is reversed and charged against income when the payment of interest or principal is 90 days or more past due. Loans in the nonaccrual category are treated as nonaccrual loans even though we may ultimately recover all or a portion of the interest due. These loans return to accrual status when the loan becomes contractually current, future collectability of amounts due is reasonably assured, and a minimum of six months of satisfactory principal repayment performance has occurred. As of December 31, 2014, nonaccrual loans totaled $14,052,000 and interest foregone on nonaccrual loans totaled $716,000 for the year then ended. As of December 31,
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2013, we had nonaccrual loans totaling $7,586,000 and interest foregone on nonaccrual loans totaled $661,000 for the year then ended. As of December 31, 2012, we had nonaccrual loans totaling $9,695,000 and interest foregone on nonaccrual loans totaled $693,000 for the year then ended. As of December 31, 2011, we had nonaccrual loans totaling $14,434,000 and interest foregone on nonaccrual loans totaled $954,000 for the year then ended. We had nonaccrual loans totaling $18,561,000 at December 31, 2010 and interest foregone on nonaccrual loans totaled $1,228,000 for the year then ended. See Note 5 of the Company’s audited Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Annual Report.
During the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company recorded a provision for credit losses of approximately $8.4 million in connection with the partial charge-off of a single commercial and agricultural relationship. The total charge-off related to this credit was $7.7 million. The remaining loan balance of $10,226,000, which management believes is adequately secured by real estate and various business assets, was placed on non-accrual status during the fourth quarter of 2014, and resulted in the reversal of unpaid interest and fees of $224,000. The Company believes this reduced loan balance is reasonably collectible, although further credit deterioration is possible. Management of the Company continues to work to minimize any future charge-offs related to this credit.
Included in nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2014 were three loans totaling $1,824,000 that were considered troubled debt restructurings (TDRs). None of these TDR loans were in default at December 31, 2014. There are no outstanding commitments to lend additional funds to any of these borrowers. Included in nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2013 were ten loans that totaled $4,595,000 that were considered to be TDRs at December 31, 2013. At December 31, 2012, the Company had seven loans totaling $9,245,000 that were on nonaccrual and considered TDR. The Company had six loans at December 31, 2011 totaling $10,601,000 that were considered to be TDRs. As of December 31, 2010, the Company had 12 loans totaling $10,655,000 that were on nonaccrual and considered TDR. See Note 5 of the Company’s audited Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Annual Report concerning our recorded investment in loans for which impairment has been recognized. Impaired loans are identified from internal credit review reports, past due reports, overdraft listings, and third party reports of examination. Borrowers experiencing problems such as operating losses, marginal working capital, inadequate cash flow or business interruptions which jeopardize collection of the loan are also reviewed for possible impairment classification.
A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due, including principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the original agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Loans determined to be impaired are individually evaluated for impairment. When a loan is impaired, the Company measures impairment based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, except that as a practical expedient, it may measure impairment based on a loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. A loan is collateral dependent if the repayment of the loan is expected to be provided solely by the underlying collateral. We perform quarterly internal reviews on substandard loans. We place loans on nonaccrual status and classify them as impaired when a reasonable doubt exists as to the collectability of interest and principal under the original contractual terms, or when loans are delinquent 90 days or more unless the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection. Management maintains certain loans that have been brought current by the borrower (less than 30 days delinquent) on nonaccrual status until such time as management has determined that the loans are likely to remain current in future periods. Foregone interest on nonaccrual loans totaled $716,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014 of which $139,000 was attributable to troubled debt restructurings. Foregone interest on nonaccrual loans was $661,000 and $693,000 for 2013 and 2012, respectively of which $279,000 and $669,000 was attributable to troubled debt restructurings, respectively.
Other than as discussed above, as of December 31, 2014, we had no loans where known information about possible credit problems of borrowers caused management to have serious doubts as to the ability of such borrowers to comply with the present loan repayment terms and which may result in disclosure of such loans as impaired loans.
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Table G
SUMMARY OF LOAN LOSS EXPERIENCE
The following table summarizes loan loss experience as of and for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, and 2010.

(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  | 2010
Loans outstanding at December 31, |  | $ | 572,442 |  |  | $ | 512,516 |  |  | $ | 395,771 |  |  | $ | 428,159 |  |  | $ | 432,096 |
Average loans outstanding during the year |  | $ | 539,529 |  |  | $ | 454,483 |  |  | $ | 405,040 |  |  | $ | 428,291 |  |  | $ | 455,340 |
Allowance for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of year |  | $ | 9,208 |  |  | $ | 10,133 |  |  | $ | 11,396 |  |  | $ | 11,014 |  |  | $ | 10,200 |
Deduct loans charged off: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | (7,423 | ) |  | (713 | ) |  | (123 | ) |  | (280 | ) |  | (1,938 | )
Agricultural land and production |  | (1,722 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Owner occupied |  | (183 | ) |  | (281 | ) |  | (217 | ) |  | — |  |  | (218 | )
Real estate construction and other land loans |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (319 | ) |  | (286 | ) |  | (823 | )
Commercial real estate |  | — |  |  | (4 | ) |  | (1,430 | ) |  | (26 | ) |  | (11 | )
Other real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (453 | )
Consumer loans |  | (506 | ) |  | (448 | ) |  | (761 | ) |  | (940 | ) |  | (679 | )
Total loans charged off |  | (9,834 | ) |  | (1,446 | ) |  | (2,850 | ) |  | (1,532 | ) |  | (4,122 | )
Add recoveries of loans previously charged off: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | 171 |  |  | 315 |  |  | 515 |  |  | 286 |  |  | 429 |
Owner occupied |  | 150 |  |  | — |  |  | 45 |  |  | — |  |  | 258 |
Real estate construction and other land loans |  | 364 |  |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | 52 |  |  | 42 |
Commercial real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 176 |  |  | — |
Other real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 81 |
Consumer loans |  | 264 |  |  | 190 |  |  | 327 |  |  | 350 |  |  | 326 |
Total recoveries |  | 949 |  |  | 521 |  |  | 887 |  |  | 864 |  |  | 1,136 |
Net charge offs |  | (8,885 | ) |  | (925 | ) |  | (1,963 | ) |  | (668 | ) |  | (2,986 | )
Add provision charged to operating expense |  | 7,985 |  |  | — |  |  | 700 |  |  | 1,050 |  |  | 3,800 |
Balance at end of year |  | $ | 8,308 |  |  | $ | 9,208 |  |  | $ | 10,133 |  |  | $ | 11,396 |  |  | $ | 11,014 |
Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of outstanding loan balance |  | 1.45 | % |  | 1.80 | % |  | 2.56 | % |  | 2.66 | % |  | 2.55 | %
Net charge offs to average loans outstanding |  | (1.65 | )% |  | (0.20 | )% |  | (0.48 | )% |  | (0.16 | )% |  | (0.66 | )%

Managing credits identified through the risk evaluation methodology includes developing a business strategy with the customer to mitigate our losses. Our management continues to monitor these credits with a view to identifying as early as possible when, and to what extent, additional provisions may be necessary.
The allowance for credit losses is reviewed at least quarterly by the Bank’s and our Board of Directors’ Audit/Compliance Committee. Reserves are allocated to loan portfolio segments using percentages which are based on both historical risk elements such as delinquencies and losses and predictive risk elements such as economic, competitive and environmental factors. We have adopted the specific reserve approach to allocate reserves to each impaired asset for the purpose of estimating potential loss exposure. Although the allowance for credit losses is allocated to various portfolio categories, it is general in nature and available for the loan portfolio in its entirety. Additions may be required based on the results of independent loan portfolio examinations, regulatory agency examinations, or our own internal review process. Additions are also required when, in management’s judgment, the reserve does not properly reflect the potential loss exposure.
During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $7,985,000. The amount of provision is primarily the result of our assessment of the overall adequacy of the allowance for credit losses considering a number of factors, including the increase or decrease in the volume of outstanding loans and the level of net charge offs during the year. The large provision in 2014 was recorded in connection with the partial charge off of a single commercial and agricultural relationship. No provision was added to the allowance for credit losses for the year ended
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December 31, 2013, and net charge-offs were $925,000. The provision for credit losses for the year ended December 31, 2012 was $700,000 and net charge-offs were $1,963,000. For 2011, the provision was $1,050,000 and net charge offs which were $668,000. During the year ended December 31, 2010, the provision was $3,800,000 and net charge offs were $2,986,000.
Using the criteria on the previous page, the allocation of the allowance for credit losses is set forth below:

|  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  | 2010
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Amount |  | Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans |  | Amount |  | Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans |  | Amount |  | Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans |  | Amount |  | Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans |  | Amount |  | Percent of Loans in Each Category to Total Loans
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 2,724 |  |  | 15.0 | % |  | $ | 1,872 |  |  | 16.4 | % |  | $ | 1,955 |  |  | 18.4 | % |  | $ | 1,853 |  |  | 16.8 | % |  | $ | 2,149 |  |  | 17.4 | %
Real estate construction, land development and other land loans |  | 837 |  |  | 6.8 | % |  | 1,289 |  |  | 8.3 | % |  | 1,035 |  |  | 8.4 | % |  | 2,954 |  |  | 7.7 | % |  | 1,791 |  |  | 7.4 | %
Real estate - other |  | 2,657 |  |  | 50.8 | % |  | 3,213 |  |  | 48.3 | % |  | 4,196 |  |  | 44.5 | % |  | 3,712 |  |  | 42.8 | % |  | 3,579 |  |  | 42.5 | %
Equity loans and lines of credit |  | 811 |  |  | 8.3 | % |  | 874 |  |  | 9.5 | % |  | 1,158 |  |  | 10.9 | % |  | 1,419 |  |  | 12.0 | % |  | 1,975 |  |  | 13.6 | %
Loans to finance agricultural and other loans to farmers |  | 941 |  |  | 16.8 | % |  | 1,189 |  |  | 14.7 | % |  | 1,251 |  |  | 13.9 | % |  | 831 |  |  | 16.9 | % |  | 674 |  |  | 15.1 | %
Loans to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures and other loans |  | 267 |  |  | 1.8 | % |  | 295 |  |  | 2.2 | % |  | 383 |  |  | 2.6 | % |  | 417 |  |  | 2.3 | % |  | 528 |  |  | 2.6 | %
Other |  | 29 |  |  | 0.5 | % |  | 54 |  |  | 0.6 | % |  | 116 |  |  | 1.3 | % |  | 71 |  |  | 1.5 | % |  | 80 |  |  | 1.4 | %
Unallocated reserve |  | 42 |  |  | — |  |  | 422 |  |  | — |  |  | 39 |  |  | — |  |  | 139 |  |  | — |  |  | 238 |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 8,308 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 9,208 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 10,133 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 11,396 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 11,014 |  |  | 100.0 | %

Loans are charged to the allowance for credit losses when the loans are deemed uncollectible. It is the policy of management to make additions to the allowance so that it remains adequate to cover all probable loan charge offs that exist in the portfolio at that time. We assign qualitative and environmental factors (Q factors) to each loan category. Q factors include reserves held for the effects of lending policies, economic trends, and portfolio trends along with other dynamics which may cause additional stress to the portfolio.
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Table H
DEPOSITS
We have no known foreign deposits. The following table sets forth the average amount of and the average rate paid on certain deposit categories which were in excess of 10% of average total deposits for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012.

|  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Balance |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Rate |  | Balance |  | Rate
NOW accounts |  | $ | 197,630 |  |  | 0.11 | % |  | $ | 163,034 |  |  | 0.15 | % |  | $ | 142,231 |  |  | 0.19 | %
Money market accounts |  | $ | 229,769 |  |  | 0.08 | % |  | $ | 193,833 |  |  | 0.12 | % |  | $ | 178,734 |  |  | 0.22 | %
Time certificates of deposit |  | $ | 162,218 |  |  | 0.40 | % |  | $ | 155,036 |  |  | 0.48 | % |  | $ | 146,133 |  |  | 0.64 | %
Non-interest bearing demand |  | $ | 348,822 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 283,956 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 217,529 |  |  | — |
Total deposits |  | $ | 1,006,560 |  |  | 0.11 | % |  | $ | 848,493 |  |  | 0.15 | % |  | $ | 719,601 |  |  | 0.23 | %

Table I
TIME DEPOSITS
The following table sets forth the maturity of time certificates of deposit and other time deposits of $100,000 or more at December 31, 2014.

(In thousands) |
Three months or less | $ | 38,307 |
Over 3 through 6 months | 19,419 |
Over 6 through 12 months | 28,697 |
Over 12 months | 17,517 |
| $ | 103,940 |

Table J
FINANCIAL RATIOS
The following table sets forth certain financial ratios for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012.

| 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Net income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
To average assets | 0.46 | % |  | 0.84 | % |  | 0.88 | %
To average shareholders’ equity | 4.06 | % |  | 6.89 | % |  | 6.56 | %
Dividends declared per share to net income per share | 41.67 | % |  | 26.32 | % |  | 6.33 | %
Average shareholders’ equity to average assets | 11.27 | % |  | 12.13 | % |  | 13.43 | %

Supervision and Regulation
GENERAL
The banking and financial services businesses in which we engage are highly regulated. Such regulation is intended, among other things, to protect depositors whose deposits are insured by the FDIC and the banking system as a whole. The monetary and fiscal policies of the federal government and the policies of regulatory agencies, particularly the Board of Governors, also influence the commercial banking business. The Board of Governors implements national monetary policies (with objectives such as curbing inflation and combating recession) by its open-market operations in United States Government securities, by adjusting the required level of reserves for financial intermediaries subject to its reserve requirements and by varying the discount rates applicable to borrowings by depository institutions. The actions of the Board of Governors in these
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areas influence the growth of bank loans, investments and deposits and also affect interest rates charged on loans and paid on deposits. Indirectly such actions may also affect the ability of non-bank financial institutions to compete with the Bank. The nature and impact of any future changes in monetary policies cannot be predicted.
The laws, regulations, and policies affecting financial services businesses are continuously under review by Congress and state legislatures, and federal and state regulatory agencies. From time to time, legislation is enacted which has the effect of increasing the cost of doing business, limiting or expanding permissible activities or affecting the competitive balance between banks and other financial intermediaries. Proposals to change the laws and regulations governing the operations and taxation of banks, bank holding companies and other financial intermediaries are frequently made in Congress, in the California legislature and before various bank regulatory and other professional agencies. Changes in the laws, regulations or policies that affect us cannot necessarily be predicted, but they may have a material effect on our business and earnings.
BANK HOLDING COMPANY REGULATION
The Company, as a bank holding company, is subject to regulation under the BHC Act, and is subject to the supervision and examination of the Board of Governors. Pursuant to the BHC Act, we are required to obtain the prior approval of the Board of Governors before we may acquire all or substantially all of the assets of any bank, or ownership or control of voting shares of any bank if, after giving effect to such acquisition, we would own or control, directly or indirectly, more than five percent of such bank.
Under the BHC Act, we may not engage in any business other than managing or controlling banks or furnishing services to our subsidiaries that the Board of Governors deems to be so closely related to banking as to be a proper incident to banking. We are also prohibited, with certain exceptions, from acquiring direct or indirect ownership or control of more than five percent of the voting shares of any company unless the company is engaged in banking activities or the Board of Governors determines that the activity is so closely related to banking to be a proper incident to banking. The Board of Governors’ approval must be obtained before the shares of any such company can be acquired and, in certain cases, before any approved company can open new offices.
The BHC Act and regulations of the Board of Governors also impose certain constraints on the redemption or purchase by a bank holding company of its own shares of stock.
Our earnings and activities are affected by legislation, by actions of regulators, and by local legislative and administrative bodies and decisions of courts in the jurisdictions in which both the Company and the Bank conduct business. For example, these include limitations on the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to the Company and the ability of the Company to pay dividends to its shareholders. It is the policy of the Board of Governors that bank holding companies should pay cash dividends on common stock only out of income available over the past year and only if prospective earnings retention is consistent with the organization’s expected future needs and financial condition. The policy provides that bank holding companies should not maintain a level of cash dividends that undermines the bank holding company’s ability to serve as a source of strength to its banking subsidiaries. Various federal and state statutory provisions limit the amount of dividends that subsidiary banks can pay to their holding companies without regulatory approval. In addition to these explicit limitations, the federal regulatory agencies are authorized to prohibit a banking subsidiary or bank holding company from engaging in an unsafe or unsound banking practice. Depending upon the circumstances, the agencies could take the position that paying a dividend would constitute an unsafe or unsound banking practice.
In addition, banking subsidiaries of bank holding companies are subject to certain restrictions imposed by federal law in dealings with their holding companies and other affiliates. Subject to certain exceptions set forth in the Federal Reserve Act and Regulation W, a bank can make a loan or extend credit to an affiliate, purchase or invest in the securities of an affiliate, purchase assets from an affiliate, accept securities of an affiliate as collateral security for a loan or extension of credit to any person or company, issue a guarantee, or accept letters of credit on behalf of an affiliate only if the aggregate amount of the above transactions of such subsidiary does not exceed 10 percent of such subsidiary’s capital stock and surplus on a per affiliate basis or 20 percent of such subsidiary’s capital stock and surplus on an aggregate affiliate basis. Such transactions must be on terms and conditions that are consistent with safe and sound banking practices. A bank and its subsidiaries generally may not purchase a “low-quality asset,” as that term is defined in the Federal Reserve Act, from an affiliate. Such restrictions also generally prevent a holding company and its other affiliates from borrowing from a banking subsidiary of the holding company unless the loans are secured by collateral.
A holding company and its banking subsidiaries are prohibited from engaging in certain tie-in arrangements in connection with any extension of credit, sale or lease of property or provision of services. For example, with certain exceptions a bank may not condition an extension of credit on a customer obtaining other services provided by it, a holding company or any of its other bank affiliates, or on a promise by the customer not to obtain other services from a competitor.
The Board of Governors has cease and desist powers over parent bank holding companies and non-banking subsidiaries where actions of a parent bank holding company or its non-financial institution subsidiaries represent an unsafe or unsound practice or violation of law. The Board of Governors has the authority to regulate debt obligations (other than commercial paper) issued by bank holding companies by imposing interest ceilings and reserve requirements on such debt obligations.
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We are also a bank holding company within the meaning of Section 3700 of the California Financial Code. As such, we and our subsidiaries are subject to examination by the Department of Business Oversight (DBO).
Further, we are required by the Board of Governors to maintain certain capital levels. See “Capital Standards.”
REGULATION OF THE BANK
Banks are extensively regulated under both federal and state law. The Bank, as a California state-chartered bank, is subject to primary supervision, regulation and periodic examination by the DBO and the FDIC. The Bank is not a member of the Federal Reserve System, but is nevertheless subject to certain regulations of the Board of Governors.
If, as a result of an examination of a bank, the FDIC should determine that the financial condition, capital resources, asset quality, earnings prospects, management, liquidity, or other aspects of the Bank’s operations are unsatisfactory or that the Bank or its management is violating or has violated any law or regulation, various remedies are available to the FDIC. Such remedies include the power to enjoin “unsafe or unsound” practices, to require affirmative action to correct any conditions resulting from any violation or practice, to issue an administrative order that can be judicially enforced, to direct an increase in capital, to restrict the growth of the Bank, to assess civil monetary penalties, to remove officers and directors, and ultimately to terminate the Bank’s deposit insurance, which for a California chartered bank would result in a revocation of the Bank’s charter. The DBO has many of the same remedial powers.
The Bank is a member of the FDIC, which currently insures customer deposits in each member bank to a maximum of $250,000 per depositor. For this protection, the Bank is subject to the rules and regulations of the FDIC, and, as is the case with all insured banks, may be required to pay a semi-annual statutory assessment. All of a depositors’ accounts at an insured depository institution, including all non-interest bearing transactions accounts, will be insured by the FDIC up to the standard maximum deposit insurance amount of ($250,000) for each deposit insurance ownership category.
Various requirements and restrictions under the laws of the State of California and the United States affect the operations of the Bank. State and federal statutes and regulations relate to many aspects of the Bank’s operations, including standards for safety and soundness, reserves against deposits, interest rates payable on deposits, loans, investments, mergers and acquisitions, borrowings, dividends, locations of branch offices, fair lending requirements, Community Reinvestment Act activities, and loans to affiliates.
PAYMENT OF DIVIDENDS
THE COMPANY
Our shareholders are entitled to receive dividends when and as declared by our Board of Directors, out of funds legally available, subject to the dividends preference, if any, on preferred shares that may be outstanding, and also subject to the restrictions of the California Corporations Code. See Note 14 of the Company’s audited Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Annual Report concerning preferred stock issued through the Small Business Lending Fund of the United States Department of the Treasury on August 18, 2011 and preferred stock and common stock issued pursuant to Stock Purchase Agreements with accredited private investors.
The principal source of cash revenue to the Company is dividends received from the Bank. The Bank’s ability to make dividend payments to the Company is subject to state and federal regulatory restrictions.
THE BANK
Dividends payable by the Bank to the Company are restricted under California law to the lesser of the Bank’s retained earnings, or the Bank’s net income for the latest three fiscal years, less dividends paid during that period, or, with the approval of the DBO, to the greater of the retained earnings of the Bank, the net income of the Bank for its last fiscal year or the net income of the Bank for its current fiscal year.
In addition to the regulations concerning minimum uniform capital adequacy requirements described below, the FDIC has established guidelines regarding the maintenance of an adequate allowance for credit losses. Therefore, the future payment of cash dividends by the Bank will generally depend, in addition to regulatory constraints, upon the Bank’s earnings during any fiscal period, the assessment of the Board of Directors of the capital requirements of the Bank and other factors, including the maintenance of an adequate allowance for credit losses.
CAPITAL STANDARDS
Banks and bank holding companies are subject to various capital requirements administered by state and federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators about components, risk weighting and other factors.
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The Board of Governors, the FDIC and other federal banking agencies have issued risk-based capital adequacy guidelines intended to provide a measure of capital adequacy that reflects the degree of risk associated with a banking organization’s operations for both transactions reported on the balance sheet as assets, and transactions, such as letters of credit and recourse arrangements, which are reported as off-balance-sheet items. Under these guidelines, nominal dollar amounts of assets and credit equivalent amounts of off-balance-sheet items are multiplied by one of several risk adjustment percentages, which range from 0% for assets with low credit risk, such as certain U.S. government securities, to 100% for assets with relatively higher credit risk, such as business loans.
A banking organization’s risk-based capital ratios are obtained by dividing its qualifying capital by its total risk-adjusted assets and off-balance-sheet items. The regulators measure risk-adjusted assets and off-balance-sheet items against both total qualifying capital (the sum of Tier 1 capital and limited amounts of Tier 2 capital) and Tier 1 capital. Tier 1 capital consists of common stock, retained earnings, noncumulative perpetual preferred stock and minority interests in certain subsidiaries, less most other intangible assets. Tier 2 capital may consist of a limited amount of the allowance for possible loan and lease losses and certain other instruments with some characteristics of equity. The inclusion of elements of Tier 2 capital is subject to certain other requirements and limitations of the federal banking agencies. Since December 31, 1992, the federal banking agencies have required a minimum ratio of qualifying total capital to risk-adjusted assets and off-balance-sheet items of 8%, and a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-adjusted assets and off-balance-sheet items of 4%.
In addition to the risk-based guidelines, federal banking regulators require banking organizations to maintain a minimum amount of Tier 1 capital to average total assets, referred to as the leverage ratio. For a banking organization rated in the highest of the five categories used by regulators to rate banking organizations, the minimum leverage ratio of Tier 1 capital to total assets is 3%. It is improbable, however, that an institution with a 3% leverage ratio would receive the highest rating by the regulators since a strong capital position is a significant part of the regulators’ rating. For all banking organizations not rated in the highest category, the minimum leverage ratio is at least 100 to 200 basis points above the 3% minimum. Thus, the effective minimum leverage ratio, for all practical purposes, is at least 4% or 5%. In addition to these uniform risk-based capital guidelines and leverage ratios that apply across the industry, the regulators have the discretion to set individual minimum capital requirements for specific institutions at rates significantly above the minimum guidelines and ratios.
A bank that does not achieve and maintain the required capital levels may be issued a capital directive by the FDIC to ensure the maintenance of required capital levels. As discussed above, the Company and the Bank are required to maintain certain levels of capital. The regulatory capital guidelines as well as the actual capitalization for the Bank and the Company on a consolidated basis as of December 31, 2014 are as follows:

| Requirement |  | Actual
| Adequately Capitalized |  | For the Bank to be Well Capitalized |  | Bank |  | Company
Total risk-based capital ratio | 8.00 | % |  | 10.00 | % |  | 14.80 | % |  | 14.88 | %
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio | 4.00 | % |  | 6.00 | % |  | 13.59 | % |  | 13.67 | %
Tier 1 leverage capital ratio | 4.00 | % |  | 5.00 | % |  | 8.31 | % |  | 8.36 | %

In December 2010, the i nternal Basel Committee on Bank Supervision (“Basel Committee”) released its final framework for strengthening international capital and liquidity regulation, now officially identified as “Basel III,” which, when fully phased-in, would require bank holding companies and their bank subsidiaries to maintain substantially more capital than currently required, with a greater emphasis on common equity. The Basel III capital framework, among other things:

• | introduces as a new capital measure, Common Equity Tier 1 (“CET1”), more commonly known in the United States as “Tier 1 Common,” and defines CET1 narrowly by requiring that most adjustments to regulatory capital measures be made to CET1 and not to the other components of capital, and expands the scope of the adjustments as compared to existing regulations;

• | when fully phased in, requires banks to maintain: (i) a newly adopted international standard, a minimum ratio of CET1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 4.5%, plus a 2.5% “capital conservation buffer” (which is added to the 4.5% CET1 ratio as that buffer is phased in, effectively resulting in a minimum ratio of CET1 to risk-weighted assets of at least 7%); (ii) an additional “SIFI buffer” for those large institutions deemed to be systemically important, ranging from 1.0% to 2.5%, and up to 3.5% under certain conditions; (iii) a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 6.0%, plus the capital conservation buffer (which is added to the 6.0% Tier 1 capital ratio as that buffer is phased in, effectively resulting in a minimum Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5% upon full implementation); (iv) a minimum ratio of Total (that is, Tier 1 plus Tier 2) capital to risk-weighted assets of at least 8.0%, plus the capital conservation buffer (which is added to the 8.0% total capital ratio as that buffer is phased in, effectively resulting in a minimum total capital ratio of 10.5% upon full implementation); and (v) as a newly adopted international standard, a minimum leverage ratio of 3%, calculated as the ratio of Tier 1 capital to balance sheet exposures plus certain off-balance sheet exposures (as the average for each quarter of the month-end ratios for the quarter); and

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• | an additional “countercyclical capital buffer,” generally to be imposed when national regulators determine that excess aggregate credit growth becomes associated with a buildup of systemic risk, that would be a CET1 add-on to the capital conservation buffer in the range of 0% to 2.5% when fully implemented.

In July 2013, the U.S. banking agencies approved the U.S. version of Basel III. The federal bank regulatory agencies adopted version of Basel III revises the risk-based and leverage capital requirements and the method for calculating risk-weighted assets to make them consistent with Basel III and to meet the requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act. Although many of the rules contained in these final regulations are applicable only to large, internationally active banks, some of them will apply on a phased in basis to all banking organizations, including the Company and the Bank. Among other things, the rules establish a new minimum common equity Tier 1 ratio (4.5% of risk-weighted assets), a higher minimum Tier 1 risk-based capital requirement (6.0% of risk-weighted assets) and a minimum non-risk-based leverage ratio (4.00% eliminating a 3.00% exception for higher rated banks). The new additional capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk weighted assets over each of the required capital ratios will be phased in from 2016 to 2019 and must be met to avoid limitations on the ability of the Company and the Bank to pay dividends, repurchase shares or pay discretionary bonuses. The additional “countercyclical capital buffer” is also required for larger and more complex institutions. The new rules assign higher risk weighting to exposures that are more than 90 days past due or are on nonaccrual status and certain commercial real estate facilities that finance the acquisition, development or construction of real property. The rules also change the permitted composition of Tier 1 capital to exclude trust preferred securities, mortgage servicing rights and certain deferred tax assets and include unrealized gains and losses on available for sale debt and equity securities (with a one-time opt out option for Standardized Banks (banks with less than $250 billion of total consolidated assets and less than $10 billion of foreign exposures) which the Company and the Bank intend to exercise). The rules, including alternative requirements for smaller community financial institutions like the Company and the Bank, would be phased in through 2019. The implementation of the Basel III framework commenced on January 1, 2015. The Company has reviewed and will continue to evaluate the new Basel III regulatory capital requirements.
VOLCKER RULE
The final rules adopted on December 10, 2013, to implement a part of the Dodd-Frank Act commonly referred to as the “Volcker Rule”, would prohibit insured depository institutions and companies affiliated with insured depository institutions (“banking entities”) from engaging in short-term proprietary trading of certain securities, derivatives, commodity futures and options on these instruments, for their own account. The final rules also impose limits on banking entities’ investments in, and other relationships with, hedge funds or private equity funds. These rules became effective on April 1, 2014. Certain collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), securities backed by trust preferred securities which were initially defined as covered funds subject to the investment prohibitions, have been exempted to address the concern that many community banks holding such CDOs securities may have been required to recognize significant losses on those securities.
Like the Dodd-Frank Act, the final rules provide exemptions for certain activities, including market making, underwriting, hedging, trading in government obligations, insurance company activities, and organizing and offering hedge funds or private equity funds. The final rules also clarify that certain activities are not prohibited, including acting as agent, broker, or custodian.
The compliance requirements under the final rules vary based on the size of the banking entity and the scope of activities conducted. Banking entities with significant trading operations will be required to establish a detailed compliance program and their CEOs will be required to attest that the program is reasonably designed to achieve compliance with the final rule. Independent testing and analysis of an institution’s compliance program will also be required. The final rules reduce the burden on smaller, less-complex institutions by limiting their compliance and reporting requirements. Additionally, a banking entity that does not engage in covered trading activities will not need to establish a compliance program. The Company and the Bank held no investment positions at December 31, 2014 that were subject to the final rule. Therefore, while these new rules may require us to conduct certain internal analysis and reporting, we believe that they will not require any material changes in our operations or business.
USA PATRIOT ACT
On October 26, 2001, President Bush signed the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism (USA PATRIOT) Act of 2001. The USA PATRIOT Act also made significant changes to the Bank Secrecy Act. Under the USA PATRIOT Act, financial institutions are subject to prohibitions against specified financial transactions and account relationships as well as enhanced due diligence and of identifying customers when establishing new relationships and standards in their dealings with foreign financial institutions and foreign customers. For example, the enhanced due diligence policies, procedures, and controls generally require financial institutions to take reasonable steps:
* To conduct enhanced scrutiny of account relationships to guard against money laundering and report any suspicious transaction;
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* To ascertain the identity of the nominal and beneficial owners of, and the source of funds deposited into, each account as needed to guard against money laundering and report any suspicious transactions;
* To ascertain for any foreign bank, the shares of which are not publicly traded, the identity of the owners of the foreign bank, and the nature and extent of the ownership interest of each such owner; and
* To ascertain whether any foreign bank provides correspondent accounts to other foreign banks and, if so, the identity of those foreign banks and related due diligence information.
Under the USA PATRIOT Act, financial institutions are to establish anti-money laundering programs to enhance their Bank Secrecy Act program. The USA PATRIOT Act sets forth minimum standards for these programs, including:
* The development of internal policies, procedures, and controls;
* The designation of a compliance officer;
* An ongoing employee training program; and
* An independent audit function to test the programs.
Bank management believes that the Bank is currently in compliance with the US PATRIOT Act.
FINANCIAL SERVICES MODERNIZATION LEGISLATION
On November 12, 1999, President Clinton signed into law the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, also known as the Financial Services Modernization Act. This legislation eliminated many of the barriers that have separated the insurance, securities and banking industries since the Great Depression. The federal banking agencies (the Board of Governors, FDIC and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency) among others, continue to draft regulations to implement the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act is the result of a decade of debate in the Congress regarding a fundamental reformation of the nation’s financial system. The law is subdivided into seven titles, by functional area.
The major provisions of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act are:
FINANCIAL HOLDING COMPANIES AND FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES. Title I establishes a comprehensive framework to permit affiliations among commercial banks, insurance companies, securities firms, and other financial service providers by revising and expanding the BHC Act framework to permit a holding company system to engage in a full range of financial activities through qualification as a new entity known as a financial holding company.
Final regulations adopted by the FDIC in January 2001, in the form of amendments to Part 362 of the FDIC rules and regulations, provide the framework for subsidiaries of state nonmember banks to engage in financial activities that the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act permits national banks to conduct through a financial subsidiary.
Activities permissible for financial subsidiaries of national banks, and, pursuant to Section 362 of the FDIC rules and regulations, also permissible for financial subsidiaries of state nonmember banks, include, but are not limited to, the following: (a) Lending, exchanging, transferring, investing for others, or safeguarding money or securities; (b) Insuring, guaranteeing, or indemnifying against loss, harm, damage, illness, disability, or death, or providing and issuing annuities, and acting as principal, agent, or broker for purposes of the foregoing, in any State; (c) Providing financial, investment, or economic advisory services, including advising an investment company; (d) Issuing or selling instruments representing interests in pools of assets permissible for a bank to hold directly; and (e) Underwriting, dealing in, or making a market in securities.
SECURITIES ACTIVITIES. Title II narrows the exemptions from the securities laws previously enjoyed by banks and creates a new, voluntary investment bank holding company. The Board of Governors and the SEC continue to work together to draft rules governing certain securities activities of banks.
INSURANCE ACTIVITIES. Title III restates the proposition that the states are the functional regulators for all insurance activities, including the insurance activities of federally-chartered banks, and bars the states from prohibiting insurance activities by depository institutions.
PRIVACY. Under Title V, federal banking regulators were required to adopt rules that have limited the ability of banks and other financial institutions to disclose non-public information about consumers to nonaffiliated third parties. These limitations require disclosure of privacy policies to consumers and, in some circumstances, allow consumers to prevent disclosure of certain personal information to a nonaffiliated third party. Federal banking regulators issued final rules on May 10, 2000 to implement the privacy provisions of Title V. Under the rules, financial institutions must provide:
* initial notices to customers about their privacy policies, describing the conditions under which they may disclose nonpublic personal information to nonaffiliated third parties and affiliates;
* annual notices of their privacy policies to current customers; and
* a reasonable method for customers to “opt out” of disclosures to nonaffiliated third parties.
Compliance with these rules was mandatory after July 1, 2001. The Company and the Bank were in full compliance with the rules as of or prior to their respective effective dates.
SAFEGUARDING CONFIDENTIAL CUSTOMER INFORMATION. Under Title V, federal banking regulators are required to adopt rules requiring financial institutions to implement a program to protect confidential customer information. In January 2000, the federal banking agencies adopted guidelines requiring financial institutions to establish an information security program.
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The Bank implemented a security program appropriate to its size and complexity and the nature and scope of its operations prior to the July 1, 2001 effective date of the regulatory guidelines, and since initial implementation has, as necessary, updated and improved that program.
COMMUNITY REINVESTMENT ACT SUNSHINE REQUIREMENTS. The federal banking agencies have adopted final regulations implementing Section 711 of Title VII of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, the Sunshine Requirements. The regulations require nongovernmental entities or persons and insured depository institutions and affiliates that are parties to written agreements made in connection with the fulfillment of the institution’s CRA obligations to make available to the public and the federal banking agencies a copy of each agreement. Neither the Company nor the Bank is a party to any agreement that would be the subject of reporting pursuant to the CRA Sunshine Requirements.
The Company continues to evaluate the strategic opportunities presented by the broad powers granted to bank holding companies that elect to be treated as financial holding companies. In the event that the Company determines that access to the broader powers of a financial holding company is in the best interests of the Company, its shareholders and the Bank, the Company will file the appropriate election with the Board of Governors.
The Company and the Bank intend to comply with all provisions of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act and all implementing regulations as they become effective.
CONSUMER PROTECTION LAWS AND REGULATIONS
The bank regulatory agencies are focusing greater attention on compliance with consumer protection laws and their implementing regulations. Examination and enforcement have become more intense in nature, and insured institutions have been advised to monitor carefully compliance with such laws and regulations. The Dodd-Frank Act transferred rulemaking authority for many consumer protection laws from various Federal agencies to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). The Bank is subject to many federal consumer protection statutes and regulations, some of which are discussed below.
The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) is intended to encourage insured depository institutions, while operating safely and soundly, to help meet the credit needs of their communities. The CRA specifically directs the federal regulatory agencies, in examining insured depository institutions, to assess a bank’s record of helping meet the credit needs of its entire community, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods, consistent with safe and sound banking practices. The CRA further requires the agencies to take a financial institution’s record of meeting its community credit needs into account when evaluating applications for, among other things, domestic branches, mergers or acquisitions, or holding company formations. The agencies use the CRA assessment factors in order to provide a rating to the financial institution. The ratings range from a high of “outstanding” to a low of “substantial noncompliance.” The Bank was last examined for CRA compliance by its primary regulator, the FDIC, as of February 2013.
The Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) generally prohibits discrimination in any credit transaction, whether for consumer or business purposes, on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, age, receipt of income from public assistance programs, or good faith exercise of any rights under the Consumer Credit Protection Act.
The Truth in Lending Act (TILA) is designed to ensure that credit terms are disclosed in a meaningful way so that consumers may compare credit terms more readily and knowledgeably. As a result of the TILA, all creditors must use the same credit terminology to express rates and payments, including the annual percentage rate, the finance charge, the amount financed, the total of payments and the payment schedule, among other things.
The Fair Housing Act (FH Act) regulates many practices, including making it unlawful for any lender to discriminate in its housing-related lending activities against any person because of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, handicap or familial status. A number of lending practices have been found by the courts to be, or may be considered, illegal under the FH Act, including some that are not specifically mentioned in the FH Act itself.
The Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) grew out of public concern over credit shortages in certain urban neighborhoods and provides public information that will help show whether financial institutions are serving the housing credit needs of the neighborhoods and communities in which they are located. The HMDA also includes a “fair lending” aspect that requires the collection and disclosure of data about applicant and borrower characteristics as a way of identifying possible discriminatory lending patterns and enforcing anti-discrimination statutes.
Finally, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) requires lenders to provide borrowers with disclosures regarding the nature and cost of real estate settlements. Also, RESPA prohibits certain abusive practices, such as kickbacks, and places limitations on the amount of escrow accounts. Penalties under the above laws may include fines, reimbursements and other civil money penalties.
Due to heightened regulatory concern related to compliance with the CRA, TILA, FH Act, ECOA, HMDA and RESPA generally, the Bank may incur additional compliance costs or be required to expend additional funds for investments in its local community.
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CALIFORNIA FINANCIAL INFORMATION PRIVACY ACT/FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT
In 1970, the Federal Fair Credit Reporting Act (the FCRA) was enacted to insure the confidentiality, accuracy, relevancy and proper utilization of consumer credit report information. Under the framework of the FCRA, the United States has developed a highly advanced and efficient credit reporting system. The information contained in that broad system is used by financial institutions, retailers and other creditors of every size in making a wide variety of decisions regarding financial transactions. Employers and law enforcement agencies have also made wide use of the information collected and maintained in databases made possible by the FCRA. The FCRA affirmatively preempts state law in a number of areas, including the ability of entities affiliated by common ownership to share and exchange information freely, and the requirements on credit bureaus to reinvestigate the contents of reports in response to consumer complaints, among others.
The California Financial Information Privacy Act, which was enacted in 2003, requires a financial institution to provide specific information to a consumer related to the sharing of that consumer’s nonpublic personal information. The Act allows a consumer to direct the financial institution not to share his or her nonpublic personal information with affiliated or nonaffiliated companies with which a financial institution has contracted to provide financial products and services, and requires that permission from each such consumer be acquired by a financial institution prior to sharing such information.
The FACT Act, (Fair and Accurate Credit Transaction Act) became law in 2003, effectively extending and amending provisions of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA). The FACT Act created many new responsibilities for consumer reporting agencies and users of consumer reports. It contains many new consumer disclosure requirements as well as provisions to address identity theft.
CHECK 21 ACT
On December 22, 2003, the Board of Governors amended Regulation CC and its commentary to implement the Check Clearing for the 21 st Century Act (Check 21 Act). The Check 21 Act became effective on October 28, 2004.
To facilitate check truncation and electronic check exchange, the Check 21 Act authorizes a new negotiable instrument called a “substitute check” and provides that a properly prepared substitute check is the legal equivalent of the original check for all purposes. A substitute check is a paper reproduction of the original check that can be processed just like the original check. The Check 21 Act does not require any bank to create substitute checks or to accept checks electronically. The amendments: 1) set forth the requirements of the Check 21 Act that applies to banks; 2) provide a model disclosure and model notices relating to substitute checks; and 3) set forth bank endorsement and identification requirements for substitute checks.
The Bank has been imaging its customers’ checks since 2000. Check 21 Act has had limited impact on the Bank.
Other
Other legislation which has been or may be proposed to the United States Congress and the California Legislature and regulations which may be proposed by the Board of Governors, FDIC and the DBO may affect our business. It cannot be predicted whether any pending or proposed legislation or regulations will be adopted or the effect such legislation or regulations may have upon our business.

ITEM 1A - | RISK FACTORS

An investment in our common stock is subject to risks inherent to our business. The material risks and uncertainties that Management believes may affect our business are described below. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below together with all of the other information included or incorporated by reference in this Annual Report. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing our business. Additional risks and uncertainties that Management is not aware of or focused on or that Management currently deems immaterial may also impair our business operations. This Annual Report is qualified in its entirety by these risk factors.
If any of the following risks actually occur, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. If this were to happen, the value of our common stock could decline significantly, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
Worsening economic conditions could adversely affect our business.
The economic conditions in the United States in general and within California and in our operating markets may remain weak or deteriorate. Unemployment nationwide and in California has increased significantly through this economic downturn and is anticipated to remain elevated for the foreseeable future. Availability of credit and consumer spending, real estate values, and consumer confidence have all declined markedly. The volatility of the capital markets and the credit, capital and liquidity problems confronting the U.S. financial system have not been resolved despite massive government expenditures
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and legislative efforts to stabilize the U.S. financial system. There is no assurance that such conditions will improve or be resolved in the foreseeable future.
The Bank conducts banking operations principally in California’s Central Valley. As a result, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows are subject to changes in the economic conditions in California’s Central Valley. Our business results are dependent in large part upon the business activity, population, income levels, deposits and real estate activity in the Central Valley, and continued adverse economic conditions could have a material adverse effect upon us. In addition, the Central Valley remains largely dependent on agriculture. A downturn in agriculture and agricultural related business could indirectly and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Since the beginning of 2014, California has been experiencing a severe drought. If the drought significantly harms the business of our customers, the credit quality of the loans to those customers could decline as a specific consequence of the drought.
We can provide no assurance that economic conditions in the United States in general and in the State of California and within our operating markets will not further deteriorate or that such deterioration will not materially and adversely affect us. A further deterioration in economic conditions locally, regionally or nationally could result in a further economic downturn in the Central Valley with the following consequences, any of which could further adversely affect our business:

• | loan delinquencies and defaults may increase;

• | problem assets and foreclosures may increase;

• | demand for our products and services may decline;

• | low cost or noninterest bearing deposits may decrease;

• | collateral for loans may decline in value, in turn reducing customers’ borrowing power, and reducing the value of assets and collateral as sources of repayment of existing loans;

• | foreclosed assets may not be able to be sold;

• | volatile securities market conditions could adversely affect valuations of investment portfolio assets; and

• | reputational risk may increase due to public sentiment regarding the banking industry.

Non-performing assets take significant time to resolve and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
At December 31, 2014, our non-performing loans and leases were 2.45% of total loans and leases compared to 1.48% at December 31, 2013, and 2.45% at December 31, 2012, and our non-performing assets (which include foreclosed real estate) were 1.18% of total assets compared to 0.68% at December 31, 2013. The allowance for credit losses as a percentage of non-performing loans and leases was 59.12% as of December 31, 2014 compared to 121.38% at December 31, 2013. Non-performing assets adversely affect our net income in various ways. We generally do not record interest income on non-performing loans or other real estate owned, thereby adversely affecting our income and increasing our loan administration costs. When we take collateral in foreclosures and similar proceedings, we are required to mark the related asset to the then fair value of the collateral, which may ultimately result in a loss. An increase in the level of non-performing assets increases our risk profile and may impact the capital levels our regulators believe are appropriate in light of the ensuing risk profile, which could result in a request to reduce our level of non-performing assets. When we reduce problem assets through loan sales, workouts, restructurings and otherwise, decreases in the value of the underlying collateral, or in these borrowers’ performance or financial condition, whether or not due to economic and market conditions beyond our control, could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, the resolution of non-performing assets requires significant commitments of time from management and our directors, which can be detrimental to the performance of their other responsibilities. There can be no assurance that we will not experience future increases in non-performing assets or that the disposition of such non-performing assets will not adversely affect our profitability.
Tightening of credit markets and liquidity risk could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
A tightening of the credit markets or any inability to obtain adequate funds for continued loan growth at an acceptable cost could adversely affect our asset growth and liquidity position and, therefore, our earnings capability. In addition to core deposit growth, maturity of investment securities and loan and lease payments, we also rely on alternative funding sources including unsecured borrowing lines with correspondent banks, secured borrowing lines with the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco and the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, and public time certificates of deposits. Our ability to access these sources could be impaired by deterioration in our financial condition as well as factors that are not specific to us, such as a disruption in the financial markets or negative views and expectations for the financial services industry or serious dislocation in the general credit markets. In the event such a disruption should occur, our ability to access these sources could be adversely affected, both as to price and availability, which would limit, or potentially raise the cost of, the funds available to us.
We have a concentration risk in real estate related loans.
At December 31, 2014, $434 million, or 75.90% of our total loan and lease portfolio, consisted of real estate related loans. Substantially all of our real property collateral is located in our operating markets in the Central Valley in California.
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Deteriorating economic conditions in California and in our operating markets have and may continue to contribute to an overall decline in commercial and residential real estate values. A continuing substantial decline in commercial and residential real estate values in our primary market areas could occur as a result of worsening economic conditions or other events including natural disasters such as earthquakes, fires, drought, and floods. Such a decline in values could have an adverse impact on us by limiting repayment of defaulted loans through sale of commercial and residential real estate collateral and by a likely increase in the number of defaulted loans to the extent that the financial condition of our borrowers is adversely affected by such a decline in values. The adverse effects of the foregoing matters upon our real estate portfolio could necessitate a material increase in the provision for loan and lease losses.
If our allowance for credit losses is not sufficient to cover actual loan losses, our earnings could decrease.
Our loan customers may not repay their loans according to the terms of these loans, and the collateral securing the payment of these loans may be insufficient to assure repayment. We may experience significant credit losses that could have a material adverse effect on our operating results. We make various assumptions and judgments about the collectability of our loan portfolio, including the creditworthiness of our borrowers and the value of the real estate and other assets serving as collateral for the repayment of many of our loans. In determining the size of the allowance, we rely on our experience and our evaluation of economic conditions. If our assumptions prove to be incorrect, our current allowance may not be sufficient to cover future loan losses and adjustments may be necessary to allow for different economic conditions or adverse developments in our loan portfolio. Significant additions to our allowance would materially decrease our net income.
In addition, federal and state regulators periodically review our allowance for credit losses and may require us to increase our provision for credit losses or recognize further loan charge-offs, based on judgments different than those we make. Any increase in our allowance or charge-offs as required by these regulatory agencies could have a negative effect on us.
Our focus on lending to small to mid-sized community-based businesses may increase our credit risk.
Commercial real estate and commercial business loans generally are considered riskier than single-family residential loans because they have larger balances to a single borrower or group of related borrowers. Commercial real estate and commercial business loans involve risks because the borrowers’ ability to repay the loans typically depends primarily on the successful operation of the businesses or the properties securing the loans. Most of the Bank’s commercial real estate and commercial business loans are made to small to medium sized businesses who may have a heightened vulnerability to economic conditions. Moreover, a portion of these loans have been made by us in recent years and the borrowers may not have experienced a complete business or economic cycle. Furthermore, the deterioration of our borrowers’ businesses may hinder their ability to repay their loans with us, which could adversely affect our results of operations.
Fluctuations in interest rates could reduce our profitability.
We realize income primarily from the difference between interest earned on loans and securities and the interest paid on deposits and borrowings. We expect that we will periodically experience “gaps” in the interest rate sensitivities of our assets and liabilities, meaning that either our interest-bearing liabilities will be more sensitive to changes in market interest rates than our interest-earning assets, or vice versa. In either event, if market interest rates should move contrary to our position, this “gap” will work against us, and our earnings may be negatively affected.
We are unable to predict fluctuations of market interest rates, which are affected by the following factors:

• | inflation;

• | recession;

• | competition;

• | a rise in unemployment;

• | tightening money supply;

• | international disorder; and

• | instability in domestic and foreign financial markets.

Our asset/liability management strategy, which is designed to address the risk from changes in market interest rates and the shape of the yield curve, may not prevent changes in interest rates from having a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. In recent years, we have shifted our mix of assets from consisting primarily of loans to a current mix that is approximately half loans and half securities. The value of these securities is subject to interest rate risk, which we must monitor and manage successfully in order to prevent declines in value of these assets if interest rates rise in the future.
Governmental monetary policies and intervention to stabilize the U.S. financial system may affect our business and are beyond our control.
The business of banking is affected significantly by the fiscal and monetary policies of the Federal government and its agencies. Such policies are beyond our control. We are particularly affected by the policies established by the Federal Reserve Board in relation to the supply of money and credit in the United States. The instruments of monetary policy available to the Federal Reserve Board can be used in varying degrees and combinations to directly affect the availability of bank loans and
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deposits, as well as the interest rates charged on loans and paid on deposits, and this can and does have a material effect on our business.
Competition with other financial institutions could adversely affect our profitability.
We face vigorous competition from banks and other financial institutions, including savings institutions, finance companies and credit unions. A number of these banks and other financial institutions have substantially greater resources and lending limits, larger branch systems and a wider array of banking services. To a limited extent, we also compete with other providers of financial services, such as money market mutual funds, brokerage firms, consumer finance companies and insurance companies. This competition may reduce or limit our margins on banking services, reduce our market share and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Additionally, we face competition primarily from other banks in attracting, developing and retaining qualified banking professionals.
Technology implementation problems or computer system failures could adversely affect us.
Our future growth prospects will be highly dependent on our ability to implement changes in technology that affect the delivery of banking services such as the increased demand for computer access to bank accounts and the availability to perform banking transactions electronically. Our ability to compete will depend upon our ability to continue to adapt technology on a timely and cost-effective basis to meet such demands. In addition, our business and operations could be susceptible to adverse effects from computer failures, communication and energy disruption, and activities such as fraud of unethical individuals with the technological ability to cause disruptions or failures of our data processing system.
Information security breaches or other technological difficulties could adversely affect us.
We cannot be certain that the continued implementation of safeguards will eliminate the risk of vulnerability to technological difficulties or failures or ensure the absence of a breach of information security. We will continue to rely on the services of various vendors who provide data processing and communication services to the banking industry. Nonetheless, if information security is compromised or other technology difficulties or failures occur at the Bank or with one of our vendors, information may be lost or misappropriated, services and operations may be interrupted and the Bank could be exposed to claims from its customers as a result.
Our controls over financial reporting and related governance procedures may fail or be circumvented.
Management regularly reviews and updates our internal control over financial reporting, disclosure controls and procedures, and corporate governance policies and procedures. We maintain controls and procedures to mitigate risks such as processing system failures or errors and customer or employee fraud, and we maintain insurance coverage for certain of these risks. Any system of controls and procedures, however well designed and operated, is based in part on certain assumptions and provides only reasonable, not absolute, assurances that the objectives of the system are met. Events could occur which are not prevented or detected by our internal controls, are not insured against, or are in excess of our insurance limits. Any failure or circumvention of our controls and procedures, or failure to comply with regulations related to controls and procedures, could have an adverse effect on our business.
We may not be successful in raising additional capital needed in the future.
If additional capital is needed in the future as a result of losses, our business strategy or regulatory requirements, there is no assurance that our efforts to raise such additional capital will be successful or that shares sold in the future will be sold at prices or on terms equal to or better than the current market price. The inability to raise additional capital when needed or at prices and terms acceptable to us could adversely affect our ability to implement our business strategies.
The effects of legislation in response to current credit conditions may adversely affect us.
Legislation that has or may be passed at the Federal level and/or by the State of California in response to current conditions affecting credit markets could cause us to experience higher credit losses if such legislation reduces the amount that the Bank’s borrowers are otherwise contractually required to pay under existing loan contracts. Such legislation could also result in the imposition of limitations upon the Bank’s ability to foreclose on property or other collateral or make foreclosure less economically feasible. Such events could result in increased loan and lease losses and require a material increase in the allowance for credit losses.
The effects of changes to FDIC insurance coverage limits are uncertain and increased premiums may adversely affect us.
The Bank’s deposits are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) up to applicable legal limits. All of a depositors’ accounts at an insured depository institution, including all non-interest bearing transactions accounts, will be insured by the FDIC up to the standard maximum deposit insurance amount of ($250,000) for each deposit insurance ownership category.
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Increases in FDIC insurance premiums will add to our cost of operations and could have a significant impact on the Bank. Depending on any future losses that the FDIC insurance fund may suffer due to failed institutions, there can be no assurance that there will not be additional significant premium increases in order to replenish the fund.
On February 7, 2011, the FDIC Board of Directors adopted the final rule, which redefined the deposit insurance assessment base as required by the Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank), and makes changes to assessment rates, implements Dodd-Frank’s Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) dividend provisions, and revises the risk based assessment system for all large institutions. The final rule redefined the deposit insurance assessment base as average consolidated total assets minus average tangible equity, defined as Tier 1 capital. The rule lowers overall assessment rates in order to generate the same approximate amount of revenue under the new larger base as was raised under the old base. The assessment rate in total is between 2.5 and 9 basis points on the broader base for banks in the lowest risk category, and 30 to 45 basis points for banks in the highest risk category.
In the future we may be required to recognize impairment with respect to investment securities, including the FHLB stock we hold.
Our securities portfolio contains whole loan private mortgage-backed securities and currently includes securities with unrecognized losses and securities that have been downgraded to below investment grade by national rating agencies. We may continue to observe declines in the fair market value of these securities. We evaluate the securities portfolio for any other-than-temporary impairment each reporting period, as required by generally accepted accounting principles. There can be no assurance, however, that future evaluations of the securities portfolio will not require us to recognize further impairment charges with respect to these and other holdings.
In addition, as a condition to membership in the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco (the FHLB), we are required to purchase and hold a certain amount of FHLB stock. Our stock purchase requirement is based, in part, upon the outstanding principal balance of advances from the FHLB. At December 31, 2014, we held stock in the FHLB totaling $4,791,000. The FHLB stock held by us is carried at cost and is subject to recoverability testing under applicable accounting standards. To date, the FHLB has not discontinued the distribution of dividends on its shares. However, there can be no assurance the FHLB's dividend paying practices will continue. As of December 31, 2014, we did not recognize an impairment charge related to our FHLB stock holdings. There can be no assurance, however, that future negative changes to the financial condition of the FHLB may not require us to recognize an impairment charge with respect to such holdings.
If the goodwill we have recorded in connection with our acquisitions becomes impaired, it could have an adverse impact on our earnings and capital.
At December 31, 2014, we had approximately $29,917,000 of goodwill on our balance sheet attributable to our acquisitions of the Bank of Madera County in January 2005, Service 1 st Bancorp in November 2008, and Visalia Community Bank in July 2013. In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, our goodwill is not amortized but rather evaluated for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that a potential impairment exists. Such evaluation is based on a variety of factors, including the quoted price of our common stock, market prices of the common stock of other banking organizations, common stock trading multiples, discounted cash flows, and data from comparable acquisitions. There can be no assurance that future evaluations of goodwill will not result in findings of impairment and write-downs, which could be material.
We may raise additional capital, which could have a dilutive effect on the existing holders of our common stock and adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
We are not restricted from issuing additional shares of common stock or securities that are convertible into or exchangeable for, or that represent the right to receive, common stock. We frequently evaluate opportunities to access the capital markets taking into account our regulatory capital ratios, financial condition and other relevant considerations, and subject to market conditions, we may take further capital actions. Such actions could include, among other things, the issuance of additional shares of common stock in public or private transactions in order to further increase our capital levels above the requirements for a well-capitalized institution established by the Federal bank regulatory agencies as well as other regulatory targets.
The issuance of any additional shares of common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for common stock or that represent the right to receive common stock, or the exercise of such securities including, without limitation, securities issued upon exercise of outstanding stock options under our stock option plans, could be substantially dilutive to shareholders of our common stock. With the exception of one major shareholder, holders of our shares of common stock have no preemptive rights that entitle holders to purchase their pro rata share of any offering of shares of any class or series and, therefore, such sales or offerings could result in increased dilution to our shareholders. The market price of our common stock could decline as a result of sales of shares of our common stock or the perception that such sales could occur.
The price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly, and this may make it difficult for you to resell shares of common stock owned by you at times or at prices you find attractive.
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The stock market and, in particular, the market for financial institution stocks, has experienced significant volatility, which, in recent quarters, has reached unprecedented levels. In some cases, the markets have produced downward pressure on stock prices for certain issuers without regard to those issuers’ underlying financial strength. As a result, the trading volume in our common stock may fluctuate more than usual and cause significant price variations to occur. This may make it difficult for you to resell shares of common stock owned by you at times or at prices you find attractive. The low trading volume in our common shares on the NASDAQ Capital Market means that our shares may have less liquidity than other publicly traded companies. We cannot ensure that the volume of trading in our common shares will be maintained or will increase in the future.
The trading price of the shares of our common stock will depend on many factors, which may change from time to time and which may be beyond our control, including, without limitation, our financial condition, performance, creditworthiness and prospects, future sales or offerings of our equity or equity related securities, and other factors identified above in the forward-looking statement discussion under the section titled “Cautionary Statements Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and below. These broad market fluctuations have adversely affected and may continue to adversely affect the market price of our common stock. Among the factors that could affect our stock price are:

• | actual or anticipated quarterly fluctuations in our operating results and financial condition;

• | changes in financial estimates or publication of research reports and recommendations by financial analysts or actions taken by rating agencies with respect to our common stock or those of other financial institutions;

• | failure to meet analysts’ revenue or earnings estimates;

• | speculation in the press or investment community generally or relating to our reputation, our market area, our competitors or the financial services industry in general;

• | strategic actions by us or our competitors, such as acquisitions, restructurings, dispositions or financings;

• | actions by our current shareholders, including sales of common stock by existing shareholders and/or directors and executive officers;

• | fluctuations in the stock price and operating results of our competitors;

• | future sales of our equity, equity-related or debt securities;

• | changes in the frequency or amount of dividends or share repurchases;

• | proposed or adopted regulatory changes or developments;

• | anticipated or pending investigations, proceedings, or litigation that involves or affects us;

• | trading activities in our common stock, including short-selling;

• | domestic and international economic factors unrelated to our performance; and

• | general market conditions and, in particular, developments related to market conditions for the financial services industry.

A significant decline in our stock price could result in substantial losses for individual shareholders.
We may not be able to maintain our historical growth rate which may adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.
We have initiated internal asset growth programs, completed various acquisitions and opened additional offices in the past few years. We may not be able to sustain our historical rate of asset growth or may not even be able to grow at all. We may not be able to obtain the financing necessary to fund additional asset growth and may not be able to find suitable candidates for acquisition. Various factors, such as economic conditions and competition, may impede or prohibit the opening of new branch offices. Further, our inability to attract and retain experienced bankers may adversely affect our internal asset growth. A significant decrease in our historical rate of asset growth may adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.
We may be unable to complete future acquisitions, and once complete, may not be able to integrate our acquisitions successfully.
Our growth strategy includes our desire to acquire other financial institutions. We may not be able to complete any future acquisitions and, for completed acquisitions, we may not be able to successfully integrate the operations, management, products and services of the entities we acquire. We may not realize expected cost savings or make revenue enhancements. Following each acquisition, we must expend substantial managerial, operating, financial and other resources to integrate these entities. In particular, we may be required to install and standardize adequate operational and control systems, deploy or modify equipment, implement marketing efforts in new as well as existing locations and employ and maintain qualified personnel. Our failure to successfully integrate the entities we acquire into our existing operations may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
We operate in a highly regulated environment and may be adversely affected by changes in federal and local laws and regulations.
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We are subject to extensive regulation, supervision and examination by federal and state banking authorities. Any change in applicable regulations or federal or state legislation could have a substantial impact on us and our operations. Additional legislation and regulations may be enacted or adopted in the future that could significantly affect our powers, authority and operations, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Further, regulators have significant discretion and power to prevent or remedy unsafe or unsound practices or violations of laws by banks and bank holding companies in the performance of their supervisory and enforcement duties. The exercise of this regulatory discretion and power may have a negative impact on us.
We are experiencing an influx of locally based competition that could affect near term results.
Recently, several new banks have opened in our service areas. We are seeing price competition from these new banks, as they work to establish their markets. The existence of competitors, large and small, is a normal and expected part of our operations, but in responding to the particular short-term impact on business of new entrants to the marketplace, we could see a negative impact on revenue and income. Moreover, these near term impacts could be accentuated by the seasonal impact on revenue and income generated by the borrowing and deposit habits of the agricultural community that comprises a significant component of our customer base.

ITEM 1B - | UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Not applicable

ITEM 2 - | DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTY.

The Company owns the property on which the Main Office, a full-service branch office, is located in Clovis, California. In addition, the Company owns the property on which the Foothill Office, a full-service branch office, is located in Prather, California, the property on which the Modesto office, a full-service branch office, is located in Modesto, California, the property on which the Kerman Office, a full-service branch office, is located in Kerman, California, the property on which the Floral office, a full-service branch office, is located in Visalia, California, and the property on which the Exeter office, a full service branch office, is located in Exeter, California.
All other property is leased by the Company, including the principal executive offices in Fresno. This facility houses the Company’s corporate offices, comprised of various departments, including accounting, information services, human resources, real estate department, loan servicing, credit administration, branch support operations, and compliance.
The Company continually evaluates the suitability and adequacy of the Company’s offices and has a program of relocating or remodeling them as necessary to be efficient and attractive facilities. Management believes that its existing facilities are adequate for its present purposes.
Properties owned by the Bank are held without loans or encumbrances. All of the property leased is leased directly from independent parties. Management considers the terms and conditions of each of the existing leases to be in the aggregate favorable to the Company. See Note 13 of the Company’s audited Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Annual Report.

ITEM 3 - | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

The Company is subject to legal proceedings and claims which arise in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the amount of ultimate liability with respect to such actions will not materially affect the consolidated financial position or consolidated results of operations of the Company.
None of our directors, officers, affiliates, more than 5% shareholders or any associates of these persons is a party adverse to the Company or the Bank or has a material interest adverse to the Company or the Bank in any material legal proceeding.

ITEM 4 - | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

None to report.
PART II

ITEM 5 - | MARKET FOR COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

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Our common stock is listed for trading on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol CVCY. As of March 1, 2015, we had approximately 965 shareholders of record.
The following table shows the high and low sales prices for the common stock for each quarter as reported by NASDAQ.
Common Stock Prices

| Quarter 1 2013 |  | Quarter 2 2013 |  | Quarter 3 2013 |  | Quarter 4 2013 |  | Quarter 1 2014 |  | Quarter 2 2014 |  | Quarter 3 2014 |  | Quarter 4 2014
High | $ | 9.00 |  |  | $ | 10.14 |  |  | $ | 10.50 |  |  | $ | 12.82 |  |  | 11.90 |  |  | 13.90 |  |  | 13.46 |  |  | 11.61 |
Low | $ | 7.69 |  |  | $ | 8.00 |  |  | $ | 9.09 |  |  | $ | 9.50 |  |  | 10.67 |  |  | 10.61 |  |  | 10.63 |  |  | 10.45 |

We paid $0.20 per common share cash dividends in 2014 and 2013. The Company’s primary source of income with which to pay cash dividends are dividends from the Bank. The Bank would not pay any dividend that would cause it to be deemed not “well capitalized” under applicable banking laws and regulations. See Note 14 in the audited Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Annual Report.
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Not Applicable
EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION
The following chart sets forth information for the year ended December 31, 2014, regarding equity based compensation plans of the Company.

|  | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights |  | Weighted- average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights |  | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a)) |
Plan Category |  | (a) |  | (b) |  | (c) |
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders |  | 368,360 |  | (1) | $ | 8.89 |  |  | 241,760 |  | (2)
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |
Total |  | 368,360 |  |  | $ | 8.89 |  |  | 241,760 |  |

(1) Under the Central Valley Community Bancorp 2005 Omnibus Incentive Plan (2005 Plan), the Company is authorized to issue restricted stock awards. Restricted stock awards are not included in the total in column (a). During 2014, the Company issued 57,330 shares of restricted stock and entered into an agreement with an executive to issue $100,000 of restricted stock per year during each of 2015 and 2016 (based on then-prevailing market prices). At December 31, 2014, there were 56,850 shares of restricted stock issued and outstanding. See Note 15 in the audited Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Annual Report.
(2) Includes securities available for issuance of stock options and restricted stock.
No options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock were issued during the years ending December 31, 2014 and 2013 from any of the Company’s stock based compensation plans. During the year ended December 31, 2014, 57,330 shares of restricted common stock were granted from the 2005 Plan as compared to none during the year ending December 31, 2013.

ITEM 6 - | SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

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|  | Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands, except per share amounts) |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  | 2010
Statements of Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total interest income |  | $ | 41,039 |  |  | $ | 34,836 |  |  | $ | 31,820 |  |  | $ | 34,299 |  |  | $ | 34,299 |
Total interest expense |  | 1,156 |  |  | 1,385 |  |  | 1,883 |  |  | 2,942 |  |  | 4,283 |
Net interest income before provision for credit losses |  | 39,883 |  |  | 33,451 |  |  | 29,937 |  |  | 31,357 |  |  | 31,730 |
Provision for credit losses |  | 7,985 |  |  | — |  |  | 700 |  |  | 1,050 |  |  | 3,800 |
Net interest income after provision for credit losses |  | 31,898 |  |  | 33,451 |  |  | 29,237 |  |  | 30,307 |  |  | 27,930 |
Non-interest income |  | 8,164 |  |  | 7,831 |  |  | 7,242 |  |  | 6,271 |  |  | 3,711 |
Non-interest expenses |  | 35,338 |  |  | 31,685 |  |  | 27,274 |  |  | 28,240 |  |  | 28,731 |
Income before provision for (benefit from) income taxes |  | 4,724 |  |  | 9,597 |  |  | 9,205 |  |  | 8,338 |  |  | 2,910 |
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes |  | (570 | ) |  | 1,347 |  |  | 1,685 |  |  | 1,861 |  |  | (369 | )
Net income |  | 5,294 |  |  | 8,250 |  |  | 7,520 |  |  | 6,477 |  |  | 3,279 |
Preferred stock dividends and accretion of discount |  | — |  |  | 350 |  |  | 350 |  |  | 486 |  |  | 395 |
Net income available to common shareholders |  | $ | 5,294 |  |  | $ | 7,900 |  |  | $ | 7,170 |  |  | $ | 5,991 |  |  | $ | 2,884 |
Basic earnings per share |  | $ | 0.48 |  |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  | $ | 0.75 |  |  | $ | 0.63 |  |  | $ | 0.31 |
Diluted earnings per share |  | $ | 0.48 |  |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  | $ | 0.75 |  |  | $ | 0.63 |  |  | $ | 0.31 |
Cash dividends declared per common share |  | $ | 0.20 |  |  | $ | 0.20 |  |  | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

|  | December 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  | 2010
Balances at end of year: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities, Federal funds sold and deposits in other banks |  | $ | 520,511 |  |  | $ | 529,398 |  |  | $ | 424,516 |  |  | $ | 353,808 |  |  | $ | 280,967 |
Net loans |  | 564,280 |  |  | 503,149 |  |  | 385,185 |  |  | 415,999 |  |  | 420,583 |
Total deposits |  | 1,039,152 |  |  | 1,004,143 |  |  | 751,432 |  |  | 712,986 |  |  | 650,495 |
Total assets |  | 1,192,183 |  |  | 1,145,635 |  |  | 890,228 |  |  | 849,023 |  |  | 777,594 |
Shareholders’ equity |  | 131,045 |  |  | 120,043 |  |  | 117,665 |  |  | 107,482 |  |  | 97,391 |
Earning assets |  | 1,074,942 |  |  | 1,042,552 |  |  | 801,098 |  |  | 762,654 |  |  | 695,410 |
Average balances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities, Federal funds sold and deposits in other banks |  | $ | 513,866 |  |  | $ | 445,859 |  |  | $ | 368,818 |  |  | $ | 299,935 |  |  | $ | 231,761 |
Net loans |  | 531,382 |  |  | 444,770 |  |  | 394,675 |  |  | 417,273 |  |  | 444,418 |
Total deposits |  | 1,006,560 |  |  | 848,493 |  |  | 719,601 |  |  | 677,789 |  |  | 636,166 |
Total assets |  | 1,157,483 |  |  | 986,924 |  |  | 853,078 |  |  | 800,178 |  |  | 758,852 |
Shareholders’ equity |  | 130,414 |  |  | 119,746 |  |  | 114,561 |  |  | 103,386 |  |  | 96,174 |
Earning assets |  | 1,052,097 |  |  | 895,330 |  |  | 766,937 |  |  | 715,862 |  |  | 672,804 |

Data from 2013 reflects the partial year impact of the acquisition of Visalia Community Bank on July 1, 2013.
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ITEM 7 - | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

Management’s discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited Consolidated Financial Statements, including the Notes thereto, in Item 8 of this Annual Report.
Certain matters discussed in this report constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements contained herein that are not historical facts, such as statements regarding the Company’s current business strategy and the Company’s plans for future development and operations, are based upon current expectations. These statements are forward-looking in nature and involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to (1) significant increases in competitive pressure in the banking industry; (2) the impact of changes in interest rates, a decline in economic conditions at the international, national or local level on the Company’s results of operations, the Company’s ability to continue its internal growth at historical rates, the Company’s ability to maintain its net interest margin, and the quality of the Company’s earning assets; (3) changes in the regulatory environment; (4) fluctuations in the real estate market; (5) changes in business conditions and inflation; (6) changes in securities markets (7) risks associated with acquisitions, relating to difficulty in integrating combined operations and related negative impact on earnings, and incurrence of substantial expenses. Therefore, the information set forth in such forward-looking statements should be carefully considered when evaluating the business prospects of the Company.
When the Company uses in this Annual Report the words “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “intend,” “commit,” “believe” and similar expressions, the Company intends to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements are not guarantees of performance and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those described in this Annual Report. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated, expected, projected, intended, committed or believed. The future results and shareholder values of the Company may differ materially from those expressed in these forward-looking statements. Many of the factors that will determine these results and values are beyond the Company’s ability to control or predict. For those statements, the Company claims the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. See also the discussion of risk factors in Item 1A, “Risk Factors.”
INTRODUCTION
Central Valley Community Bancorp (NASDAQ: CVCY) (the Company) was incorporated on February 7, 2000. The formation of the holding company offered the Company more flexibility in meeting the long-term needs of customers, shareholders, and the communities it serves. The Company currently has one bank subsidiary, Central Valley Community Bank (the Bank) and one business trust subsidiary, Service 1 st Capital Trust 1. The Bank of Madera County (BMC) was merged with and into the Bank on January 1, 2005. BMC had two branches in Madera County which continue to be operated by the Bank. After the close of business on November 12, 2008, Service 1 st Bancorp (Service 1 st) was merged with and into the Company, and Service 1 st Bank was merged with and into the Bank. Service 1 st Bank had three branches in Stockton, Tracy, and Lodi which continue to be operated by the Bank. Service 1 st Capital Trust 1 (the Trust) is a business trust formed for the purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. The Company succeeded to all the rights and obligations of Service 1 st in connection with the acquisition of Service 1 st. The Trust is a subsidiary of the Company. Effective July 1, 2013, the Company and Visalia Community Bank (VCB) completed a merger under which Visalia Community Bank, with three full-service offices in Visalia and one in Exeter, merged with and into the Bank. The Company’s market area includes the central valley area from Sacramento, California to Bakersfield, California.
During 2014, we focused on asset quality and capital adequacy due to the uncertainty created by the economy. We also focused on assuring that competitive products and services were made available to our clients while adjusting to the many new laws and regulations that affect the banking industry.
The Bank now operates 21 full-service offices. The Bank has a Real Estate Division, an Agribusiness Center and an SBA Lending Division in Fresno. All real estate related transactions are conducted and processed through the Real Estate Division, including interim construction loans for single family residences and commercial buildings. We offer permanent single family residential loans through our mortgage broker services.
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ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
The economy in California’s Central Valley has been negatively impacted by the recession that began in 2007 and the related real estate market and the slowdown in residential construction. The recession has impacted most industries in our market area. Since 2007, housing values throughout the nation and especially in the Central Valley have decreased dramatically, which in turn has negatively affected the personal net worth of much of the population in our service area. Housing in the Central Valley continues to be relatively more affordable than the major metropolitan areas in California.
Agriculture and agricultural related businesses remain a critical part of the Central Valley’s economy. The Valley’s agricultural production is widely diversified, producing nuts, vegetables, fruit, cattle, dairy products, and cotton. The continued future success of agriculture related businesses is highly dependent on the availability of water and is subject to fluctuation in worldwide commodity prices and demand. Since the beginning of 2014, California has been experiencing a severe drought. If the drought significantly harms the business of our customers, the credit quality of the loans to those customers could decline as a specific consequence of the drought.
OVERVIEW
Diluted earnings per share (EPS) for the year ended December 31, 2014 was $0.48 compared to $0.77 and $0.75 for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Net income for 2014 was $5,294,000 compared to $8,250,000 and $7,520,000 for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The decrease in net income and EPS was primarily driven by an increase in provision for credit losses and increase s in non-interest expense offset by an increase in net interest income and an increase in non-interest income in 2014 compared to 2013. Total assets at December 31, 2014 were $1,192,183,000 compared to $1,145,635,000 at December 31, 2013.
Return on average equity for 2014 was 4.06% compared to 6.89% and 6.56% for 2013 and 2012, respectively. Return on average assets for 2014 was 0.46% compared to 0.84% and 0.88% for 2013 and 2012, respectively. Total equity was $131,045,000 at December 31, 2014 compared to $120,043,000 at December 31, 2013. The increase in equity in 2014 compared to 2013 was driven by the retention of earnings net of dividends paid and improvement in unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI).
Average total loans increase d $85,046,000 or 18.71% to $539,529,000 in 2014 compared to $454,483,000 in 2013. In 2014, we recorded $7,985,000 provision for credit losses compared to none in 2013 and $700,000 in 2012. The Company had nonperforming assets, consisting entirely of nonaccrual loans, totaling $14,052,000 at December 31, 2014. At December 31, 2013, nonperforming assets totaled $7,776,000 consisting of $7,586,000 in nonaccrual loans and Other Real Estate Owned (OREO) totaling $190,000. Net charge-offs for 2014 were $8,885,000 compared to $925,000 for 2013 and $1,963,000 for 2012. Refer to “Asset Quality” below for further information.
Key Factors in Evaluating Financial Condition and Operating Performance
As a publicly traded community bank holding company, we focus on several key factors including:
•Return to our shareholders;
•Return on average assets;
•Development of revenue streams, including net interest income and non-interest income;
•Asset quality;
•Asset growth;
•Capital adequacy;
•Operating efficiency; and
•Liquidity.
Return to Our Shareholders
One measure of our return to our shareholders is the return on average equity (ROE). Our ROE was 4.06% for the year ended 2014 compared to 6.89% and 6.56% for the years ended 2013 and 2012, respectively. In 2014, compared to 2013 we experienced a decrease in net income primarily driven by an increase in provision for credit losses. We experienced an increase in capital due to increase s in retained earnings and an increase in accumulated other comprehensive income.
Our net income for the year ended December 31, 2014 decrease d $2,956,000 compared to 2013 and increased $730,000 in 2013 compared to 2012. During 2014, net income decrease d due to an increase in the provision for credit losses, increase s in non-interest expenses, partially offset by increase s in net interest income, increase s in non-interest income, and a decrease in tax expense compared to 2013. Net interest income increase d because of increase s in loan and investment income and decrease s in interest expense on deposits. Net interest income increased as a result of yield changes, asset mix changes, and an increase in average earning assets, partially offset by an increase in interest-bearing liabilities, primarily as a result of
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the VCB acquisition in 2013. Net interest income during 2014 was positively impacted by the collection of nonaccrual loans totaling $1,870,000 which resulted in a recovery of interest income of approximately $879,000. The recovery was partially offset by reversal of approximately $237,000 in interest income on loans put on nonaccrual during the year. Net interest income during 2013 was positively impacted by the collection in full of a non-accrual loan of $4,731,000 which resulted in a recovery of foregone interest of $1,484,000, partially offset by the reversal of approximately $49,000 in interest income associated with loans placed on nonaccrual status during the year. During the year ended 2014, non-interest income increase d primarily driven by a $124,000 increase in service charge income, a $243,000 increase in interchange fees, a $150,000 increase in Federal Home Loan Bank dividends, a $128,000 increase in other income, and an increase of $63,000 in gains on the sale of other real estate owned, partially offset by a $361,000 decrease in net realized gains on sales and calls of investment securities and a decrease in loan placement fees of $133,000 in 2014 compared to 2013.
Non-interest expenses increase d in 2014 compared to 2013 primarily due to increase s in salary and employee benefit expenses of $2,294,000, occupancy and equipment expenses of $726,000, data processing expenses of $437,000, advertising fees of $113,000, Internet banking expenses of $123,000, ATM/Debit card expenses of $97,000, amortization of core deposit intangibles of $69,000, and regulatory assessments of $66,000, partially offset by decreases in acquisition and integration-related expenses of $976,000, and consulting expenses of $222,000. During 2014, our net interest margin (NIM) increase d 2 basis points to 4.11% compared to 2013. Basic EPS was $0.48 for 2014 compared to $0.77 and $0.75 for 2013 and 2012, respectively. Diluted EPS was $0.48 for 2014 compared to $0.77 and $0.75 for 2013 and 2012, respectively. The decrease in EPS in 2014 was due primarily to the decrease in net income and to a lesser extent an increase in the weighted average common shares outstanding.
Return on Average Assets
Our return on average assets (ROA) is a ratio that measures our performance compared with other banks and bank holding companies. Our ROA for the year ended 2014 was 0.46% compared to 0.84% and 0.88% for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The 2014 decrease in ROA is primarily due to the decrease in net income. Annualized ROA for our peer group was 1.10% at December 31, 2014. Peer group information from SNL Financial data includes bank holding companies in central California with assets from $600 million to $2.5 billion.
Development of Revenue Streams
Over the past several years, we have focused on not only our net income, but improving the consistency of our revenue streams in order to create more predictable future earnings and reduce the effect of changes in our operating environment on our net income. Specially, we have focused on net interest income through a variety of processes, including increases in average interest earning assets, and minimizing the effects of the recent interest rate decline on our net interest margin by focusing on core deposits and managing the cost of funds. Our net interest margin (fully tax equivalent basis) was 4.11% for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to 4.09% and 4.21% for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. While we experienced an increase in 2014 net interest margin compared to 2013, this increase resulted from the decline in our cost of funds being greater than the aggregate decline in loan and investment yields. The effective yield on total earning assets decrease d 2 basis points, while the cost of total interest-bearing liabilities decrease d 7 basis points and the cost of total deposits decrease d 4 basis points. Our cost of total deposits in 2014 was 0.11% compared to 0.15% for the same period in 2013 and 0.23% for the year ended December 31, 2012. Our net interest income before provision for credit losses increase d $6,432,000 or 19.23% to $39,883,000 for the year ended 2014 compared to $33,451,000 and $29,937,000 for the years ended 2013 and 2012, respectively.
Our non-interest income is generally made up of service charges and fees on deposit accounts, fee income from loan placements, appreciation in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance, and net gains from sales and calls of investment securities. Non-interest income in 2014 increase d $333,000 or 4.25% to $8,164,000 compared to $7,831,000 in 2013 and $7,242,000 in 2012. The increase resulted primarily from increases in service charge income, interchange fees, appreciation in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance, Federal Home Loan Bank dividends, and gain on sale of other real estate owned compared to 2013, partially offset by a decrease in net realized gains on sales and calls of investment securities and loan placement fees. Customer service charges increase d $124,000 or 3.93% to $3,280,000 in 2014 compared to $3,156,000 and $2,774,000 in 2013 and 2012, respectively. Further detail on non-interest income is provided below.
Asset Quality
For all banks and bank holding companies, asset quality has a significant impact on the overall financial condition and results of operations. Asset quality is measured in terms of percentage of total loans and total assets, and is a key element in estimating the future earnings of a company. Total nonperforming assets were $14,052,000 and $7,776,000 at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Nonperforming assets totaled 2.45% of gross loans as of December 31, 2014 and 1.52% of gross loans as of December 31, 2013. The Company had no other real estate owned (OREO) at December 31, 2014 as compared to
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$190,000 at December 31, 2013. The OREO property held at December 31, 2013 was sold for book value during January 2014. Management maintains certain loans that have been brought current by the borrower (less than 30 days delinquent) on nonaccrual status until such time as management has determined that the loans are likely to remain current in future periods.
Asset Growth
As revenues from both net interest income and non-interest income are a function of asset size, the continued growth in assets has a direct impact in increasing net income and therefore ROE and ROA. The majority of our assets are loans and investment securities, and the majority of our liabilities are deposits, and therefore the ability to generate deposits as a funding source for loans and investments is fundamental to our asset growth. Total assets increase d 4.06% during 2014 to $1,192,183,000 as of December 31, 2014 from $1,145,635,000 as of December 31, 2013. Total gross loans increase d 11.76% to $572,588,000 as of December 31, 2014, compared to $512,357,000 at December 31, 2013. Total investment securities and Federal funds sold increase d 4.83% to $464,865,000 as of December 31, 2014 compared to $443,442,000 as of December 31, 2013. Total deposits increase d 3.49% to $1,039,152,000 as of December 31, 2014 compared to $1,004,143,000 as of December 31, 2013. Our loan to deposit ratio at December 31, 2014 was 55.10% compared to 51.02% at December 31, 2013. The loan to deposit ratio of our peers was 76.07% at December 31, 2014.
Capital Adequacy
At December 31, 2014, we had a total capital to risk-weighted assets ratio of 14.88%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 13.67% and a leverage ratio of 8.36%. At December 31, 2013, we had a total capital to risk-weighted assets ratio of 15.13%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 13.88% and a leverage ratio of 8.14%. At December 31, 2014, on a stand-alone basis, the Bank had a total risk-based capital ratio of 14.80%, a Tier 1 risk based capital ratio of 13.59% and a leverage ratio of 8.31%. At December 31, 2013, the Bank had a total risk-based capital ratio of 15.04%, Tier 1 risk-based capital of 13.79% and a leverage ratio of 8.09%. Note 14 of the audited Consolidated Financial Statements provides more detailed information concerning the Company’s capital amounts and ratios.
Operating Efficiency
Operating efficiency is the measure of how efficiently earnings before taxes are generated as a percentage of revenue. A lower ratio represents greater efficiency. The Company’s efficiency ratio (operating expenses, excluding amortization of intangibles and foreclosed property expense, divided by net interest income plus non-interest income, excluding net gains and losses from sale of securities) was 73.85% for 2014 compared to 78.50% for 2013 and 75.99% for 2012. The improvement in the efficiency ratio in 2014 is due to the growth in revenues outpacing the growth in non-interest expense. The increase in the efficiency ratio in 2013 compared to 2012 is due to an increase in net interest income that is less than the increase in operating expenses. The Company’s net interest income before provision for credit losses plus non-interest income increased 16.39% to $48,047,000 in 2014 compared to $41,282,000 in 2013 and $37,179,000 in 2012, while operating expenses increased 11.53% in 2014, increased 16.17% in 2013, and decreased 3.42% in 2012.
Liquidity
Liquidity management involves our ability to meet cash flow requirements arising from fluctuations in deposit levels and demands of daily operations, which include providing for customers’ credit needs, funding of securities purchases, and ongoing repayment of borrowings. Our liquidity is actively managed on a daily basis and reviewed periodically by our management and Directors’ Asset/Liability Committee. This process is intended to ensure the maintenance of sufficient funds to meet our needs, including adequate cash flows for off-balance sheet commitments. Our primary sources of liquidity are derived from financing activities which include the acceptance of customer and, to a lesser extent, broker deposits, Federal funds facilities and advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco. We have available unsecured lines of credit with correspondent banks totaling approximately $40,000,000 and secured borrowing lines of approximately $290,851,000 with the Federal Home Loan Bank. These funding sources are augmented by collection of principal and interest on loans, the routine maturities and pay downs of securities from our investment securities portfolio, the stability of our core deposits, and the ability to sell investment securities. Primary uses of funds include origination and purchases of loans, withdrawals of and interest payments on deposits, purchases of investment securities, and payment of operating expenses.
We had liquid assets (cash and due from banks, interest-earning deposits in other banks, Federal funds sold and available-for-sale securities) totaling $509,863,000 or 42.77% of total assets at December 31, 2014 and $555,276,000 or 48.47% of total assets as of December 31, 2013.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Net Income
Net income was $5,294,000 in 2014 compared to $8,250,000 and $7,520,000 in 2013 and 2012, respectively. Basic earnings per share was $0.48, $0.77, and $0.75 for 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. Diluted earnings per share was $0.48, $0.77, and $0.75 for 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. ROE was 4.06% for 2014 compared to 6.89% for 2013 and 6.56% for 2012. ROA for 2014 was 0.46% compared to 0.84% for 2013 and 0.88% for 2012.
The decrease in net income for 2014 compared to 2013 can be attributed to an increase in the provision for credit losses and an increase in non-interest expense, partially offset by an increase in net interest income, an increase in non-interest income, and a decrease in provision for income taxes. The increase in net income for 2013 compared to 2012 can be attributed to a decrease in the provision for credit losses, an increase in interest income, an increase in non-interest income, and a decrease in provision for income taxes, partially offset by an increase in non-interest income.
Interest Income and Expense
Net interest income is the most significant component of our income from operations. Net interest income (the interest rate spread) is the difference between the gross interest and fees earned on the loan and investment portfolios and the interest paid on deposits and other borrowings. Net interest income depends on the volume of and interest rate earned on interest-earning assets and the volume of and interest rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities.
The following table sets forth a summary of average balances with corresponding interest income and interest expense as well as average yield and cost information for the periods presented. Average balances are derived from daily balances, and nonaccrual loans are not included as interest-earning assets for purposes of this table.
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SCHEDULE OF AVERAGE BALANCES, AVERAGE YIELDS AND RATES

|  | Year Ended December 31, 2014 |  | Year Ended December 31, 2013 |  | Year Ended December 31, 2012
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Average Interest Rate |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Average Interest Rate |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Average Interest Rate
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-earning deposits in other banks |  | $ | 53,781 |  |  | $ | 175 |  |  | 0.32 | % |  | $ | 46,672 |  |  | $ | 164 |  |  | 0.35 | % |  | $ | 36,836 |  |  | $ | 108 |  |  | 0.29 | %
Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable securities |  | 296,014 |  |  | 5,538 |  |  | 1.87 | % |  | 235,487 |  |  | 2,375 |  |  | 1.01 | % |  | 218,325 |  |  | 3,289 |  |  | 1.51 | %
Non-taxable securities (1) |  | 163,778 |  |  | 8,837 |  |  | 5.40 | % |  | 163,494 |  |  | 8,755 |  |  | 5.35 | % |  | 113,039 |  |  | 6,830 |  |  | 6.04 | %
Total investment securities |  | 459,792 |  |  | 14,375 |  |  | 3.13 | % |  | 398,981 |  |  | 11,130 |  |  | 2.79 | % |  | 331,364 |  |  | 10,119 |  |  | 3.05 | %
Federal funds sold |  | 293 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 0.25 | % |  | 206 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 0.25 | % |  | 618 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 0.30 | %
Total securities and interest-earning deposits |  | 513,866 |  |  | 14,551 |  |  | 2.83 | % |  | 445,859 |  |  | 11,295 |  |  | 2.53 | % |  | 368,818 |  |  | 10,229 |  |  | 2.77 | %
Loans (2) (3) |  | 533,531 |  |  | 29,493 |  |  | 5.53 | % |  | 445,300 |  |  | 26,519 |  |  | 5.96 | % |  | 394,575 |  |  | 23,913 |  |  | 6.06 | %
Federal Home Loan Bank stock |  | 4,700 |  |  | 327 |  |  | 6.96 | % |  | 4,171 |  |  | 177 |  |  | 4.24 | % |  | 3,544 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 1.02 | %
Total interest-earning assets |  | 1,052,097 |  |  | $ | 44,371 |  |  | 4.22 | % |  | 895,330 |  |  | $ | 37,991 |  |  | 4.24 | % |  | 766,937 |  |  | $ | 34,178 |  |  | 4.46 | %
Allowance for credit losses |  | (8,147 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (9,713 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (10,365 | ) |  |  |  |
Nonaccrual loans |  | 5,998 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9,183 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10,465 |  |  |  |  |
Other real estate owned |  | 36 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 919 |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | 23,905 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21,296 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 19,525 |  |  |  |  |
Bank premises and equipment |  | 10,511 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,816 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,217 |  |  |  |  |
Other non-earning assets |  | 73,083 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 62,962 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 59,380 |  |  |  |  |
Total average assets |  | $ | 1,157,483 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 986,924 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 853,078 |  |  |  |  |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings and NOW accounts |  | $ | 265,751 |  |  | $ | 241 |  |  | 0.09 | % |  | $ | 215,668 |  |  | $ | 291 |  |  | 0.13 | % |  | $ | 177,205 |  |  | $ | 302 |  |  | 0.17 | %
Money market accounts |  | 229,769 |  |  | 174 |  |  | 0.08 | % |  | 193,833 |  |  | 229 |  |  | 0.12 | % |  | 178,734 |  |  | 392 |  |  | 0.22 | %
Time certificates of deposit, under $100,000 |  | 60,630 |  |  | 228 |  |  | 0.38 | % |  | 48,729 |  |  | 219 |  |  | 0.45 | % |  | 59,838 |  |  | 466 |  |  | 0.78 | %
Time certificates of deposit, $100,000 and over |  | 101,588 |  |  | 417 |  |  | 0.41 | % |  | 106,307 |  |  | 531 |  |  | 0.50 | % |  | 86,295 |  |  | 470 |  |  | 0.54 | %
Total interest-bearing deposits |  | 657,738 |  |  | 1,060 |  |  | 0.16 | % |  | 564,537 |  |  | 1,270 |  |  | 0.22 | % |  | 502,072 |  |  | 1,630 |  |  | 0.32 | %
Other borrowed funds |  | 5,155 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 1.83 | % |  | 5,645 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 2.05 | % |  | 9,156 |  |  | 253 |  |  | 2.76 | %
Total interest-bearing liabilities |  | 662,893 |  |  | $ | 1,156 |  |  | 0.17 | % |  | 570,182 |  |  | $ | 1,386 |  |  | 0.24 | % |  | 511,228 |  |  | $ | 1,883 |  |  | 0.37 | %
Non-interest bearing demand deposits |  | 348,822 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 283,956 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 217,529 |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities |  | 15,354 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13,040 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9,760 |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity |  | 130,414 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 119,746 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 114,561 |  |  |  |  |
Total average liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 1,157,483 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 986,924 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 853,078 |  |  |  |  |
Interest income and rate earned on average earning assets |  |  |  |  | $ | 44,371 |  |  | 4.22 | % |  |  |  |  | $ | 37,991 |  |  | 4.24 | % |  |  |  | $ | 34,178 |  |  | 4.46 | %
Interest expense and interest cost related to average interest-bearing liabilities |  |  |  |  | 1,156 |  |  | 0.17 | % |  |  |  |  | 1,386 |  |  | 0.24 | % |  |  |  | 1,883 |  |  | 0.37 | %
Net interest income and net interest margin (4) |  |  |  |  | $ | 43,215 |  |  | 4.11 | % |  |  |  |  | $ | 36,605 |  |  | 4.09 | % |  |  |  | $ | 32,295 |  |  | 4.21 | %

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(1) | Interest income is calculated on a fully tax equivalent basis, which includes Federal tax benefits relating to income earned on municipal bonds totaling $3,005, $2,977, and $2,322 in 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively.

(2) | Loan interest income includes loan fees of $272 in 2014, $320 in 2013, and $646 in 2012.

(3) | Average loans do not include nonaccrual loans.

(4) | Net interest margin is computed by dividing net interest income by total average interest-earning assets.

Interest and fee income from loans increase d $2,974,000 or 11.21% in 2014 compared to 2013. Interest and fee income increased $2,606,000 or 10.90% in 2013 compared to 2012. The increase in 2014 is attributable to an increase in average total loans outstanding offset by a 43 basis point decrease in the yield on loans. Interest income during 2014 was positively impacted by the collection of nonaccrual loans totaling $1,870,000 which resulted in a recovery of interest income of approximately $879,000. The recovery was partially offset by reversal of approximately $237,000 in interest income on loans put on nonaccrual status during the year. The increase in 2013 is attributable to a increase in average total loans outstanding offset by a 10 basis point decrease in the yield on loans. Interest and fee income from loans during 2013 was positively impacted by the collection in full of a non-accrual loan of $4,731,000 which resulted in a recovery of foregone interest of $1,484,000, partially offset by the reversal of approximately $49,000 in interest income associated with loans placed on nonaccrual status during the year. Average total loans for 2014 increase d $85,046,000 to $539,529,000 compared to $454,483,000 for 2013 and $405,040,000 for 2012. The yield on loans for 2014 was 5.53% compared to 5.96% and 6.06% for 2013 and 2012, respectively.
Interest income from total investments on a non tax-equivalent basis, (total investments include investment securities, Federal funds sold, interest-bearing deposits in other banks, and other securities), increase d $3,229,000 or 38.82% in 2014 compared to 2013. The yield on average investments increase d 30 basis points to 2.83% for the year ended December 31, 2014 from 2.53% for the year ended December 31, 2013. Average total investments increase d $68,007,000 to $513,866,000 in 2014 compared to $445,859,000 in 2013. In 2013, total investment income decreased $410,000 or 5.19% compared to 2012.
A significant portion of the investment portfolio is mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs). At December 31, 2014, we held $242,565,000 or 52.22% of the total market value of the investment portfolio in MBS and CMOs with an average yield of 1.90%. We invest in Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (CMO) and Mortgage Backed Securities, (MBS) as part of the overall strategy to increase our net interest margin. CMOs and MBS by their nature react to changes in interest rates. In a normal declining rate environment, prepayments from MBS and CMOs would be expected to increase and the expected life of the investment would be expected to shorten. Conversely, if interest rates increase, prepayments normally would be expected to decline and the average life of the MBS and CMOs would be expected to extend. However, in the current economic environment, prepayments may not behave according to historical norms. Premium amortization and discount accretion of these investments affects our net interest income. Our management monitors the prepayment speed of these investments and adjusts premium amortization and discount accretion based on several factors. These factors include the type of investment, the investment structure, interest rates, interest rates on new mortgage loans, expectation of interest rate changes, current economic conditions, the level of principal remaining on the bond, the bond coupon rate, the bond origination date, and volume of available bonds in market. The calculation of premium amortization and discount accretion is by nature inexact, and represents management’s best estimate of principal pay downs inherent in the total investment portfolio.
The cumulative net of tax effect of the change in market value of the available-for-sale investment portfolio was a gain of $5,377,000 and is reflected in the Company’s equity. At December 31, 2014, the average life of the investment portfolio was 5.59 years and the market value reflected a pre-tax gain of $8,896,000. Management reviews market value declines on individual investment securities to determine whether they represent other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI). For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2012, no OTTI was recorded. For the year ended December 31, 2013, OTTI was recorded in the amount of $17,000. Future deterioration in the market values of our investment securities may require the Company to recognize additional OTTI losses.
A component of the Company’s strategic plan has been to use its investment portfolio to offset, in part, its interest rate risk relating to variable rate loans. Measured at December 31, 2014, an immediate rate increase of 200 basis points would result in an estimated decrease in the market value of the investment portfolio by approximately $34,993,000. Conversely, with an immediate rate decrease of 200 basis points, the estimated increase in the market value of the investment portfolio would be $26,513,000. The modeling environment assumes management would take no action during an immediate shock of 200 basis points. However, the Company uses those increments to measure its interest rate risk in accordance with regulatory requirements and to measure the possible future risk in the investment portfolio. For further discussion of the Company’s market risk, refer to Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
Management’s review of all investments before purchase includes an analysis of how the security will perform under several interest rate scenarios to monitor whether investments are consistent with our investment policy. The policy addresses issues of average life, duration, and concentration guidelines, prohibited investments, impairment, and prohibited practices.
Total interest income in 2014 increase d $6,203,000 to $41,039,000 compared to $34,836,000 in 2013 and $31,820,000 in 2012. The increase was the result of yield changes, asset mix changes, and an increase in average earning assets, partially offset by an increase in interest-bearing liabilities, primarily as a result of the VCB acquisition. The yield on interest earning
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assets decrease d to 4.22% for the year ended December 31, 2014 from 4.24% for the year ended December 31, 2013. Average interest earning assets increase d to $1,052,097,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to $895,330,000 for the year ended December 31, 2013. Average interest-earning deposits in other banks increase d $7,109,000 comparing 2014 to 2013. Average yield on these deposits was 0.32%. Average investments increase d $68,007,000 but the tax equivalent yield on average investment securities increase d 30 basis points. Average total loans increase d $85,046,000 and the yield on average loans decrease d 43 basis points.
Impacting the increase in total interest income in 2013 was the collection of $1,435,000 of net foregone interest, asset mix changes, and increase in average earning assets, partially offset by an increase in interest-bearing liabilities. The yield on interest-earning assets decrease d to 4.24% for the year ended December 31, 2013 from 4.46% for the year ended December 31, 2012. Average interest-earning assets increased to $895,330,000 for the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to $766,937,000 for the year ended December 31, 2012.
Interest expense on deposits in 2014 decrease d $210,000 or 16.54% to $1,060,000 compared to $1,270,000 in 2013 and $1,630,000 in 2012. The decrease in interest expense in 2014 compared to 2013 was primarily due to the repricing of interest-bearing deposits which decrease d 6 basis points to 0.16% in 2014 from 0.22% in 2013. The decrease in interest expense in 2013 compared to 2012 was due to repricing of interest-bearing deposits, which decreased 10 basis points to 0.22% in 2013 from 0.32% in 2012. Average interest-bearing deposits were $657,738,000 for 2014 compared to $564,537,000 and $502,072,000 for 2013 and 2012, respectively. The increases in average interest-bearing deposits in 2014 and 2013 was the result of the VCB acquisition and our own organic growth.
Average other borrowings decreased to $5,155,000 with an effective rate of 1.83% for 2014 compared to $5,645,000 with an effective rate of 2.05% for 2013. In 2012, the average other borrowings were $9,156,000 with an effective rate of 2.76%. Included in other borrowings are the junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures acquired from Service 1 st, advances on lines of credit and advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB). The debentures were acquired in the merger with Service 1st and carry a floating rate based on the three month LIBOR plus a margin 1.60%. The rate was 1.83% for 2014, 1.84% for 2013, and 1.94% for 2012. The FHLB advances are fixed rate short-term and long-term borrowings. Advances were utilized as part of a leveraged strategy in the first quarter of 2008 to purchase investment securities. The FHLB advances have matured and have not been replaced due to the influx of deposits. The effective rate of the FHLB advances was 3.64 for 2013, and 3.59% 2012.
The cost of all of our interest-bearing liabilities decrease d 7 basis points to 0.17% for 2014 compared to 0.24% for 2013 and 0.37% for 2012. The cost of total deposits decrease d to 0.11% for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to 0.15% and 0.23% for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Average demand deposits increase d 22.84% to $348,822,000 in 2014 compared to $283,956,000 for 2013 and $217,529,000 for 2012. The ratio of non-interest demand deposits to total deposits increased to 34.65% for 2014 compared to 33.47% and 30.23% for 2013 and 2012, respectively.
Net Interest Income before Provision for Credit Losses
Net interest income before provision for credit losses for 2014 increase d $6,432,000 or 19.23% to $39,883,000 compared to $33,451,000 for 2013 and $29,937,000 for 2012. The increase in 2014 was due to the increase in average earning assets and 7 basis point decrease in the average interest rate on interest-bearing deposits, partially offset by the decrease in the average rate on earning assets. Our net interest margin (NIM) increase d 2 basis points. Yield on interest earning assets decrease d 2 basis points while the effective rate on interest bearing liabilities decrease d 7 basis points. The change in the mix of average interest earning assets also affected NIM. Interest-earning deposits in other banks and investment securities, which tend to have lower effective yields, increased. Net interest income before provision for credit losses increased $3,514,000 in 2013 compared to 2012, mainly due to the increase in average earning assets and 9 basis point decrease in the average interest rate on deposits liabilities. Average interest-earning assets were $1,052,097,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014 with a net interest margin (NIM) of 4.11% compared to $895,330,000 with a NIM of 4.09% in 2013, and $766,937,000 with a NIM of 4.21% in 2012. For a discussion of the repricing of our assets and liabilities, refer to Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk.
Provision for Credit Losses
We provide for probable incurred credit losses through a charge to operating income based upon the composition of the loan portfolio, delinquency levels, losses and nonperforming assets, economic and environmental conditions and other factors which, in management’s judgment, deserve recognition in estimating credit losses. Loans are charged off when they are considered uncollectible or of such little value that continuance as an active earning bank asset is not warranted.
The establishment of an adequate credit allowance is based on both an accurate risk rating system and loan portfolio management tools. The Board has established initial responsibility for the accuracy of credit risk grades with the individual credit officer. The grading is then submitted to the Chief Credit Officer (CCO), who reviews the grades for accuracy and gives final approval. The CCO is not involved in loan originations. The risk grading and reserve allocation is analyzed quarterly by the CCO and the Board and at least annually by a third party credit reviewer and by various regulatory agencies.
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Quarterly, the CCO sets the specific reserve for all adversely risk-graded impaired credits. This process includes the utilization of loan delinquency reports, classified asset reports, collateral analysis, and portfolio concentration reports to assist in accurately assessing credit risk and establishing appropriate reserves. Reserves are also allocated to credits that are not impaired based on inherent risk in those loans.
The allowance for credit losses is reviewed at least quarterly by the Board’s Audit/Compliance Committee and by the Board of Directors. Reserves are allocated to loan portfolio categories using percentages which are based on both historical risk elements such as delinquencies and losses and predictive risk elements such as economic, competitive and environmental factors. We have adopted the specific reserve approach to allocate reserves to each impaired asset for the purpose of estimating potential loss exposure. Although the allowance for credit losses is allocated to various portfolio categories, it is general in nature and available for the loan portfolio in its entirety. Additions may be required based on the results of independent loan portfolio examinations, regulatory agency examinations, or our own internal review process. Additions are also required when, in management’s judgment, the allowance does not properly reflect the portfolio’s probable loss exposure.
The allocation of the allowance for credit losses is set forth below:

Loan Type (Dollars in thousands) |  | December 31, 2014 |  | % of Total Loans |  | December 31, 2013 |  | % of Total Loans
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 2,753 |  |  | 15.5 | % |  | $ | 1,928 |  |  | 17.0 | %
Agricultural land and production |  | 377 |  |  | 6.8 | % |  | 516 |  |  | 6.1 | %
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | 1,380 |  |  | 30.9 | % |  | 1,697 |  |  | 30.6 | %
Real estate construction and other land loans |  | 837 |  |  | 6.8 | % |  | 1,289 |  |  | 8.3 | %
Commercial real estate |  | 1,201 |  |  | 18.7 | % |  | 1,406 |  |  | 16.8 | %
Agricultural real estate |  | 564 |  |  | 10.0 | % |  | 672 |  |  | 8.6 | %
Other real estate |  | 76 |  |  | 1.2 | % |  | 110 |  |  | 0.9 | %
Total real estate |  | 4,058 |  |  | 67.6 | % |  | 5,174 |  |  | 65.2 | %
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity loans and lines of credit |  | 811 |  |  | 8.3 | % |  | 874 |  |  | 9.5 | %
Consumer and installment |  | 267 |  |  | 1.8 | % |  | 294 |  |  | 2.2 | %
Unallocated reserves |  | 42 |  |  |  |  |  | 422 |  |  |  |
Total allowance for credit losses |  | $ | 8,308 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 9,208 |  |  |  |

Loans are charged to the allowance for credit losses when the loans are deemed uncollectible. It is the policy of management to make additions to the allowance so that it remains adequate to cover all probable incurred credit losses that exist in the portfolio at that time. We assign qualitative and environmental factors (Q factors) to each loan category. Q factors include reserves held for the effects of lending policies, economic trends, and portfolio trends along with other dynamics which may cause additional stress to the portfolio.
Managing credits identified through the risk evaluation methodology includes developing a business strategy with the customer to mitigate our potential losses. Management continues to monitor these credits with a view to identifying as early as possible when, and to what extent, additional provisions may be necessary. See further discussion of the impact of the VCB acquisition on the allowance for credit losses in the Results of Operations Allowance for Credit Losses section below.
There were $7,985,000 additions made to the allowance for credit losses in 2014, compared to none and $700,000 for the same period in 2013 and 2012, respectively. These provisions are primarily the result of our assessment of the overall adequacy of the allowance for credit losses considering a number of factors as discussed in the “Allowance for Credit Losses” section below. During the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company recorded a provision for credit losses of approximately $8.4 million in connection with the partial charge-off of a single commercial and agricultural relationship. The total charge-off related to this credit was $7.7 million. The remaining loan balance of $10,226,000, which management believes is adequately secured by real estate and various business assets, was placed on non-accrual status during the fourth quarter of 2014, and resulted in the reversal of unpaid interest and fees of $224,000. The Company believes this reduced loan balance is reasonably collectible, although further credit deterioration is possible. Management of the Company continues to work to minimize any future charge-offs related to this credit. In addition, based on the facts leading to the identification of this impaired loan relationship and the subsequent charge-off, management believes that the risk characteristics of this loan relationship are isolated and not an indication of an increase in the overall risk profile of the loan portfolio as a whole. Absent this loan relationship’s impact on the allowance ratios and criticized and non-performing loan totals noted above, management believes
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that activities during the year ended 2014 resulted in an overall improvement in the risk profile of the Company’s loan portfolio as compared to 2013 and 2012.
The decrease in unallocated reserves in the current period is primarily due to an additional risk factor which management is further analyzing related to the recent increase in long-term interest rates and the effects that higher rates may have on certain borrowers’ debt service capabilities, particularly those with home equity loans. During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company had net charge offs totaling $8,885,000 compared to $925,000 and $668,000 for the same periods in 2013 and 2012, respectively. The net charge off ratio, which reflects net charge-offs to average loans, was 1.65%, 0.20% and 0.16% for 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively.
Nonperforming loans were $14,052,000 and $7,586,000 at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Nonperforming loans as a percentage of total loans were 2.45% at December 31, 2014 compared to 1.48% at December 31, 2013. The Company had no other real estate owned at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2012 as compared to $190,000 at December 31, 2013.
We had loans past due, not including non accrual loans, totaling $298,000 at December 31, 2014 compared to $637,000 at December 31, 2013. Losses in the loan portfolio and non-accruing balances remain elevated relative to historical periods and an increase in the level of charge-offs and the number and dollar volume of past due and nonperforming loans may result in further provisions to the allowance for credit losses.
Notwithstanding improvements in the economy, we anticipate weakness in economic conditions on national, state and local levels to continue. Continued economic pressures may negatively impact the financial condition of borrowers to whom the Company has extended credit and as a result we may be required to make further significant provisions to the allowance for credit losses in the future. Many of the agricultural crops grown by our Central Valley customers have been harvested with preliminary results demonstrating that California’s drought has definitely had an impact with lower crop yields compared to the previous year for certain crops. Many farmers and ranchers have instituted improved farming practices including planting less acreage, as part of the mitigation for the cost of water delivery and the expense of pumping. By closely monitoring the water and the related issues affecting our customers in 2014, we believe that drought-related risks are being mitigated as we look to 2015 knowing that the need for rain and a significant snow pack in the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range continue to be important factors for the short and long-term economic impact on agribusiness in California’s San Joaquin Valley. We have been and will continue to be proactive in looking for signs of deterioration within the loan portfolio in an effort to manage credit quality and work with borrowers where possible to mitigate any further losses.
As of December 31, 2014, we believe, based on all current and available information, the allowance for credit losses is adequate to absorb probable incurred losses within the loan portfolio; however, no assurance can be given that we may not sustain charge-offs which are in excess of the allowance in any given period. Refer to “Allowance for Credit Losses” below for further information.
Net Interest Income after Provision for Credit Losses
Net interest income, after the provision for credit losses of $7,985,000 in 2014, none in 2013, and $700,000 in 2012, was $31,898,000 for 2014 compared to $33,451,000 and $29,237,000 for 2013 and 2012, respectively.
Non-Interest Income
Non-interest income is comprised of customer service charges, gains on sales and calls of investment securities, income from appreciation in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance, loan placement fees, Federal Home Loan Bank dividends, and other income. Non-interest income was $8,164,000 in 2014 compared to $7,831,000 and $7,242,000 in 2013 and 2012, respectively. The $333,000 or 4.25% increase in non-interest income was due to increases in service charge income, interchange fees, appreciation in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance, Federal Home Loan Bank dividends, and gain on sale of other real estate owned compared to the comparable 2013 period, partially offset by a decrease in net realized gains on sales and calls of investment securities and loan placement fees. The $590,000 or 8.15% increases non-interest income comparing 2013 to 2012 was due to increases in service charge income, interchange fees, Federal Home Loan Bank dividends, and loan placement fees partially offset by gains on sales and calls of investment securities.
Customer service charges increase d $124,000 to $3,280,000 in 2014 compared to $3,156,000 in 2013 and $2,774,000 in 2012. The increase in 2014 from 2013, and in 2013 from 2012 is mainly due to increases in overdraft and analyzed service charge fee income. The $382,000 increase in 2013 is due to the inclusion of VCB service charges of approximately $510,000 offset by a decrease in the legacy Company service charge income of 128,000.
During the year ended December 31, 2014, we realized net gains on sales and calls of investment securities of $904,000. In 2013, we realized a net gain of $1,265,000 compared to a net gain of $1,639,000 in 2012 from sales and calls of securities. The net gains in 2014 , 2013, and 2012 were the results of partial restructuring of the investment portfolio designed to improve the future performance of the portfolio. See Footnote 4 to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements for more detail.
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Income from the appreciation in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance (BOLI) totaled $614,000 in 2014 compared to $495,000 and $391,000 in 2013 and 2012, respectively. The Bank’s salary continuation and deferred compensation plans and the related BOLI are used as a retention tool for directors and key executives of the Bank.
Interchange fees totaled $1,205,000 in 2014 compared to $962,000 and $767,000 in 2013 and 2012, respectively. Part of the increases in 2014 and 2013 are attributable to the VCB acquisition.
We earn loan placement fees from the brokerage of single-family residential mortgage loans provided for the convenience of our customers. Loan placement fees decreased $133,000 in 2014 to $544,000 compared to $677,000 in 2013 and $631,000 in 2012. Fees were lower in 2014 compared to 2013 and 2012. Refinancing and new mortgage activity decreased slightly in 2014 and 2013, even though we continue to see the historically low mortgage rates, a decline in housing values and first time home buyer tax incentives.
The Bank holds stock from the Federal Home Loan Bank in relationship with its borrowing capacity and generally receives quarterly dividends. As of December 31, 2014, we held $4,791,000 in FHLB stock compared to $4,499,000 at December 31, 2013. Dividends in 2014 increased to $327,000 compared to $177,000 in 2013 and $36,000 in 2012.
Other income increase d to $1,227,000 in 2014 compared to $1,099,000 and $992,000 in 2013 and 2012, respectively. The period-to-period increase in 2014 compared to 2013 was primarily due to increases in electronic funds transfer fee income and non-customer check cashing fees.
Non-Interest Expenses
Salaries and employee benefits, occupancy and equipment, regulatory assessments, acquisition and integration-related expenses, data processing expenses, ATM/Debit card expenses, license and maintenance contract expenses, and professional services (consisting of audit, accounting, consulting and legal fees) are the major categories of non-interest expenses. Non-interest expenses increased $3,653,000 or 11.53% to $35,338,000 in 2014 compared to $31,685,000 in 2013, and $27,274,000 in 2012.
Our efficiency ratio, measured as the percentage of non-interest expenses (exclusive of amortization of core deposit intangibles and other real estate owned expenses) to net interest income before provision for credit losses plus non-interest income (exclusive of realized gains or losses on sale and calls of investments) was 73.85% for 2014 compared to 78.50% for 2013 and 75.99% for 2012. The improvement in the efficiency ratio in 2014 is due to the growth in revenues outpacing the growth in non-interest expense. The decline in the efficiency ratio in 2013 compared to 2012 is due to an increase in operating expenses partially offset by an increase in net interest income.
Salaries and employee benefits increase d $2,294,000 or 13.16% to $19,721,000 in 2014 compared to $17,427,000 in 2013 and $15,597,000 in 2012. Full time equivalents were 271 for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to 241 for the year ended December 31, 2013.
At December 31, 2014, we had two share based compensation plans under which compensation expense is recognized based on the estimated fair value of the awards at the date of the grant. The Central Valley Community Bancorp 2000 Stock Option Plan (2000 Plan) for which 198,830 shares remain reserved for issuance for options already granted under incentive and nonstatutory agreements. This plan expired in November 2010 and no new options will be granted under this plan. The Central Valley Community Bancorp 2005 Omnibus Incentive Plan (2005 Plan) provides for awards in the form of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, and restricted stock. Currently under the 2005 Plan, there are 226,380 shares reserved for issuance for options and restricted stock awards already granted to employees and directors.
The Company bases the fair value of the options previously granted on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model that uses assumptions based on expected option life, the level of estimated forfeitures, expected stock volatility and the risk-free interest rate. Stock volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve and the expected term of the options. The expected term of the options represents the period that the Company’s options are expected to be outstanding.
For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, the compensation cost recognized for share based compensation was $173,000, $98,000 and $108,000, respectively.
As of December 31, 2014, there was $169,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the two plans. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.36 years. See Notes 1 and 15 to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements for more detail.
No options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock were issued during the years ending December 31, 2014 and 2013. In 2012, options to purchase 92,150 shares of common stock were granted from the 2005 Plan at exercise prices between $8.02 and $8.75. All options were granted with an exercise price equal to the market value on the grant date.
During the year ended December 31, 2014, 57,330 shares of restricted common stock were granted from the 2005 Plan. The restricted common stock had a fair market value of $12.68 per share on the date of grant.
Occupancy and equipment expense increase d $726,000 or 17.67% to $4,835,000 in 2014 compared to $4,109,000 in 2013 and $3,578,000 in 2012. The increases in 2014 and 2013 were primarily due to increases in rent and depreciation expense for the premises acquired from VCB. The Company made no changes in depreciation expense methodology.
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Regulatory assessments decreased $66,000 or 9.48% to $762,000 in 2014 compared to $696,000 and $652,000 in 2013 and 2012, respectively.
Acquisition and integration-related expenses which were all related to the VCB acquisition decrease d $976,000 to none in 2014 compared to 2013. We recorded $284,000 in acquisition and integration expenses in 2012.
Data processing expenses were $1,820,000 in 2014 compared to $1,383,000 in 2013 and $1,125,000 in 2012. The $437,000 or 31.60% increase in 2014, and the $258,000 or 22.93% increase in 2013 compared to 2012 is the result of increased processing charges related to increase of accounts and services provided to our customers and branches.
Amortization of core deposit intangibles was $337,000 for 2014, $268,000 for 2013, and $200,000 for 2012. During 2014, amortization expense related to Service 1st Bank core deposit intangible (CDI) was $200,000, and amortization expense related to VCB CDI was $137,000. During 2013, amortization expense related to Service 1st Bank core deposit intangible (CDI) was $200,000, and amortization expense related to VCB CDI was $68,000. During 2012, CDI amortization expense related solely to Service 1st Bank CDI.
Consulting fees decrease d $222,000 to $239,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to $461,000 and $162,000 in 2013 and 2012, respectively. Higher consulting fees in 2013 related to costs for recruiting qualified candidates for a Bank President position and for support and defense for the Company’s tax examination.
ATM/Debit card expenses increase d $97,000 to $624,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to $527,000 in 2013 and 2012. License and maintenance contracts increase d $16,000 to $488,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to $472,000 and $362,000 in 2013 and 2012, respectively. Other non-interest expenses increased $757,000 or 19.01% to $4,739,000 in 2014 compared to $3,982,000 in 2013 and $3,603,000 in 2012, primarily due to the VCB acquisition.
The following table describes significant components of other non-interest expense as a percentage of average assets.

For the years ended December 31, (Dollars in thousands) |  | Other Expense 2014 |  | % Average Assets |  | Other Expense 2013 |  | % Average Assets |  | Other Expense 2012 |  | % Average Assets
Legal |  | $ | 273 |  |  | 0.02 | % |  | $ | 116 |  |  | 0.01 | % |  | $ | 185 |  |  | 0.02 | %
Stationery/supplies |  | 266 |  |  | 0.02 | % |  | 257 |  |  | 0.03 | % |  | 221 |  |  | 0.03 | %
Amortization of software |  | 224 |  |  | 0.02 | % |  | 243 |  |  | 0.02 | % |  | 196 |  |  | 0.02 | %
Director fees and related expenses |  | 262 |  |  | 0.02 | % |  | 233 |  |  | 0.02 | % |  | 215 |  |  | 0.03 | %
Telephone |  | 230 |  |  | 0.02 | % |  | 219 |  |  | 0.02 | % |  | 169 |  |  | 0.02 | %
Postage |  | 238 |  |  | 0.02 | % |  | 202 |  |  | 0.02 | % |  | 183 |  |  | 0.02 | %
Armored courier fees |  | 221 |  |  | 0.02 | % |  | 155 |  |  | 0.02 | % |  | 88 |  |  | 0.01 | %
Compliance Expense |  | 207 |  |  | 0.02 | % |  | 155 |  |  | 0.02 | % |  | 118 |  |  | 0.01 | %
Loss (gain) on sale or write-down of assets |  | 201 |  |  | 0.02 | % |  | (1 | ) |  | — | % |  | — |  |  | — | %
Donations |  | 179 |  |  | 0.02 | % |  | 160 |  |  | 0.02 | % |  | 148 |  |  | 0.02 | %
Personnel other |  | 154 |  |  | 0.01 | % |  | 122 |  |  | 0.01 | % |  | 89 |  |  | 0.01 | %
Education/training |  | 135 |  |  | 0.01 | % |  | 135 |  |  | 0.01 | % |  | 155 |  |  | 0.02 | %
General insurance |  | 141 |  |  | 0.01 | % |  | 126 |  |  | 0.01 | % |  | 120 |  |  | 0.01 | %
Appraisal fees |  | 130 |  |  | 0.01 | % |  | 89 |  |  | 0.01 | % |  | 77 |  |  | 0.01 | %
Operating losses |  | 53 |  |  | — | % |  | 67 |  |  | 0.01 | % |  | 85 |  |  | 0.01 | %
Other |  | 1,825 |  |  | 0.16 | % |  | 1,704 |  |  | 0.17 | % |  | 1,554 |  |  | 0.18 | %
Total other non-interest expense |  | $ | 4,739 |  |  | 0.41 | % |  | $ | 3,982 |  |  | 0.40 | % |  | $ | 3,603 |  |  | 0.42 | %

Provision for Income Taxes
Our effective income tax rate was (12.07)% for 2014 compared to 14.04% for 2013 and 18.31% for 2012. The Company reported an income tax provision (benefit) of $(570,000), $1,347,000, and $1,685,000 for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate in 2014 compared to 2013 was primarily due to a significant increase in the proportion of nontaxable income, such as interest earned on municipal securities and earnings on Bank owned life insurance, to net income. The decrease in the effective tax rate in 2013 compared to 2012 is due to an increase in interest income on non-taxable investment securities and the reversal of a reserve for prior years’ uncertain tax positions. The Company maintains a reserve for uncertain income taxes in accordance with ASC 710-10-25 (formerly FIN 48). During the third quarter of 2013, the California Franchise Tax Board concluded the tax examination of the Company’s 2008, 2009, and 2010 tax filings; and we accordingly reversed the remaining reserve for those tax years. The Company has
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also benefited from tax credits and deductions related to the California enterprise zone program; however, those benefits were reduced beginning January 1, 2014 due to the legislative changes affecting the program. Our low effective tax rate is due primarily to federal tax deductions for tax free municipal bond income, solar tax credits, and state hiring tax credits.
Preferred Stock Dividends and Accretion
On August 18, 2011, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (SPA) with the Small Business Lending Fund of the United States Department of the Treasury (the Treasury), under which the Company issued 7,000 shares of Senior Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series C (Series C Preferred) to the Treasury for an aggregate purchase price of $7,000,000. Simultaneously, the Company agreed with Treasury under a Letter Agreement to redeem, for an aggregate price of $7,000,000, the 7,000 shares of the Company’s Series A Fixed Rate Cumulative Preferred Stock (Series A Stock) originally issued pursuant to the Treasury’s Capital Purchase Program (CPP) in 2009. The redemption of the Series A Stock resulted in an acceleration of the remaining discount booked at the time of the CPP transaction. In connection with the repurchase of the Series A Stock, the Company also repurchased the warrant (the Warrant) to purchase 79,037 shares of the Company’s common stock that was originally issued to Treasury in connection with the CPP transaction for total consideration of $185,000.
On December 31, 2013, the Company redeemed all 7,000 outstanding shares of its Series C Preferred from the Treasury, in exercise of its optional redemption rights pursuant to the terms of the Series C Preferred under the Company’s charter and the SPA. The Company paid the Treasury $7,087,500 in connection with the redemption, representing $1,000 per share of the Series C Preferred plus all accrued and unpaid dividends through the date of the redemption. The obligations of the Company under the SPA are terminated as a result of the redemption. No additional shares of Series C Preferred are outstanding.
We accrued preferred stock dividends to the Treasury and accretion of the issuance discount in the amount of $350,000 during the year ended December 31, 2013.
FINANCIAL CONDITION
Summary of Changes in Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31, 2014 compared to December 31, 2013.
Total assets were $1,192,183,000 as of December 31, 2014, compared to $1,145,635,000 as of December 31, 2013, an increase of 4.06% or $46,548,000. Total gross loans were $572,588,000 as of December 31, 2014, compared to $512,357,000 as of December 31, 2013, an increase of $60,231,000 or 11.76%. The total investment portfolio (including Federal funds sold and interest-earning deposits in other banks) decrease d 1.68% or $8,887,000 to $520,511,000. Total deposits increase d 3.49% or $35,009,000 to $1,039,152,000 as of December 31, 2014, compared to $1,004,143,000 as of December 31, 2013. Shareholders’ equity increase d $11,002,000 or 9.17% to $131,045,000 as of December 31, 2014, compared to $120,043,000 as of December 31, 2013. The increase in shareholders' equity was driven by the retention of earnings net of dividends paid and improvement in unrealized gains on available-for-sale investment securities recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI). Accrued interest payable and other liabilities were $16,831,000 as of December 31, 2014, compared to $16,294,000 as of December 31, 2013, an increase of $537,000.
Fair Value
The Company measures the fair values of its financial instruments utilizing a hierarchical framework associated with the level of observable pricing scenarios utilized in measuring financial instruments at fair value. The degree of judgment utilized in measuring the fair value of financial instruments generally correlates to the level of the observable pricing scenario. Financial instruments with readily available actively quoted prices or for which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices generally will have a higher degree of observable pricing and a lesser degree of judgment utilized in measuring fair value. Conversely, financial instruments rarely traded or not quoted will generally have little or no observable pricing and a higher degree of judgment utilized in measuring fair value. Observable pricing scenarios are impacted by a number of factors, including the type of financial instrument, whether the financial instrument is new to the market and not yet established and the characteristics specific to the transaction.
See Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about the level of pricing transparency associated with financial instruments carried at fair value.
Investments
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Our investment portfolio consists primarily of U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies collateralized by residential mortgage backed obligations and obligations of states and political subdivision securities and are classified at the date of acquisition as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity. As of December 31, 2014, investment securities with a fair value of $100,747,000, or 21.69% of our investment securities portfolio, were held as collateral for public funds, short and long-term borrowings, treasury, tax, and for other purposes. Our investment policies are established by the Board of Directors and implemented by our Investment/Asset Liability Committee. They are designed primarily to provide and maintain liquidity, to enable us to meet our pledging requirements for public money and borrowing arrangements, to generate a favorable return on investments without incurring undue interest rate and credit risk, and to complement our lending activities.
The level of our investment portfolio is generally considered higher than our peers due primarily to a comparatively low loan to deposit ratio. Our loan to deposit ratio at December 31, 2014 was 55.10% compared to 51.02% at December 31, 2013. The loan to deposit ratio of our peers was 74.53% at September 30, 2014. Peer group information from SNL Financial data includes bank holding companies in central California with assets from $600 million to $2.5 billion. The total investment portfolio, including Federal funds sold and interest-earning deposits in other banks, decrease d 1.68% or $8,887,000 to $520,511,000 at December 31, 2014, from $529,398,000 at December 31, 2013. The market value of the portfolio reflected an unrealized gain of $8,896,000 at December 31, 2014, compared to an unrealized loss of $3,884,000 at December 31, 2013.
Losses recognized in 2014, 2013, and 2012 were incurred in order to reposition the investment securities portfolio based on the current rate environment. The securities which were sold at a loss were acquired when the rate environment was not as volatile. The securities which were sold were primarily purchased several years ago to serve a purpose in the rate environment in which the securities were purchased. The Company is addressing risks in the security portfolio by selling these securities and using proceeds to purchase securities that fit with the Company’s current risk profile.
We periodically evaluate each investment security for other-than-temporary impairment, relying primarily on industry analyst reports, observation of market conditions and interest rate fluctuations. The portion of the impairment that is attributable to a shortage in the present value of expected future cash flows relative to the amortized cost should be recorded as a current period charge to earnings. The discount rate in this analysis is the original yield expected at time of purchase.
As of December 31, 2014, the Company performed an analysis of the investment portfolio to determine whether any of the investments held in the portfolio had an other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI). Management evaluated all investment securities with an unrealized loss at December 31, 2014, and identified those that had an unrealized loss for at least a consecutive 12 month period, which had an unrealized loss at December 31, 2014 greater than 10% of the recorded book value on that date, or which had an unrealized loss of more than $10,000. Management also analyzed any securities that may have been downgraded by credit rating agencies.
For those bonds that met the evaluation criteria management obtained and reviewed the most recently published national credit ratings for those bonds. For those bonds that were municipal debt securities with an investment grade rating by the rating agencies, management also evaluated the financial condition of the municipality and any applicable municipal bond insurance provider and concluded that no credit related impairment existed.
At December 31, 2014, the Company had a total of 20 PLRMBS with a remaining principal balance of $3,079,000 and a net unrealized gain of approximately $1,614,000. Ten of these PLRMBS with a remaining principal balance of $2,614,000 had credit ratings below investment grade. The Company continues to perform extensive analyses on these securities as well as all whole loan CMOs. No credit related OTTI charges related to PLRMBS were recorded during the year ended December 31, 2014.
See Note 4 to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements for carrying values and estimated fair values of our investment securities portfolio.
Loans
Total gross loans increase d $60,231,000 or 11.76% to $572,588,000 as of December 31, 2014, compared to $512,357,000 as of December 31, 2013.
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The following table sets forth information concerning the composition of our loan portfolio as of and for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, and 2010.

|  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012 |  | 2011 |  | 2010
Loan Type (Dollars in thousands) |  | Amount |  | % of Total Loans |  | Amount |  | % of Total Loans |  | Amount |  | % of Total Loans |  | Amount |  | % of Total Loans |  | Amount |  | % of Total Loans
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 89,007 |  |  | 15.5 | % |  | $ | 87,082 |  |  | 17.0 | % |  | $ | 77,956 |  |  | 19.7 | % |  | $ | 78,089 |  |  | 18.3 | % |  | $ | 81,318 |  |  | 18.8 | %
Agricultural land and production |  | 39,140 |  |  | 6.8 | % |  | 31,649 |  |  | 6.1 | % |  | 26,599 |  |  | 6.7 | % |  | 29,958 |  |  | 7.0 | % |  | 20,604 |  |  | 4.8 | %
Total commercial |  | 128,147 |  |  | 22.3 | % |  | 118,731 |  |  | 23.1 | % |  | 104,555 |  |  | 26.4 | % |  | 108,047 |  |  | 25.3 | % |  | 101,922 |  |  | 23.6 | %
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | 176,804 |  |  | 30.9 | % |  | 156,781 |  |  | 30.6 | % |  | 114,444 |  |  | 28.9 | % |  | 113,183 |  |  | 26.4 | % |  | 111,888 |  |  | 25.9 | %
Real estate-construction and other land loans |  | 38,923 |  |  | 6.8 | % |  | 42,329 |  |  | 8.3 | % |  | 33,199 |  |  | 8.4 | % |  | 33,047 |  |  | 7.7 | % |  | 32,038 |  |  | 7.4 | %
Commercial real estate |  | 106,788 |  |  | 18.7 | % |  | 86,117 |  |  | 16.8 | % |  | 53,797 |  |  | 13.6 | % |  | 62,523 |  |  | 14.6 | % |  | 63,627 |  |  | 14.7 | %
Agricultural real estate |  | 57,501 |  |  | 10.0 | % |  | 44,164 |  |  | 8.6 | % |  | 28,400 |  |  | 7.2 | % |  | 42,596 |  |  | 9.9 | % |  | 44,397 |  |  | 10.3 | %
Other real estate |  | 6,611 |  |  | 1.2 | % |  | 4,548 |  |  | 0.9 | % |  | 8,098 |  |  | 2.0 | % |  | 7,892 |  |  | 1.8 | % |  | 8,103 |  |  | 1.9 | %
Total real estate |  | 386,627 |  |  | 67.6 | % |  | 333,939 |  |  | 65.2 | % |  | 237,938 |  |  | 60.1 | % |  | 259,241 |  |  | 60.4 | % |  | 260,053 |  |  | 60.2 | %
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity loans and lines of credit |  | 47,575 |  |  | 8.3 | % |  | 48,594 |  |  | 9.5 | % |  | 42,932 |  |  | 10.9 | % |  | 51,106 |  |  | 12.0 | % |  | 58,860 |  |  | 13.6 | %
Consumer and installment |  | 10,093 |  |  | 1.8 | % |  | 11,252 |  |  | 2.2 | % |  | 10,346 |  |  | 2.6 | % |  | 9,765 |  |  | 2.3 | % |  | 11,261 |  |  | 2.6 | %
Total consumer |  | 57,668 |  |  | 10.1 | % |  | 59,846 |  |  | 11.7 | % |  | 53,278 |  |  | 13.5 | % |  | 60,871 |  |  | 14.3 | % |  | 70,121 |  |  | 16.2 | %
Deferred loan fees, net |  | 146 |  |  |  |  |  | (159 | ) |  |  |  |  | (453 | ) |  |  |  | (764 | ) |  |  |  | (499 | ) |  |
Total gross loans |  | 572,588 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 512,357 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 395,318 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 427,395 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 431,597 |  |  | 100.0 | %
Allowance for credit losses |  | (8,308 | ) |  |  |  |  | (9,208 | ) |  |  |  |  | (10,133 | ) |  |  |  | (11,396 | ) |  |  |  | (11,014 | ) |  |
Total loans |  | $ | 564,280 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 503,149 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 385,185 |  |  |  |  | $ | 415,999 |  |  |  |  | $ | 420,583 |  |  |

At December 31, 2014, loans acquired in the VCB acquisition had a balance of $77,882,000, of which $3,590,000 were commercial loans, $62,792,000 were real estate loans, and $11,500,000 were consumer loans. At December 31, 2013, loans acquired in the VCB acquisition had a balance of $99,948,000, of which $12,686,000 were commercial loans, $71,833,000 were real estate loans, and $15,429,000 were consumer loans.
At December 31, 2014, in management’s judgment, a concentration of loans existed in commercial loans and real-estate-related loans, representing approximately 98.2% of total loans of which 22.3% were commercial and 75.9% were real-estate-related. This level of concentration is consistent with 97.8% at December 31, 2013. Although we believe the loans within this concentration have no more than the normal risk of collectability, a substantial further decline in the performance of the economy in general or a further decline in real estate values in our primary market areas, in particular, could have an adverse impact on collectability, increase the level of real estate-related nonperforming loans, or have other adverse effects which alone or in the aggregate could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The Company was not involved in any sub-prime mortgage lending activities at December 31, 2014 and 2013.
We believe that our commercial real estate loan underwriting policies and practices result in prudent extensions of credit, but recognize that our lending activities result in relatively high reported commercial real estate lending levels. Commercial real estate loans include certain loans which represent low to moderate risk and certain loans with higher risks.
The Board of Directors review and approve concentration limits and exceptions to limitations of concentration are reported to the Board of Directors at least quarterly.
Nonperforming Assets
Nonperforming assets consist of loans past due 90 days or more that are still accruing interest, loans on nonaccrual status, and foreclosed property classified as Other Real Estate Owned (OREO). We measure all loans placed on nonaccrual status for impairment based on the fair value of the underlying collateral or the net present value of the expected cash flows.
At December 31, 2014, total nonperforming assets totaled $14,052,000, or 1.18% of total assets, compared to $7,776,000, or 0.68% of total assets at December 31, 2013. Total nonperforming assets at December 31, 2014, included nonaccrual loans totaling $14,052,000, no OREO, and no repossessed assets. Nonperforming assets at December 31, 2013 consisted of $7,586,000 in nonaccrual loans, $190,000 in OREO, and no repossessed assets. At December 31, 2014, we had three loans considered troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) totaling $1,826,000 which are included in nonaccrual loans compared to ten TDRs totaling $4,595,000 at December 31, 2013. We have no outstanding commitments to lend additional funds to any of these borrowers.
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A summary of nonaccrual, restructured, and past due loans at December 31, 2014 and 2013 is set forth below. The Company had no loans past due more than 90 days and still accruing interest at December 31, 2014 and 2013. Management is not aware of any potential problem loans, which were current and accruing at December 31, 2014, where serious doubt exists as to the ability of the borrower to comply with the present repayment terms. Management can give no assurance that nonaccrual and other nonperforming loans will not increase in the future.
Composition of Nonaccrual, Past Due and Restructured Loans

(Dollars in thousands) |  | December 31, 2014 |  | December 31, 2013 |  | December 31, 2012 |  | December 31, 2011 |  | December 31, 2010
Nonaccrual Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 7,265 |  |  | $ | 335 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 267 |  |  | $ | 377 |
Owner occupied |  | 1,363 |  |  | 1,777 |  |  | 213 |  |  | 353 |  |  | 1,407 |
Real estate construction and other land loans |  | 360 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,634 |
Commercial real estate |  | 1,468 |  |  | 158 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,434 |  |  | — |
Equity loans and line of credit |  | 1,751 |  |  | 721 |  |  | 237 |  |  | 705 |  |  | 488 |
Consumer and installment |  | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 74 |  |  | — |
Restructured loans (non-accruing) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | — |  |  | 1,192 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,978 |
Owner occupied |  | — |  |  | 384 |  |  | 1,362 |  |  | 1,019 |  |  | 2,370 |
Real estate construction and other land loans |  | 547 |  |  | 1,450 |  |  | 6,288 |  |  | 6,823 |  |  | 2,193 |
Commercial real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,110 |  |  | 1,828 |
Other real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,286 |
Equity loans and line of credit |  | 1,279 |  |  | 1,565 |  |  | 1,595 |  |  | 1,649 |  |  | — |
Consumer and Installment |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total nonaccrual |  | 14,052 |  |  | 7,586 |  |  | 9,695 |  |  | 14,434 |  |  | 18,561 |
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total nonperforming loans |  | $ | 14,052 |  |  | $ | 7,586 |  |  | $ | 9,695 |  |  | $ | 14,434 |  |  | $ | 18,561 |
Nonperforming loans to total loans |  | 2.45 | % |  | 1.48 | % |  | 2.45 | % |  | 3.38 | % |  | 4.30 | %
Ratio of nonperforming loans to allowance for credit losses |  | 169.14 | % |  | 82.38 | % |  | 95.68 | % |  | 126.66 | % |  | 168.52 | %
Loans considered to be impaired |  | $ | 18,826 |  |  | $ | 13,357 |  |  | $ | 17,105 |  |  | $ | 23,644 |  |  | $ | 18,561 |
Related allowance for credit losses on impaired loans |  | $ | 612 |  |  | $ | 1,007 |  |  | $ | 510 |  |  | $ | 4,368 |  |  | $ | 2,124 |

We measure our impaired loans by using the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent and the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s original contractual interest rate if the loan is not collateral dependent. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, we had impaired loans totaling $18,826,000 and $13,357,000, respectively. For collateral dependent loans secured by real estate, we obtain external appraisals which are updated at least annually to determine the fair value of the collateral, and we record an immediate charge off for the difference between the book value of the loan and the appraised less selling costs value of the collateral. We perform quarterly internal reviews on substandard loans. We place loans on nonaccrual status and classify them as impaired when it becomes probable that we will not receive interest and principal under the original contractual terms, or when loans are delinquent 90 days or more unless the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection. Management maintains certain loans that have been brought current by the borrower (less than 30 days delinquent) on nonaccrual status until such time as management has determined that the loans are likely to remain current in future periods. Foregone interest on nonaccrual loans totaled $716,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014 of which $139,000 was attributable to troubled debt restructurings. Foregone interest on nonaccrual loans totaled $661,000 and $693,000 for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively of which $279,000 and $669,000 was attributable to troubled debt restructurings, respectively.
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The following table provides a reconciliation of the change in non-accrual loans for the year ended December 31, 2014.

(Dollars in thousands) |  | Balances December 31, 2013 |  | Additions to Nonaccrual Loans |  | Net Pay Downs |  | Transfer to Foreclosed Collateral - OREO |  | Returns to Accrual Status |  | Charge Offs |  | Balances December 31, 2014
Non-accrual loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 335 |  |  | $ | 13,651 |  |  | $ | (346 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (20 | ) |  | $ | (6,355 | ) |  | $ | 7,265 |
Agricultural land and production |  | — |  |  | 1,722 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,722 | ) |  | — |
Real estate |  | 1,935 |  |  | 4,426 |  |  | (2,925 | ) |  | (235 | ) |  | (187 | ) |  | (183 | ) |  | 2,831 |
Agricultural real estate |  | — |  |  | 360 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 360 |
Equity loans and lines of credit |  | 751 |  |  | 1,318 |  |  | (259 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (59 | ) |  | 1,751 |
Consumer |  | — |  |  | 23 |  |  | (4 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19 |
Restructured loans (non-accruing): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | 1,192 |  |  | — |  |  | (145 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,047 | ) |  | — |
Real estate |  | 384 |  |  | — |  |  | (384 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate construction and land development |  | 1,450 |  |  | — |  |  | (903 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 547 |
Equity loans and lines of credit |  | 1,535 |  |  | 6 |  |  | (196 | ) |  | — |  |  | (66 | ) |  | — |  |  | 1,279 |
Consumer |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Total non-accrual |  | $ | 7,586 |  |  | $ | 21,506 |  |  | $ | (5,162 | ) |  | $ | (235 | ) |  | $ | (277 | ) |  | $ | (9,366 | ) |  | $ | 14,052 |

The following table provides a summary of the annual change in the OREO balance:

|  | Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2014 |  | 2013
Balance, Beginning of year |  | $ | 190 |  |  | $ | — |
Additions |  | 235 |  |  | 453 |
Dispositions |  | (488 | ) |  | (263 | )
Write-downs |  | — |  |  | — |
Net gain on disposition |  | 63 |  |  | — |
Balance, End of year |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 190 |

OREO represents real property taken either through foreclosure or through a deed in lieu thereof from the borrower. OREO is carried at the lesser of cost or fair market value, less selling costs. As of December 31, 2014, the Company had no OREO properties. As of December 31, 2013 the Company had $190,000 in OREO property which was subsequently sold for book value during January 2014.
Allowance for Credit Losses
We have established a methodology for the determination of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses made up of general and specific allocations. The methodology is set forth in a formal policy and takes into consideration the need for an overall allowance for credit losses as well as specific allowances that are tied to individual loans. The allowance for credit losses is an estimate of probable incurred credit losses in the Company’s loan portfolio. The allowance consists of two primary components, specific reserves related to impaired loans and general reserves for inherent losses related to loans that are not impaired.
For all portfolio segments, the determination of the general reserve for loans that are not impaired is based on estimates made by management, including but not limited to, consideration of historical losses by portfolio segment (and in certain cases peer loss data) over the most recent 20 quarters, and qualitative factors including economic trends in the
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Company’s service areas, industry experience and trends, geographic concentrations, estimated collateral values, the Company’s underwriting policies, the character of the loan portfolio, and probable losses incurred in the portfolio taken as a whole. Management has determined that the most recent 20 quarters was an appropriate look back period based on several factors including the current global economic uncertainty and various national and local economic indicators, and a time period sufficient to capture enough data due to the size of the portfolio to produce statistically accurate historical loss calculations. We believe this period is an appropriate look back period.
In originating loans, we recognize that losses will be experienced and that the risk of loss will vary with, among other things, the type of loan being made, the creditworthiness of the borrower over the term of the loan, general economic conditions and, in the case of a secured loan, the quality of the collateral securing the loan. The allowance is increased by provisions charged against earnings and reduced by net loan charge offs. Loans are charged off when they are deemed to be uncollectible, or partially charged off when portions of a loan are deemed to be uncollectible. Recoveries are generally recorded only when cash payments are received.
The allowance for credit losses is maintained to cover probable incurred losses in the loan portfolio. The responsibility for the review of our assets and the determination of the adequacy lies with management and our Audit Committee. They delegate the authority to the Chief Credit Officer (CCO) to determine the loss reserve ratio for each type of asset and to review, at least quarterly, the adequacy of the allowance based on an evaluation of the portfolio, past experience, prevailing market conditions, amount of government guarantees, concentration in loan types and other relevant factors.
The allowance for credit losses is an estimate of the probable incurred losses in our loan and lease portfolio. The allowance is based on principles of accounting: (1) ASC 450-20 which requires losses to be accrued for on loans when they are probable of occurring and can be reasonably estimated and (2) ASC 310-10 which requires that losses be accrued based on the differences between the value of collateral, present value of future cash flows or values that are observable in the secondary market and the loan balance.
Credit Administration adheres to an internal asset review system and loss allowance methodology designed to provide for timely recognition of problem assets and adequate valuation allowances to cover probable incurred losses. The Bank’s asset monitoring process includes the use of asset classifications to segregate the assets, largely loans and real estate, into various risk categories. The Bank uses the various asset classifications as a means of measuring risk and determining the adequacy of valuation allowances by using a nine-grade system to classify assets. In general, all credit facilities exceeding 90 days of delinquency require classification and are placed on nonaccrual.
The following table sets forth information regarding our allowance for credit losses at the dates and for the periods indicated:

|  | Years Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2014 |  | 2013
Balance, beginning of year |  | $ | 9,208 |  |  | $ | 10,133 |
Provision charged to operations |  | 7,985 |  |  | — |
Losses charged to allowance |  | (9,834 | ) |  | (1,446 | )
Recoveries |  | 949 |  |  | 521 |
Balance, end of year |  | $ | 8,308 |  |  | $ | 9,208 |
Allowance for credit losses to total loans |  | 1.45 | % |  | 1.80 | %

As of December 31, 2014, the allowance for credit losses (ALLL) stood at $8,308,000, compared to $9,208,000 at December 31, 2013, a net decrease of $900,000 reflecting the net charge-offs, the majority of which related to nonaccrual commercial and agricultural loans charged off. The decrease in the ALLL was due to net charge offs during the year ended December 31, 2014 being greater than the amount of the provision for credit losses and improvement in the historical loss rates by portfolio segment. Net charge offs totaled $8,885,000 while the provision for credit losses was $7,985,000. The balance of commitments to extend credit on undisbursed construction and other loans and letters of credit was $214,131,000 as of December 31, 2014, compared to $192,667,000 as of December 31, 2013. At December 31, 2014 and 2013, the balance of a contingent allocation for probable loan loss experience on unfunded obligations was $165,000 and $141,000, respectively. The contingent allocation for probable loan loss experience on unfunded obligations is calculated by management using an appropriate, systematic, and consistently applied process. While related to credit losses, this allocation is not a part of ALLL and is considered separately as a liability for accounting and regulatory reporting purposes. Risks and uncertainties exist in all lending transactions and our management and Directors’ Loan Committee have established reserve levels based on economic uncertainties and other risks that exist as of each reporting period.
The ALLL as a percentage of total loans was 1.45% at December 31, 2014, and 1.80% at December 31, 2013. Total loans include VCB loans that were recorded at fair value in connection with the acquisition of $77,882,000 at December 31, 2014 and $99,948,000 at December 31, 2013. Excluding these VCB loans from the calculation, the ALLL to total gross loans was 1.68% and 2.23% as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively and general reserves associated with non-
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impaired loans to total non-impaired loans was 1.62% and 2.05%, respectively. The loan portfolio acquired in the VCB merger was booked at fair value with no associated allocation in the ALLL. The size of the fair value discount remains adequate for all non-impaired acquired loans; therefore, there is no associated allocation in the ALLL. The Company’s loan portfolio balances also increased through organic growth. The lower allowance for credit losses to total loans ratio is supported by the recent improvements in credit quality and risk factors such as real estate collateral values and the general economic conditions experienced in the central California communities serviced by the Bank and improvement in the historical loss rates by portfolio segment. In addition, during the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company recorded a charge-off of $7.7 million in connection with the impairment identification of a single commercial and agricultural relationship. The remaining loan balance of $10,226,000, which management believes is adequately secured by real estate and various business assets, was placed on non-accrual status during the fourth quarter of 2014. The Company believes this reduced loan balance is reasonably collectible, and management of the Company continues to work to minimize any future charge-offs related to this credit. Based on the facts leading to the identification of this impaired loan relationship and the subsequent charge-off, management believes that the risk characteristics of this loan relationship are isolated and not an indication of an increase in the overall risk profile of the loan portfolio as a whole. Absent this loan relationship’s impact on the allowance ratios and criticized and non-performing loan totals noted above, management believes that activities during the year ended 2014 resulted in an overall improvement in the risk profile of the Company’s loan portfolio as compared to 2013 and 2012.
The determination of the general reserve for loans that are not impaired is based on estimates made by management, including but not limited to, consideration of historical losses by portfolio segment over the most recent 20 quarters, and qualitative factors. Assumptions regarding the collateral value of various under-performing loans may affect the level and allocation of the allowance for credit losses in future periods. The allowance may also be affected by trends in the amount of charge offs experienced or expected trends within different loan portfolios. Historically, the highest annualized rates of net charge-offs experienced by the Company occurred prior to 2011. Under the current ALLL methodology, as periods of high charge-off rates included in the rolling 20 quarter analysis are replaced by lower charge-off rates, the calculated reserve rates may continue to decline. However, the total reserve rates on non-impaired loans may be augmented by changes in qualitative factors. Based on the above considerations and given continued improvement in historical charge-off rates and other factors such as declines in the level of delinquent and adversely graded loans in the general reserve pools, management determined that the ALLL was appropriate as of December 31, 2014.
Non-performing loans totaled $14,052,000 as of December 31, 2014, and $7,586,000 as of December 31, 2013. The allowance for credit losses as a percentage of nonperforming loans was 59.12% and 121.38% as of December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. In addition, management believes that the likelihood of recoveries on previously charged-off loans continues to improve based on the collection efforts of management combined with improvements in the value of real estate which serves as the primary source of collateral for loans. Management believes the allowance at December 31, 2014 is adequate based upon its ongoing analysis of the loan portfolio, historical loss trends and other factors. However, no assurance can be given that the Company may not sustain charge-offs which are in excess of the allowance in any given period.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Business combinations involving the Bank’s acquisition of the equity interests or net assets of another enterprise give rise to goodwill. Total goodwill at December 31, 2014 was $29,917,000 consisting of $6,340,000, $14,643,000 and $8,934,000 representing the excess of the cost of Visalia Community Bank, Service 1 st Bancorp and Bank of Madera County, respectively, over the net of the amounts assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the transactions accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. The value of goodwill is ultimately derived from the Bank’s ability to generate net earnings after the acquisitions and is not deductible for tax purposes. A significant decline in net earnings could be indicative of a decline in the fair value of goodwill and result in impairment. For that reason, goodwill is assessed at least annually for impairment.
The Company has selected September 30 as the date to perform the annual impairment test. Management assessed qualitative factors including performance trends and noted no factors indicating goodwill impairment.
Goodwill is also tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the Company below its carrying amount. No such events or circumstances arose during the fourth quarter of 2014, so goodwill was not required to be retested.
The intangible assets at December 31, 2014 represent the estimated fair value of the core deposit relationships acquired in the 2008 acquisition of Service 1 st Bank of $1,400,000 and the 2013 acquisition of Visalia Community Bank of $1,365,000. Core deposit intangibles are being amortized using the straight-line method over an estimated life of seven to ten years from the date of acquisition. The carrying value of intangible assets at December 31, 2014 was $1,344,000, net of $1,421,000 in accumulated amortization expense. The carrying value at December 31, 2013 was $1,680,000, net of $1,085,000 in accumulated amortization expense. Management evaluates the remaining useful lives quarterly to determine whether events or circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining periods of amortization. Based on the evaluation, no changes to the remaining useful lives was required. Management performed an annual impairment test on core deposit
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intangibles as of September 30, 2014 and determined no impairment was necessary. Amortization expense recognized was $337,000 for 2014, $268,000 for 2013 and $200,000 2012.
The following table summarizes the Company’s estimated core deposit intangible amortization expense for each of the next five years (in thousands):

Years Ending December 31, |  | Estimated Core Deposit Intangible Amortization
2015 |  | $ | 320 |
2016 |  | 137 |
2017 |  | 137 |
2018 |  | 137 |
2019 |  | 137 |
Thereafter |  | 476 |
Total |  | $ | 1,344 |

Deposits and Borrowings
The Bank’s deposits are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) up to applicable legal limits. All of a depositor’s accounts at an insured depository institution, including all non-interest bearing transactions accounts, will be insured by the FDIC up to the standard maximum deposit insurance amount of $250,000 for each deposit insurance ownership category.
Total deposits increase d $35,009,000 or 3.49% to $1,039,152,000 as of December 31, 2014, compared to $1,004,143,000 as of December 31, 2013. Interest-bearing deposits increase d $14,999,000 or 2.32% to $662,750,000 as of December 31, 2014, compared to $647,751,000 as of December 31, 2013. Non-interest bearing deposits increase d $20,010,000 or 5.61% to $376,402,000 as of December 31, 2014, compared to $356,392,000 as of December 31, 2013. Average non-interest bearing deposits to average total deposits was 34.65% for the year ended December 31, 2014 compared to 33.47% for the same period in 2013. Our total market share of deposits in Fresno, Madera, San Joaquin, and Tulare counties was 3.81% in 2014 compared to 2.91% in 2013 based on FDIC deposit market share information published as of June 2014.
The composition of the deposits and average interest rates paid at December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 is summarized in the table below.

(Dollars in thousands) |  | December 31, 2014 |  | % of Total Deposits |  | Effective Rate |  | December 31, 2013 |  | % of Total Deposits |  | Effective Rate
NOW accounts |  | $ | 209,781 |  |  | 20.2 | % |  | 0.11 | % |  | $ | 182,364 |  |  | 18.2 | % |  | 0.15 | %
MMA accounts |  | 228,268 |  |  | 22.0 | % |  | 0.08 | % |  | 234,515 |  |  | 23.3 | % |  | 0.12 | %
Time deposits |  | 153,320 |  |  | 14.7 | % |  | 0.40 | % |  | 168,954 |  |  | 16.8 | % |  | 0.48 | %
Savings deposits |  | 71,381 |  |  | 6.9 | % |  | 0.05 | % |  | 61,918 |  |  | 6.2 | % |  | 0.08 | %
Total interest-bearing |  | 662,750 |  |  | 63.8 | % |  | 0.16 | % |  | 647,751 |  |  | 64.5 | % |  | 0.22 | %
Non-interest bearing |  | 376,402 |  |  | 36.2 | % |  |  |  |  | 356,392 |  |  | 35.5 | % |  |  |
Total deposits |  | $ | 1,039,152 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,004,143 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |

There were no short term borrowings as of December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013. There were no long-term FHLB borrowings outstanding at December 31, 2014 or December 31, 2013. We maintain a line of credit with the FHLB collateralized by government securities and loans. Refer to Liquidity section below for further discussion of FHLB advances.
The Company succeeded to all of the rights and obligations of Service 1 st Capital Trust I, a Delaware business trust, in connection with the acquisition of Service 1 st as of November 12, 2008. The Trust was formed on August 17, 2006 for the sole purpose of issuing trust preferred securities fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Service 1 st. Under applicable regulatory guidance, the amount of trust preferred securities that is eligible as Tier 1 capital is limited to 25% of the Company’s Tier 1 capital on a pro forma basis. At December 31, 2014, all of the trust preferred securities that have been issued qualify as Tier 1 capital. The trust preferred securities mature on October 7, 2036, are redeemable at the Company’s option beginning after five years, and require quarterly distributions by the Trust to the holder of the trust preferred securities at a variable interest rate which will adjust quarterly to equal the three month LIBOR plus 1.60%.
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The Trust used the proceeds from the sale of the trust preferred securities to purchase approximately $5,155,000 in aggregate principal amount of Service 1 st’s junior subordinated notes (the Notes). The Notes bear interest at the same variable interest rate during the same quarterly periods as the trust preferred securities. The Notes are redeemable by the Company on any January 7, April 7, July 7, or October 7 on or after October 7, 2012 or at any time within 90 days following the occurrence of certain events, such as: (i) a change in the regulatory capital treatment of the Notes (ii) in the event the Trust is deemed an investment company or (iii) upon the occurrence of certain adverse tax events. In each such case, the Company may redeem the Notes for their aggregate principal amount, plus any accrued but unpaid interest.
The Notes may be declared immediately due and payable at the election of the trustee or holders of 25% of the aggregate principal amount of outstanding Notes in the event that the Company defaults in the payment of any interest following the nonpayment of any such interest for 20 or more consecutive quarterly periods. Holders of the trust preferred securities are entitled to a cumulative cash distribution on the liquidation amount of $1,000 per security. For each January 7, April 7, July 7 or October 7 of each year, the rate will be adjusted to equal the three month LIBOR plus 1.60%. As of December 31, 2014, the rate was 1.83%. Interest expense recognized by the Company for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 was $96,000, $98,000 and $107,000, respectively.
Capital Resources
Capital serves as a source of funds and helps protect depositors and shareholders against potential losses. Historically, the primary source of capital for the Company has been internally generated capital through retained earnings. In addition to net income, capital increased in 2009 from the issuance of preferred stock and warrants under the Treasury Capital Purchase Program and preferred stock and common stock issued to accredited investors. In 2008, in addition to net income, capital increased from common stock issued for the acquisition of Service 1 st Bancorp.
The Company has historically maintained substantial levels of capital. The assessment of capital adequacy is dependent on several factors including asset quality, earnings trends, liquidity and economic conditions. Maintenance of adequate capital levels is integral to providing stability to the Company. The Company needs to maintain substantial levels of regulatory capital to give it maximum flexibility in the changing regulatory environment and to respond to changes in the market and economic conditions.
Our shareholders’ equity was $131,045,000 as of December 31, 2014, compared to $120,043,000 as of December 31, 2013. The increase in shareholders’ equity is the result of increase in retained earnings from net income of $5,294,000, exercise of stock options, including the related tax benefit of $62,000, and the effect of share based compensation expense of $173,000, an increase in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) of $7,663,000, offset by common stock cash dividends of $2,190,000.
On August 18, 2011, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (SPA) with the Small Business Lending Fund of the United States Department of the Treasury (the Treasury), under which the Company issued 7,000 shares of Senior Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series C (the Preferred Shares) to the Treasury for an aggregate purchase price of $7,000,000. Simultaneously, the Company agreed with Treasury under a Letter Agreement to redeem, for an aggregate price of $7,000,000, the 7,000 shares of the Company’s Series A Fixed Rate Cumulative Preferred Stock (Series A Stock) originally issued pursuant to the Treasury’s Capital Purchase Program (CPP) in 2009. The redemption of the Series A Stock resulted in an acceleration of the remaining discount booked at the time of the CPP transaction. In connection with the repurchase of the Series A Stock, the Company also repurchased the warrant (the Warrant) to purchase 79,037 shares of the Company’s common stock that was originally issued to Treasury in connection with the CPP transaction for total consideration of $185,000. See Note 14 to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements in this report for a more detailed discussion.
On August 15, 2012, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the adoption of a program to effect repurchases of the Company’s common stock. Under the program, the Company was to repurchase up to five percent of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock, or approximately 479,850 shares based on the shares outstanding as of August 15, 2012, for the period beginning on August 15, 2012, and ending February 15, 2013. During 2012, the Company repurchased and retired a total of 58,100 shares at an average price of $8.41 for a total cost of $488,000. The stock repurchase program was suspended after the Company entered into a Reorganization Agreement and Plan of Merger (the Merger Agreement) with Visalia Community Bank on December 19, 2012.
During 2014, the Bank declared and paid cash dividends to the Company in the amount of $2,350,000 in connection with the cash dividends to the Company’s shareholders approved by the Company’s Board of Directors. The Bank may not pay any dividend that would cause it to be deemed not “well capitalized” under applicable banking laws and regulations. The Company declared and paid a total of $2,190,000 or $0.20 per common share cash dividend to shareholders of record during the year ended December 31, 2014.
During 2013, the Bank declared and paid cash dividends to the Company in the amount of $18,000,000 in connection with the VCB acquisition, the Series C Preferred redemption, and cash dividends to the Company’s shareholders approved by the Company’s Board of Directors. The Company declared and paid a total of $2,048,000 or $0.20 per common share cash dividend to shareholders of record during the year ended December 31, 2014.
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During 2012, the Bank declared and paid cash dividends to the Company of $3,000,000, in connection with stock repurchase agreements and cash dividends approved by the Company’s Board of Directors. On October 17, 2012, the Company declared a $0.05 per common share cash dividend to shareholders of record at the close of business on November 15, 2012 which was paid on November 30, 2012. No dividends on common shares were declared in 2012.
Management considers capital requirements as part of its strategic planning process. The strategic plan calls for continuing increases in assets and liabilities, and the capital required may therefore be in excess of retained earnings. The ability to obtain capital is dependent upon the capital markets as well as our performance. Management regularly evaluates sources of capital and the timing required to meet its strategic objectives. The assessment of capital adequacy is dependent on several factors including asset quality, earnings trends, liquidity and economic conditions. Maintenance of adequate capital levels is integral to providing stability to the Company. The Company needs to maintain substantial levels of regulatory capital to give it maximum flexibility in the changing regulatory environment and to respond to changes in the market and economic conditions including acquisition opportunities.
On July 2, 2013, the Federal Reserve approved final rules that substantially amend the regulatory risk-based capital rules applicable to the Company and the Bank. The FDIC and the OCC have subsequently approved these rules. The final rules were adopted following the issuance of proposed rules by the Federal Reserve in June 2012, and implement the “Basel III” regulatory capital reforms and changes required by the Dodd-Frank Act. Basel III refers to two consultative documents released by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in December 2009, the rules text released in December 2010, and loss absorbency rules issued in January 2011, which include significant changes to bank capital, leverage and liquidity requirements.
The rules include new risk-based capital and leverage ratios, which will be phased in from 2015 to 2019, and will refine the definition of what constitutes “capital” for purposes of calculating those ratios. The new minimum capital level requirements applicable to the Company and the Bank under the final rules will be: (i) a new common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5%; (ii) a Tier 1 capital ratio of 6% (increased from 4%); (iii) a total capital ratio of 8% (unchanged from current rules); and (iv) a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4% for all institutions. The final rules also establish a “capital conservation buffer” above the new regulatory minimum capital requirements, which must consist entirely of common equity Tier 1 capital. The capital conservation buffer will be phased-in over four years beginning on January 1, 2016, as follows: the maximum buffer will be 0.625% of risk-weighted assets for 2016, 1.25% for 2017, 1.875% for 2018, and 2.5% for 2019 and thereafter. This will result in the following minimum ratios beginning in 2019: (i) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 7.0%, (ii) a Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5%, and (iii) a total capital ratio of 10.5%. Under the final rules, institutions are subject to limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses if its capital level falls below the buffer amount. These limitations establish a maximum percentage of eligible retained income that could be utilized for such actions.
Basel III provided discretion for regulators to impose an additional buffer, the “countercyclical buffer,” of up to 2.5% of common equity Tier 1 capital to take into account the macro-financial environment and periods of excessive credit growth. However, the final rules permit the countercyclical buffer to be applied only to “advanced approach banks” ( i.e. , banks with $250 billion or more in total assets or $10 billion or more in total foreign exposures), which currently excludes the Company and the Bank. The final rules also implement revisions and clarifications consistent with Basel III regarding the various components of Tier 1 capital, including common equity, unrealized gains and losses, as well as certain instruments that will no longer qualify as Tier 1 capital, some of which will be phased out over time. However, the final rules provide that small depository institution holding companies with less than $15 billion in total assets as of December 31, 2009 (which includes the Company and the Bank) will be able to permanently include non-qualifying instruments that were issued and included in Tier 1 or Tier 2 capital prior to May 19, 2010 in additional Tier 1 or Tier 2 capital until they redeem such instruments or until the instruments mature.
The final rules also contain revisions to the prompt corrective action framework, which is designed to place restrictions on insured depository institutions, including the Bank, if their capital levels begin to show signs of weakness. These revisions take effect January 1, 2015. Under the prompt corrective action requirements, which are designed to complement the capital conservation buffer, insured depository institutions will be required to meet the following increased capital level requirements in order to qualify as “well capitalized:” (i) a new common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.5%; (ii) a Tier 1 capital ratio of 8% (increased from 6%); (iii) a total capital ratio of 10% (unchanged from current rules); and (iv) a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 5% (increased from 4%).
The final rules set forth certain changes for the calculation of risk-weighted assets, which we will be required to utilize beginning January 1, 2015. The standardized approach final rule utilizes an increased number of credit risk exposure categories and risk weights, and also addresses: (i) an alternative standard of creditworthiness consistent with Section 939A of the Dodd-Frank Act Act; (ii) revisions to recognition of credit risk mitigation; (iii) rules for risk weighting of equity exposures and past due loans; (iv) revised capital treatment for derivatives and repo-style transactions; and (v) disclosure requirements for top-tier banking organizations with $50 billion or more in total assets that are not subject to the “advance approach rules” that apply to banks with greater than $250 billion in consolidated assets. Based on our current capital composition and levels, we believe that we would be in compliance with the requirements as set forth in the final rules if they were presently in effect.
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The following table presents the Company’s and the Bank’s Regulatory capital ratios as of December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

|  | December 31, 2014 |  | December 31, 2013
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Central Valley Community Bancorp and Subsidiary |  | $ | 95,936 |  |  | 8.36 | % |  | $ | 88,320 |  |  | 8.14 | %
Minimum regulatory requirement |  | $ | 45,894 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | $ | 43,394 |  |  | 4.00 | %
Central Valley Community Bank |  | $ | 95,298 |  |  | 8.31 | % |  | $ | 87,674 |  |  | 8.09 | %
Minimum requirement for “Well-Capitalized” institution |  | $ | 57,341 |  |  | 5.00 | % |  | $ | 54,218 |  |  | 5.00 | %
Minimum regulatory requirement |  | $ | 45,873 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | $ | 43,375 |  |  | 4.00 | %
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Central Valley Community Bancorp and Subsidiary |  | $ | 95,936 |  |  | 13.67 | % |  | $ | 88,320 |  |  | 13.88 | %
Minimum regulatory requirement |  | $ | 28,075 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | $ | 25,454 |  |  | 4.00 | %
Central Valley Community Bank |  | $ | 95,298 |  |  | 13.59 | % |  | $ | 87,674 |  |  | 13.79 | %
Minimum requirement for “Well-Capitalized” institution |  | $ | 42,080 |  |  | 6.00 | % |  | $ | 38,151 |  |  | 6.00 | %
Minimum regulatory requirement |  | $ | 28,053 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | $ | 25,434 |  |  | 4.00 | %
Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Central Valley Community Bancorp and Subsidiary |  | $ | 104,447 |  |  | 14.88 | % |  | $ | 96,292 |  |  | 15.13 | %
Minimum regulatory requirement |  | $ | 56,150 |  |  | 8.00 | % |  | $ | 50,908 |  |  | 8.00 | %
Central Valley Community Bank |  | $ | 103,809 |  |  | 14.80 | % |  | $ | 95,639 |  |  | 15.04 | %
Minimum requirement for “Well-Capitalized” institution |  | $ | 70,133 |  |  | 10.00 | % |  | $ | 63,585 |  |  | 10.00 | %
Minimum regulatory requirement |  | $ | 56,106 |  |  | 8.00 | % |  | $ | 50,868 |  |  | 8.00 | %

We are required to deduct the disallowed portion of net deferred tax assets from Tier 1 capital in calculating our capital ratios. Generally, disallowed deferred tax assets that are dependent upon future taxable income are limited to the lesser of the amount of deferred tax assets that we expect to realize within one year, based on projected future taxable income, or 10% of the amount of our Tier 1 capital. Disallowed deferred tax assets deducted from Tier 1 capital were $3,613,000 and $7,330,000 at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
LIQUIDITY
Liquidity management involves our ability to meet cash flow requirements arising from fluctuations in deposit levels and demands of daily operations, which include funding of securities purchases, providing for customers’ credit needs and ongoing repayment of borrowings. Our liquidity is actively managed on a daily basis and reviewed periodically by our management and Director’s Asset/Liability Committees. This process is intended to ensure the maintenance of sufficient funds to meet our needs, including adequate cash flows for off-balance sheet commitments.
Our primary sources of liquidity are derived from financing activities which include the acceptance of customer and, to a lesser extent, broker deposits, Federal funds facilities and advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco (FHLB). These funding sources are augmented by payments of principal and interest on loans, the routine maturities and pay downs of securities from the securities portfolio, the stability of our core deposits and the ability to sell investment securities. As of December 31, 2014, the Company had unpledged securities totaling $366,884,000 available as a secondary source of liquidity and total cash and cash equivalents of $77,328,000. Cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2014 decrease d 30.99% compared to December 31, 2013. Primary uses of funds include withdrawal of and interest payments on deposits, origination and purchases of loans, purchases of investment securities, and payment of operating expenses. Due to the negative impact of the slow economic recovery, we have been cautiously managing our asset quality. Consequently, expanding our loan portfolio or finding adequate investments to utilize some of our excess liquidity has been difficult in the current economic environment.
As a means of augmenting our liquidity, we have established Federal funds lines with various correspondent banks. At December 31, 2014, our available borrowing capacity includes approximately $40,000,000 in Federal funds lines with our correspondent banks and $290,851,000 in unused FHLB advances. At December 31, 2014, we were not aware of any
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information that was reasonably likely to have a material effect on our liquidity position. The following table reflects the Company’s credit lines, balances outstanding, and pledged collateral at December 31, 2014 and 2013:

Credit Lines (In thousands) |  | December 31, 2014 |  | December 31, 2013
Unsecured Credit Lines (interest rate varies with market): |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit limit |  | $ | 40,000 |  |  | $ | 40,000 |
Balance outstanding |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank (interest rate at prevailing interest rate): |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit limit |  | $ | 290,851 |  |  | $ | 272,797 |
Balance outstanding |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Collateral pledged |  | $ | 183,036 |  |  | $ | 119,539 |
Fair value of collateral |  | $ | 183,171 |  |  | $ | 119,902 |
Federal Reserve Bank (interest rate at prevailing discount interest rate): |  |  |  |  |  |
Credit limit |  | $ | 2,441 |  |  | $ | 51 |
Balance outstanding |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Collateral pledged |  | $ | 2,729 |  |  | $ | 48 |
Fair value of collateral |  | $ | 2,757 |  |  | $ | 52 |

The liquidity of our parent company, Central Valley Community Bancorp, is primarily dependent on the payment of cash dividends by its subsidiary, Central Valley Community Bank, subject to limitations imposed by regulations.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ITEMS
In the normal course of business, the Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded in the financial statements when they are funded or related fees are incurred or received. The balance of commitments to extend credit on undisbursed construction and other loans and letters of credit was $214,131,000 as of December 31, 2014 compared to $192,667,000 as of December 31, 2013. For a more detailed discussion of these financial instruments, see Note 13 to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report.
In the ordinary course of business, the Company is party to various operating leases. For a more detailed discussion of these financial instruments, see Note 13 to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has issued disclosure guidance for “critical accounting policies.” The SEC defines “critical accounting policies” as those that require application of management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in future periods.
Our accounting policies are integral to understanding the results reported. Our significant accounting policies are described in detail in Note 1 in the audited Consolidated Financial Statements. Not all of the significant accounting policies presented in Note 1 of the audited Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report require management to make difficult, subjective or complex judgments or estimates.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates the estimates used. Estimates are based upon historical experience, current economic conditions and other factors that management considers reasonable under the circumstances.
These estimates result in judgments regarding the carrying values of assets and liabilities when these values are not readily available from other sources, as well as assessing and identifying the accounting treatments of contingencies and commitments. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions.
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Accounting Principles Generally Accepted in the United States of America
Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP).
We follow accounting policies typical to the commercial banking industry and in compliance with various regulation and guidelines as established by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), and the Bank’s primary federal regulator, the FDIC. The following is a brief description of our current accounting policies involving significant management judgments.
Allowance for Credit Losses
Our most significant management accounting estimate is the appropriate level for the allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is an estimate of probable incurred credit losses in the Company’s loan portfolio. The adequacy of the allowance is monitored on an on-going basis and is based on our management’s evaluation of numerous factors. These factors include the quality of the current loan portfolio, the trend in the loan portfolio’s risk ratings, current economic conditions, loan concentrations, loan growth rates, past-due and nonperforming trends, evaluation of specific loss estimates for all significant problem loans, historical charge-off and recovery experience and other pertinent information. See Note 1 to the audited Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report for more detail regarding our allowance for credit losses.
The calculation of the allowance for credit losses is by nature inexact, as the allowance represents our management’s best estimate of the probable losses inherent in our credit portfolios at the reporting date. These credit losses will occur in the future, and as such cannot be determined with absolute certainty at the reporting date.
Impairment of Investment Securities
Investment securities are impaired when the amortized cost exceeds fair value. Investment securities are evaluated for impairment on at least a quarterly basis and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation to determine whether a decline in their value is other than temporary. Management utilizes criteria such as the magnitude and duration of the decline and the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the securities for a period of time sufficient to allow for an anticipated recovery in fair value, in addition to the reasons underlying the decline, to determine whether the loss in value is other than temporary. The term “other than temporary” is not intended to indicate that the decline is permanent, but indicates that the prospect for a near-term recovery of value is not necessarily favorable, or that there is a lack of evidence to support a realizable value equal to or greater than the carrying value of the investment. Once a decline in value is determined to be other-than-temporary and we do not intend to sell the security or it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell the security before recovery, only the portion of the impairment loss representing credit exposure is recognized as a charge to earnings, with the balance recognized as a charge to other comprehensive income. If management intends to sell the security or it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovering its forecasted cost, the entire impairment loss is recognized as a charge to earnings.
Goodwill
Business combinations involving the Company’s acquisition of the equity interests or net assets of another enterprise or the assumption of net liabilities in an acquisition of branches constituting a business may give rise to goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the net of the amounts assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in transactions accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. The value of goodwill is ultimately derived from the Company’s ability to generate net earnings after the acquisition. A decline in net earnings could be indicative of a decline in the fair value of goodwill and result in impairment. For that reason, goodwill is assessed for impairment at a reporting unit level at least annually or more often if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the Company below its carrying amount. While the Company believes all assumptions utilized in its assessment of goodwill for impairment are reasonable and appropriate, changes could cause the Company to record impairment in the future.
Accounting for Income Taxes
The Company files its income taxes on a consolidated basis with its subsidiary. The allocation of income tax expense (benefit) represents each entity’s proportionate share of the consolidated provision for income taxes.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax consequences of temporary differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment. On the balance sheet, net deferred tax assets are included in accrued interest receivable and other assets.
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The determination of the amount of deferred income tax assets which are more likely than not to be realized is primarily dependent on projections of future earnings, which are subject to uncertainty and estimates that may change given economic conditions and other factors. The realization of deferred income tax assets is assessed and a valuation allowance is recorded if is “more likely than not” that all or a portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. “More likely than not” is defined as greater than a 50% chance. All available evidence, both positive and negative is considered to determine whether, based on the weight of that evidence, a valuation allowance is needed.
Only tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are recognized. The benefit of a tax position is recognized in the financial statements in the period during which, based on all available evidence, management believes it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including the resolution of appeals or litigation processes, if any. Tax positions taken are not offset or aggregated with other positions. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement with the applicable taxing authority. The portion of the benefits associated with tax positions taken that exceeds the amount measured as described above is reflected as a liability for unrecognized tax benefits in the accompanying balance sheet along with any associated interest and penalties that would be payable to the taxing authorities upon examination. Interest expense and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits are classified as income tax expense in the consolidated statement of income.
INFLATION
The impact of inflation on a financial institution differs significantly from that exerted on other industries primarily because the assets and liabilities of financial institutions consist largely of monetary items. However, financial institutions are affected by inflation in part through non-interest expenses, such as salaries and occupancy expenses, and to some extent by changes in interest rates.
At December 31, 2014, we do not believe that inflation will have a material impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations. However, if inflation concerns cause short term rates to rise in the near future, we may benefit by immediate repricing of a portion of our loan portfolio. Refer to Market Risk section for further discussion.
ITEM 7A - QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest rate risk (IRR) and credit risk constitute the two greatest sources of financial exposure for insured financial institutions that operate like we do. IRR represents the impact that changes in absolute and relative levels of market interest rates may have upon our net interest income (NII). Changes in the NII are the result of changes in the net interest spread between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities (timing risk), the relationship between various rates (basis risk), and changes in the shape of the yield curve.
We realize income principally from the differential or spread between the interest earned on loans, investments, other interest-earning assets and the interest incurred on deposits and borrowings. The volumes and yields on loans, deposits and borrowings are affected by market interest rates. As of December 31, 2014, 79.59% of our loan portfolio was tied to adjustable-rate indices. The majority of our adjustable rate loans are tied to prime and reprice within 90 days. However, in the current low rate environment, several of our loans, tied to prime, are at their floors and will not reprice until prime plus the factor is greater than the floor. The majority of our time deposits have a fixed rate of interest. As of December 31, 2014, 82.17% of our time deposits matures within one year or less.
Changes in the market level of interest rates directly and immediately affect our interest spread, and therefore profitability. Sharp and significant changes to market rates can cause the interest spread to shrink or expand significantly in the near term, principally because of the timing differences between the adjustable rate loans and the maturities (and therefore repricing) of the deposits and borrowings.
Our management and Board of Directors’ Asset/Liability Committees (ALCO) are responsible for managing our assets and liabilities in a manner that balances profitability, IRR and various other risks including liquidity. The ALCO operates under policies and within risk limits prescribed, reviewed, and approved by the Board of Directors.
The ALCO seeks to stabilize our NII by matching rate-sensitive assets and liabilities through maintaining the maturity and repricing of these assets and liabilities at appropriate levels given the interest rate environment. When the amount of rate-sensitive liabilities exceeds rate-sensitive assets within specified time periods, NII generally will be negatively impacted by an increasing interest rate environment and positively impacted by a decreasing interest rate environment. Conversely, when the amount of rate-sensitive assets exceeds the amount of rate-sensitive liabilities within specified time periods, net interest income will generally be positively impacted by an increasing interest rate environment and negatively impacted by a decreasing interest rate environment. In recent years, we have shifted our mix of assets from consisting primarily of loans to a current mix that is approximately half loans and half securities, none of which are held for trading purposes. The value of these securities is subject to interest rate risk, which we must monitor and manage successfully in order to prevent declines in value of these assets if interest rates rise in the future. The speed and velocity of the repricing of assets and liabilities will also contribute to the effects on our NII, as will the presence or absence of periodic and lifetime interest rate caps and floors.
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Simulation of earnings is the primary tool used to measure the sensitivity of earnings to interest rate changes. Earnings simulations are produced using a software model that is based on actual cash flows and repricing characteristics for all of our financial instruments and incorporates market-based assumptions regarding the impact of changing interest rates on current volumes of applicable financial instruments.
Interest rate simulations provide us with an estimate of both the dollar amount and percentage change in NII under various rate scenarios. All assets and liabilities are normally subjected to up to 400 basis point increases and decreases in interest rates in 100 basis point increments. Under each interest rate scenario, we project our net interest income. From these results, we can then develop alternatives in dealing with the tolerance thresholds.
The assets and liabilities of a financial institution are primarily monetary in nature. As such they represent obligations to pay or receive fixed and determinable amounts of money that are not affected by future changes in prices. Generally, the impact of inflation on a financial institution is reflected by fluctuations in interest rates, the ability of customers to repay their obligations and upward pressure on operating expenses. Although inflationary pressures are not considered to be of any particular hindrance in the current economic environment, they may have an impact on the company’s future earnings in the event those pressures become more prevalent.
As a financial institution, the Company’s primary component of market risk is interest rate volatility. Fluctuations in interest rates will ultimately impact both the level of interest income and interest expense recorded on a large portion of the Company’s assets and liabilities, and the market value of all interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities, other than those which possess a short term to maturity. Virtually all of the Company’s interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities are located at the Bank level. Thus, virtually all of the Company’s interest rate risk exposure lies at the Bank level other than $5.2 million in subordinated debentures issued by the Company’s subsidiary Service 1st Capital Trust I. As a result, all significant interest rate risk procedures are performed at the Bank level.
The fundamental objective of the Company’s management of its assets and liabilities is to maximize the Company’s economic value while maintaining adequate liquidity and an exposure to interest rate risk deemed by management to be acceptable. Management believes an acceptable degree of exposure to interest rate risk results from the management of assets and liabilities through maturities, pricing and mix to attempt to neutralize the potential impact of changes in market interest rates. The Company’s profitability is dependent to a large extent upon its net interest income, which is the difference between its interest income on interest earning assets, such as loans and investments, and its interest expense on interest bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. The Company is subject to interest rate risk to the degree that its interest earning assets re-price differently than its interest bearing liabilities. The Company manages its mix of assets and liabilities with the goals of limiting its exposure to interest rate risk, ensuring adequate liquidity, and coordinating its sources and uses of funds.
The Company seeks to control interest rate risk exposure in a manner that will allow for adequate levels of earnings and capital over a range of possible interest rate environments. The Company has adopted formal policies and practices to monitor and manage interest rate risk exposure. Management believes historically it has effectively managed the effect of changes in interest rates on its operating results and believes that it can continue to manage the short-term effects of interest rate changes under various interest rate scenarios.
Management employs asset and liability management software to measure the Company’s exposure to future changes in interest rates. The software measures the expected cash flows and re-pricing of each financial asset/liability separately in measuring the Company’s interest rate sensitivity. Based on the results of the software’s output, management believes the Company’s balance sheet is evenly matched over the short term and slightly asset sensitive over the longer term as of December 31, 2014. This means that the Company would expect (all other things being equal) to experience a limited change in its net interest income if rates rise or fall. The level of potential or expected change indicated by the tables below is considered acceptable by management and is compliant with the Company’s ALCO policies. Management will continue to perform this analysis each quarter.
The hypothetical impacts of sudden interest rate movements applied to the Company’s asset and liability balances are modeled quarterly. The results of these models indicate how much of the Company’s net interest income is “at risk” from various rate changes over a one year horizon. This exercise is valuable in identifying risk exposures. Management believes the results for the Company’s December 31, 2014 balances indicate that the net interest income at risk over a one year time horizon for a 100 basis points (“bps”), 200 bps, 300 bps, and 400 bps rate increase and a 100 bps decrease is acceptable to management and within policy guidelines at this time. Given the low interest rate environment, 200 bps, 300 bps, and 400 bps decreases are not considered a realistic possibility and are therefore not modeled.
The results in the table below indicate the change in net interest income the Company would expect to see as of December 31, 2015, if interest rates were to change in the amounts set forth:
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Sensitivity Analysis of Impact of Rate Changes on Interest Income

Hypothetical Change in Rates (Dollars in thousands) |  | Projected Net Interest Income |  | $ Change from Rates at December 31, 2015 |  | % Change from Rates at December 31, 2015
Up 400 bps |  | $ | 51,835 |  |  | $ | 5,370 |  |  | 11.56 | %
Up 300 bps |  | 50,273 |  |  | 3,808 |  |  | 8.20 | %
Up 200 bps |  | 48,690 |  |  | 2,225 |  |  | 4.79 | %
Up 100 bps |  | 47,873 |  |  | 1,408 |  |  | 3.03 | %
Unchanged |  | 46,465 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Down 100 bps |  | 44,747 |  |  | (1,718 | ) |  | (3.70 | )%

It is important to note that the above table is a summary of several forecasts and actual results may vary from any of the forecasted amounts and such difference may be material and adverse. The forecasts are based on estimates and assumptions made by management, and that may turn out to be different, and may change over time. Factors affecting these estimates and assumptions include, but are not limited to: 1) competitor behavior, 2) economic conditions both locally and nationally, 3) actions taken by the Federal Reserve Board, 4) customer behavior and 5) management’s responses to each of the foregoing. Factors that vary significantly from the assumptions and estimates may have material and adverse effects on the Company’s net interest income; therefore, the results of this analysis should not be relied upon as indicative of actual future results.
The following table shows management’s estimates of how the loan portfolio is segregated between variable-daily, variable other than daily and fixed rate loans, and estimates of re-pricing opportunities for the entire loan portfolio at December 31, 2014 and 2013:

|  | December 31, 2014 |  | December 31, 2013
Rate Type (Dollars in thousands) |  | Balance |  | Percent of Total |  | Balance |  | Percent of Total
Variable rate |  | $ | 455,735 |  |  | 79.59 | % |  | $ | 399,338 |  |  | 77.94 | %
Fixed rate |  | 116,853 |  |  | 20.41 | % |  | 113,019 |  |  | 22.06 | %
Total gross loans |  | $ | 572,588 |  |  | 100.00 | % |  | $ | 512,357 |  |  | 100.00 | %

Approximately 79.59% of our loan portfolio is tied to adjustable rate indices and 40.38% of our loan portfolio reprices within 90 days. As of December 31, 2014, we had 984 commercial and real estate loans totaling $298,669,000 with floors ranging from 3.25% to 7.50% and ceilings ranging from 7.00% to 30.00%.
The following table shows the repricing categories of the Company’s loan portfolio at December 31, 2014 and 2013:

|  | December 31, 2014 |  | December 31, 2013
Repricing (Dollars in thousands) |  | Balance |  | Percent of Total |  | Balance |  | Percent of Total
< 1 Year |  | $ | 253,221 |  |  | 44.22 | % |  | $ | 232,041 |  |  | 45.29 | %
1-3 Years |  | 115,022 |  |  | 20.09 | % |  | 107,553 |  |  | 20.99 | %
3-5 Years |  | 120,065 |  |  | 20.97 | % |  | 116,206 |  |  | 22.68 | %
> 5 Years |  | 84,280 |  |  | 14.72 | % |  | 56,557 |  |  | 11.04 | %
Total gross loans |  | $ | 572,588 |  |  | 100.00 | % |  | $ | 512,357 |  |  | 100.00 | %

Assumptions are inherently uncertain, and, consequently, the model cannot precisely measure net interest income or precisely predict the impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income. Actual results will differ from simulated results due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes, as well as changes in market conditions and management strategies which might moderate the negative consequences of interest rate deviations.
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ITEM 8 - | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA.

MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
The Shareholders and Board of Directors
Central Valley Community Bancorp and Subsidiary
Fresno, California
The management of Central Valley Community Bancorp is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as a process designed by, or under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer and effected by the board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:
* Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of our assets:
* Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors; and
* Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014. In making this assessment, management used the criteria issued in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework (Framework) established and updated by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Based on that assessment, the Company’s management believes that, as of December 31, 2014, our internal control over financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.
Crowe Horwath LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, has issued an audit report on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board that appears on the next page.
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Shareholders and Board of Directors
Central Valley Community Bancorp and Subsidiary
Fresno, California
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Central Valley Community Bancorp and subsidiary (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2014. We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Central Valley Community Bancorp and subsidiary as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2014 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, Central Valley Community Bancorp and subsidiary maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

| /s/ Crowe Horwath LLP
Sacramento, California |
March 16, 2015 |

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CENTRAL VALLEY COMMUNITY BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31, 2014 and 2013

(In thousands, except share amounts) |  | 2014 |  | 2013
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | $ | 21,316 |  |  | $ | 25,878 |
Interest-earning deposits in other banks |  | 55,646 |  |  | 85,956 |
Federal funds sold |  | 366 |  |  | 218 |
Total cash and cash equivalents |  | 77,328 |  |  | 112,052 |
Available-for-sale investment securities (Amortized cost of $423,639 at December 31, 2014 and $447,108 at December 31, 2013) |  | 432,535 |  |  | 443,224 |
Held-to-maturity investment securities (Fair value of $35,096 at December 31, 2014) |  | 31,964 |  |  | — |
Loans, less allowance for credit losses of $8,308 at December 31, 2014 and $9,208 at December 31, 2013 |  | 564,280 |  |  | 503,149 |
Bank premises and equipment, net |  | 9,949 |  |  | 10,541 |
Other real estate owned |  | — |  |  | 190 |
Bank owned life insurance |  | 20,957 |  |  | 19,443 |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock |  | 4,791 |  |  | 4,499 |
Goodwill |  | 29,917 |  |  | 29,917 |
Core deposit intangibles |  | 1,344 |  |  | 1,680 |
Accrued interest receivable and other assets |  | 19,118 |  |  | 20,940 |
Total assets |  | $ | 1,192,183 |  |  | $ | 1,145,635 |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-interest bearing |  | $ | 376,402 |  |  | $ | 356,392 |
Interest bearing |  | 662,750 |  |  | 647,751 |
Total deposits |  | 1,039,152 |  |  | 1,004,143 |
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures |  | 5,155 |  |  | 5,155 |
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities |  | 16,831 |  |  | 16,294 |
Total liabilities |  | 1,061,138 |  |  | 1,025,592 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13) |  |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, no par value, $1,000 per share liquidation preference; 10,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, no par value; 80,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding: 10,980,440 at December 31, 2014 and 10,914,680 at December 31, 2013 |  | 54,216 |  |  | 53,981 |
Retained earnings |  | 71,452 |  |  | 68,348 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  | 5,377 |  |  | (2,286 | )
Total shareholders’ equity |  | 131,045 |  |  | 120,043 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 1,192,183 |  |  | $ | 1,145,635 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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CENTRAL VALLEY COMMUNITY BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
For the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012

(In thousands, except per share amounts) |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Interest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and fees on loans |  | $ | 29,493 |  |  | $ | 26,519 |  |  | $ | 23,913 |
Interest on deposits in other banks |  | 176 |  |  | 164 |  |  | 110 |
Interest and dividends on investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable |  | 5,538 |  |  | 2,375 |  |  | 3,289 |
Exempt from Federal income taxes |  | 5,832 |  |  | 5,778 |  |  | 4,508 |
Total interest income |  | 41,039 |  |  | 34,836 |  |  | 31,820 |
Interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest on deposits |  | 1,060 |  |  | 1,270 |  |  | 1,630 |
Interest on junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures |  | 96 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 107 |
Other |  | — |  |  | 17 |  |  | 146 |
Total interest expense |  | 1,156 |  |  | 1,385 |  |  | 1,883 |
Net interest income before provision for credit losses |  | 39,883 |  |  | 33,451 |  |  | 29,937 |
Provision for credit losses |  | 7,985 |  |  | — |  |  | 700 |
Net interest income after provision for credit losses |  | 31,898 |  |  | 33,451 |  |  | 29,237 |
Non-interest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service charges |  | 3,280 |  |  | 3,156 |  |  | 2,774 |
Appreciation in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance |  | 614 |  |  | 495 |  |  | 391 |
Interchange fees |  | 1,205 |  |  | 962 |  |  | 767 |
Loan placement fees |  | 544 |  |  | 677 |  |  | 631 |
Gain on disposal of other real estate owned |  | 63 |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |
Net realized gains on sales and calls of investment securities |  | 904 |  |  | 1,265 |  |  | 1,639 |
Federal Home Loan Bank dividends |  | 327 |  |  | 177 |  |  | 36 |
Other income |  | 1,227 |  |  | 1,099 |  |  | 992 |
Total non-interest income |  | 8,164 |  |  | 7,831 |  |  | 7,242 |
Non-interest expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits |  | 19,721 |  |  | 17,427 |  |  | 15,597 |
Occupancy and equipment |  | 4,835 |  |  | 4,109 |  |  | 3,578 |
Regulatory assessments |  | 762 |  |  | 696 |  |  | 652 |
Data processing expense |  | 1,820 |  |  | 1,383 |  |  | 1,125 |
ATM/Debit card expenses |  | 624 |  |  | 527 |  |  | 369 |
License & maintenance contracts |  | 488 |  |  | 472 |  |  | 362 |
Consulting fees |  | 239 |  |  | 461 |  |  | 162 |
Advertising |  | 589 |  |  | 476 |  |  | 558 |
Audit and accounting fees |  | 664 |  |  | 511 |  |  | 514 |
Internet banking expenses |  | 520 |  |  | 397 |  |  | 270 |
Acquisition and integration |  | — |  |  | 976 |  |  | 284 |
Amortization of core deposit intangibles |  | 337 |  |  | 268 |  |  | 200 |
Other expense |  | 4,739 |  |  | 3,982 |  |  | 3,603 |
Total non-interest expenses |  | 35,338 |  |  | 31,685 |  |  | 27,274 |
Income before provision for income taxes |  | 4,724 |  |  | 9,597 |  |  | 9,205 |
Provision (benefit) for income taxes |  | (570 | ) |  | 1,347 |  |  | 1,685 |
Net income |  | $ | 5,294 |  |  | $ | 8,250 |  |  | $ | 7,520 |
Net income |  | $ | 5,294 |  |  | $ | 8,250 |  |  | $ | 7,520 |
Preferred stock dividends and accretion |  | — |  |  | 350 |  |  | 350 |
Net income available to common shareholders |  | $ | 5,294 |  |  | $ | 7,900 |  |  | $ | 7,170 |
Basic earnings per common share |  | $ | 0.48 |  |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  | $ | 0.75 |
Diluted earnings per common share |  | $ | 0.48 |  |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  | $ | 0.75 |
Cash dividends per common share |  | $ | 0.20 |  |  | $ | 0.20 |  |  | $ | 0.05 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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CENTRAL VALLEY COMMUNITY BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
For the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012

(In thousands) |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Net income |  | $ | 5,294 |  |  | $ | 8,250 |  |  | 7,520 |
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss): |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) |  | 13,847 |  |  | (15,510 | ) |  | 7,522 |
Less: reclassification for net gains included in net income |  | 904 |  |  | 1,265 |  |  | 1,639 |
Amortization of net unrealized gains transferred during the period |  | (21 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax |  | 12,922 |  |  | (16,775 | ) |  | 5,883 |
Tax (expense) benefit related to items of other comprehensive income |  | (5,259 | ) |  | 6,903 |  |  | (2,421 | )
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  | 7,663 |  |  | (9,872 | ) |  | 3,462 |
Comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | 12,957 |  |  | $ | (1,622 | ) |  | $ | 10,982 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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CENTRAL VALLEY COMMUNITY BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
For the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012

|  | Preferred Stock |  | Common Stock |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Compre-hensive Income (Loss) (Net of Taxes) |  | Total Share-holders’ Equity
|  | Series A |  |  | Series C |  |  |  |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |
(In thousands, except share amounts) |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |
Balance, January 1, 2012 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 7,000 |  |  | $ | 7,000 |  |  | 9,547,816 |  |  | $ | 40,552 |  |  | $ | 55,806 |  |  | $ | 4,124 |  |  | $ | 107,482 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,520 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,520 |
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,462 |  |  | 3,462 |
Cash dividend ($0.05 per common share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (480 | ) |  | — |  |  | (480 | )
Repurchase and retirement of common stock warrants |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (58,100 | ) |  | (488 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (488 | )
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 108 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 108 |
Stock options exercised and related tax benefit |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 69,030 |  |  | 411 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 411 |
Preferred stock dividends and accretion |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (350 | ) |  | — |  |  | (350 | )
Balance, December 31, 2012 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,000 |  |  | 7,000 |  |  | 9,558,746 |  |  | 40,583 |  |  | 62,496 |  |  | 7,586 |  |  | 117,665 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,250 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,250 |
Other comprehensive loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9,872 | ) |  | (9,872 | )
Stock issued for acquisition |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,262,605 |  |  | 12,494 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,494 |
Redemption of preferred stock Series C |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,000 | ) |  | (7,000 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,000 | )
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 98 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 98 |
Cash dividend ($0.20 per common share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,048 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,048 | )
Stock options exercised and related tax benefit |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 93,329 |  |  | 806 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 806 |
Preferred stock dividends |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (350 | ) |  | — |  |  | (350 | )
Balance, December 31, 2013 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,914,680 |  |  | 53,981 |  |  | 68,348 |  |  | (2,286 | ) |  | 120,043 |
Net income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,294 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,294 |
Other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,663 |  |  | 7,663 |
Restricted stock granted |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 56,850 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 173 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 173 |
Cash dividend ($0.20 per common share) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,190 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,190 | )
Stock options exercised and related tax benefit |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,910 |  |  | 62 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 62 |
Balance, December 31, 2014 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 10,980,440 |  |  | $ | 54,216 |  |  | $ | 71,452 |  |  | $ | 5,377 |  |  | $ | 131,045 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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CENTRAL VALLEY COMMUNITY BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS For the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012
(In thousands) |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 5,294 |  |  | $ | 8,250 |  |  | $ | 7,520 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net decrease in deferred loan fees |  | (305 | ) |  | (294 | ) |  | (311 | )
Depreciation |  | 1,355 |  |  | 1,133 |  |  | 972 |
Accretion |  | (1,015 | ) |  | (852 | ) |  | (713 | )
Amortization |  | 7,949 |  |  | 9,179 |  |  | 7,549 |
Stock-based compensation |  | 173 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 108 |
Excess tax benefit from exercise of stock options |  | (7 | ) |  | (17 | ) |  | (26 | )
Provision for credit losses |  | 7,985 |  |  | — |  |  | 700 |
Net realized gains on sales and calls of available-for-sale investment securities |  | (904 | ) |  | (1,265 | ) |  | (1,639 | )
Net loss (gain) on sale and disposal of equipment |  | 201 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (4 | )
Net gain on sale of other real estate owned |  | (63 | ) |  | — |  |  | (12 | )
Increase in bank owned life insurance, net of expenses |  | (614 | ) |  | (495 | ) |  | (391 | )
Net (increase) decrease in accrued interest receivable and other assets |  | (3,021 | ) |  | 410 |  |  | (19 | )
Net decrease in prepaid FDIC Assessments |  | — |  |  | 1,542 |  |  | 513 |
Net increase (decrease) in accrued interest payable and other liabilities |  | 537 |  |  | (1,805 | ) |  | (7,425 | )
(Benefit) provision for deferred income taxes |  | (408 | ) |  | (296 | ) |  | 440 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 17,157 |  |  | 15,587 |  |  | 7,262 |
Cash Flows From Investing Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net cash and cash equivalents acquired in acquisition |  | — |  |  | 40,935 |  |  | — |
Purchases of available-for-sale investment securities |  | (146,468 | ) |  | (222,668 | ) |  | (194,583 | )
Proceeds from sales or calls of available-for-sale investment securities |  | 79,757 |  |  | 88,146 |  |  | 39,119 |
Proceeds from maturity and principal repayment of available-for-sale investment securities |  | 52,665 |  |  | 76,512 |  |  | 90,798 |
Net (increase) decrease in loans |  | (69,047 | ) |  | (4,393 | ) |  | 28,089 |
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned |  | 488 |  |  | 263 |  |  | 2,349 |
Purchases of premises and equipment |  | (1,328 | ) |  | (1,159 | ) |  | (1,353 | )
Purchases of bank owned life insurance |  | (900 | ) |  | — |  |  | (116 | )
FHLB stock (purchased) redeemed |  | (292 | ) |  | 48 |  |  | (957 | )
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment |  | 363 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 5 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  | (84,762 | ) |  | (22,315 | ) |  | (36,649 | )
Cash Flows From Financing Activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net increase in demand, interest-bearing and savings deposits |  | 50,643 |  |  | 75,663 |  |  | 53,265 |
Net (decrease) increase in time deposits |  | (15,634 | ) |  | 2,841 |  |  | (14,819 | )
Repayments of short-term borrowings to Federal Home Loan Bank |  | — |  |  | (4,000 | ) |  | — |
Redemption of preferred stock Series C |  | — |  |  | (7,000 | ) |  | — |
Purchase and retirement of common stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (488 | )
Proceeds from exercise of stock options |  | 55 |  |  | 789 |  |  | 385 |
Excess tax benefit from exercise of stock options |  | 7 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 26 |
Cash dividend payments on common stock |  | (2,190 | ) |  | (2,048 | ) |  | (480 | )
Cash dividend payments on preferred stock |  | — |  |  | (438 | ) |  | (350 | )
Net cash provided by financing activities |  | 32,881 |  |  | 65,824 |  |  | 37,539 |
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  | (34,724 | ) |  | 59,096 |  |  | 8,152 |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF YEAR |  | 112,052 |  |  | 52,956 |  |  | 44,804 |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF YEAR |  | $ | 77,328 |  |  | $ | 112,052 |  |  | $ | 52,956 |
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid during the year for: |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest |  | $ | 1,171 |  |  | $ | 1,430 |  |  | $ | 1,939 |
Income taxes |  | $ | 1,360 |  |  | $ | 1,790 |  |  | $ | 1,193 |

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CENTRAL VALLEY COMMUNITY BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued) For the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012
(In thousands) |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Transfer of securities from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity |  | $ | 31,346 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |
Unrealized gain on transfer of securities from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity |  | $ | 163 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |
Transfer of loans to other real estate owned |  | $ | 235 |  |  | $ | 190 |  |  | $ | 2,337 |
Common stock issued in Visalia Community Bank acquisition |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,494 |  |  | $ | — |
Accrued preferred stock dividends |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 88 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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Central Valley Community Bancorp and Subsidiary
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

General - Central Valley Community Bancorp (the “Company”) was incorporated on February 7, 2000 and subsequently obtained approval from the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System to be a bank holding company in connection with its acquisition of Central Valley Community Bank (the “Bank”). The Company became the sole shareholder of the Bank on November 15, 2000 in a statutory merger, pursuant to which each outstanding share of the Bank’s common stock was exchanged for one share of common stock of the Company.
Service 1 st Capital Trust I (the Trust) is a business trust formed by Service 1 st for the sole purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. The Company succeeded to all the rights and obligations of Service 1 st in connection with the acquisition of Service 1 st. The Trust is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.
The Bank operates 21 full service offices in Clovis, Exeter, Fresno, Kerman, Lodi, Madera, Merced, Modesto, Oakhurst, Prather, Sacramento, Stockton, Tracy, and Visalia, California. The Bank’s primary source of revenue is providing loans to customers who are predominately small and middle-market businesses and individuals.
The deposits of the Bank are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) up to applicable legal limits. Depositors’ accounts at an insured depository institution, including all non-interest bearing transactions accounts, will be insured by the FDIC up to the standard maximum deposit insurance amount of $250,000 for each deposit insurance ownership category.
The accounting and reporting policies of Central Valley Community Bancorp and Subsidiary conform with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and prevailing practices within the banking industry.
Management has determined that because all of the banking products and services offered by the Company are available in each branch of the Bank, all branches are located within the same economic environment and management does not allocate resources based on the performance of different lending or transaction activities, it is appropriate to aggregate the Bank branches and report them as a single operating segment. No customer accounts for more than 10 percent of revenues for the Company or the Bank.
Principles of Consolidation - The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and the consolidated accounts of its wholly-owned subsidiary, the Bank.
For financial reporting purposes, Service 1st Capital Trust I, is a wholly-owned subsidiary acquired in the merger of Service 1 st Bancorp and formed for the exclusive purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. The Company is not considered the primary beneficiary of this trust (variable interest entity), therefore the trust is not consolidated in the Company’s financial statements, but rather the subordinated debentures are shown as a liability on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The Company’s investment in the common stock of the Trust is included in accrued interest receivable and other assets on the consolidated balance sheet.
Use of Estimates - The preparation of these financial statements in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates the estimates used. Estimates are based upon historical experience, current economic conditions and other factors that management considers reasonable under the circumstances.
These estimates result in judgments regarding the carrying values of assets and liabilities when these values are not readily available from other sources, as well as assessing and identifying the accounting treatments of contingencies and commitments. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions.
Cash and Cash Equivalents - For the purpose of the statement of cash flows, cash, due from banks with maturities less than 90 days, and Federal funds sold are considered to be cash equivalents. Generally, Federal funds are sold for one-day periods. Net cash flows are reported for customer loan and deposit transactions, interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions, and federal funds purchased.
Investment Securities - Investments are classified into the following categories:

• | Available-for-sale securities, reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported, net of taxes, as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within shareholders’ equity.

• | Held-to-maturity securities, which management has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity, reported at amortized cost, adjusted for the accretion of discounts and amortization of premiums.

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Management determines the appropriate classification of its investments at the time of purchase and may only change the classification in certain limited circumstances. All transfers between categories are accounted for at fair value. During the year ended December 31, 2014 management transferred $31,346,000 of securities from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity. For the year ended December 31, 2013, there were no transfers between categories. At December 31, 2013, the Company had no held-to-maturity securities.
Gains or losses on the sale of investment securities are computed on the specific identification method. Interest earned on investment securities is reported in interest income, net of applicable adjustments for accretion of discounts and amortization of premiums. Premiums and discounts on securities are amortized or accreted on the level yield method without anticipating prepayments, except for mortgage backed securities where prepayments are anticipated.
An investment security is impaired when its carrying value is greater than its fair value. Investment securities that are impaired are evaluated on at least a quarterly basis and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation to determine whether such a decline in their fair value is other than temporary. Management utilizes criteria such as the magnitude and duration of the decline and the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the securities for a period of time sufficient to allow for an anticipated recovery in fair value, in addition to the reasons underlying the decline, to determine whether the loss in value is other than temporary. The term “other than temporary” is not intended to indicate that the decline is permanent, but indicates that the prospect for a near-term recovery of value is not necessarily favorable, or that there is a lack of evidence to support a realizable value equal to or greater than the carrying value of the investment. Once a decline in value is determined to be other than temporary, and management does not intend to sell the security or it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell the security before recovery, for debt securities, only the portion of the impairment loss representing credit exposure is recognized as a charge to earnings, with the balance recognized as a charge to other comprehensive income. If management intends to sell the security or it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovering its forecasted cost, the entire impairment loss is recognized as a charge to earnings.
Loans - For all loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are stated at principal balances outstanding net of deferred loan fees and costs, and the allowance for credit losses. Interest is accrued daily based upon outstanding loan balances. However, for all loans when, in the opinion of management, loans are considered impaired and the future collectability of interest and principal is in serious doubt, a loan is placed on nonaccrual status and the accrual of interest income is suspended. Any loan 90 days or more delinquent is automatically placed on nonaccrual status. Any interest accrued but unpaid is charged against income. Payments received are applied to reduce principal to ensure collection. Subsequent payments on these loans, or payments received on nonaccrual loans for which the ultimate collectability of principal is not in doubt, are applied first to principal until fully collected and then to interest.
Interest income on mortgage and commercial loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the loan is well-secured and in process of collection. Consumer and credit card loans are typically charged off no later than 90 days past due. Past due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. Nonaccrual loans and loans past due 90 days still on accrual include both smaller balance homogeneous loans that are individually evaluated for impairment. A loan is moved to non-accrual status in accordance with the Company’s policy, typically after 90 days of non-payment. A loan placed on non-accrual status may be restored to accrual status when principal and interest are no longer past due and unpaid, or the loan otherwise becomes both well secured and in the process of collection. When a loan is brought current the Company must also have a reasonable assurance that the obligor has the ability to meet all contractual obligations in the future, that the loan will be repaid within a reasonable period of time, and that a minimum of six months of satisfactory repayment performance has occurred.
Substantially all loan origination fees, commitment fees, direct loan origination costs and purchase premiums and discounts on loans are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of yield, and amortized to interest income over the contractual term of the loan. The unamortized balance of deferred fees and costs is reported as a component of net loans.
Allowance for Credit Losses - The allowance for credit losses (the "allowance") is a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses in the Company’s loan portfolio. The allowance is established through a provision for credit losses which is charged to expense. Additions to the allowance are expected to maintain the adequacy of the total allowance after credit losses and loan growth. Credit exposures determined to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance. Cash received on previously charged off amounts is recorded as a recovery to the allowance. The overall allowance consists of two primary components, specific reserves related to impaired loans and general reserves for inherent losses related to loans that are not impaired.
For all loan classes, a loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due, including principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the original agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of
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payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Loans determined to be impaired are individually evaluated for impairment. When a loan is impaired, the Company measures impairment based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, except that as a practical expedient, it may measure impairment based on a loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. A loan is collateral dependent if the repayment of the loan is expected to be provided solely by the underlying collateral.
A restructuring of a debt constitutes a troubled debt restructuring (TDR) if the Company for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor’s financial difficulties grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider. Restructured workout loans typically present an elevated level of credit risk as the borrowers are not able to perform according to the original contractual terms. Loans that are reported as TDRs are considered impaired and measured for impairment as described above. For TDRs that subsequently default, the Company determines the amount of reserve in accordance with the accounting policy for the allowance for credit losses.
At December 31, 2013, the Company had loans that were acquired in an acquisition, for which there was, at acquisition, evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and for which it was probable, at acquisition, that all contractually required payments would not be collected. These purchased credit impaired loans are recorded at the amount paid, such that there is no carryover of the seller’s allowance for loan losses. After acquisition, losses are recognized by an increase in the Company’s allowance for credit losses. The Company estimates the amount and timing of expected cash flows for each loan and the expected cash flows in excess of amount paid is recorded as interest income over the remaining life of the loan (accretable yield). The excess of the loan’s contractual principal and interest over expected cash flows is not recorded (nonaccretable difference). Over the life of the loan, expected cash flows continue to be estimated. If the present value of expected cash flows is less than the carrying amount, a loss is recorded. If the present value of expected cash flows is greater than the carrying amount, it is recognized as part of future interest income. At December 31, 2014, the Company no longer had any purchased credit impaired loans.
For all portfolio segments, the determination of the general reserve for loans that are not impaired is based on estimates made by management, including but not limited to, consideration of a simple average of historical losses by portfolio segment (and in certain cases peer loss data) over the most recent 20 quarters, and qualitative factors including economic trends in the Company’s service areas, industry experience and trends, geographic concentrations, estimated collateral values, the Company’s underwriting policies, the character of the loan portfolio, and probable losses inherent in the portfolio taken as a whole.
The Company maintains a separate allowance for each portfolio segment. These portfolio segments include commercial, real estate, and consumer loans. The relative significance of risk considerations vary by portfolio segment. For commercial and real estate loans, the primary risk consideration is a borrower’s ability to generate sufficient cash flows to repay their loan. Secondary considerations include the creditworthiness of guarantors and the valuation of collateral. In addition to the creditworthiness of a borrower, the type and location of real estate collateral is an important risk factor for real estate loans. The primary risk considerations for consumer loans are a borrower’s personal cash flow and liquidity, as well as collateral value. The allowance for credit losses attributable to each portfolio segment, which includes both impaired loans and loans that are not impaired, is combined to determine the Company’s overall allowance, which is included on the consolidated balance sheet.
The Company assigns a risk rating to all loans, and periodically performs detailed reviews of all such loans over a certain threshold to identify credit risks and to assess the overall collectability of the portfolio. The most recent review of risk rating was completed in December 2014. These risk ratings are also subject to examination by independent specialists engaged by the Company and the Company’s regulators. During these internal reviews, management monitors and analyzes the financial condition of borrowers and guarantors, trends in the industries in which borrowers operate and the fair values of collateral securing these loans. These credit quality indicators are used to assign a risk rating to each individual loan. The risk ratings can be grouped into five major categories, defined as follows:
Pass — A pass loan is a strong credit with no existing or known potential weaknesses deserving of management’s close attention.
Special Mention — A special mention loan has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or in the Company’s credit position at some future date. Special Mention loans are not adversely classified and do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.
Substandard — A substandard loan is not adequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or the value of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified as substandard have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. Well defined weaknesses include a project’s lack of marketability, inadequate cash flow or collateral support, failure to complete construction on time or the project’s failure to fulfill economic expectations. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
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Doubtful — Loans classified doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently known facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors, which may work to the advantage and strengthening of the asset, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition, or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral, and refinancing plans. Doubtful classification is considered temporary and short term.
Loss — Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and charged off immediately.
The general reserve component of the allowance for credit losses also consists of reserve factors that are based on management’s assessment of the following for each portfolio segment: (1) inherent credit risk, (2) historical losses and (3) other qualitative factors including economic trends in the Company’s service areas, industry experience and trends, geographic concentrations, estimated collateral values, the Company’s underwriting policies, the character of the loan portfolio, and probable losses inherent in the portfolio taken as a whole. Inherent credit risk and qualitative reserve factors are inherently subjective and are driven by the repayment risk associated with each class of loans described below.
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial — Commercial and industrial loans are generally underwritten to existing cash flows of operating businesses. Debt coverage is provided by business cash flows and economic trends influenced by unemployment rates and other key economic indicators are closely correlated to the credit quality of these loans. Past due receivables indicate the borrower's capacity to repay their obligations may be deteriorating.
Agricultural land and production — Loans secured by crop production and livestock are especially vulnerable to two risk factors that are largely outside the control of Company and borrowers: commodity prices and weather conditions.
Real Estate:
Owner Occupied — Real estate collateral secured by commercial or professional properties with repayment arising from the owner’s business cash flows. To meet this classification, the owner’s operation must occupy no less than 50% of the real estate held. Financial profitability and capacity to meet the cyclical nature of the industry and related real estate market over a significant timeframe is essential.
Real estate construction and other land loans — Land and construction loans generally possess a higher inherent risk of loss than other real estate portfolio segments. A major risk arises from the necessity to complete projects within specified cost and time lines. Trends in the construction industry significantly impact the credit quality of these loans, as demand drives construction activity. In addition, trends in real estate values significantly impact the credit quality of these loans, as property values determine the economic viability of construction projects.
Agricultural real estate — Agricultural loans secured by real estate generally possess a higher inherent risk of loss caused by changes in concentration of permanent plantings, government subsidies, and the value of the U.S. dollar affecting the export of commodities.
Commercial real estate — Commercial real estate loans generally possess a higher inherent risk of loss than other real estate portfolio segments, except land and construction loans. Adverse economic developments or an overbuilt market impact commercial real estate projects and may result in troubled loans. Trends in vacancy rates of commercial properties impact the credit quality of these loans. High vacancy rates reduce operating revenues and the ability for properties to produce sufficient cash flows to service debt obligations.
Other Real Estate — Primarily loans secured by agricultural real estate for development and production of permanent plantings that have not reached maximum yields. Also real estate loans where agricultural vertical integration exists in packing and shipping of commodities. Risk is primarily based on the liquidity of the borrower to sustain payment during the development period. In addition, weather conditions and commodity prices within obligor’s existing agricultural production may affect repayment.
Consumer:
Equity loans and lines of credit — The degree of risk in residential real estate lending depends primarily on the loan amount in relation to collateral value, the interest rate and the borrower’s ability to repay in an orderly fashion. These loans generally possess a lower inherent risk of loss than other real estate portfolio segments. Economic trends determined by unemployment rates and other key economic indicators are closely correlated to the credit quality of these loans. Weak economic trends indicate that the borrowers’ capacity to repay their obligations may be deteriorating.
Consumer and installment — An installment loan portfolio is usually comprised of a large number of small loans scheduled to be amortized over a specific period. Most installment loans are made directly for consumer purchases, but business loans granted for the purchase of heavy equipment or industrial vehicles may also be included. Consumer loans include credit card and other open ended unsecured consumer receivables. Credit card receivables and open ended unsecured receivables generally have a higher rate of default than all other portfolio segments and are also impacted by weak economic
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conditions and trends. Credit card receivables and open ended unsecured receivables in homogeneous loan portfolio segments are not evaluated for specific impairment.
Although management believes the allowance to be adequate, ultimate losses may vary from its estimates. At least quarterly, the Board of Directors reviews the adequacy of the allowance, including consideration of the relative risks in the portfolio, current economic conditions and other factors. If the Board of Directors and management determine that changes are warranted based on those reviews, the allowance is adjusted. In addition, the Company’s primary regulators, the FDIC and California Department of Business Oversight, as an integral part of their examination process, review the adequacy of the allowance. These regulatory agencies may require additions to the allowance based on their judgment about information available at the time of their examinations.
Bank Premises and Equipment - Land is carried at cost. Bank premises and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is determined using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets. The useful lives of Bank premises are estimated to be between twenty and forty years. The useful lives of improvements to Bank premises, furniture, fixtures and equipment are estimated to be three to ten years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the life of the asset or the term of the related lease, whichever is shorter. When assets are sold or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is recognized in income for the period. The cost of maintenance and repairs is charged to expense as incurred.
The Bank evaluates premises and equipment for financial impairment as events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such assets may not be fully recoverable.
Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) Stock - The Bank is a member of the FHLB system. Members are required to own a certain amount of stock based on the level of borrowings and other factors, and may invest in additional amounts. FHLB stock is carried at cost, classified as a restricted security, and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value. Both cash and stock dividends are reported as income.
Other Real Estate Owned - Other real estate owned (OREO) is comprised of property acquired through foreclosure proceedings or acceptance of deeds-in-lieu of foreclosure. Losses recognized at the time of acquiring property in full or partial satisfaction of debt are charged against the allowance for credit losses. OREO is initially recorded at fair value less estimated disposition costs. Fair value of OREO is generally based on an independent appraisal of the property. Subsequent to initial measurement, OREO is carried at the lower of the recorded investment or fair value less disposition costs. If fair value declines subsequent to foreclosure, a valuation allowance is recorded through noninterest expense. Revenues and expenses associated with OREO are reported as a component of noninterest expense when incurred.
Bank Owned Life Insurance - The Company has purchased life insurance policies on certain key executives. Company owned life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement.
Goodwill - Business combinations involving the Bank’s acquisition of the equity interests or net assets of another enterprise give rise to goodwill. Total goodwill at December 31, 2014 and 2013 represents the excess of the cost of Visalia Community Bank, Service 1 st Bancorp and Bank of Madera County, respectively, over the net of the amounts assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the transactions accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. The value of goodwill is ultimately derived from the Bank’s ability to generate net earnings after the acquisitions and is not deductible for tax purposes. A decline in net earnings could be indicative of a decline in the fair value of goodwill and result in impairment. For that reason, goodwill is assessed at least annually for impairment.
The Company has selected September 30 as the date to perform the annual impairment test. Management assessed qualitative factors including performance trends and noted no factors indicating goodwill impairment. Goodwill is also tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the Company below its carrying amount. No such events or circumstances arose during the fourth quarter of 2014, so goodwill was not required to be retested. Goodwill is the only intangible asset with an indefinite life on our balance sheet.
Intangible Assets - The intangible assets at December 31, 2014 represent the estimated fair value of the core deposit relationships acquired in the acquisition of Service 1 st Bank in 2008, and the 2013 acquisition of Visalia Community Bank. Core deposit intangibles are being amortized using the straight-line method over an estimated life of seven - ten years from the date of acquisition. Management evaluates the remaining useful lives quarterly to determine whether events or circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining periods of amortization. Based on the evaluation, no changes to the remaining useful lives was required. Management performed an annual impairment test on core deposit intangibles as of September 30, 2014 and determined no impairment was necessary.
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Loan Commitments and Related Financial Instruments - Financial instruments include off‑balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans and commercial letters of credit, issued to meet customer financing needs. The face amount of these items represents the exposure to loss, before considering customer collateral or ability to repay. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.
Income Taxes - The Company files its income taxes on a consolidated basis with its Subsidiary. The allocation of income tax expense represents each entity’s proportionate share of the consolidated provision for income taxes.
Income tax expense represents the total of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax consequences of temporary differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment. On the balance sheet, net deferred tax assets are included in accrued interest receivable and other assets.
The realization of deferred income tax assets is assessed and a valuation allowance is recorded if it is “more likely than not” that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. “More likely than not” is defined as greater than a 50% chance. All available evidence, both positive and negative is considered to determine whether, based on the weight of that evidence, a valuation allowance is needed.
Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes - The Company uses a comprehensive model for recognizing, measuring, presenting and disclosing in the financial statements tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is more likely than not that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the more likely than not test, no tax benefit is recorded.
Interest expense and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits, if any, are classified as income tax expense in the consolidated statement of income.
Retirement Plans - Employee 401(k) plan expense is the amount of employer matching contributions. Profit sharing plan expense is the amount of employer contributions. Contributions to the profit sharing plan are determined at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Deferred compensation and supplemental retirement plan expense is allocated over years of service.
Earnings Per Common Share - Basic earnings per common share (EPS), which excludes dilution, is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders (net income after deducting dividends, if any, on preferred stock and accretion of discount) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock, such as stock options or warrants, result in the issuance of common stock which shares in the earnings of the Company. All data with respect to computing earnings per share is retroactively adjusted to reflect stock dividends and splits and the treasury stock method is applied to determine the dilutive effect of stock options in computing diluted EPS.
Comprehensive Income - Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income. Other comprehensive income includes unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale which are also recognized as separate components of equity.
Loss Contingencies - Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does not believe there are such matters that will have a material effect on the financial statements.
Restrictions on Cash: - Cash on hand or on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank was required to meet regulatory reserve and clearing requirements.
Share-Based Compensation - Compensation cost is recognized for stock options and restricted stock awards issued to employees, based on the fair value of these awards at the date of grant. A Black-Scholes-Merton model is utilized to estimate the fair value of stock options, while the market price of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant is used for restricted stock awards.
Compensation cost is recognized over the required service period, generally defined as the vesting period. For awards with graded vesting, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award.
The cash flows from the tax benefits resulting from tax deductions in excess of the compensation cost recognized for those options (excess tax benefits) are classified as cash flows from financing activity in the statement of cash flows. Excess tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 were $7,000, $17,000, and $26,000, respectively.
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Dividend Restriction: - Banking regulations require maintaining certain capital levels and may limit the dividends paid by the Bank to the Company or by the Company to shareholders.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments - Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions, as more fully disclosed in Note 3. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment regarding interest rates, credit risk, prepayments, and other factors, especially in the absence of broad markets for particular items. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect these estimates.
Reclassifications - Some items in the prior years’ financial statements were reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Reclassifications had no effect on prior years’ net income or shareholders’ equity.
2. ACQUISITION OF VISALIA COMMUNITY BANK
Effective July 1, 2013, the Company acquired Visalia Community Bank, headquartered in Visalia, California, wherein Visalia Community Bank, with three branches in Visalia and one branch in Exeter, merged with and into Central Valley Community Bancorp’s subsidiary, Central Valley Community Bank, in a combined cash and stock transaction. Visalia Community Bank’s assets (unaudited) as of July 1, 2013 totaled approximately $197.621 million. The acquired assets and liabilities were recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition.
Under the terms of the merger agreement, the Company issued an aggregate of approximately 1.263 million shares of its common stock and cash totaling approximately $11.05 million to the former shareholders of Visalia Community Bank. Each Visalia Community Bank common shareholder of record at the effective time of the merger became entitled to receive 2.971 shares of common stock of the Company for each of their shares of Visalia Community Bank common stock.
In accordance with GAAP guidance for business combinations, the Company recorded $6.34 million of goodwill and $1.4 million of other intangible assets on the acquisition date. The other intangible assets are primarily related to core deposits and are being amortized using a straight-line method over a period of ten years with no significant residual value. For tax purposes purchase accounting adjustments, including goodwill are all non-taxable and/or non-deductible.
The acquisition was consistent with the Company’s strategy to build a regional presence in Central California. The acquisition offers the Company the opportunity to increase profitability by introducing existing products and services to the acquired customer base as well as add new customers in the expanded region.
The following table summarizes the consideration paid for Visalia Community Bank and the amounts of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed recognized at the acquisition date (in thousands):

Merger consideration: |
Cash | $ | 11,050 |
Common stock issued | 12,727 |
Fair Value of Total Consideration Transferred | $ | 23,777 |
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed: |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 51,985 |
Loans, net | 113,467 |
Investments | 14,818 |
Core deposit intangible | 1,365 |
Premises and equipment | 4,263 |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock | 698 |
Other real estate owned | 263 |
Deferred taxes and taxes receivable | 3,179 |
Bank owned life insurance | 6,786 |
Other assets | 797 |
Total assets acquired | 197,621 |
Deposits | 174,206 |
Other liabilities | 5,978 |
Total liabilities assumed | 180,184 |
Total identifiable net assets | 17,437 |
Goodwill | $ | 6,340 |

The fair value of net assets acquired includes fair value adjustments to certain loans that were not considered impaired as of the acquisition date. The fair value adjustments were determined using discounted contractual cash flows. However, the Company believes that all contractual cash flows related to these financial instruments will be collected. As such, these loans were not
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considered impaired at the acquisition date and were not subject to the guidance relating to purchased credit impaired loans, which have shown evidence of credit deterioration since origination. Loans acquired that were not subject to these requirements include non-impaired loans and customer receivables with a fair value and gross contractual amounts receivable of $110,891,000 and $113,743,000, respectively, on the date of acquisition. See Note 5 for discussion of purchased credit impaired loans.
Pro Forma Results of Operations
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Visalia Community Bank since July 1, 2013. The following table presents pro forma results of operations information for the periods presented as if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2012 after giving effect to certain adjustments. The pro forma results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 include the historical accounts of the Company and Visalia Community Bank and pro forma adjustments as may be required, including the amortization of intangibles with definite lives and the amortization or accretion of any premiums or discounts arising from fair value adjustments for assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The pro forma information is intended for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the Company’s future operating results or operating results that would have occurred had the acquisition been completed at the beginning of 2012. No assumptions have been applied to the pro forma results of operations regarding possible revenue enhancements, expense efficiencies or asset dispositions. (In thousands, except per share amounts):

|  | For the Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2013 |  | 2012
Net interest income |  | $ | 36,773 |  |  | $ | 36,964 |
Provision for credit losses |  | 298 |  |  | 1,534 |
Non-interest income |  | 8,576 |  |  | 9,394 |
Non-interest expense |  | 36,917 |  |  | 35,531 |
Income before provision for income taxes |  | 8,134 |  |  | 9,293 |
Provision for income taxes |  | 783 |  |  | 1,625 |
Net income |  | $ | 7,351 |  |  | $ | 7,668 |
Preferred stock dividends and accretion |  | 350 |  |  | 350 |
Net income available to common shareholders |  | $ | 7,001 |  |  | $ | 7,318 |
Basic earnings per common share |  | $ | 0.68 |  |  | $ | 0.67 |
Diluted earnings per common share |  | $ | 0.68 |  |  | $ | 0.68 |

3. | FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair Value Hierarchy
Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. In accordance with applicable guidance, the Company groups its assets and liabilities measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. Valuations within these levels are based upon:
Level 1 — Quoted market prices (unadjusted) for identical instruments traded in active exchange markets that the Company has the ability to access as of the measurement date.
Level 2 — Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3 — Model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect the Company’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use on pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include management judgment and estimation which may be significant.
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Management monitors the availability of observable market data to assess the appropriate classification of financial instruments within the fair value hierarchy. Changes in economic conditions or model-based valuation techniques may require the transfer of financial instruments from one fair value level to another. In such instances, we report the transfer at the beginning of the reporting period.
The estimated carrying and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments are as follows (in thousands):

|  | December 31, 2014
|  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
|  |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | $ | 21,316 |  |  | $ | 21,316 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21,316 |
Interest-earning deposits in other banks |  | 55,646 |  |  | 55,646 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 55,646 |
Federal funds sold |  | 366 |  |  | 366 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 366 |
Available-for-sale investment securities |  | 432,535 |  |  | 7,585 |  |  | 424,950 |  |  | — |  |  | 432,535 |
Held-to-maturity investment securities |  | 31,964 |  |  | — |  |  | 35,096 |  |  | — |  |  | 35,096 |
Loans, net |  | 564,280 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 564,667 |  |  | 564,667 |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock |  | 4,791 |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Accrued interest receivable |  | 5,793 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 3,212 |  |  | 2,556 |  |  | 5,793 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  | 1,039,152 |  |  | 885,704 |  |  | 153,475 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,039,179 |
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures |  | 5,155 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,119 |  |  | 3,119 |
Accrued interest payable |  | 114 |  |  | — |  |  | 90 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 114 |

|  | December 31, 2013
|  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
|  |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | $ | 25,878 |  |  | $ | 25,878 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 25,878 |
Interest-earning deposits in other banks |  | 85,956 |  |  | 85,956 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 85,956 |
Federal funds sold |  | 218 |  |  | 218 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 218 |
Available-for-sale investment securities |  | 443,224 |  |  | 7,514 |  |  | 435,710 |  |  | — |  |  | 443,224 |
Loans, net |  | 503,149 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 507,361 |  |  | 507,361 |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock |  | 4,499 |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |
Accrued interest receivable |  | 5,026 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 2,976 |  |  | 2,029 |  |  | 5,026 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  | 1,004,143 |  |  | 834,864 |  |  | 169,065 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,003,929 |
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures |  | 5,155 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,750 |  |  | 2,750 |
Accrued interest payable |  | 129 |  |  | — |  |  | 105 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 129 |

These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument for sale at one time, nor do they attempt to estimate the value of anticipated future business related to the instruments. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in any of these estimates.
These estimates are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market data and information about the financial instruments. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the fair values presented.
The methods and assumptions used to estimate fair values are described as follows:
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(a) Cash and Cash Equivalents — The carrying amounts of cash and due from banks, interest-earning deposits in other banks, and Federal funds sold approximate fair values and are classified as Level 1.
(b) Investment Securities — Investment securities in Level 1 are mutual funds and fair values are based on quoted market prices for identical instruments traded in active markets. Fair values for investment securities classified in Level 2 are based on quoted market prices for similar securities in active markets. For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other market indicators.
(c) Loans — Fair values of loans are estimated as follows: For variable rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant change in credit risk, fair values are based on carrying values resulting in a Level 3 classification. Purchased credit impaired (PCI) loans are measured at estimated fair value on the date of acquisition. Carrying value is calculated as the present value of expected cash flows and approximates fair value. Fair values for other loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, using interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality resulting in a Level 3 classification. Impaired loans are initially valued at the lower of cost or fair value. Impaired loans carried at fair value generally receive specific allocations of the allowance for credit losses. For collateral dependent loans, fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management's historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. Impaired loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly. The methods utilized to estimate the fair value of loans do not necessarily represent an exit price.
(d) FHLB Stock — It is not practicable to determine the fair value of FHLB stock due to restrictions placed on its transferability.
e) Other real estate owned — OREO is measured at fair value less estimated costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. Fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. The Company records OREO as non-recurring with level 3 measurement inputs.
(f) Deposits — Fair value of demand deposit, savings, and money market accounts are, by definition, equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amount) resulting resulting in a Level 1 classification. Fair value for fixed and variable rate certificates of deposit are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses using interest rates offered at each reporting date by the Company for certificates with similar remaining maturities resulting in a Level 2 classification.
(g) Short-Term Borrowings — The carrying amounts of federal funds purchased, borrowings under repurchase agreements, and other short-term borrowings, generally maturing within ninety days, approximate their fair values resulting in a Level 2 classification.
(h) Other Borrowings — The fair values of the Company’s long-term borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the current borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements resulting in a Level 2 classification.
The fair values of the Company’s Subordinated Debentures are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the current borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements resulting in a Level 3 classification.
(i) Accrued Interest Receivable/Payable — The fair value of accrued interest receivable and payable is based on the fair value hierarchy of the related asset or liability.
(j) Off-Balance Sheet Instruments — Fair values for off-balance sheet, credit-related financial instruments are based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing. The fair value of commitments is not material.
Assets Recorded at Fair Value
The following tables present information about the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2014:
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Recurring Basis
The Company is required or permitted to record the following assets at fair value on a recurring basis under other accounting pronouncements (in thousands):

|  | Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Available-for-sale investment securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government agencies |  | $ | 33,090 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 33,090 |  |  | $ | — |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | 149,295 |  |  | — |  |  | 149,295 |  |  | — |
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies collateralized by residential mortgage obligations |  | 237,872 |  |  | — |  |  | 237,872 |  |  | — |
Private label residential mortgage backed securities |  | 4,693 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,693 |  |  | — |
Other equity securities |  | 7,585 |  |  | 7,585 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis |  | $ | 432,535 |  |  | $ | 7,585 |  |  | $ | 424,950 |  |  | $ | — |

Securities in Level 1 are mutual funds and fair values are based on quoted market prices for identical instruments traded in active markets. Fair values for available-for-sale investment securities in Level 2 are based on quoted market prices for similar securities in active markets. For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other market indicators.
Management evaluates the significance of transfers between levels based upon the nature of the financial instrument and size of the transfer relative to total assets, total liabilities or total earnings. During the year ended December 31, 2014, no transfers between levels occurred.
There were no Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2014. Also there were no liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2014.
Non-recurring Basis
The Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a non-recurring basis. These include the following assets and liabilities that are measured at the lower of cost or fair value that were recognized at fair value which was below cost at December 31, 2014 (in thousands):

|  | Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Impaired loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 7,019 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,019 |
Total commercial |  | 7,019 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,019 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity loans and lines of credit |  | 777 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | 777 |
Total consumer |  | 777 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 777 |
Total impaired loans |  | 7,796 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,796 |
Total assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis |  | $ | 7,796 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,796 |

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The following table presents quantitative information about level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31,2014.

Description |  | Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique(s) |  | Significant Unobservable Input(s) |  | Range (Weighted Average)
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 7,019 |  |  | Sales comparison |  | Appraiser adjustments on sales comparable data |  | 0.00%-6.00%
|  |  |  | Management estimates |  | Management adjustments for depreciation in values depending on property types |  | 8.00%-25.00%
Equity loans and lines of credit |  | $ | 777 |  |  | Sales comparison |  | Appraiser adjustments on sales comparable data |  | 0.00%-3.50%
|  |  |  | Management estimates |  | Management adjustments for depreciation in values depending on property types |  | 11.00%

At the time a loan is considered impaired, it is valued at the lower of cost or fair value. Impaired loans carried at fair value generally receive specific allocations of the allowance for credit losses. For collateral dependent loans, fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. The fair value of impaired loans is based on the fair value of the collateral. Impaired loans were determined to be collateral dependent and categorized as Level 3 due to ongoing real estate market conditions resulting in inactive market data, which in turn required the use of unobservable inputs and assumptions in fair value measurements. Impaired loans evaluated under the discounted cash flow method are excluded from the table above. The discounted cash flow method as prescribed by topic 310 is not a fair value measurement since the discount rate utilized is the loan’s effective interest rate which is not a market rate. There were no changes in valuation techniques used during the year ended December 31, 2014.
Appraisals for collateral-dependent impaired loans are performed by certified general appraisers (for commercial properties) or certified residential appraisers (for residential properties) whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by the Company. Once received, the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as the overall resulting fair value is compared with independent data sources such as recent market data or industry-wide statistics.
Impaired loans that are measured for impairment using the fair value of the collateral for collateral dependent loans, had a principal balance of $8,239,000 with a valuation allowance of $443,000 at December 31, 2014, down to their fair value of $7,796,000. The valuation allowance represents specific allocations for the allowance for credit losses for impaired loans.
During the year ended December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, there was $3,921,000 and $0 provision for credit losses related to loans carried at fair value . During the year ended December 31, 2014 there was $$3,539,000 net charge-offs related to loans carried at fair value compared to no charge-offs at December 31, 2013.
There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2014.
The following two tables present information about the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis as of December 31, 2013:
Recurring Basis
The Company is required or permitted to record the following assets at fair value on a recurring basis under other accounting pronouncements (in thousands):
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|  | Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Available-for-sale securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government agencies |  | $ | 18,203 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18,203 |  |  | $ | — |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | 158,407 |  |  | — |  |  | 158,407 |  |  | — |
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies collateralized by residential mortgage obligations |  | 253,709 |  |  | — |  |  | 253,709 |  |  | — |
Private label residential mortgage backed securities |  | 5,391 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,391 |  |  | — |
Other equity securities |  | 7,514 |  |  | 7,514 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis |  | $ | 443,224 |  |  | $ | 7,514 |  |  | $ | 435,710 |  |  | $ | — |

Securities in Level 1 are mutual funds and fair values are based on quoted market prices for identical instruments traded in active markets. Fair values for available-for-sale investment securities in Level 2 are based on quoted market prices for similar securities in active markets. For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other market indicators.
There were no Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2013. Also there were no liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at December 31, 2013.
Non-recurring Basis
The Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a non-recurring basis. These include the following assets and liabilities that are measured at the lower of cost or fair value that were recognized at fair value which was below cost at December 31, 2013 (in thousands):

|  | Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Impaired loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity loans and lines of credit |  | $ | 133 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 133 |
Total consumer |  | 133 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 133 |
Total impaired loans |  | 133 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 133 |
Total assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis |  | $ | 133 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 133 |

At the time a loan is considered impaired, it is valued at the lower of cost or fair value. Impaired loans carried at fair value generally receive specific allocations of the allowance for credit losses. For collateral dependent loans, fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. The fair value of impaired loans is based on the fair value of the collateral. Impaired loans were determined to be collateral dependent and categorized as Level 3 due to ongoing real estate market conditions resulting in inactive market data, which in turn required the use of unobservable inputs and assumptions in fair value measurements. Impaired loans evaluated under the discounted cash flow method are excluded from the table above. The discounted cash flow method as prescribed by topic 310 is not a fair value measurement since the discount rate utilized is the loan’s effective interest rate which is not a market rate. There were no changes in valuation techniques used during the year ended December 31, 2013.
Appraisals for collateral-dependent impaired loans are performed by certified general appraisers (for commercial properties) or certified residential appraisers (for residential properties) whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by the Company. Once received, the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as the overall resulting fair value is compared with independent data sources such as recent market data or industry-wide statistics.
Impaired loans that are measured for impairment using the fair value of the collateral for collateral dependent loans had a principal balance of $194,000 with a valuation allowance of $61,000 at December 31, 2013, down to their fair value of $133,000. The valuation allowance represents specific allocations for the allowance for credit losses for impaired loans.
There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2013.
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4. | INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The fair value of the available-for-sale investment portfolio reflected an unrealized gain of $8,896,000 at December 31, 2014 compared to an unrealized loss of $3,884,000 at December 31, 2013. The unrealized gain or loss recorded is net of $3,661,000 in tax liabilities and $1,598,000 in tax benefits as accumulated other comprehensive income within shareholders’ equity at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Company did not have any held-to-maturity securities during the year ended December 31, 2013.
The following two tables set forth the carrying values and estimated fair values of our investment securities portfolio at the dates indicated (in thousands):

| December 31, 2014
| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
Available-for-Sale Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government agencies | $ | 33,088 |  |  | $ | 245 |  |  | $ | (243 | ) |  | $ | 33,090 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 143,343 |  |  | 6,266 |  |  | (314 | ) |  | 149,295 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies collateralized by residential mortgage obligations | 236,629 |  |  | 2,033 |  |  | (790 | ) |  | 237,872 |
Private label residential mortgage backed securities | 3,079 |  |  | 1,614 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,693 |
Other equity securities | 7,500 |  |  | 85 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,585 |
| $ | 423,639 |  |  | $ | 10,243 |  |  | $ | (1,347 | ) |  | $ | 432,535 |

| December 31, 2014
Held-to-Maturity Securities | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
Debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | $ | 31,964 |  |  | $ | 3,138 |  |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | 35,096 |

| December 31, 2013
| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
Available-for-Sale Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government agencies | $ | 18,172 |  |  | $ | 115 |  |  | $ | (84 | ) |  | $ | 18,203 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 162,018 |  |  | 2,906 |  |  | (6,517 | ) |  | 158,407 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies collateralized by residential mortgage obligations | 254,978 |  |  | 1,075 |  |  | (2,344 | ) |  | 253,709 |
Private label residential mortgage backed securities | 4,344 |  |  | 1,047 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,391 |
Other equity securities | 7,596 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (84 | ) |  | 7,514 |
` | $ | 447,108 |  |  | $ | 5,145 |  |  | $ | (9,029 | ) |  | $ | 443,224 |

During 2014, the Company transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity selected municipal securities having a book value of $31,346,000, and a market value of $31,509,000, including a net unrealized gain of $163,000. During 2014, accretion of this unrealized gain totaling $21,000 was recorded as interest income and the remaining balance of unamortized unrealized gains of $142,000 is included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders’ equity.
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Proceeds and gross realized gains (losses) on investment securities for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 are shown below (in thousands):

|  | Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Available-for-Sale Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from sales or calls |  | $ | 79,757 |  |  | $ | 88,146 |  |  | $ | 39,119 |
Gross realized gains from sales or calls |  | $ | 1,754 |  |  | $ | 2,728 |  |  | $ | 2,121 |
Gross realized losses from sales or calls |  | $ | (850 | ) |  | $ | (1,463 | ) |  | $ | (482 | )

The provision for income taxes includes $372,000, $521,000, and $674,000 income tax impact from the reclassification of unrealized net gains on available-for-sale securities to realized net gains on available-for-sale securities for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively.
Investment securities with unrealized losses at December 31, 2014 and 2013 are summarized and classified according to the duration of the loss period as follows (in thousands):

| December 31, 2014
| Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or More |  | Total
| Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Available-for-Sale Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government agencies | $ | 10,950 |  |  | $ | (193 | ) |  | $ | 1,737 |  |  | $ | (50 | ) |  | $ | 12,687 |  |  | $ | (243 | )
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 16,776 |  |  | (89 | ) |  | 15,290 |  |  | (225 | ) |  | 32,066 |  |  | (314 | )
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies collateralized by residential mortgage obligations | 52,905 |  |  | (420 | ) |  | 31,000 |  |  | (370 | ) |  | 83,905 |  |  | (790 | )
| $ | 80,631 |  |  | $ | (702 | ) |  | $ | 48,027 |  |  | $ | (645 | ) |  | $ | 128,658 |  |  | $ | (1,347 | )

| December 31, 2014
| Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or More |  | Total
| Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Held-to-Maturity Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | $ | 1,067 |  |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,067 |  |  | $ | (6 | )

| December 31, 2013
| Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or More |  | Total
| Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Available-for-Sale Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government agencies | $ | 4,132 |  |  | $ | (75 | ) |  | $ | 968 |  |  | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | 5,100 |  |  | $ | (84 | )
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 89,556 |  |  | (5,007 | ) |  | 15,015 |  |  | (1,510 | ) |  | 104,571 |  |  | (6,517 | )
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies collateralized by residential mortgage obligations | 148,853 |  |  | (2,070 | ) |  | 19,199 |  |  | (274 | ) |  | 168,052 |  |  | (2,344 | )
Other equity securities | 7,416 |  |  | (84 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,416 |  |  | (84 | )
| $ | 249,957 |  |  | $ | (7,236 | ) |  | $ | 35,182 |  |  | $ | (1,793 | ) |  | $ | 285,139 |  |  | $ | (9,029 | )

We periodically evaluate each investment security for other-than-temporary impairment, relying primarily on industry analyst reports, observation of market conditions and interest rate fluctuations. The portion of the impairment that is
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attributable to a shortage in the present value of expected future cash flows relative to the amortized cost should be recorded as a current period charge to earnings. The discount rate in this analysis is the original yield expected at time of purchase.
As of December 31, 2014, the Company performed an analysis of the investment portfolio to determine whether any of the investments held in the portfolio had an other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI). Management evaluated all investment securities with an unrealized loss at December 31, 2014, and identified those that had an unrealized loss for at least a consecutive 12 month period, which had an unrealized loss at December 31, 2014 greater than 10% of the recorded book value on that date, or which had an unrealized loss of more than $10,000. Management also analyzed any securities that may have been downgraded by credit rating agencies.
For those bonds that met the evaluation criteria management obtained and reviewed the most recently published national credit ratings for those bonds. For those bonds that were municipal debt securities with an investment grade rating by the rating agencies, management also evaluated the financial condition of the municipality and any applicable municipal bond insurance provider and concluded that no credit related impairment existed.
U.S. Government Agencies - At December 31, 2014, the Company held 10 U.S. Government agency securities of which two were in a loss position for less than 12 months and one was in a loss position and has been in a loss position for 12 months or more. The unrealized losses on the Company’s investments in U.S. Government Agencies were caused by interest rate changes. The contractual terms of those investments do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than the amortized costs of the investment. Because the decline in market value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because the Company does not intend to sell, and it is more likely than not that it will not be required to sell those investments until a recovery of fair value, which may be maturity, the Company does not consider those investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2014.
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions - At December 31, 2014, the Company held 148 obligations of states and political subdivision securities of which eight were in a loss position for less than 12 months and 10 were in a loss position and have been in a loss position for 12 months or more. The unrealized losses on the Company’s investments in obligations of states and political subdivision securities were caused by interest rate changes. Because the decline in market value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because the Company does not intend to sell, and it is more likely than not that it will not be required to sell those investments until a recovery of fair value, which may be maturity, the Company does not consider those investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2014.
U.S. Government Sponsored Entities and Agencies Collateralized by Residential Mortgage Obligations - At December 31, 2014, the Company held 203 U.S. Government sponsored entity and agency securities collateralized by residential mortgage obligation securities of which 32 were in a loss position for less than 12 months and 15 in a loss position for more than 12 months. The unrealized losses on the Company’s investments in U.S. Government sponsored entity and agencies collateralized by residential mortgage obligations were caused by interest rate changes. The contractual cash flows of those investments are guaranteed or supported by an agency or sponsored entity of the U.S. Government. Accordingly, it is expected that the securities would not be settled at a price less than the amortized cost of the Company’s investment. Because the decline in market value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and because the Company does not intend to sell, and it is more likely than not that it will not be required to sell those investments until a recovery of fair value, which may be maturity, the Company does not consider those investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2014.
Private Label Residential Mortgage Backed Securities - At December 31, 2014, the Company had a total of 20 PLRMBS with a remaining principal balance of $3,079,000 and a gross and net unrealized gain of approximately $1,614,000. None of these securities had an unrealized loss at December 31, 2014. 10 of these PLRMBS with a remaining principal balance of $2,614,000 had credit ratings below investment grade. The Company continues to perform extensive analyses on these securities.
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The following table provides a roll forward for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 of investment securities credit losses recorded in earnings (in thousands). The beginning balance represents the credit loss component for which OTTI occurred on debt securities in prior periods. Additions represent the first time a debt security was credit impaired or when subsequent credit impairments have occurred on securities for which OTTI credit losses have been previously recognized.

|  | Years ended December 31,
|  | 2014 |  | 2013
Beginning balance of credit losses recognized |  | $ | 800 |  |  | 783 |
Amounts related to credit loss for which an OTTI charge was not previously recognized |  | — |  |  | 17 |
Change in value attributable to other factors |  | (53 | ) |  | — |
Ending balance of credit losses recognized |  | $ | 747 |  |  | $ | 800 |

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities at December 31, 2014 and 2013 by contractual maturity are shown in the two tables below (in thousands). Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because the issuers of the securities may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

|  | December 31, 2014
Available-for-Sale Securities |  | Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value
Within one year |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
After one year through five years |  | 2,904 |  |  | 3,167 |
After five years through ten years |  | 17,592 |  |  | 18,457 |
After ten years |  | 122,847 |  |  | 127,671 |
|  | 143,343 |  |  | 149,295 |
Investment securities not due at a single maturity date: |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government agencies |  | 33,088 |  |  | 33,090 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies collateralized by residential mortgage obligations |  | 236,629 |  |  | 237,872 |
Private label residential mortgage backed securities |  | 3,079 |  |  | 4,693 |
Other equity securities |  | 7,500 |  |  | 7,585 |
|  | $ | 423,639 |  |  | $ | 432,535 |

|  | December 31, 2014
Held-to-Maturity Securities |  | Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value
After ten years |  | 31,964 |  |  | 35,096 |

Investment securities with amortized costs totaling $96,490,000 and $98,701,000 and fair values totaling $100,747,000 and $99,209,000 were pledged as collateral for borrowing arrangements, public funds and for other purposes at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
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5. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
Outstanding loans are summarized as follows (in thousands):

Loan Type |  | December 31, 2014 |  | % of Total loans |  | December 31, 2013 |  | % of Total loans
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 89,007 |  |  | 15.5 | % |  | $ | 87,082 |  |  | 17.0 | %
Agricultural land and production |  | 39,140 |  |  | 6.8 | % |  | 31,649 |  |  | 6.1 | %
Total commercial |  | 128,147 |  |  | 22.3 | % |  | 118,731 |  |  | 23.1 | %
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | 176,804 |  |  | 30.9 | % |  | 156,781 |  |  | 30.6 | %
Real estate construction and other land loans |  | 38,923 |  |  | 6.8 | % |  | 42,329 |  |  | 8.3 | %
Commercial real estate |  | 106,788 |  |  | 18.7 | % |  | 86,117 |  |  | 16.8 | %
Agricultural real estate |  | 57,501 |  |  | 10.0 | % |  | 44,164 |  |  | 8.6 | %
Other real estate |  | 6,611 |  |  | 1.2 | % |  | 4,548 |  |  | 0.9 | %
Total real estate |  | 386,627 |  |  | 67.6 | % |  | 333,939 |  |  | 65.2 | %
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity loans and lines of credit |  | 47,575 |  |  | 8.3 | % |  | 48,594 |  |  | 9.5 | %
Consumer and installment |  | 10,093 |  |  | 1.8 | % |  | 11,252 |  |  | 2.2 | %
Total consumer |  | 57,668 |  |  | 10.1 | % |  | 59,846 |  |  | 11.7 | %
Net deferred origination costs (fees) |  | 146 |  |  |  |  | (159 | ) |  |
Total gross loans |  | 572,588 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 512,357 |  |  | 100.0 | %
Allowance for credit losses |  | (8,308 | ) |  |  |  |  | (9,208 | ) |  |  |
Total loans |  | $ | 564,280 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 503,149 |  |  |  |

The table above includes loans acquired at fair value on July 1, 2013 with outstanding balances of $77,882,000 and $99,948,000 as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
At December 31, 2014 and 2013, loans originated under Small Business Administration (SBA) programs totaling $8,782,000 and $7,345,000, respectively, were included in the real estate and commercial categories. Approximately $183,036,000 in loans were pledged under a blanket lien as collateral to the FHLB for the Bank’s remaining borrowing capacity of $290,851,000 as of December 31, 2014. FHLB advances are secured by investment securities with amortized costs totaling $1,256,000 and $3,985,000 and market values totaling $1,364,000 and $4,084,000 at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Bank’s credit limit varies according to the amount and composition of the investment and loan portfolios pledged as collateral.
Salaries and employee benefits totaling $1,657,000, $1,373,000, and $754,000 have been deferred as loan origination costs for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively.
Purchased Credit Impaired Loans
At December 31, 2013, the Company had loans that were acquired in an acquisition, for which there was, at acquisition, evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and for which it was probable, at acquisition, that all contractually required payments would not be collected. There were no such loans outstanding at December 31, 2014.
These purchased credit impaired (PCI) loans are recorded at the amount paid, such that there is no carryover of the seller’s allowance for loan losses. After acquisition, losses are recognized by an increase in the Company’s allowance for credit losses. The Company estimates the amount and timing of expected cash flows for each loan and the expected cash flows in excess of amount paid is recorded as interest income over the remaining life of the loan (accretable yield). The excess of the loan’s contractual principal and interest over expected cash flows is not recorded (nonaccretable difference). Over the life of the loan, expected cash flows continue to be estimated. If the present value of expected cash flows is less than the carrying amount, a loss is recorded. If the present value of expected cash flows is greater than the carrying amount, it is recognized as part of future interest income.
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The carrying amount of PCI loans is included in the balance sheet amounts of loans receivable at December 31, 2014 and 2013. The amounts of PCI loans at December 31, 2014 and 2013 are as follows (in thousands):

|  | December 31,
|  | 2014 |  | 2013
Real estate |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,465 |
Outstanding balance |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,465 |
Carrying amount, net of allowance of $0 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,465 |

Accretable yield, or income expected to be collected for the year ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 is as follows (in thousands):

|  | Years ended December 31,
|  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Balance at beginning of year |  | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
New loans acquired |  | — |  |  | 105 |  |  | — |
Accretion of income |  | (907 | ) |  | (124 | ) |  | — |
Reclassification from non-accretable difference |  | 813 |  |  | 113 |  |  | — |
Disposals |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance at end of year |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | — |

Loans acquired during each period or year for which it was probable at acquisition that all contractually required payments would not be collected are as follows (in thousands):

|  | December 31,
|  | 2014 |  | 2013
Contractually required payments receivable on PCI loans at acquisition: |  |  |  |
Real estate |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,912 |
Total |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,912 |
Cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,681 |
Fair value of acquired loans at acquisition |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,576 |

Certain of the loans acquired by the Company that are within the scope of Topic ASC 310-30 are not accounted for using the income recognition model of the Topic because the Company cannot reliably estimate cash flows expected to be collected. The carrying amounts of such loans (which are included in the carrying amount, net of allowance, described above) are as follows (in thousands):

|  | December 31,
|  | 2014 |  | 2013
Loans acquired during the year |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,324 |
Loans at the end of the year |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,324 |

The allowance for credit losses (the “allowance”) is a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses in the Company’s loan portfolio. The allowance is established through a provision for credit losses which is charged to expense. Additions to the allowance are expected to maintain the adequacy of the total allowance after credit losses and loan growth. Credit exposures determined to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance. Cash received on previously charged-off credits is recorded as a recovery to the allowance. The overall allowance consists of two primary components, specific reserves related to impaired loans and general reserves for probable incurred losses related to loans that are not impaired.
For all portfolio segments, the determination of the general reserve for loans that are not impaired is based on estimates made by management, including but not limited to, consideration of historical losses by portfolio segment (and in certain cases peer loss data) over the most recent 20 quarters, and qualitative factors including economic trends in the Company’s service areas, industry experience and trends, geographic concentrations, estimated collateral values, the
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Company’s underwriting policies, the character of the loan portfolio, and probable losses inherent in the portfolio taken as a whole.
Changes in the allowance for credit losses were as follows (in thousands):

|  | Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Balance, beginning of year |  | $ | 9,208 |  |  | $ | 10,133 |  |  | $ | 11,396 |
Provision charged to operations |  | 7,985 |  |  | — |  |  | 700 |
Losses charged to allowance |  | (9,834 | ) |  | (1,446 | ) |  | (2,850 | )
Recoveries |  | 949 |  |  | 521 |  |  | 887 |
Balance, end of year |  | $ | 8,308 |  |  | $ | 9,208 |  |  | $ | 10,133 |

The following table shows the summary of activities for the allowance for credit losses as of and for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 by portfolio segment (in thousands):

|  | Commercial |  | Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Unallocated |  | Total
Allowance for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance, January 1, 2014 |  | $ | 2,444 |  |  | $ | 5,174 |  |  | $ | 1,168 |  |  | $ | 422 |  |  | $ | 9,208 |
Provision charged to operations |  | 9,660 |  |  | (1,447 | ) |  | 152 |  |  | (380 | ) |  | 7,985 |
Losses charged to allowance |  | (9,145 | ) |  | (183 | ) |  | (506 | ) |  | — |  |  | (9,834 | )
Recoveries |  | 171 |  |  | 514 |  |  | 264 |  |  | — |  |  | 949 |
Ending balance, December 31, 2014 |  | $ | 3,130 |  |  | $ | 4,058 |  |  | $ | 1,078 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 8,308 |
Allowance for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance, January 1, 2013 |  | $ | 2,676 |  |  | $ | 5,877 |  |  | $ | 1,541 |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 10,133 |
Provision charged to operations |  | 166 |  |  | (434 | ) |  | (115 | ) |  | 383 |  |  | — |
Losses charged to allowance |  | (713 | ) |  | (285 | ) |  | (448 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,446 | )
Recoveries |  | 315 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 190 |  |  | — |  |  | 521 |
Ending balance, December 31, 2013 |  | $ | 2,444 |  |  | $ | 5,174 |  |  | $ | 1,168 |  |  | $ | 422 |  |  | $ | 9,208 |

The following is a summary of the allowance for credit losses by impairment methodology and portfolio segment as of December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 (in thousands):

|  | Commercial |  | Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Unallocated |  | Total
Allowance for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance, December 31, 2014 |  | $ | 3,130 |  |  | $ | 4,058 |  |  | $ | 1,078 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 8,308 |
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 230 |  |  | $ | 162 |  |  | $ | 220 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 612 |
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 2,900 |  |  | $ | 3,896 |  |  | $ | 858 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | $ | 7,696 |
Ending balance, December 31, 2013 |  | $ | 2,444 |  |  | $ | 5,174 |  |  | $ | 1,168 |  |  | $ | 422 |  |  | $ | 9,208 |
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 469 |  |  | $ | 465 |  |  | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,007 |
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 1,975 |  |  | $ | 4,709 |  |  | $ | 1,095 |  |  | $ | 422 |  |  | $ | 8,201 |

The table above excludes the recorded investment in loans acquired with deteriorated quality of $2,465,000 with no allowance at December 31, 2013. There are no such loans at December 31, 2014.
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The following table shows the ending balances of loans as of December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 by portfolio segment and by impairment methodology (in thousands):

|  | Commercial |  | Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Total
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance, December 31, 2014 |  | $ | 128,147 |  |  | $ | 386,627 |  |  | $ | 57,668 |  |  | $ | 572,442 |
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 7,268 |  |  | $ | 8,512 |  |  | $ | 3,046 |  |  | $ | 18,826 |
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 120,879 |  |  | $ | 378,115 |  |  | $ | 54,622 |  |  | $ | 553,616 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance, December 31, 2013 |  | $ | 118,731 |  |  | $ | 333,939 |  |  | $ | 59,846 |  |  | $ | 512,516 |
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 1,527 |  |  | $ | 9,540 |  |  | $ | 2,290 |  |  | $ | 13,357 |
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 117,204 |  |  | $ | 324,399 |  |  | $ | 57,556 |  |  | $ | 499,159 |

The following table shows the loan portfolio by class allocated by management’s internal risk ratings at December 31, 2014 (in thousands):

|  | Pass |  | Special Mention |  | Substandard |  | Doubtful |  | Total
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 78,333 |  |  | $ | 2,345 |  |  | $ | 8,329 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 89,007 |
Agricultural land and production |  | 39,140 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 39,140 |
Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | 170,568 |  |  | 2,778 |  |  | 3,458 |  |  | — |  |  | 176,804 |
Real estate construction and other land loans |  | 32,114 |  |  | 1,130 |  |  | 5,679 |  |  | — |  |  | 38,923 |
Commercial real estate |  | 95,831 |  |  | 215 |  |  | 10,742 |  |  | — |  |  | 106,788 |
Agricultural real estate |  | 55,018 |  |  | 2,123 |  |  | 360 |  |  | — |  |  | 57,501 |
Other real estate |  | 6,611 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,611 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity loans and lines of credit |  | 42,334 |  |  | 72 |  |  | 5,169 |  |  | — |  |  | 47,575 |
Consumer and installment |  | 10,072 |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,093 |
Total |  | $ | 530,021 |  |  | $ | 8,663 |  |  | $ | 33,758 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 572,442 |

The following table shows the loan portfolio by class allocated by management’s internally assigned risk grade ratings at December 31, 2013 (in thousands):

|  | Pass |  | Special Mention |  | Substandard |  | Doubtful |  | Total
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 81,732 |  |  | $ | 2,244 |  |  | $ | 3,106 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 87,082 |
Agricultural land and production |  | 31,649 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31,649 |
Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | 144,082 |  |  | 5,229 |  |  | 7,470 |  |  | — |  |  | 156,781 |
Real estate construction and other land loans |  | 31,776 |  |  | 3,959 |  |  | 6,594 |  |  | — |  |  | 42,329 |
Commercial real estate |  | 77,589 |  |  | 3,718 |  |  | 4,810 |  |  | — |  |  | 86,117 |
Agricultural real estate |  | 42,151 |  |  | 2,013 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44,164 |
Other real estate |  | 4,548 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,548 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity loans and lines of credit |  | 41,999 |  |  | 2,400 |  |  | 4,195 |  |  | — |  |  | 48,594 |
Consumer and installment |  | 10,946 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 260 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,252 |
Total |  | $ | 466,472 |  |  | $ | 19,609 |  |  | $ | 26,435 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 512,516 |

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The following table shows an aging analysis of the loan portfolio by class and the time past due at December 31, 2014 (in thousands):

|  | 30-59 Days Past Due |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  | Greater Than 90 Days Past Due |  | Total Past Due |  | Current |  | Total Loans |  | Recorded Investment > 90 Days Accruing |  | Non-accrual
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 172 |  |  | $ | 88 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 260 |  |  | $ | 88,747 |  |  | $ | 89,007 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,265 |
Agricultural land and production |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 39,140 |  |  | 39,140 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate: |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | 164 |  |  | — |  |  | 249 |  |  | 413 |  |  | 176,391 |  |  | 176,804 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,363 |
Real estate construction and other land loans |  | 547 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 547 |  |  | 38,376 |  |  | 38,923 |  |  | — |  |  | 547 |
Commercial real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 106,788 |  |  | 106,788 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,468 |
Agricultural real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 57,501 |  |  | 57,501 |  |  | — |  |  | 360 |
Other real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,611 |  |  | 6,611 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity loans and lines of credit |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 227 |  |  | 227 |  |  | 47,348 |  |  | 47,575 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,030 |
Consumer and installment |  | 30 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |  |  | 10,063 |  |  | 10,093 |  |  | — |  |  | 19 |
Total |  | $ | 913 |  |  | $ | 88 |  |  | $ | 476 |  |  | $ | 1,477 |  |  | $ | 570,965 |  |  | $ | 572,442 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,052 |

The following table shows an aging analysis of the loan portfolio by class and the time past due at December 31, 2013 (in thousands):

|  | 30-59 Days Past Due |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  | Greater Than 90 Days Past Due |  | Total Past Due |  | Current |  | Total Loans |  | Recorded Investment > 90 Days Accruing |  | Non- accrual
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 274 |  |  | $ | 236 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 510 |  |  | $ | 86,572 |  |  | $ | 87,082 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,527 |
Agricultural land and production |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31,649 |  |  | 31,649 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate: |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | 1,272 |  |  | 134 |  |  | 418 |  |  | 1,824 |  |  | 154,957 |  |  | 156,781 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,161 |
Real estate construction and other land loans |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 42,329 |  |  | 42,329 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,450 |
Commercial real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 86,117 |  |  | 86,117 |  |  | — |  |  | 158 |
Agricultural real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44,164 |  |  | 44,164 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,548 |  |  | 4,548 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity loans and lines of credit |  | 10 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 252 |  |  | 409 |  |  | 48,185 |  |  | 48,594 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,286 |
Consumer and installment |  | 86 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 86 |  |  | 11,166 |  |  | 11,252 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Total |  | $ | 1,642 |  |  | $ | 517 |  |  | $ | 670 |  |  | $ | 2,829 |  |  | $ | 509,687 |  |  | $ | 512,516 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,586 |

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The following table shows information related to impaired loans by class at December 31, 2014 (in thousands):

|  | Recorded Investment |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Related Allowance
With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 6,440 |  |  | $ | 9,991 |  |  | $ | — |
Agricultural land and production |  | — |  |  | 1,722 |  |  | — |
Total commercial |  | 6,440 |  |  | 11,713 |  |  | — |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | 1,188 |  |  | 1,255 |  |  | — |
Real estate construction and other land loans |  | 547 |  |  | 799 |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate |  | 1,794 |  |  | 1,794 |  |  | — |
Agricultural real estate |  | 360 |  |  | 360 |  |  | — |
Other real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total real estate |  | 3,889 |  |  | 4,208 |  |  | — |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity loans and lines of credit |  | 2,019 |  |  | 2,707 |  |  | — |
Consumer and installment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total consumer |  | 2,019 |  |  | 2,707 |  |  | — |
Total with no related allowance recorded |  | 12,348 |  |  | 18,628 |  |  | — |
With an allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | 828 |  |  | 835 |  |  | 230 |
Agricultural land and production |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total commercial |  | 828 |  |  | 835 |  |  | 230 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | 199 |  |  | 219 |  |  | 30 |
Real estate construction and other land loans |  | 3,542 |  |  | 3,542 |  |  | 72 |
Commercial real estate |  | 882 |  |  | 1,022 |  |  | 60 |
Agricultural real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total real estate |  | 4,623 |  |  | 4,783 |  |  | 162 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity loans and lines of credit |  | 1,008 |  |  | 1,026 |  |  | 217 |
Consumer and installment |  | 19 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 3 |
Total consumer |  | 1,027 |  |  | 1,047 |  |  | 220 |
Total with an allowance recorded |  | 6,478 |  |  | 6,665 |  |  | 612 |
Total |  | $ | 18,826 |  |  | $ | 25,293 |  |  | $ | 612 |

The recorded investment in loans excludes accrued interest receivable and net loan origination fees, due to immateriality.
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The following table shows information related to impaired loans by class at December 31, 2013 (in thousands):

|  | Recorded Investment |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Related Allowance
With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 350 |  |  | $ | 385 |  |  | $ | — |
Agricultural land and production |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total commercial |  | 350 |  |  | 385 |  |  | — |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | 3,160 |  |  | 4,159 |  |  | — |
Real estate construction and other land loans |  | 1,449 |  |  | 2,136 |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate |  | 502 |  |  | 891 |  |  | — |
Agricultural real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total real estate |  | 5,111 |  |  | 7,186 |  |  | — |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity loans and lines of credit |  | 2,029 |  |  | 2,826 |  |  | — |
Consumer and installment |  | 4 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |
Total consumer |  | 2,033 |  |  | 2,831 |  |  | — |
Total with no related allowance recorded |  | 7,494 |  |  | 10,402 |  |  | — |
With an allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | 1,177 |  |  | 1,222 |  |  | 469 |
Agricultural land and production |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total commercial |  | 1,177 |  |  | 1,222 |  |  | 469 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | 385 |  |  | 425 |  |  | 3 |
Real estate construction and other land loans |  | 4,044 |  |  | 4,044 |  |  | 462 |
Commercial real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Agricultural real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other real estate |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total real estate |  | 4,429 |  |  | 4,469 |  |  | 465 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity loans and lines of credit |  | 257 |  |  | 264 |  |  | 73 |
Consumer and installment |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total consumer |  | 257 |  |  | 264 |  |  | 73 |
Total with an allowance recorded |  | 5,863 |  |  | 5,955 |  |  | 1,007 |
Total |  | $ | 13,357 |  |  | $ | 16,357 |  |  | $ | 1,007 |

The recorded investment in loans excludes accrued interest receivable and net loan origination fees, due to immateriality.
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The following presents by class, information related to the average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 (in thousands):

|  | Year Ended December 31, 2014 |  | Year Ended December 31, 2013 |  | Year Ended December 31, 2012
|  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 638 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 329 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 952 |  |  | $ | — |
Total commercial |  | 638 |  |  | — |  |  | 329 |  |  | — |  |  | 952 |  |  | — |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | 2,063 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 2,321 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,053 |  |  | — |
Real estate construction and other land loans |  | 1,276 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 2,342 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,933 |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate |  | 574 |  |  | — |  |  | 279 |  |  | — |  |  | 301 |  |  | — |
Agricultural real estate |  | 28 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total real estate |  | 3,941 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 4,942 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,287 |  |  | — |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity loans and lines of credit |  | 1,826 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,998 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,561 |  |  | — |
Consumer and installment |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |
Total consumer |  | 1,834 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,007 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,567 |  |  | — |
Total with no related allowance recorded |  | 6,413 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 7,278 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,806 |  |  | — |
|  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
With an allowance recorded: |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial: |  | 1,624,000 |  |  | 178,000 |  |  | 721,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 721,000 |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial |  | 423 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,309 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 1,581 |  |  | 226 |
Total commercial |  | 423 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,309 |  |  | 111 |  |  | 1,581 |  |  | 226 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Owner occupied |  | 264 |  |  | — |  |  | 997 |  |  | 86 |  |  | 633 |  |  | — |
Real estate construction and other land loans |  | 3,782 |  |  | 267 |  |  | 4,295 |  |  | 329 |  |  | 6,490 |  |  | 375 |
Commercial real estate |  | 214 |  |  | 55 |  |  | — |  |  | 47 |  |  | 145 |  |  | — |
Total real estate |  | 4,260 |  |  | 322 |  |  | 5,292 |  |  | 462 |  |  | 7,268 |  |  | 375 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity loans and lines of credit |  | 303 |  |  | — |  |  | 489 |  |  | — |  |  | 600 |  |  | — |
Consumer and installment |  | 27 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |
Total consumer |  | 330 |  |  | — |  |  | 489 |  |  | — |  |  | 637 |  |  | — |
Total with an allowance recorded |  | 5,013 |  |  | 322 |  |  | 7,090 |  |  | 573 |  |  | 9,486 |  |  | 601 |
Total |  | $ | 11,426 |  |  | $ | 348 |  |  | $ | 14,368 |  |  | $ | 573 |  |  | $ | 18,292 |  |  | $ | 601 |

Foregone interest on nonaccrual loans totaled $716,000, $661,000, and $693,000 for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively. Interest income recognized on cash basis during the years presented above was not considered significant for financial reporting purposes.
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Troubled Debt Restructurings:
As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company has a recorded investment in troubled debt restructurings of $6,600,000 and, $10,366,000, respectively. The Company has allocated $132,000 and $946,000 of specific reserves for those loans at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Company has committed to lend no additional amounts as of December 31, 2014 to customers with outstanding loans that are classified as troubled debt restructurings.
For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 the terms of certain loans were modified as troubled debt restructurings. The modification of the terms of such loans included one or a combination of the following: a reduction of the stated interest rate of the loan or an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk. During the same periods, there were no troubled debt restructurings in which the amount of principal or accrued interest owed from the borrower were forgiven.
The following table presents loans by class modified as troubled debt restructurings that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2014 (in thousands):

Troubled Debt Restructurings: |  | Number of Loans |  | Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment (1) |  | Principal Modification |  | Post Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment (2) |  | Outstanding Recorded Investment
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 25 |
Consumer: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity loans and line of credit |  | 1 |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 4 |
Total |  | 2 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 29 |

(1) | Amounts represent the recorded investment in loans before recognizing effects of the TDR, if any.

(2) | Balance outstanding after principal modification, if any borrower reduction to recorded investment.

The following table presents loans by class modified as troubled debt restructurings that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2013 (in thousands):

Troubled Debt Restructurings: |  | Number of Loans |  | Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment (1) |  | Principal Modification |  | Post Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment (2) |  | Outstanding Recorded Investment
Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 620 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 620 |  |  | $ | 344 |

(1) | Amounts represent the recorded investment in loans before recognizing effects of the TDR, if any.

(2) | Balance outstanding after principal modification, if any borrower reduction to recorded investment.

A loan is considered to be in payment default once it is 90 days contractually past due under the modified terms. There was no defaults on troubled debt restructurings within twelve months following the modification during the year ended December 31, 2014. There was no default on troubled debt restructurings within twelve months following the modification during the year ended December 31, 2013.

6. | BANK PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT

Bank premises and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | December 31,
|  | 2014 |  | 2013
Land |  | $ | 1,131 |  |  | $ | 1,131 |
Buildings and improvements |  | 6,545 |  |  | 6,982 |
Furniture, fixtures and equipment |  | 9,943 |  |  | 8,875 |
Leasehold improvements |  | 4,055 |  |  | 4,091 |
|  | 21,674 |  |  | 21,079 |
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization |  | (11,725 | ) |  | (10,538 | )
|  | $ | 9,949 |  |  | $ | 10,541 |

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Depreciation and amortization included in occupancy and equipment expense totaled $1,355,000, $1,133,000 and $972,000 for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively.

7. | OTHER REAL ESTATE OWNED

The Company had no other real estate owned (OREO) at December 31, 2014 as compared to $190,000 at December 31, 2013. The table below provides a summary of the change in other real estate owned (OREO) balances for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 (in thousands):

|  | December 31,
|  | 2014 |  | 2013
Balance, beginning of year |  | $ | 190 |  |  | $ | — |
Additions |  | 235 |  |  | 453 |
Dispositions |  | (488 | ) |  | (263 | )
Write-downs |  | — |  |  | — |
Net gain on dispositions |  | 63 |  |  | — |
Balance, end of year |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 190 |

As of December 31, 2014 the Bank had no OREO properties. In 2014, the Bank foreclosed on one property collateralized by real estate. Proceeds from OREO sales totaled $488,000 during 2014. The Company realized $63,000 in net gains from the sale of all properties.
As of December 31, 2013 the Bank had $190,000 OREO properties. In 2013, the Bank foreclosed on one property collateralized by real estate. During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Bank acquired two properties through the Visalia Community Bank acquisition which were subsequently sold by year end 2013.
8. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The change in goodwill during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 is as follows (in thousands):

| 2014 |  |  | 2013 |  |  | 2012 |
Beginning of year | $ | 29,917 |  |  | $ | 23,577 |  |  | $ | 23,577 |
Acquired goodwill | — |  |  | 6,340 |  |  | — |
Impairment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
End of year | $ | 29,917 |  |  | $ | 29,917 |  |  | $ | 23,577 |

Business combinations involving the Company’s acquisition of the equity interests or net assets of another enterprise give rise to goodwill. Total goodwill at December 31, 2014 and 2013 was $29,917,000. Total goodwill at December 31, 2014 consisted of $6,340,000, $14,643,000 and $8,934,000 representing the excess of the cost of Visalia Community Bank, Service 1 st Bancorp and Bank of Madera County, respectively, over the net of the amounts assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the transactions accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. The value of goodwill is ultimately derived from the Company’s ability to generate net earnings after the acquisitions and is not deductible for tax purposes. A decline in net earnings could be indicative of a decline in the fair value of goodwill and result in impairment. For that reason, goodwill is assessed at least annually for impairment.
The Company has selected September 30 as the date to perform the annual impairment test. Management assessed qualitative factors including performance trends and noted no factors indicating goodwill impairment.
Goodwill is also tested for impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the Company below its carrying amount. No such events or circumstances arose during the fourth quarter of 2014, so goodwill was not required to be retested.
The intangible assets at December 31, 2014 represent the estimated fair value of the core deposit relationships acquired in the acquisition of Service 1 st Bank in 2008 of $1,400,000 and the 2013 acquisition of Visalia Community Bank of $1,365,000. Core deposit intangibles are being amortized using the straight-line method over an estimated life of seven to ten years from the date of acquisition. At December 31, 2014, the weighted average remaining amortization period is five years. The carrying value of intangible assets at December 31, 2014 was $1,344,000, net of $1,421,000 in accumulated amortization expense. The carrying value at December 31, 2013 was $1,680,000, net of $1,085,000 in accumulated amortization expense.
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Management evaluates the remaining useful lives quarterly to determine whether events or circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining periods of amortization. Based on the evaluation, no changes to the remaining useful lives was required. Management performed an annual impairment test on core deposit intangibles as of September 30, 2014 and determined no impairment was necessary. Amortization expense recognized was $337,000 for 2014, $268,000 for 2013, and $200,000 for 2012.
The following table summarizes the Company’s estimated core deposit intangible amortization expense for each of the next five years (in thousands):

Years Ending December 31, |  | Estimated Core Deposit Intangible Amortization
2015 |  | $ | 320 |
2016 |  | 137 |
2017 |  | 137 |
2018 |  | 137 |
2019 |  | 137 |
Thereafter |  | 476 |
Total |  | $ | 1,344 |

9. | DEPOSITS

Interest-bearing deposits consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | December 31,
|  | 2014 |  | 2013
Savings |  | $ | 71,381 |  |  | $ | 61,918 |
Money market |  | 228,268 |  |  | 234,515 |
NOW accounts |  | 209,781 |  |  | 182,364 |
Time, $250,000 or more |  | 45,792 |  |  | 52,598 |
Time, under $250,000 |  | 107,528 |  |  | 116,356 |
|  | $ | 662,750 |  |  | $ | 647,751 |

Aggregate annual maturities of time deposits are as follows (in thousands):

Years Ending December 31, |  |
2015 |  | $ | 125,999 |
2016 |  | 8,586 |
2017 |  | 12,265 |
2018 |  | 4,352 |
2019 |  | 1,760 |
Thereafter |  | 358 |
|  | $ | 153,320 |

Interest expense recognized on interest-bearing deposits consisted of the following (in thousands):
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|  | Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Savings |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 32 |
Money market |  | 174 |  |  | 229 |  |  | 392 |
NOW accounts |  | 209 |  |  | 251 |  |  | 270 |
Time certificates of deposit |  | 645 |  |  | 750 |  |  | 936 |
|  | $ | 1,060 |  |  | $ | 1,270 |  |  | $ | 1,630 |

10. | BORROWING ARRANGEMENTS

Federal Home Loan Bank Advances - As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company had no Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) of San Francisco advances.
Approximately $183,036,000 in loans were pledged under a blanket lien as collateral to the FHLB for the Bank’s remaining borrowing capacity of $290,851,000 as of December 31, 2014. FHLB advances are also secured by investment securities with amortized costs totaling $1,256,000 and $3,985,000 and market values totaling $1,364,000 and $4,084,000 at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Bank’s credit limit varies according to the amount and composition of the investment and loan portfolios pledged as collateral.
As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company had no Federal funds purchased.
Lines of Credit - The Bank had unsecured lines of credit with its correspondent banks which, in the aggregate, amounted to $40,000,000 at December 31, 2014 and $40,000,000 at December 31, 2013, at interest rates which vary with market conditions. The Bank also had a line of credit in the amount of $2,441,000 and $51,000 with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively which bears interest at the prevailing discount rate collateralized by investment securities with amortized costs totaling $2,729,000 and $48,000 and market values totaling $2,757,000 and $52,000, respectively. At December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Bank had no outstanding short-term borrowings under these lines of credit.

11. | JUNIOR SUBORDINATED DEFERRABLE INTEREST DEBENTURES

Service 1 st Capital Trust I is a Delaware business trust formed by Service 1 st. The Company succeeded to all of the rights and obligations of Service 1 st in connection with the merger with Service 1 st as of November 12, 2008. The Trust was formed on August 17, 2006 for the sole purpose of issuing trust preferred securities fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Service 1 st. Under applicable regulatory guidance, the amount of trust preferred securities that is eligible as Tier 1 capital is limited to 25% of the Company’s Tier 1 capital on a pro forma basis. At December 31, 2014, all of the trust preferred securities that have been issued qualify as Tier 1 capital. The trust preferred securities mature on October 7, 2036, are redeemable at the Company’s option, and require quarterly distributions by the Trust to the holder of the trust preferred securities at a variable interest rate which will adjust quarterly to equal the three month LIBOR plus 1.60%.
The Trust used the proceeds from the sale of the trust preferred securities to purchase approximately $5,155,000 in aggregate principal amount of Service 1 st’s junior subordinated notes (the Notes). The Notes bear interest at the same variable interest rate during the same quarterly periods as the trust preferred securities. The Notes are redeemable by the Company on any January 7, April 7, July 7, or October 7 or at any time within 90 days following the occurrence of certain events, such as: (i) a change in the regulatory capital treatment of the Notes (ii) in the event the Trust is deemed an investment company or (iii) upon the occurrence of certain adverse tax events. In each such case, the Company may redeem the Notes for their aggregate principal amount, plus any accrued but unpaid interest.
The Notes may be declared immediately due and payable at the election of the trustee or holders of 25% of the aggregate principal amount of outstanding Notes in the event that the Company defaults in the payment of any interest following the nonpayment of any such interest for 20 or more consecutive quarterly periods.
Holders of the trust preferred securities are entitled to a cumulative cash distribution on the liquidation amount of $1,000 per security. For each January 7, April 7, July 7 or October 7 of each year, the rate will be adjusted to equal the three month LIBOR plus 1.60%. As of December 31, 2014, the rate was 1.83%. Interest expense recognized by the Company for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 was $96,000, $98,000 and $107,000, respectively.
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12. | INCOME TAXES

The provision for (benefit from) income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | Federal |  | State |  | Total
2014 |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  | $ | (125 | ) |  | $ | (37 | ) |  | $ | (162 | )
Deferred |  | (397 | ) |  | (11 | ) |  | (408 | )
Benefit from income taxes |  | $ | (522 | ) |  | $ | (48 | ) |  | $ | (570 | )
2013 |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  | $ | 2,217 |  |  | $ | (445 | ) |  | $ | 1,772 |
Deferred |  | (645 | ) |  | 220 |  |  | (425 | )
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes |  | $ | 1,572 |  |  | $ | (225 | ) |  | $ | 1,347 |
2012 |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  | $ | 1,196 |  |  | $ | 49 |  |  | $ | 1,245 |
Deferred |  | 249 |  |  | 191 |  |  | 440 |
Provision for income taxes |  | $ | 1,445 |  |  | $ | 240 |  |  | $ | 1,685 |

The determination of the amount of deferred income tax assets which are more likely than not to be realized is primarily dependent on projections of future earnings, which are subject to uncertainty and estimates that may change given economic conditions and other factors. The realization of deferred income tax assets is assessed and a valuation allowance is recorded if it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. More likely than not is defined as greater than a 50% chance. All available evidence, both positive and negative is considered to determine whether, based on the weight of the evidence, a valuation allowance is needed. Based on management’s analysis as of December 31, 2014 and 2013, the Company established a deferred tax valuation allowance in the amount of $20,000 and $108,000, respectively, for California capital loss carryforwards.
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Deferred tax assets (liabilities) consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | December 31,
|  | 2014 |  | 2013
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for credit losses |  | $ | 3,188 |  |  | $ | 3,492 |
Deferred compensation |  | 4,979 |  |  | 5,102 |
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale investment securities |  | — |  |  | 1,598 |
Net operating loss carryovers |  | 698 |  |  | 206 |
Bank premises and equipment |  | 186 |  |  | 264 |
Mark to market adjustment |  | 98 |  |  | 154 |
Other deferred |  | 511 |  |  | 601 |
Other than temporary impairment |  | 267 |  |  | 289 |
Loan and investment impairment |  | 887 |  |  | 1,914 |
State Enterprise Zone credit carry-forward |  | 1,444 |  |  | 981 |
State capital loss carry-forward |  | 20 |  |  | 108 |
Alternative minimum tax credit |  | 3,338 |  |  | 2,238 |
Partnership income |  | 70 |  |  | 70 |
State taxes |  | 1 |  |  | 32 |
Other |  | — |  |  | — |
Total deferred tax assets |  | 15,687 |  |  | 17,049 |
Valuation allowance |  | (20 | ) |  | (108 | )
Net deferred tax asset after valuation allowance |  | 15,667 |  |  | 16,941 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance leases |  | (1,871 | ) |  | (1,963 | )
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale investment securities |  | (3,661 | ) |  | — |
Core deposit intangible |  | (553 | ) |  | (692 | )
FHLB stock |  | (319 | ) |  | (319 | )
Loan origination costs |  | (553 | ) |  | (406 | )
Total deferred tax liabilities |  | (6,957 | ) |  | (3,380 | )
Net deferred tax assets |  | $ | 8,710 |  |  | $ | 13,561 |

The provision for income taxes differs from amounts computed by applying the statutory Federal income tax rates to operating income before income taxes. The significant items comprising these differences for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 consisted of the following:

| 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Federal income tax, at statutory rate | 34.0 | % |  | 34.0 | % |  | 34.0 | %
State taxes, net of Federal tax benefit | (0.7 | )% |  | 0.4 | % |  | 2.8 | %
Tax exempt investment security income, net | (42.2 | )% |  | (20.5 | )% |  | (16.7 | )%
Bank owned life insurance, net | (3.9 | )% |  | (1.8 | )% |  | (1.4 | )%
Solar credits | (2.4 | )% |  | (1.4 | )% |  | (1.4 | )%
Change in uncertain tax positions | — | % |  | (1.4 | )% |  | 0.5 | %
Change in prior year estimates | 0.1 | % |  | 1.4 | % |  | — | %
Other | 3.1 | % |  | 3.4 | % |  | 0.5 | %
Effective tax rate | (12.0 | )% |  | 14.1 | % |  | 18.3 | %

At December 31, 2014, the Company had Federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carry-forwards of approximately $1,694,000. The Federal NOL will begin to expire in 2034. At December 31, 2014, the Company had a Federal Alternative Minimum Tax credit of approximately $3,338,000 which does not expire, and a California NOL of $1,712,000, from prior business combinations that is subject to Internal Revenue Code (IRC) Sec. 382 annual limitations. The California NOL will
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begin to expire in 2029. The Company had Enterprise Zone Credits of approximately $2,188,000 which begin expiring in 2023. In addition, the Company had a California capital loss carry-forward of $282,000 which will expire at the end of 2015. Management expects to fully utilize the value of all carry-forward amounts with the exception of the California capital loss. Management has established a valuation allowance for this carry-forward as of December 31, 2014.
The Company and its Subsidiary file income tax returns in the U.S. federal and California jurisdictions. The Company conducts all of its business activities in the State of California. At December 31, 2014, the Company had one state income tax examination in process by the California Franchise Tax Board for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2012. The outcome of the examination is not settled. There are no pending U.S. federal or local income tax examinations by those taxing authorities. The Company is no longer subject to the examination by U.S. federal taxing authorities for the years ended before December 31, 2011 and by the state and local taxing authorities for the years ended before December 31, 2010.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands):

| December 31,
| 2014 |  | 2013
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | 316 |
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year | — |  |  | 55 |
Reductions for tax positions of prior years | — |  |  | (191 | )
Balance, end of year | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | 180 |

This represents the amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would favorably affect the effective income tax rate in future periods. The Company does not expect the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits to significantly increase or decrease in the next twelve months.
During the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, the Company did not recognize any interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions.

13. | COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Leases - The Bank leases certain of its branch facilities and administrative offices under noncancelable operating leases. Rental expense included in occupancy and equipment and other expenses totaled $2,391,000, $2,123,000 and $1,947,000 for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively.
Future minimum lease payments on noncancelable operating leases are as follows (in thousands):

Years Ending December 31, |
2015 | $ | 2,507 |
2016 | 1,836 |
2017 | 1,589 |
2018 | 1,395 |
2019 | 1,003 |
Thereafter | 2,923 |
| $ | 11,253 |

Federal Reserve Requirements - Banks are required to maintain reserves with the Federal Reserve Bank equal to a percentage of their reservable deposits. The Bank had no reserve balances required at December 31, 2014.
Correspondent Banking Agreements - The Bank maintains funds on deposit with other federally insured financial institutions under correspondent banking agreements. Uninsured deposits totaled $20,926,000 at December 31, 2014.
Financial Instruments With Off-Balance-Sheet Risk - The Bank is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business in order to meet the financing needs of its customers and to reduce its own exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. These financial instruments consist of commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized on the balance sheet.
The Bank’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Bank uses the same credit policies in making commitments and standby letters of credit as it does for loans included on the balance sheet.
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The following financial instruments represent off-balance-sheet credit risk (in thousands):

|  | December 31,
|  | 2014 |  | 2013
Commitments to extend credit |  | $ | 212,501 |  |  | $ | 191,072 |
Standby letters of credit |  | $ | 1,630 |  |  | $ | 1,595 |

Commitments to extend credit consist primarily of unfunded commercial loan commitments and revolving lines of credit, single-family residential equity lines of credit and commercial real estate construction loans. Construction loans are established under standard underwriting guidelines and policies and are secured by deeds of trust, with disbursements made over the course of construction. Commercial revolving lines of credit have a high degree of industry diversification. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Standby letters of credit are generally secured and are issued by the Bank to guarantee the financial obligation or performance of a customer to a third party. The credit risk involved in issuing standby letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers. The fair value of the liability related to these standby letters of credit, which represents the fees received for issuing the guarantees, was not significant at December 31, 2014 and 2013. The Company recognizes these fees as revenue over the term of the commitment or when the commitment is used.
At December 31, 2014, commercial loan commitments represent 62% of total commitments and are generally secured by collateral other than real estate or unsecured. Real estate loan commitments represent 27% of total commitments and are generally secured by property with a loan-to-value ratio not to exceed 80%. Consumer loan commitments represent the remaining 11% of total commitments and are generally unsecured. In addition, the majority of the Bank’s loan commitments have variable interest rates.
At December 31, 2014 and 2013, the balance of a contingent allocation for probable loan loss experience on unfunded obligations was $165,000 and $141,000, respectively. The contingent allocation for probable loan loss experience on unfunded obligations is calculated by management using an appropriate, systematic, and consistently applied process. While related to credit losses, this allocation is not a part of the ALLL and is considered separately as a liability for accounting and regulatory reporting purposes.
Concentrations of Credit Risk - At December 31, 2014, in management’s judgment, a concentration of loans existed in commercial loans and real-estate-related loans, representing approximately 98.2% of total loans of which 22.3% were commercial and 75.9% were real-estate-related.
At December 31, 2013, in management’s judgment, a concentration of loans existed in commercial loans and real-estate-related loans, representing approximately 97.8% of total loans of which 23.1% were commercial and 74.7% were real-estate-related.
Management believes the loans within these concentrations have no more than the typical risks of collectability. However, in light of the current economic environment, additional declines in the performance of the economy in general, or a continued decline in real estate values or drought-related decline in agricultural business in the Company’s primary market area could have an adverse impact on collectability, increase the level of real-estate-related nonperforming loans, or have other adverse effects which alone or in the aggregate could have a material adverse effect on the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Company.
Contingencies - The Company is subject to legal proceedings and claims which arise in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the amount of ultimate liability with respect to such actions will not materially affect the consolidated financial position or consolidated results of operations of the Company.

14. | SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Regulatory Capital - The Company and the Bank are subject to certain regulatory capital requirements administered by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the FDIC. Failure to meet these minimum capital requirements could result in mandatory or, discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
The Company and the Bank each meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their respective assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. These quantitative measures are established by regulation and require that the Company and the Bank maintain minimum amounts and ratios of total and Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets and of Tier 1 capital to average assets. Capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.
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The Bank is also subject to additional capital guidelines under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, the Bank must maintain minimum total risk-based, Tier 1 risk-based and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the following table. The most recent notification from the FDIC categorized the Bank as well capitalized under these guidelines. Management knows of no conditions or events since that notification that would change the Bank’s category.
Management considers capital requirements as part of its strategic planning process. The strategic plan calls for continuing increases in assets and liabilities, and if the capital required to support such increases is in excess of retained earnings, the Company may be required to go to the capital markets. The ability to obtain capital is dependent upon the capital markets as well as our performance. Management regularly evaluates sources of capital to meet its strategic objectives. The assessment of capital adequacy is dependent on several factors including asset quality, earnings trends, liquidity and economic conditions. Maintenance of adequate capital levels is integral to providing stability to the Company. The Company needs to maintain substantial levels of regulatory capital to give it maximum flexibility in the changing regulatory environment and to respond to changes in the market and economic conditions including acquisition opportunities.
Management believes that the Company and the Bank met all their capital adequacy requirements as of December 31, 2014 and 2013. There are no conditions or events since those notifications that management believes have changed those categories.

|  | December 31, 2014 |  | December 31, 2013
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Central Valley Community Bancorp and Subsidiary |  | $ | 95,936 |  |  | 8.36 | % |  | $ | 88,320 |  |  | 8.14 | %
Minimum regulatory requirement |  | $ | 45,894 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | $ | 43,394 |  |  | 4.00 | %
Central Valley Community Bank |  | $ | 95,298 |  |  | 8.31 | % |  | $ | 87,674 |  |  | 8.09 | %
Minimum requirement for “Well-Capitalized” institution |  | $ | 57,341 |  |  | 5.00 | % |  | $ | 54,218 |  |  | 5.00 | %
Minimum regulatory requirement |  | $ | 45,873 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | $ | 43,375 |  |  | 4.00 | %
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Central Valley Community Bancorp and Subsidiary |  | $ | 95,936 |  |  | 13.67 | % |  | $ | 88,320 |  |  | 13.88 | %
Minimum regulatory requirement |  | $ | 28,075 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | $ | 25,454 |  |  | 4.00 | %
Central Valley Community Bank |  | $ | 95,298 |  |  | 13.59 | % |  | $ | 87,674 |  |  | 13.79 | %
Minimum requirement for “Well-Capitalized” institution |  | $ | 42,080 |  |  | 6.00 | % |  | $ | 38,151 |  |  | 6.00 | %
Minimum regulatory requirement |  | $ | 28,053 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | $ | 25,434 |  |  | 4.00 | %
Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Central Valley Community Bancorp and Subsidiary |  | $ | 104,447 |  |  | 14.88 | % |  | $ | 96,292 |  |  | 15.13 | %
Minimum regulatory requirement |  | $ | 56,150 |  |  | 8.00 | % |  | $ | 50,908 |  |  | 8.00 | %
Central Valley Community Bank |  | $ | 103,809 |  |  | 14.80 | % |  | $ | 95,639 |  |  | 15.04 | %
Minimum requirement for “Well-Capitalized” institution |  | $ | 70,133 |  |  | 10.00 | % |  | $ | 63,585 |  |  | 10.00 | %
Minimum regulatory requirement |  | $ | 56,106 |  |  | 8.00 | % |  | $ | 50,868 |  |  | 8.00 | %

Dividends - During 2014, the Bank declared and paid cash dividends to the Company in the amount of $2,350,000 in connection with cash dividends to the Company’s shareholders approved by the Company’s Board of Directors. The Bank may not pay any dividend that would cause it to be deemed not “well capitalized” under applicable banking laws and regulations. The Company declared and paid a total of $2,190,000 or $0.20 per common share cash dividend to shareholders of record during the year ended December 31, 2014.
During 2013, the Bank declared and paid cash dividends to the Company in the amount of $18,000,000, connection with the VCB acquisition, the Series C Preferred redemption, and cash dividends to the Company’s shareholders approved by the Company’s Board of Directors. The Company declared and paid a total of $2,048,000 or $0.20 per common share cash dividend to shareholders of record during the year ended December 31, 2013.
During 2012, the Bank declared and paid cash dividends to the Company in the amount of $3,000,000, in connection with stock repurchase agreements and cash dividends approved by the Company's Board of Directors. On October 17, 2012, the Company declared a $480,000 or $0.05 per common share cash dividend to shareholders of record at the close of business on November 15, 2012 which was paid on November 30, 2012.
The Company’s primary source of income with which to pay cash dividends are dividends from the Bank. The California Financial Code restricts the total amount of dividends payable by a bank at any time without obtaining the prior approval of the California Department of Business Oversight to the lesser of (1) the bank’s retained earnings or (2) the Bank’s
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net income for its last three fiscal years, less distributions made to shareholders during the same three-year period. At December 31, 2014, no amounts of the Bank’s retained earnings were free of these restrictions.
Share Repurchase Plan - On August 15, 2012, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the adoption of a program to effect repurchases of the Company’s common stock. Under the program, the Company was to repurchase up to five percent of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock, or approximately 479,850 shares based on the shares outstanding as of August 15, 2012, for the period beginning on August 15, 2012 and ending February 15, 2013. During 2012, the Company repurchased and retired a total of 58,100 shares at an average price of $8.41 for a total cost of $488,000. The stock repurchase program was suspended after the Company entered into a Reorganization Agreement and Plan of Merger (the Merger Agreement) with Visalia Community Bank on December 19, 2012.
Capital Purchase Program — Small Business Lending Fund - On August 18, 2011, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (SPA) with the Small Business Lending Fund of the United States Department of the Treasury (the Treasury), under which the Company issued 7,000 shares of Senior Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series C (Series C Preferred) to the Treasury for an aggregate purchase price of $7,000,000. Simultaneously, the Company agreed with Treasury under a Letter Agreement to redeem, for an aggregate price of $7,000,000, the 7,000 shares of the Company’s Series A Fixed Rate Cumulative Preferred Stock (Series A Stock) originally issued pursuant to the Treasury’s Capital Purchase Program (CPP) in 2009. The redemption of the Series A Stock resulted in an acceleration of the remaining discount booked at the time of the CPP transaction. In connection with the repurchase of the Series A Stock, the Company also repurchased the warrant (the Warrant) to purchase 79,037 shares of the Company’s common stock that was originally issued to Treasury in connection with the CPP transaction for total consideration of $185,000.
On December 31, 2013, the Company redeemed all 7,000 outstanding shares of its Series C Preferred from the Treasury, in exercise of its optional redemption rights pursuant to the terms of the Series C Preferred under the Company’s charter and the SPA. The Company paid the Treasury $7,087,500 in connection with the redemption, representing $1,000 per share of the Series C Preferred plus all accrued and unpaid dividends through the date of the redemption. The obligations of the Company under the SPA are terminated as a result of the redemption. No additional shares of Series C Preferred are outstanding.
A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted earnings per common share computations is as follows (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

|  | For the Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Basic Earnings Per Common Share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 5,294 |  |  | $ | 8,250 |  |  | $ | 7,520 |
Less: Preferred stock dividends and accretion |  | — |  |  | (350 | ) |  | (350 | )
Income available to common shareholders |  | $ | 5,294 |  |  | $ | 7,900 |  |  | $ | 7,170 |
Weighted average shares outstanding |  | 10,919,235 |  |  | 10,245,448 |  |  | 9,587,784 |
Net income per common share |  | $ | 0.48 |  |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  | $ | 0.75 |
Diluted Earnings Per Common Share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 5,294 |  |  | $ | 8,250 |  |  | $ | 7,520 |
Less: Preferred stock dividends and accretion |  | — |  |  | (350 | ) |  | (350 | )
Income available to common shareholders |  | $ | 5,294 |  |  | $ | 7,900 |  |  | $ | 7,170 |
Weighted average shares outstanding |  | 10,919,235 |  |  | 10,245,448 |  |  | 9,587,784 |
Effect of dilutive stock options and warrants |  | 80,703 |  |  | 62,592 |  |  | 28,629 |
Weighted average shares of common stock and common stock equivalents |  | 10,999,938 |  |  | 10,308,040 |  |  | 9,616,413 |
Net income per diluted common share |  | $ | 0.48 |  |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  | $ | 0.75 |

Outstanding options, restricted stock, and warrants of 170,585, 202,355, and 352,319 were not factored into the calculation of dilutive stock options at December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively, because they were anti-dilutive.
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15. | SHARED-BASED COMPENSATION

On December 31, 2014, the Company had two share-based compensation plans, which are described below. The Plans do not provide for the settlement of awards in cash and new shares are issued upon option exercise or restricted share grants.
On November 15, 2000, the Company adopted, and subsequently amended on December 20, 2000, the Central Valley Community Bancorp 2000 Stock Option Plan (2000 Plan) for which 198,830 shares remain reserved for issuance for options already granted to employees and directors under incentive and nonstatutory agreements. The plan expired on November 15, 2010. Outstanding options under this plan are exercisable until their expiration, however, no new options will be granted under this plan. The plan required that the option price may not be less than the fair market value of the stock at the date the option was granted, and that the option price must be paid in full at the time it is exercised. The options under the plan expire on dates determined by the Board of Directors, but not later than 10 years from the date of grant. The vesting period was determined by the Board of Directors and was generally over 5 years.
In May 2005, the Company adopted the Central Valley Community Bancorp 2005 Omnibus Incentive Plan (2005 Plan). The plan provides for awards in the form of incentive stock options, non-statutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, and restricted stock. The plan also allows for performance awards that may be in the form of cash or shares of the Company, including restricted stock. The 2005 plan requires that the exercise price may not be less than the fair market value of the stock at the date the option is granted, and that the option price must be paid in full at the time it is exercised. The options and awards under the plan expire on dates determined by the Board of Directors, but not later than 10 years from the date of grant. The vesting period for the options, restricted common stock awards and option related stock appreciation rights is determined by the Board of Directors and is generally over five years. The maximum number of shares that can be issued with respect to all awards under the plan is 476,000. Currently under the 2005 Plan, there are 226,380 shares reserved for issuance for options and restricted common stock awards already granted to employees and 241,760 remain reserved for future grants as of December 31, 2014. The 2005 plan requires that the exercise price may not be less than the fair market value of the stock at the date the option is granted, and that the option price must be paid in full at the time it is exercised.
For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, the compensation cost recognized for share based compensation was $173,000, $98,000, and $108,000, respectively. The recognized tax benefit for share based compensation expense was $12,000, $28,000, and $16,000 for 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively.
Stock Option Plan - The Company bases the fair value of the options granted on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes Merton option pricing model that uses assumptions based on expected option life and the level of estimated forfeitures, expected stock volatility, risk free interest rate, and dividend yield. The expected term and level of estimated forfeitures of the Company’s options are based on the Company’s own historical experience. Stock volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock. The risk-free rate is based on the U. S. Treasury yield curve for the periods within the contractual life of the options in effect at the time of grant. The compensation cost for options granted is based on the weighted average grant date fair value per share.
No options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock were granted during the years ending December 31, 2014 and 2013 from any of the Company’s stock based compensation plans. In 2012, options to purchase 92,150 shares of common stock were granted from the 2005 Plan at exercise prices between $8.02 and $8.75. All options were granted with an exercise price equal to the market value on the grant date.
The fair value of each option is estimated on the date of grant using the following assumptions:

| 2012
Dividend yield | 0.00%
Expected volatility | 42%
Risk-free interest rate | 0.71%
Expected option term | 6.5 years

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A summary of the combined activity of the Plans for the year ended December 31, 2014 follows (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):

|  | Shares |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Options outstanding at January 1, 2014 |  | 380,430 |  |  | $ | 8.83 |  |  |  |  |  |
Options exercised |  | (8,910 | ) |  | $ | 6.22 |  |  |  |  |  |
Options forfeited |  | (3,160 | ) |  | $ | 8.81 |  |  |  |  |  |
Options outstanding at December 31, 2014 |  | 368,360 |  |  | $ | 8.89 |  |  | 3.68 |  | $ | 1,081 |
Options vested or expected to vest at December 31, 2014 |  | 364,495 |  |  | $ | 8.91 |  |  | 3.65 |  | $ | 1,067 |
Options exercisable at December 31, 2014 |  | 302,780 |  |  | $ | 9.19 |  |  | 2.90 |  | $ | 848 |

Information related to the stock option plan during each year follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

|  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Weighted-average per share grant-date fair value of options granted |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3.40 |
Intrinsic value of options exercised |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | 93 |
Cash received from options exercised |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 789 |  |  | $ | 385 |
Excess tax benefit realized for option exercises |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 26 |

As of December 31, 2014, there was $169,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted under all Plans. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.36 years. The total fair value of options vested was $99,000 and $102,000 for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Restricted Common Stock Awards - The 2005 Plan provides for the issuance of shares to directors and officers. Restricted common stock grants typically vest over a five-year period. Restricted common stock (all of which are shares of our common stock) is subject to forfeiture if employment terminates prior to vesting. The cost of these awards is recognized over the vesting period of the awards based on the fair value of our common stock on the date of the grant.
The following table summarizes restricted stock activity for the year ended December 31, 2014 as follows:

|  | Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested outstanding shares at January 1, 2014 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Granted |  | 57,330 |  |  | $ | 12.68 |
Vested |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Forfeited |  | (480 | ) |  | $ | 12.95 |
Nonvested outstanding shares at December 31, 2014 |  | 56,850 |  |  | $ | 12.68 |

During the year ended December 31, 2014, 57,330 shares of restricted common stock were granted from the 2005 Plan. The restricted common stock had a weighted average fair value of $12.68 per share on the date of grant. These restricted common stock awards vest 20% after Year 1. Thereafter, 20% of the remaining restricted stock will vest on each anniversary of the initial award commencement date and will be fully vested on the fifth such anniversary.
As of December 31, 2014, there were 56,850 shares of restricted stock that are nonvested and expected to vest. Share-based compensation cost charged against income for restricted stock awards was $82,000 for the year ended December 31, 2014. None was charged to income for the year ended December 31, 2013.
As of December 31, 2014, there was $640,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted common stock. Restricted stock compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average remaining period of 4.48 years and will be adjusted for subsequent changes in estimated forfeitures. Restricted common stock awards had an intrinsic value of $630,000 at December 31, 2014.
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16. | EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

401(k) and Profit Sharing Plan - The Bank has established a 401(k) and profit sharing plan. The 401(k) plan covers substantially all employees who have completed a one-month employment period. Participants in the profit sharing plan are eligible to receive employer contributions after completion of 2 years of service. Bank contributions to the profit sharing plan are determined at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Participants are automatically vested 100% in all employer contributions. There was no contribution by the Bank to the profit sharing plan in 2014. The Bank contributed $225,000 and $210,000 to the profit sharing plan in 2013 and 2012, respectively.
Additionally, the Bank may elect to make a matching contribution to the participants’ 401(k) plan accounts. The amount to be contributed is announced by the Bank at the beginning of the plan year. For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, the Bank made a 100% matching contribution on all deferred amounts up to 3% of eligible compensation and a 50% matching contribution on all deferred amounts above 3% to a maximum of 5%. For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, the Bank made matching contributions totaling $499,000, $382,000, and $388,000, respectively.
Deferred Compensation Plan - The Bank has a nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan which provides directors with an unfunded, deferred compensation program. Under the plan, eligible participants may elect to defer some or all of their current compensation or director fees. Deferred amounts earn interest at an annual rate determined by the Board of Directors (3.92% at December 31, 2014). At December 31, 2014 and 2013, the total net deferrals included in accrued interest payable and other liabilities were $3,154,000 and $2,976,000, respectively.
In connection with the implementation of the above plan, single premium universal life insurance policies on the life of each participant were purchased by the Bank, which is the beneficiary and owner of the policies. The cash surrender value of the policies totaled $3,519,000 and $3,416,000 and at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Income recognized on these policies, net of related expenses, for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, was $103,000, $108,000, and $103,000, respectively.
Salary Continuation Plans - The Board of Directors approved salary continuation plans for certain key executives during 2002 and subsequently amended the plans in 2006. Under these plans, the Bank is obligated to provide the executives with annual benefits for 15 years after retirement. These benefits are substantially equivalent to those available under split-dollar life insurance policies purchased by the Bank on the life of the executives. The expense recognized under these plans for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, totaled $537,000, $581,000, and $658,000, respectively. Accrued compensation payable under the salary continuation plans totaled $5,283,000 and $4,834,000 at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
In connection with these plans, the Bank purchased single premium life insurance policies with cash surrender values totaling $5,870,000 and $4,804,000 at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Income recognized on these policies, net of related expense, for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012 totaled $166,000, $145,000, and $150,000, respectively.
In connection with the acquisition of Service 1 st Bank, the Bank assumed a liability for the estimated present value of future benefits payable to former key executives of Service 1 st. The liability relates to change in control benefits associated with Service 1 st’s salary continuation plans. The benefits are payable to the individuals when they reach retirement age. At December 31, 2014 and 2013, the total amount of the liability was $1,965,000 and $1,907,000, respectively. Expense recognized by the Bank in 2014, 2013 and 2012 associated with these plans was $153,000, $194,000, and $184,000, respectively. These benefits are substantially equivalent to those available under split-dollar life insurance policies acquired. These single premium life insurance policies had cash surrender values totaling $4,456,000, and $4,326,000 at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Income recognized on these policies, net of related expenses, for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012, was $130,000, $130,000, and $150,000, respectively.
In connection with the acquisition of Visalia Community Bank (VCB), the Bank assumed a liability for the estimated present value of future benefits payable to former key executives of VCB. The liability relates to change in control benefits associated with VCB’s salary continuation plans. The benefits are payable to the individuals when they reach retirement age. At December 31, 2014 and 2013, the total amount of the liability was $933,000 and,863,000 respectively. Expense recognized by the Company in 2014 and 2013 associated with these plans was $80,000 and $8,000, respectively. These benefits are substantially equivalent to those available under split-dollar life insurance policies acquired. These single premium life insurance policies had cash surrender values totaling $7,112,000 and $6,897,000 at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Income recognized on these policies, net of related expenses, for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 was $215,000 and $111,000, respectively.
The current annual tax-free interest rate on all life insurance policies is 4.01%.

17. | LOANS TO RELATED PARTIES

During the normal course of business, the Bank enters into loans with related parties, including executive officers and directors. The following is a summary of the aggregate activity involving related party borrowers (in thousands):
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Balance, January 1, 2014 | $ | 807 |
Disbursements | 338 |
Amounts repaid | (362 | )
Balance, December 31, 2014 | $ | 783 |
Undisbursed commitments to related parties, December 31, 2014 | $ | 946 |

18. PARENT ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31, 2014 and 2013

(In thousands) |  | 2014 |  | 2013
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 368 |  |  | $ | 385 |
Investment in Bank subsidiary |  | 135,366 |  |  | 124,378 |
Other assets |  | 589 |  |  | 523 |
Total assets |  | $ | 136,323 |  |  | $ | 125,286 |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Junior subordinated debentures due to subsidiary grantor trust |  | $ | 5,155 |  |  | $ | 5,155 |
Other liabilities |  | 123 |  |  | 88 |
Total liabilities |  | 5,278 |  |  | 5,243 |
Shareholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, Series C |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock |  | 54,216 |  |  | 53,981 |
Retained earnings |  | 71,452 |  |  | 68,348 |
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax |  | 5,377 |  |  | (2,286 | )
Total shareholders’ equity |  | 131,045 |  |  | 120,043 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 136,323 |  |  | $ | 125,286 |

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CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
For the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012

(In thousands) |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dividends declared by Subsidiary - eliminated in consolidation |  | $ | 2,350 |  |  | $ | 18,000 |  |  | $ | 3,000 |
Other income |  | 3 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 3 |
Total income |  | 2,353 |  |  | 18,005 |  |  | 3,003 |
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest on junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures |  | 96 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 107 |
Professional fees |  | 187 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 140 |
Other expenses |  | 389 |  |  | 424 |  |  | 587 |
Total expenses |  | 672 |  |  | 624 |  |  | 834 |
Income before equity in undistributed net income of Subsidiary |  | 1,681 |  |  | 17,381 |  |  | 2,169 |
Equity in undistributed net income of Subsidiary, net of distributions |  | 3,325 |  |  | (9,414 | ) |  | 4,993 |
Income before income tax benefit |  | 5,006 |  |  | 7,967 |  |  | 7,162 |
Benefit from income taxes |  | 288 |  |  | 283 |  |  | 358 |
Net income |  | 5,294 |  |  | 8,250 |  |  | 7,520 |
Preferred stock dividend and accretion of discount |  | — |  |  | 350 |  |  | 350 |
Income available to common shareholders |  | $ | 5,294 |  |  | $ | 7,900 |  |  | $ | 7,170 |
Comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | 12,957 |  |  | $ | (1,622 | ) |  | $ | 10,982 |

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CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012

(In thousands) |  | 2014 |  | 2013 |  | 2012
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 5,294 |  |  | $ | 8,250 |  |  | $ | 7,520 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Undistributed net income of subsidiary, net of distributions |  | (3,325 | ) |  | 9,414 |  |  | (4,993 | )
Stock-based compensation |  | 173 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 108 |
Tax benefit from exercise of stock options |  | (7 | ) |  | (17 | ) |  | (26 | )
Net (increase) decrease in other assets |  | (50 | ) |  | 86 |  |  | (28 | )
Net increase (decrease)in other liabilities |  | 34 |  |  | (198 | ) |  | 179 |
Benefit from deferred income taxes |  | (8 | ) |  | (18 | ) |  | (15 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 2,111 |  |  | 17,615 |  |  | 2,745 |
Cash flows used in investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment in subsidiary |  | — |  |  | (11,358 | ) |  | — |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash dividend payments on common stock |  | (2,190 | ) |  | (2,048 | ) |  | (480 | )
Cash dividend payments on preferred stock |  | — |  |  | (437 | ) |  | (350 | )
Share repurchase and retirement |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (488 | )
Proceeds from exercise of stock options |  | 55 |  |  | 789 |  |  | 385 |
Redemption of preferred stock Series C |  | — |  |  | (7,000 | ) |  | — |
Tax benefit from exercise of stock options |  | 7 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 26 |
Net cash used in financing activities |  | (2,128 | ) |  | (8,679 | ) |  | (907 | )
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |  | (17 | ) |  | (2,422 | ) |  | 1,838 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |  | 385 |  |  | 2,807 |  |  | 969 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year |  | $ | 368 |  |  | $ | 385 |  |  | $ | 2,807 |
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid during the year for interest |  | $ | 194 |  |  | $ | 125 |  |  | $ | 109 |
Non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock issued in Visalia Community Bank acquisition |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,494 |  |  | $ | — |

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SUPPLEMENTARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The following supplementary financial information is not a part of the Company’s financial statements.
Unaudited Quarterly Statement of Operations Data
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

| Q4 2014 |  | Q3 2014 |  | Q2 2014 |  | Q1 2014 |  | Q4 2013 |  | Q3 2013 |  | Q2 2013 |  | Q1 2013
Net interest income | $ | 10,005 |  |  | $ | 9,876 |  |  | $ | 9,905 |  |  | $ | 10,099 |  |  | $ | 9,192 |  |  | $ | 10,536 |  |  | $ | 6,878 |  |  | $ | 6,845 |
Provision for credit losses | 8,385 |  |  | — |  |  | (400 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net interest income after provision for credit losses | 1,620 |  |  | 9,876 |  |  | 10,305 |  |  | 10,099 |  |  | 9,192 |  |  | 10,536 |  |  | 6,878 |  |  | 6,845 |
Total non-interest income | 2,083 |  |  | 2,061 |  |  | 2,044 |  |  | 1,977 |  |  | 1,965 |  |  | 1,813 |  |  | 1,828 |  |  | 2,226 |
Total non-interest expense | 8,819 |  |  | 9,051 |  |  | 8,734 |  |  | 8,736 |  |  | 8,538 |  |  | 8,991 |  |  | 7,224 |  |  | 6,933 |
Provision for (benefit from)income taxes | (2,750 | ) |  | 535 |  |  | 922 |  |  | 724 |  |  | 408 |  |  | 389 |  |  | 195 |  |  | 355 |
Net income (loss) | $ | (2,366 | ) |  | $ | 2,351 |  |  | $ | 2,693 |  |  | $ | 2,616 |  |  | $ | 2,211 |  |  | $ | 2,969 |  |  | $ | 1,287 |  |  | $ | 1,783 |
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders | $ | (2,366 | ) |  | $ | 2,351 |  |  | $ | 2,693 |  |  | $ | 2,616 |  |  | $ | 2,123 |  |  | $ | 2,882 |  |  | $ | 1,199 |  |  | $ | 1,696 |
Basic earnings (loss) per share | $ | (0.22 | ) |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 0.25 |  |  | $ | 0.24 |  |  | $ | 0.19 |  |  | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | 0.13 |  |  | $ | 0.18 |
Diluted earnings (loss) per share | $ | (0.22 | ) |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 0.24 |  |  | $ | 0.24 |  |  | $ | 0.19 |  |  | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | 0.12 |  |  | $ | 0.18 |

ITEM 9 - | CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE.

Not Applicable.

ITEM 9A - | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Based on their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K (as required by paragraph (b) of Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act)), the Registrant’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms.
See “MANAGEMENT'S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING” as set forth on page 62.
There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2014, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The report of Crowe Horwath LLP on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is set forth on page 63.
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|  | CENTRAL VALLEY COMMUNITY BANCORP
Date: | March 16, 2015 |  | By: | /s/ James M. Ford
|  | James M. Ford
|  | President and Chief Executive Officer
|  | (principal executive officer)
Date: | March 16, 2015 |  | By: | /s/ David A. Kinross
|  | David A. Kinross
|  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
|  | (principal accounting officer and principal financial officer)

ITEM 9B - | OTHER INFORMATION

Not Applicable.
PART III

ITEM 10 - | DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, PROMOTERS AND CONTROL PERSONS; COMPLIANCE WITH SECTION 16(a) OF THE EXCHANGE ACT.

For information concerning directors and executive officers of the Company, see “ELECTION OF DIRECTORS OF THE COMPANY” in the definitive Proxy Statement for the Company’s 2015 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A (the Proxy Statement), which section of the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance
Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 requires the Company’s officers and directors, and persons who own more than 10% of a registered class of the Company’s equity securities, to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the FDIC. Officers, directors and greater than 10% shareholders are required by SEC regulations to furnish the Company with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file.
Based solely on its review of the copies of such forms received by it, or written representations from certain reporting persons that no Forms 4 and 5 were required for those persons, the Company believes that for the 2014 fiscal year the officers and directors of the Company complied with all applicable filing requirements.

ITEM 11 - | EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION.

The information required by this Item can be found in the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement under the captions “Executive Compensation” and is by this reference incorporated herein.

ITEM 12 - | SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.

For information concerning security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management, see “PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS” and “ELECTION OF DIRECTORS OF THE COMPANY” in the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement, which sections of the Proxy Statement are incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 13 - | CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS.

For information concerning certain relationships and related transactions, see “CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS” and “INDEBTEDNESS OF MANAGEMENT” in the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement, which sections of the Proxy Statement are incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 14 - | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

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For information concerning principal accounting fees and services, see “PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES” in the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement, which section of the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 15 - | EXHIBITS

(a) EXHIBITS
See Index to Exhibits of this Form 10-K.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  | CENTRAL VALLEY COMMUNITY BANCORP
Date: | March 16, 2015 |  | By: | /s/ James M. Ford
|  | James M. Ford
|  | President and Chief Executive Officer
|  | (principal executive officer)
Date: | March 16, 2015 |  | By: | /s/ David A. Kinross
|  | David A. Kinross
|  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
|  | (principal accounting officer and principal financial officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
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/s/ James M. Ford |  | Date: March 16, 2015
James M. Ford, |  |
President and Chief Executive Officer and Director (principal executive officer) |  |
/s/ David A. Kinross |  | Date: March 16, 2015
David A. Kinross, |  |
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |  |
(principal accounting officer and principal financial officer) |  |
Daniel J. Doyle * |  | Date: March 16, 2015
Daniel J. Doyle, |  |
Chairman of the Board and Director |  |
Daniel N. Cunningham * |  | Date: March 16, 2015
Daniel N. Cunningham, Lead Independent Director |  |
Sidney B. Cox * |  | Date: March 16, 2015
Sidney B. Cox, Director |  |
Edwin S. Darden * |  | Date: March 16, 2015
Edwin S. Darden, Director |  |
F.T. “Tommy” Elliott, IV * |  | Date: March 16, 2015
F.T. “Tommy” Elliott, IV, Director |  |
Steven D. McDonald * |  | Date: March 16, 2015
Steven D. McDonald, Director |  |
Louis McMurray * |  | Date: March 16, 2015
Louis McMurray, Director |  |
William S. Smittcamp * |  | Date: March 16, 2015
William S. Smittcamp, Director |  |
Joseph B. Weirick * |  | Date: March 16, 2015
Joseph B. Weirick, Director |  |
* By | /s/ James M. Ford |  | Date: March 16, 2015
James M. Ford, as Attorney-in-fact |  |

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INDEX TO EXHIBITS

Exhibit |  |
Number |  | Exhibit
2.1 |  | Agreement and Plan of Reorganization by and between Central Valley Community Bancorp and Bank of Madera County dated as of July 19, 2004 as amended to reflect amendments at Section 2.5 dated September 29, 2004, incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the proxy statement-prospectus contained in the Registration Statement on Form S-4, Registration Statement No. 333-118534, effective as of November 4, 2004.
2.2 |  | Reorganization Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among Central Valley Community Bancorp, Central Valley Community Bank, Service 1 st Bancorp, and Service 1 st Bank dated as of May 28, 2008 as amended as of August 21, 2008, incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the proxy statement-prospectus contained in the Registration Statement on Form S-4, Registration Statement No. 333-152151, effective date September 9, 2008.
2.3 |  | Agreement and Plan of Reorganization and Merger dated December 19, 2012, by and among Central Valley Community Bancorp, Central Valley Community Bank and Visalia Community Bank (24)
3.1 |  | Certificate of Determination for Preferred Stock (20).
3.1.1 |  | Articles of Incorporation of the Company. (1)
3.1.2 |  | Certificate of Amendment of Articles of Incorporation, dated July 6, 2000. (2)
3.1.3 |  | Certificate of Amendment of Articles of Incorporation, dated January 6, 2003 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1.3 to Registrant’s Annual report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2003, filed March 26, 2004.
3.1.4 |  | Certificate of Amendment of Articles of Incorporation, dated October 31, 2005 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.(I) to Registrant’s Quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2005, filed November 14, 2005.
3.1.5 |  | Certificate of Determination of Series A Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, dated January 16, 2009 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant’s Report on Form 8-K dated January 30, 2009).
3.1.6 |  | Certificate of Determination of Series B Adjustable Rate Non-cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock dated December 22, 2009 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Registrant’s Report on Form 8-K dated December 22, 2009).
3.2 |  | Bylaws of the Company as amended to date. (25)
4.1 |  | Form of Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of December 22, 2009 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Registrant’s Report on Form 8-K dated December 22, 2009).
4.2 |  | Form of Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of December 22, 2009 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Registrant’s Report on Form 8-K dated December 22, 2009).
9 |  | N/A
10.1 |  | Central Valley Community Bancorp 2000 Stock Option Plan. (3) *

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10.2 |  | Central Valley Community Bancorp Incentive Stock Option Agreement. (2) *
10.3 |  | Central Valley Community Bancorp Non-Statutory Stock Option Agreement. (2) *
10.4 |  | Clovis Community Bank 1992 Stock Option Plan. (2) *
10.5 |  | Clovis Community Bank Incentive Stock Option Agreement. (2) *
10.6 |  | Clovis Community Bank Non-Statutory Stock Option Agreement. (2) *
10.7 |  | Clovis Community Bank Amended and Restated Salary Deferral Plan, effective January 1, 1997. (2) *
10.8 |  | Amendment Number One to the Clovis Community Bank Amended and Restated Salary Deferral Plan, effective January 1, 1997. (2) *
10.9 |  | Amendment Number Two to the Clovis Community Bank Amended and Restated Salary Deferral Plan, effective January 1, 1997. (2) *
10.10 |  | Deferred Fee Agreement by and between Clovest Corporation and Daniel N. Cunningham. (2) *
10.11 |  | Deferred Fee Agreement by and between Clovest Corporation and Steven McDonald. (2) *
10.12 |  | Deferred Fee Agreement by and between Clovest Corporation and Louis McMurray. (2) *
10.13 |  | Deferred Fee Agreement by and between Clovest Corporation and Wanda Lee Rogers. (16) *
10.14 |  | Deferred Fee Agreement by and between Clovest Corporation and William S. Smittcamp. (2) *
10.15 |  | Clovis Community Bank 1999 Senior Management Incentive Plan. (2) *
10.16 |  | Employment Agreement by and between Clovis Community Bank and Daniel J. Doyle dated May 11, 1998. (2) *
10.17 |  | [reserved]
10.18 |  | [reserved]
10.19 |  | Salary Continuation Agreement by and between Clovis Community Bank and Daniel J. Doyle, dated June 7, 2000. (2)*
10.20 |  | Salary Continuation Agreement by and between Clovis Community Bank and Gayle Graham, dated June 7, 2000. (2) *
10.21 |  | Salary Continuation Agreement by and between Clovis Community Bank and Gary Quisenberry, dated June 7, 2000. (2) *
10.22 |  | Salary Continuation Agreement by and between Clovis Community Bank and Tom Sommer, dated June 7, 2000. (2) *

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10.23 |  | Clovis Community Bank Amended and Restated Deferred Fee Agreement for Daniel N. Cunningham. (2)*
10.24 |  | Clovis Community Bank Amended and Restated Deferred Fee Agreement for Steven McDonald. (2) *
10.25 |  | Clovis Community Bank Amended and Restated Deferred Fee Agreement for Louis McMurray. (2) *
10.26 |  | Clovis Community Bank Amended and Restated Deferred Fee Agreement for Wanda Lee Rogers. (2) *
10.27 |  | Clovis Community Bank Amended and Restated Deferred Fee Agreement for William S. Smittcamp. (2) *
10.28 |  | Life Insurance Endorsement Method Split Dollar Plan Agreement by and between Clovis Community Bank and Daniel J. Doyle, dated June 21, 2000. (2) *
10.29 |  | Life Insurance Endorsement Method Split Dollar Plan Agreement by and between Clovis Community Bank and Dorothy Graham, dated June 21, 2000. (3) *
10.30 |  | Life Insurance Endorsement Method Split Dollar Plan Agreement by and between Clovis Community Bank and Gary Quisenberry, dated June 21, 2000. (3) *
10.31 |  | Life Insurance Endorsement Method Split Dollar Plan Agreement by and between Clovis Community Bank and Tom Sommer, dated June 21, 2000. (3) *
10.32 |  | Salary Continuation Agreement by and between Clovis Community Bank and Shirley Wilburn, dated April 1, 2001. (5) *
10.33 |  | Life Insurance Endorsement Method Split Dollar Plan Agreement by and between Clovis Community Bank and Shirley Wilburn, dated April 1, 2001. (5) *
10.34 |  | Director Deferred Fee Agreement by and between Clovis Community Bank and Edwin S. Darden. Jr., effective August 1, 2001. (6) *
10.35 |  | Addendum A, Clovis Community Bank Split Dollar Agreement and Endorsement by and between Clovis Community Bank and Edwin S. Darden Jr., effective November 29, 2001. (6) *
10.36 |  | Form of Second Amended and Restated Director Deferred Fee Agreement by and between Clovis Community Bank and Daniel N. Cunningham, Steven McDonald, Louis McMurray, Wanda Lee Rogers and William S. Smittcamp, effective February 13, 2002. (7) *
10.37 |  | Schedule A, Participants’ Normal Retirement Age and Form of Benefit Elected to Second Amended and Restated Director Deferred Fee Agreement by and between Clovis Community Bank and Daniel N. Cunningham, Steven McDonald, Louis McMurray, Wanda Lee Rogers and William S. Smittcamp, effective February 13, 2002 . (7) *
10.38 |  | Addendum A, Clovis Community Bank Split Dollar Agreement and Endorsement by and between Clovis Community Bank and Daniel N. Cunningham, Steven McDonald, Louis McMurray, Wanda Lee Rogers and William S. Smittcamp, effective February 13, 2002. (7) *
10.39 |  | Schedule B, Participants and Their Executive Interest in Clovis Community Bank Split Dollar Agreement and Endorsement, by and between Clovis Community Bank and Daniel N. Cunningham, Steven McDonald, Louis McMurray, Wanda Lee Rogers and William S. Smittcamp, effective February 13, 2002. (7) *
10.40 |  | Central Valley Community Bank Employee and Director Preferred Interest Bonus Plan. (7) *

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10.41 |  | Amendment No. 1 to Employment Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Daniel J. Doyle effective July 17, 2002. (8) *
10.42 |  | Amendment No. 1 to Salary Continuation Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Daniel J. Doyle effective October 16, 2002. (9)*
10.43 |  | Form of Amendment to the Split Dollar Agreement and Policy Endorsement with Central Valley Community Bank by and between Central Valley Community Bank f/k/a Clovis Community Bank and Daniel N. Cunningham, Steven McDonald, Louis McMurray, Wanda Lee Rogers and William S. Smittcamp, effective January 1, 2003. (10)*
10.44 |  | Schedule C, Participants and life insurance policies in Central Valley Community Bank Amended Split Dollar Agreement and Policy Endorsement by and between Central Valley Community Bank f/k/a Clovis Community Bank and Daniel N. Cunningham, Steven McDonald, Louis McMurray, Wanda Lee Rogers and William S. Smittcamp, effective January 1, 2003. (10)*
10.45 |  | Amendment No. 2 to Executive Salary Continuation Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank, f/k/a Clovis Community Bank, and Daniel J. Doyle. (11)*
10.46 |  | Amendment No. 1 to Endorsement Split Dollar Plan Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank, f/k/a Clovis Community Bank, and Daniel J. Doyle. (11)*
10.47 |  | Second Amendment to the Clovest Corporation Director Deferred Compensation Plan Agreement Dated November 14, 1996 by and between Clovest Corporation and Daniel N. Cunningham effective October 31, 2003. (12)*
10.48 |  | Second Amendment to the Clovest Corporation Director Deferred Compensation Plan Agreement Dated November 14, 1996 by and between Clovest Corporation and William S. Smittcamp effective October 31, 2003. (12)*
10.49 |  | Second Amendment to the Clovest Corporation Director Deferred Compensation Plan Agreement Dated November 14, 1996 by and between Clovest Corporation and Louis McMurray effective October 31, 2003. (12)*
10.50 |  | Second Amendment to the Clovest Corporation Director Deferred Compensation Plan Agreement Dated November 14, 1996 by and between Clovest Corporation and Wanda Lee Rogers effective October 31, 2003. (12)*
10.51 |  | Business Loan Agreement and Pledge Agreement dated as of December 17, 2004, between Central Valley Community Bancorp and Bank of the West. (13)
10.52 |  | Form of Amendment No. 1 To Salary Continuation Agreement dated June 7, 2000 by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Gayle Graham, Gary Quisenberry, Tom Sommer and Shirley Wilburn effective February 1, 2005. (14)*
10.53 |  | Exhibit 1 to Amendment No. 1 to Salary Continuation Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Gayle Graham effective February 1, 2005. (14)*
10.54 |  | Exhibit 1 to Amendment No. 1 to Salary Continuation Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Gary Quisenberry effective February 1, 2005. (14)*
10.56 |  | Exhibit 1 to Amendment No. 1 to Salary Continuation Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Tom Sommer effective February 1, 2005. (14)*

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10.57 |  | Exhibit 1 to Amendment No. 1 to Salary Continuation Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Shirley Wilburn effective February 1, 2005. (14)*
10.58 |  | Form of Amendment No. 1 To Life Insurance Endorsement Method Split Dollar Plan Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Gayle Graham, Gary Quisenberry and Tom Sommer effective February 1, 2005. (14)*
10.59 |  | Exhibit B to Amendment No. 1 To Life Insurance Endorsement Method Split Dollar Plan Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Gayle Graham effective February 1, 2005. (14)*
10.60 |  | Exhibit B to Amendment No. 1 To Life Insurance Endorsement Method Split Dollar Plan Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Gary Quisenberry effective February 1, 2005. (14)*
10.61 |  | Exhibit B to Amendment No. 1 To Life Insurance Endorsement Method Split Dollar Plan Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Tom Sommer effective February 1, 2005. (14)*
10.62 |  | Amendment No. 1 To Life Insurance Endorsement Method Split Dollar Plan Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Shirley Wilburn effective February 1, 2005. (14)*
10.63 |  | Amendment No. 3 To Salary Continuation Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Daniel Doyle effective February 1, 2005. (14)*
10.64 |  | Central Valley Community Bancorp 2005 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference from Appendix A to the Registrant’s proxy statement filed April 5, 2005. (14)*
10.65 |  | Life Insurance Endorsement Method Split Dollar Plan Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and David Kinross, dated July 1, 2006.(15)*
10.66 |  | Executive Salary Continuation Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and David Kinross, dated July 1, 2006. (15)*
10.67 |  | Amended and Restated Life Insurance Endorsement Method Split Dollar Plan Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Daniel J. Doyle, dated December 31, 2006. (16)*
10.68 |  | Amended and Restated Executive Salary Continuation Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Daniel J. Doyle, dated December 31, 2006. (16)*
10.69 |  | Amended Life Insurance Endorsement Method Split Dollar Plan Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Shirley Wilburn, dated December 31, 2006. (16)*
10.70 |  | Amended Executive Salary Continuation Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Shirley Wilburn, dated December 31, 2006. (16)*
10.71 |  | Amendment No. 2 To Life Insurance Endorsement Method Split Dollar Plan Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Gayle Graham, dated December 20, 2006. (16)*
10.72 |  | Amendment No. 2 To Salary Continuation Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Gayle Graham, dated December 20, 2006. (16)*
10.73 |  | Amended Life Insurance Endorsement Method Split Dollar Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and David Kinross, dated March 1, 2007. (16)*

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10.74 |  | Amended Executive Salary Continuation Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and David Kinross, dated March 1, 2007. (16)*
10.75 |  | Amended Life Insurance Endorsement Method Split Dollar Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Tom Sommer, dated March 1, 2007. (16)*
10.76 |  | Amended Executive Salary Continuation Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Tom Sommer, dated March 1, 2007. (16)*
10.77 |  | Amended Life Insurance Endorsement Method Split Dollar Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Gary Quisenberry, dated March 1, 2007. (16)*
10.78 |  | Amended Executive Salary Continuation Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Gary Quisenberry, dated March 1, 2007. (16)*
10.79 |  | Life Insurance Endorsement Method Split Dollar Plan Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Lydia E. Shaw, dated January 2, 2008.(17)*
10.80 |  | Executive Salary Continuation Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Lydia E. Shaw, dated January 2, 2008. (17)*
10.81 |  | Form of Salary Continuation Agreement Amendment dated March 1, 2008 by and between Central Valley Community Bank and David Kinross, Tom Sommer, Lydia Shaw and Gary Quisenberry. (17)*
10.82 |  | Salary Continuation Agreement Amendment dated March 1, 2008 by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Daniel J. Doyle. (17)*
10.83 |  | Form of Second Amendment to the Director Deferred Compensation Agreement effective January 1, 2009 by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Daniel N. Cunningham, Edwin S. Darden, Jr., Steven D. McDonald, Louis C. McMurray, William S. Smittcamp and Wanda L. Rogers. (Filed as Exhibits to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference).
10.84 |  | Second Executive Salary Continuation Agreement effective April 1, 2010 by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Thomas Sommer. (19)*
10.85 |  | Second Executive Salary Continuation Agreement effective April 1, 2010 by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Gary Quisenberry. (19)*
10.86 |  | Securities Purchase Agreement, dated August 18, 2011, between the Company and the United States Department of Treasury. (20)
10.87 |  | Letter Agreement, dated August 18, 2011, between the Company and the United States Department of Treasury. (20)
10.88 |  | Share Exchange Agreement, dated August 23, 2011, among the Company and Patriot Financial Partners, L.P. and Patriot Financial Partners Parallel, L.P. (20)
10.89 |  | Second Amended and Restated Executive Salary Continuation Agreement effective July 1, 2011, by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Daniel J. Doyle. (20)*
10.90 |  | Second Amended and Restated Life Insurance Method Split Dollar Plan Agreement effective July 1, 2011, by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Daniel J. Doyle. (20)*

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10.91 |  | Amended Executive Salary Continuation Agreement effective January 1, 2012, by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Lydia Shaw. (21)*
10.92 |  | Amended Life Insurance Endorsement Method Split Dollar Agreement effective January 1, 2012, by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Lydia Shaw. (21)*
10.93 |  | Second Amended Executive Salary Continuation Agreement effective January 1, 2012, by and between Central Valley Community Bank and David Kinross. (21)*
10.94 |  | Second Amended Life Insurance Endorsement Method Split Dollar Agreement effective January 1, 2012, by and between Central Valley Community Bank and David Kinross. (21)*
10.95 |  | Amended Second Executive Salary Continuation Agreement effective January 1, 2012, by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Gary Quisenberry. (21)*
10.96 |  | Second Amended Life Insurance Endorsement Method Split Dollar Agreement effective January 1, 2012, by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Gary Quisenberry. (21)*
10.97 |  | Amended Second Executive Salary Continuation Agreement effective January 1, 2012, by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Tom Sommer. (21)*
10.98 |  | Second Amended Life Insurance Endorsement Method Split Dollar Agreement effective January 1, 2012, by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Tom Sommer. (21)*
10.99 |  | Amended Split Dollar Plan Agreement and Endorsement effective March 21, 2012, by and between Central Valley Community Bank and William S. Smittcamp. (22)*
10.100 |  | Amended Split Dollar Plan Agreement and Endorsement effective March 21, 2012, by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Daniel N. Cunningham. (22)*
10.101 |  | Amended Split Dollar Plan Agreement and Endorsement effective March 21, 2012, by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Louis McMurray. (22)*
10.102 |  | Amended Split Dollar Plan Agreement and Endorsement effective March 21, 2012, by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Steven D. McDonald. (22)*
10.103 |  | Amended Split Dollar Plan Agreement and Endorsement effective March 21, 2012, by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Edwin S. Darden. (22)*
10.104 |  | Amended Split Dollar Plan Agreement and Endorsement effective December 18, 2013, by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Daniel N. Cunningham. (23)*
10.105 |  | Amended Split Dollar Plan Agreement and Endorsement effective December 18, 2013, by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Edwin S. Darden. (23)*
10.106 |  | Amended Split Dollar Plan Agreement and Endorsement effective December 18, 2013, by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Louis McMurray. (23)*
10.107 |  | Amended Split Dollar Plan Agreement and Endorsement effective December 18, 2013, by and between Central Valley Community Bank and Steven D. McDonald. (23)*

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10.108 |  | Amended Split Dollar Plan Agreement and Endorsement effective December 18, 2013, by and between Central Valley Community Bank and William S. Smittcamp. (23)*
10.109 |  | Employment Agreement by and between Central Valley Community Bank and James M. Ford dated January 23, 2014. (23) *
11 |  | N/A
12 |  | N/A
13 |  | N/A
16 |  | N/A
18 |  | N/A
21 |  | Subsidiaries.
22 |  | N/A
23 |  | Consent of Crowe Horwath LLP.
24 |  | Power of Attorney
31.1 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) [Section 302] Certification Of Principal Executive Officer.
31.2 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) [Section 302] Certification Of Principal Financial Officer.
32.1 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Document
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Link Document

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* Management contract and compensatory plans.

(1) | Filed as Exhibit 3.1.1 to the Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2000 (the 2000 Form 10-KSB) and incorporated herein by reference.

(2) | Filed as Exhibits to the 2000 Form 10-KSB and incorporated herein by reference.

(3) | Attached as Exhibit 99.1 to Registration Statement No. 333-52384 on Form S-8 filed by the Registrant (the 2000 Plan S-8 Registration Statement) and incorporated herein by reference.

(4) | Attached as Exhibit 99.1 to Registration Statement No. 333-50276 on Form S-8 filed by the Registrant (the 1992 Plan S-8 Registration Statement) and incorporated herein by reference.

(5) | Filed as Exhibits to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended June 30, 2001 and incorporated herein by reference.

(6) | Filed as Exhibits to the Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2001 and incorporated herein by reference.

(7) | Filed as Exhibits to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended June 30, 2002 and incorporated herein by reference.

(8) | Filed as Exhibit 10.41 to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended September 30, 2002 and incorporated herein by reference.

(9) | Filed as Exhibit 10.42 to the Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2002 and incorporated herein by reference.

(10) | Filed as Exhibits to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended March 31, 2003 and incorporated herein by reference.

(11) | Filed as Exhibits to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-QSB for the quarter ended September, 30 2003 and incorporated herein by reference.

(12) | Filed as Exhibits to the Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2003, filed March 26, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference.

(13) | Filed as Exhibits to the Annual Report on Form 10-KSB for the year ended December 31, 2004, filed March 24, 2005 and incorporated herein by reference.

(14) | Filed as Exhibits to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June, 30 2005 and incorporated herein by reference.

(15) | Filed as Exhibits to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June, 30 2006 and incorporated herein by reference.

(16) | Filed as Exhibits to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, filed March 28, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference

(17) | Filed as Exhibits to Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, filed March 5, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference

(18) | Filed as Exhibits to Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, filed March 19, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference

(19) | Filed as Exhibits to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2010 and incorporated herein by reference.

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(20) | Filed as Exhibits to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2011 and incorporated herein by reference.

(21) | Filed as Exhibit to Annual Report on Form 10K for the year ended December 31, 2011, filed March 21, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.

(22) | Filed as Exhibits to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2012 and incorporated herein by reference.

(23) | Filed as Exhibits to Annual Report on Form 10K for the year ended December 31, 2013, filed March 21, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference.

(24) | Filed as Exhibit to Registration Statement on Form S-4 No. 333-187260, filed March 14, 2013.

(25) | Filed as Exhibits to Annual Report on Form 10K for the year ended December 31, 2014, filed March 16, 2015 filed here.

123