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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2024
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER: 000-31977
COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

California |  | 77-0539125
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

7100 N. Financial Dr., Suite 101, Fresno, California |  | 93720
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number (559) 298-1775
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Common Stock, no par value |  | CWBC |  | NASDAQ Capital Market
(Title of Each Class) |  | (Trading Symbol) |  | (Name of Each Exchange on which Registered)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Emerging growth company | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☒ |  | Small reporting company | ☒ |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of April 30, 2024 there were 18,870,184 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.
1

COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES AND SUBSIDIARY
2024 QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART 1 | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 5
ITEM 1 | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) | 5
ITEM 2 | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 32
ITEM 3 | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | 45
ITEM 4 | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 45
PART II | OTHER INFORMATION | 45
ITEM 1 | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 46
ITEM 1A | RISK FACTORS | 46
ITEM 2 | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS | 46
ITEM 3 | DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES | 46
ITEM 4 | MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES | 46
ITEM 5 | OTHER INFORMATION | 46
ITEM 6 | EXHIBITS | 47
SIGNATURES |  | 48

2

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain matters set forth herein (including any exhibits hereto) constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including forward-looking statements relating to the Company’s current business plans and expectations regarding future operating results. Forward-looking statements may include, but are not limited to, the use of forward-looking language, such as “likely result in,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “forecasts,” “projects,” “intends to,” or may include other similar words or phrases, such as “believes,” “plans,” “trend,” “objective,” “continues,” “remains,” or similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs, such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “may,” “might,” “can,” or similar verbs. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those projected. These risks and uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control, include, but are not limited to:
•current and future business, economic and market conditions in the United States generally or in the communities we serve, including the effects of declines in property values and overall slowdowns in economic growth should these events occur;
•inflationary pressures and changes in the interest rate environment that reduce our margins and yields, the fair value of financial instruments or our level of loan originations, or increase the level of defaults, losses and prepayments on loans we have made and make, whether held in the portfolio or in the secondary market;
•effects of and changes in trade, monetary and fiscal policies and laws, including the interest rate policies of the Federal Open Market Committee of the Federal Reserve Board;
•geopolitical and domestic political developments that can increase levels of political and economic unpredictability, contribute to rising energy and commodity prices, and increase the volatility of financial markets;
•changes in the level of nonperforming assets and charge offs and other credit quality measures, and their impact on the adequacy of our allowance for credit losses and our provision for credit losses;
•factors that can impact the performance of our loan portfolio, including real estate values and liquidity in our primary market areas, the financial health of our commercial borrowers, and the success of construction projects that we finance;
•our ability to achieve loan growth and attract deposits in our market area, the impact of the cost of deposits and our ability to retain deposits;
•liquidity issues, including fluctuations in the fair value and liquidity of the securities we hold for sale and our ability to raise additional capital, if necessary;
•continued or increasing competition from other financial institutions, credit unions, and non-bank financial services companies, many of which are subject to different regulations than we are;
•challenges arising from unsuccessful attempts to expand into new geographic markets, products, or services;
•restraints on the ability of Community West Bank to pay dividends to us, which could limit our liquidity;
•increased capital requirements imposed by banking regulators, which may require us to raise capital at a time when capital is not available on favorable terms or at all;
•inaccuracies in our assumptions about future events, which could result in material differences between our financial projections and actual financial performance;
•changes in our management personnel or our inability to retain, motivate and hire qualified management personnel;
•disruptions, security breaches, or other adverse events, failures or interruptions in, or attacks on, our information technology systems;
•disruptions, security breaches, or other adverse events affecting the third-party vendors who perform several of our critical processing functions;
•an inability to keep pace with the rate of technological advances due to a lack of resources to invest in new technologies;
•risks related to the merger with Community West Bancshares, including, among others; the expected business expansion may be less successful as projected; the integration of each party’s management, personnel and operations may not be successfully achieved or may be materially delayed or may be more costly or difficult than expected, deposit attrition, customer or employee loss and/or revenue loss as a result of the announcement of the proposed merger, and expenses related to the proposed merger may be greater than expected;
•natural disasters, such as earthquakes, drought, pandemic diseases (such as the coronavirus) or extreme weather events, any of which may affect services we use or affect our customers, employees or third parties with which we conduct business;
•compliance with governmental and regulatory requirements, relating to banking, consumer protection, securities and tax matters; and
•our ability to the manage the foregoing.
The foregoing factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read together with the other cautionary statements included in this report. Because of these risks and other uncertainties, our actual future results, performance or achievement, or industry results, may be materially different from the results indicated by the forward looking statements in this report. In addition, our past results of operations are not necessarily indicative of our future results. You should not rely on any forward
3

looking statements, which represent our beliefs, assumptions and estimates only as of the dates on which they were made, as predictions of future events. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we do not undertake any obligation to update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise. Further information on other factors that could affect the financial results of the Company are included in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and in the Company’s other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These documents are available free of charge at the SEC website at http://www.sec.gov.
4

PART 1: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share amounts) |  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
ASSETS |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | $ | 25,068 |  |  | $ | 30,017 |
Interest-earning deposits in other banks |  | 35,891 |  |  | 23,711 |
Total cash and cash equivalents |  | 60,959 |  |  | 53,728 |
Available-for-sale debt securities, at fair value, net of allowance for credit losses of $0, with an amortized cost of $643,525 at March 31, 2024 and $669,646 at December 31, 2023 |  | 573,534 |  |  | 597,196 |
Held-to-maturity debt securities, at amortized cost less allowance for credit losses of $894 at March 31, 2024 and $1,051 at December 31, 2023 |  | 302,512 |  |  | 302,442 |
Equity securities, at fair value |  | 6,579 |  |  | 6,649 |
Loans, less allowance for credit losses of $14,658 at March 31, 2024 and $14,653 at December 31, 2023 |  | 1,271,951 |  |  | 1,276,144 |
Bank premises and equipment, net |  | 14,102 |  |  | 14,042 |
Bank-owned life insurance |  | 41,848 |  |  | 41,572 |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock |  | 7,136 |  |  | 7,136 |
Goodwill |  | 53,777 |  |  | 53,777 |
Accrued interest receivable and other assets |  | 83,226 |  |  | 80,740 |
Total assets |  | $ | 2,415,624 |  |  | $ | 2,433,426 |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |
Non-interest bearing |  | $ | 911,176 |  |  | $ | 951,541 |
Interest bearing |  | 1,120,073 |  |  | 1,090,071 |
Total deposits |  | 2,031,249 |  |  | 2,041,612 |
Short-term borrowings |  | 67,000 |  |  | 80,000 |
Senior debt and subordinated debentures, less debt issuance costs of $375 at March 31, 2024 and $411 at December 31, 2023 |  | 69,780 |  |  | 69,744 |
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities |  | 35,878 |  |  | 35,006 |
Total liabilities |  | 2,203,907 |  |  | 2,226,362 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 8) |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity: |  |  |  |
Preferred stock, no par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding |  | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, no par value; 80,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding: 11,831,994 at March 31, 2024 and 11,818,039 at December 31, 2023 |  | 62,801 |  |  | 62,550 |
Retained earnings |  | 212,805 |  |  | 210,548 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  | (63,889) |  |  | (66,034) |
Total shareholders’ equity |  | 211,717 |  |  | 207,064 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 2,415,624 |  |  | $ | 2,433,426 |

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
5

COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(In thousands, except share and per-share amounts) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
INTEREST INCOME: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and fees on loans |  | $ | 18,299 |  |  | $ | 16,777 |  |  |  |  |
Interest on deposits in other banks |  | 432 |  |  | 75 |  |  |  |  |
Interest and dividends on investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable |  | 5,500 |  |  | 5,886 |  |  |  |  |
Exempt from Federal income taxes |  | 1,396 |  |  | 1,405 |  |  |  |  |
Total interest income |  | 25,627 |  |  | 24,143 |  |  |  |  |
INTEREST EXPENSE: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest on deposits |  | 5,018 |  |  | 1,004 |  |  |  |  |
Interest on short-term borrowings |  | 621 |  |  | 661 |  |  |  |  |
Interest on senior debt and subordinated debentures |  | 915 |  |  | 897 |  |  |  |  |
Total interest expense |  | 6,554 |  |  | 2,562 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income before provision for credit losses |  | 19,073 |  |  | 21,581 |  |  |  |  |
PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES |  | 575 |  |  | 633 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income after provision for credit losses |  | 18,498 |  |  | 20,948 |  |  |  |  |
NON-INTEREST INCOME: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service charges |  | 384 |  |  | 387 |  |  |  |  |
Net realized losses on sales and calls of investment securities |  | (373) |  |  | (219) |  |  |  |  |
Other income |  | 1,625 |  |  | 1,407 |  |  |  |  |
Total non-interest income |  | 1,636 |  |  | 1,575 |  |  |  |  |
NON-INTEREST EXPENSES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits |  | 8,638 |  |  | 8,034 |  |  |  |  |
Occupancy and equipment |  | 1,543 |  |  | 1,258 |  |  |  |  |
Other |  | 5,152 |  |  | 3,913 |  |  |  |  |
Total non-interest expenses |  | 15,333 |  |  | 13,205 |  |  |  |  |
Income before provision for income taxes |  | 4,801 |  |  | 9,318 |  |  |  |  |
Provision for income taxes |  | 1,125 |  |  | 2,348 |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 3,676 |  |  | $ | 6,970 |  |  |  |  |
Earnings per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per share |  | $ | 0.31 |  |  | $ | 0.60 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares used in basic computation |  | 11,750,528 |  |  | 11,703,813 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted earnings per share |  | $ | 0.31 |  |  | $ | 0.59 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares used in diluted computation |  | 11,790,231 |  |  | 11,731,135 |  |  |  |  |
Cash dividend per common share |  | $ | 0.12 |  |  | $ | 0.12 |  |  |  |  |

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
6

COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(In thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 3,676 |  |  | $ | 6,970 |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gains on securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period |  | 2,086 |  |  | 6,433 |  |  |  |  |
Reclassification of net losses included in net income |  | 373 |  |  | 219 |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of net unrealized losses transferred |  | 586 |  |  | 627 |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income, before tax |  | 3,045 |  |  | 7,279 |  |  |  |  |
Tax effect |  | (900) |  |  | (2,153) |  |  |  |  |
Total other comprehensive income |  | 2,145 |  |  | 5,126 |  |  |  |  |
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 5,821 |  |  | $ | 12,096 |  |  |  |  |

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
7

COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2024 AND 2023
(Unaudited)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Net of Taxes) |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Common Stock |  | Retained Earnings |
(In thousands, except share amounts) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |
Balance, December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,735,291 |  |  | $ | 61,487 |  |  | $ | 194,400 |  |  | $ | (81,227) |  |  | 174,660 |
Implementation of ASU 2016-13, Current Expected Credit Loss (CECL) Day 1 Adjustment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,731) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,731) |
Adjusted Balance, January 1, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,735,291 |  |  | $ | 61,487 |  |  | $ | 190,669 |  |  | $ | (81,227) |  |  | $ | 170,929 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,970 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,970 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,126 |  |  | 5,126 |
Stock issued under employee stock purchase plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,143 |  |  | 76 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 76 |
Stock awarded to employees |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10,347 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Restricted stock granted net of forfeitures |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,157 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 361 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 361 |
Cash dividend |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,410) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,410) |
Balance, March 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,754,938 |  |  | $ | 61,924 |  |  | $ | 196,229 |  |  | $ | (76,101) |  |  | $ | 182,052 |
Balance, December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,818,039 |  |  | $ | 62,550 |  |  | $ | 210,548 |  |  | $ | (66,034) |  |  | $ | 207,064 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,676 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,676 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,145 |  |  | 2,145 |
Stock issued under employee stock purchase plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,380 |  |  | 70 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 70 |
Restricted stock granted net of forfeitures |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9,275 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Stock awarded to employees |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 300 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 181 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 181 |
Cash dividend |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,419) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,419) |
Balance, March 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,831,994 |  |  | $ | 62,801 |  |  | $ | 212,805 |  |  | $ | (63,889) |  |  | $ | 211,717 |

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
8

CENTRAL VALLEY COMMUNITY BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)

|  | For the Three Month Ended March 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 3,676 |  |  | $ | 6,970 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |
Net increase in deferred loan fees |  | (378) |  |  | (56) |
Depreciation |  | 381 |  |  | 158 |
Accretion |  | (443) |  |  | (515) |
Amortization |  | 1,302 |  |  | 2,306 |
Stock-based compensation |  | 181 |  |  | 361 |
Provision for credit losses |  | 575 |  |  | 633 |
Net realized losses on sales and calls of available-for-sale investment securities |  | 373 |  |  | 219 |
Net change in equity securities |  | 70 |  |  | (105) |
Increase in bank-owned life insurance, net of expenses |  | (275) |  |  | (249) |
Net decrease in accrued interest receivable and other assets |  | (2,982) |  |  | (2,509) |
Net increase in accrued interest payable and other liabilities |  | 670 |  |  | 3,030 |
Provision for deferred income taxes |  | 832 |  |  | 289 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 3,982 |  |  | 10,532 |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |
Proceeds from sales or calls of available-for-sale investment securities |  | 5,700 |  |  | 12,066 |
Proceeds from maturity and principal repayments of available-for-sale investment securities |  | 18,731 |  |  | 10,355 |
Proceeds from maturity and principal repayments of held-to-maturity investment securities |  | 268 |  |  | 798 |
Net decrease (increase) in loans |  | 3,702 |  |  | (29,212) |
Purchases of premises and equipment |  | (441) |  |  | (210) |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |  | 27,960 |  |  | (6,203) |
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |
Net decrease in demand, interest bearing and savings deposits |  | (22,424) |  |  | (69,013) |
Net increase in time deposits |  | 12,062 |  |  | 145,110 |
Proceeds from short-term borrowings from Federal Home Loan Bank |  | 331,000 |  |  | 3,346,500 |
Repayments of short-term borrowings to Federal Home Loan Bank |  | (344,000) |  |  | (3,392,500) |
Proceeds from stock issued under employee stock purchase plan |  | 70 |  |  | 76 |
Cash dividend payments on common stock |  | (1,419) |  |  | (1,410) |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities |  | (24,711) |  |  | 28,763 |
Increase in cash and cash equivalents |  | 7,231 |  |  | 33,092 |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD |  | 53,728 |  |  | 31,170 |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD |  | $ | 60,959 |  |  | $ | 64,262 |

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
9

|  | For the Three Month Ended March 31,
(In thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION: |  |  |  |
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |  |
Interest |  | $ | 5,788 |  |  | $ | 2,730 |
Income taxes |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Operating cash flows from operating leases |  | $ | 577 |  |  | $ | 589 |
Non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |  |
Unrealized gain on securities available for sale |  | $ | 2,459 |  |  | $ | 6,652 |

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
10

COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2024
(Unaudited)
Note 1.
Description of Business and Basis of Presentation
The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Community West Bancshares and subsidiary have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC). These interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Community West Bancshares and its wholly owned subsidiary Community West Bank (the Bank) (collectively, the Company). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) have been omitted. The Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. These interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s 2023 Annual Report to Shareholders on Form 10-K. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position at March 31, 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the three month interim periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 have been included. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year.
In accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 855, “Subsequent Events,” the Company’s management has evaluated subsequent events for potential recognition or disclosure through the date of the issuance of these condensed consolidated financial statements. On April 1, 2024, the Company, formerly named Central Valley Community Bancorp, completed the acquisition of Community West Bancshares. Refer to Note 2 - Business Combinations for further discussion of this transaction.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
The preparation of these interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Segment and Significant Group Concentration of Credit Risk
Management has determined that since all of the banking products and services offered by the Company are available in each branch of the Bank, all branches are located within the same economic environment, and management does not allocate resources based on the performance of different lending or transaction activities, it is appropriate to aggregate the Bank branches and report them as a single operating segment. No customer accounts for more than 10 percent of revenues for the Company or the Bank.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year financial statements to conform to the classifications used in 2024. None of the reclassifications had an impact on equity or net income.
Recently Issued or Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This ASU was issued to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The adoption of this accounting guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements but will result in the expansion of the income tax disclosures.
FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting: Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This ASU was issued to address stakeholder requests for more detailed information about expenses within each reportable segment and address disclosure requirements there within. The amendments retain existing disclosure requirements, and expand upon them for both interim and annual reporting periods. In addition, entities with a single reportable segment must now provide all segment disclosures required, including the new disclosure requirements. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The adoption of this accounting
11

guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements but will result in inclusion of certain segment reporting requirements not previously required.
Note 2. Business Combinations
Effective on April 1, 2024, Central Valley Community Bancorp (“Central Valley”) completed its merger transaction with Community West Bancshares (“Community West”). Shortly thereafter Community West Bank (“CWB”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Community West, merged with and into Central Valley Community Bank (“CVCB”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Central Valley, with CVCB being the surviving banking institution. Effective with these mergers, the corporate name of Central Valley and CVCB were changed to Community West Bancshares and Community West Bank, respectively.
Pursuant to the terms of the merger, holders of Community West common stock had the right to receive 0.79 of a share of common stock of Central Valley for each share of Community West common stock held immediately prior to the effective time of the mergers, with cash to be paid in lieu of any fractional shares of common stock of Central Valley. As a result of the mergers, Central Valley issued approximately 7,038,220 shares of Central Valley common stock. The financial condition and results of operation of the combined companies will begin to be reported in the 2024 second quarter results.
The acquisition improves the Company’s footprint in Central California, expanding to the Central Coast. The acquisition diversifies its commercial banking business, adds additional revenue enhancing products, improves the Bank’s loan to deposit ratio, and creates operational efficiencies.
Immediately subsequent to the mergers, the newly combined company, had total assets of approximately $3.5 billion. Immediately prior to the merger on March 31, 2024, Community West had loans of approximately $973 million, deposits of approximately $848 million, borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco (FHLB) of $90 million, and total assets of approximately $1.1 billion. These amounts are subject to change as the Company is in the process of determining the fair value of Community West assets and liabilities acquired in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The Company anticipates recording goodwill and core deposit intangibles with this acquisition. Merger-related expenses of $383,000, are reflected in non-interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
The Company will file an amended Form 8-K on or before June 17, 2024 that will include financial statements for Community West and combined pro forma financial information for the Company and Community West as if the merger was effective as of March 31, 2024 for the balance sheet and January 1, 2023 for the statements of income. The pro forma financial information will reflect various adjustments required by applicable acquisition accounting rules.
The acquisition of Community West will be accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC Topic 805. Assets acquired, liabilities assumed and consideration exchanged will be recorded at their respective acquisition date fair values. Determining the fair value of assets and liabilities involves significant judgment regarding methods and assumptions used to calculate estimated fair values. Fair values are subject to refinement for up to one year after the closing date of the acquisition as additional information regarding the closing date fair values become available. The fair value of the acquired assets and liabilities is in process.
Note 3. Investments
The following table summarizes the amortized cost and fair value of securities available-for-sale and securities held-to-maturity at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 and the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and gross unrealized gains and losses (in thousands):
12

|  | March 31, 2024 |
Available-for-Sale Securities |  | Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Estimated Fair Value | Allowance for Credit Losses |
Debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities |  | $ | 9,990 |  | $ | — |  | $ | (1,112) |  | $ | 8,878 |  | $ | — |  |
U.S. Government agencies |  | 100 |  | — |  | (8) |  | 92 |  | — |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | 197,311 |  | — |  | (18,906) |  | 178,405 |  | — |  |
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies collateralized by residential mortgage obligations |  | 86,205 |  | 4 |  | (5,411) |  | 80,798 |  | — |  |
Private label mortgage and asset backed securities |  | 349,919 |  | 7 |  | (44,565) |  | 305,361 |  | — |  |
Total available-for-sale |  | $ | 643,525 |  | $ | 11 |  | $ | (70,002) |  | $ | 573,534 |  | $ | — |  |
|  | March 31, 2024 |
Held-to-Maturity Securities |  | Amortized Cost | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses | Estimated Fair Value | Allowance for Credit Losses |
Debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | $ | 192,099 |  | $ | 70 |  | $ | (15,964) |  | $ | 176,205 |  | $ | 14 |  |
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies collateralized by residential mortgage obligations |  | 10,841 |  | — |  | (2,010) |  | 8,831 |  | — |  |
Private label mortgage and asset backed securities |  | 54,354 |  | — |  | (5,738) |  | 48,616 |  | 11 |  |
Corporate debt securities |  | 46,112 |  | — |  | (4,871) |  | 41,241 |  | 869 |  |
Total held-to-maturity |  | $ | 303,406 |  | $ | 70 |  | $ | (28,583) |  | $ | 274,893 |  | $ | 894 |  |

|  | December 31, 2023
Available-for-Sale Securities |  | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Allowance for Credit Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
Debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities |  | $ | 9,990 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1,036) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,954 |
U.S. Government agencies |  | 102 |  |  | — |  |  | (7) |  |  | — |  |  | 95 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | 198,070 |  |  | — |  |  | (17,848) |  |  | — |  |  | 180,222 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies collateralized by residential mortgage obligations |  | 88,874 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (5,525) |  |  | — |  |  | 83,352 |
Private label mortgage and asset backed securities |  | 372,610 |  |  | 10 |  |  | (48,047) |  |  | — |  |  | 324,573 |
Total available-for-sale |  | $ | 669,646 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | (72,463) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 597,196 |

|  | December 31, 2023
Held-to-Maturity Securities |  | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value | Allowance for Credit Losses
Debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | 192,070 |  |  | 70 |  |  | (14,188) |  |  | $ | 177,952 |  | $ | 20 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies collateralized by residential mortgage obligations |  | 10,758 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,692) |  |  | 9,066 |  | — |
Private label mortgage and asset backed securities |  | 54,579 |  |  | — |  |  | (5,944) |  |  | 48,635 |  | 11 |
Corporate debt securities |  | 46,086 |  |  | — |  |  | (4,736) |  |  | 41,350 |  | 1,020 |
Total held-to-maturity |  | $ | 303,493 |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | (26,560) |  |  | $ | 277,003 |  | $ | 1,051 |

13

Proceeds and gross realized gains (losses) from the sales or calls of available-for-sale investment securities for the periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 are shown below (in thousands):

|  |  |  | For the Three Month Ended March 31,
Available-for-Sale Securities |  |  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Proceeds from sales or calls |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,700 |  |  | $ | 12,066 |
Gross realized gains from sales or calls |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Gross realized losses from sales or calls |  |  |  |  |  | (373) |  |  | (219) |

The provision for income taxes includes a $110,000 and $65,000 income tax benefit from security sales for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of available-for-sale and held-to maturity investment securities at March 31, 2024 by contractual maturity is shown below (in thousands). Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because the issuers of the securities may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date are shown separately.

|  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Available-for-Sale Securities |  | Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value
Within one year |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
After one year through five years |  | 15,662 |  |  | 13,754 |  |  | 9,992 |  |  | 8,954 |
After five years through ten years |  | 34,482 |  |  | 30,340 |  |  | 40,264 |  |  | 35,379 |
After ten years |  | 157,157 |  |  | 143,189 |  |  | 157,804 |  |  | 144,843 |
|  | 207,301 |  |  | 187,283 |  |  | 208,060 |  |  | 189,176 |
Investment securities not due at a single maturity date: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government agencies |  | 100 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 95 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies collateralized by residential mortgage obligations |  | 86,205 |  |  | 80,798 |  |  | 88,874 |  |  | 83,352 |
Private label mortgage and asset backed securities |  | 349,919 |  |  | 305,361 |  |  | 372,610 |  |  | 324,573 |
Total available-for-sale |  | $ | 643,525 |  |  | $ | 573,534 |  |  | $ | 669,646 |  |  | $ | 597,196 |

|  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Held-to-Maturity Securities |  | Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value
Within one year |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
After one year through five years |  | 8,492 |  |  | 8,142 |  |  | 8,463 |  |  | 8,136 |
After five years through ten years |  | 74,868 |  |  | 68,489 |  |  | 74,746 |  |  | 68,552 |
After ten years |  | 108,739 |  |  | 99,574 |  |  | 108,861 |  |  | 101,264 |
|  | 192,099 |  |  | 176,205 |  |  | 192,070 |  |  | 177,952 |
Investment securities not due at a single maturity date: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies collateralized by residential mortgage obligations |  | 10,841 |  |  | 8,831 |  |  | 10,758 |  |  | 9,066 |
Private label mortgage and asset backed securities |  | 54,354 |  |  | 48,616 |  |  | 54,579 |  |  | 48,635 |
Corporate debt securities |  | 46,112 |  |  | 41,241 |  |  | 46,086 |  |  | 41,350 |
Total held-to-maturity |  | $ | 303,406 |  |  | $ | 274,893 |  |  | $ | 303,493 |  |  | $ | 277,003 |

14

At March 31, 2024 there were five issuers of private label mortgage securities in which the Company had holdings of securities in amounts greater than 10% of shareholders’ equity. Investments with these issuers were in senior tranches and/or were rated “AAA” or higher and there were no credit issues identified.
The following table summarizes the Company’s AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded, aggregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position (in thousands):

|  | March 31, 2024
|  | Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or More |  | Total
|  | Fair |  | Unrealized |  | Fair |  | Unrealized |  | Fair |  | Unrealized
Available-for-Sale Securities |  | Value |  | Losses |  | Value |  | Losses |  | Value |  | Losses
Debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,878 |  |  | $ | (1,112) |  |  | $ | 8,878 |  |  | $ | (1,112) |
U.S. Government agencies |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 92 |  |  | (8) |  |  | 92 |  |  | (8) |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 178,405 |  |  | (18,906) |  |  | 178,405 |  |  | (18,906) |
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies collateralized by residential mortgage obligations |  | 375 |  |  | (7) |  |  | 80,225 |  |  | (5,404) |  |  | 80,600 |  |  | (5,411) |
Private label mortgage and asset backed securities |  | 856 |  |  | (8) |  |  | 304,451 |  |  | (44,557) |  |  | 305,307 |  |  | (44,565) |
Total available-for-sale |  | $ | 1,231 |  |  | $ | (15) |  |  | $ | 572,051 |  |  | $ | (69,987) |  |  | $ | 573,282 |  |  | $ | (70,002) |

|  | December 31, 2023
|  | Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or More |  | Total
|  | Fair |  | Unrealized |  | Fair |  | Unrealized |  | Fair |  | Unrealized
Available-for-Sale Securities |  | Value |  | Losses |  | Value |  | Losses |  | Value |  | Losses
Debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,954 |  |  | $ | (1,036) |  |  | $ | 8,954 |  |  | $ | (1,036) |
U.S. Government agencies |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 95 |  |  | (7) |  |  | 95 |  |  | (7) |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 180,222 |  |  | (17,848) |  |  | 180,222 |  |  | (17,848) |
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies collateralized by residential mortgage obligations |  | 392 |  |  | (3) |  |  | 82,760 |  |  | (5,522) |  |  | 83,152 |  |  | (5,525) |
Private label mortgage and asset backed securities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 323,655 |  |  | (48,047) |  |  | 323,655 |  |  | (48,047) |
Total available-for-sale |  | $ | 392 |  |  | $ | (3) |  |  | $ | 595,686 |  |  | $ | (72,460) |  |  | $ | 596,078 |  |  | $ | (72,463) |

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had a total of 173 AFS debt securities in a gross unrealized loss position with no credit impairment, consisting of 6 U.S. Treasury securities and U.S. Government agencies, 43 obligations of states and political subdivisions, 48 U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies collateralized by residential mortgage obligations, and 76 private label mortgage and asset backed securities.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Available-for-Sale Debt Securities
Each reporting period, the Company assesses each AFS debt security that is in an unrealized loss position to determine whether the decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis results from a credit loss or other factors. The Company did not record an ACL on any available for sale securities at March 31, 2024. As of that date, the Company considers the unrealized losses across the classes of major security-type to be related to fluctuations in market conditions, primarily interest rates, and not reflective of a deterioration in credit value. As of March 31, 2024, the Company determined that it is not more likely than not that there is an intention to sell securities or that the Company would be required to sell securities.
The gross unrealized losses presented in the preceding tables were primarily attributable to interest rate increases and liquidity and were mainly comprised of the following:
15

•Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions: The unrealized losses on investments in obligations of states and political subdivisions are caused by increases in required yields by investors in these types of securities. It is expected that the securities would not be settled at a price less than the amortized cost of the investment.
•U.S. Treasury and Government Sponsored Entities and Agencies Collateralized by Residential Mortgage Obligations: The unrealized losses on the Company’s investments in U.S. treasuries and government sponsored entities and agencies collateralized by residential mortgage obligations were caused by interest rate changes. The contractual cash flows of those investments are guaranteed or supported by an agency or sponsored entity of the U.S. Government. Accordingly, it is expected that the securities would not be settled at a price less than the amortized cost of the Company’s investment.
•Private Label Mortgage and Asset Backed Securities: The Company has invested exclusively in AA and AAA tranches of various private label mortgage and asset backed securities. Each purchase is subject to a credit and structure review prior to their purchase. Ratings are reviewed on a quarterly basis in addition to other metrics provided through third-party services. Following review of the financial metrics and ratings, management concluded that the unrealized loss position of the private label mortgage and asset backed securities related exclusively to the fluctuation in market conditions and were not reflective of any credit concerns with the tranches comprising the Company’s investments.
No allowance for credit losses have been recognized on AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position, as management does not believe that any of the securities are impaired due to credit risk factors as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities
The Company separately evaluates its HTM debt securities for any credit losses based on probability of default and loss given default utilizing historical industry data based on investment category, while also considering reasonable and supportable forecasts. The probability of default and loss given default are incorporated into the present value of expected cash flows and compared against amortized cost.
The allowance for credit losses on HTM securities was $894,000 at March 31, 2024. The allowance for credit losses on HTM securities is driven by economic scenarios, estimated probabilities of default and loss given default. Economic scenarios are updated quarterly.
The following table shows the summary of activities for the allowance for credit losses related to held-to-maturity debt securities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
Debt Securities Held-to-Maturity |  | 2024 | 2023 |  |  |  |
Beginning ACL balance |  | $ | 1,051 |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |
Impact of adoption of ASU 2016-13 |  | — |  | 776 |  |  |  |  |
Credit to credit losses |  | (157) |  | (92) |  |  |  |  |
Total Ending ACL balance |  | $ | 894 |  | $ | 684 |  |  |  |  |

During the three month period ended March 31, 2024, the credit to credit losses for held-to-maturity securities was primarily driven by improving economic scenarios and improvements in the probabilities of loss given default. Management believes that the allowance for credit losses for held-to-maturity securities at March 31, 2024 appropriately reflected expected credit losses at that date.
The Company monitors credit quality of debt securities held-to-maturity through the use of credit ratings. The Company monitors the credit ratings on a quarterly basis. For non-rated investment securities, management receives quarterly performance updates to monitor for any credit concerns. There were no HTM securities on nonaccrual or past due over 89 days and still on accrual. The following table summarizes the amortized cost of debt securities held-to-maturity at the dates indicated, aggregated by credit quality indicator. U.S. Government sponsored agencies are not included in the below tables as credit ratings are not applicable.
16

|  | March 31, 2024 |  |
Debt Securities Held-to-Maturity (in thousands) |  | AAA/AA/A | BBB | Unrated |  |  |  |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | $ | 192,099 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |
Private label mortgage and asset backed securities |  | 46,316 |  | — |  | 8,038 |  |  |  |  |
Corporate debt securities |  | — |  | 30,182 |  | 15,930 |  |  |  |  |
Total debt securities held-to-maturity |  | $ | 238,415 |  | $ | 30,182 |  | $ | 23,968 |  |  |  |  |

Note 4. Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
The majority of the disclosures in this footnote are prepared at the class level, which is equivalent to the call report or call code classification. The roll forward of the allowance for credit losses is presented at the portfolio segment level. Accrued interest receivable on loans of $4,752,000 and $4,512,000 at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 respectively is not included in the loan tables below and is included in other assets on the Company’s balance sheets. Outstanding loans are summarized by class as follows:

Loan Type (Dollars in thousands) |  | March 31, 2024 |  |  |  | December 31, 2023 |  |
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 86,918 |  |  |  |  | $ | 105,466 |  |  |
Agricultural production |  | 24,982 |  |  |  |  | 33,556 |  |  |
Total commercial |  | 111,900 |  |  |  |  | 139,022 |  |  |
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction & other land loans |  | 28,350 |  |  |  |  | 33,472 |  |  |
Commercial real estate - owner occupied |  | 209,777 |  |  |  |  | 215,146 |  |  |
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied |  | 560,492 |  |  |  |  | 539,522 |  |  |
Farmland |  | 117,015 |  |  |  |  | 120,674 |  |  |
Multi-family residential |  | 61,993 |  |  |  |  | 61,307 |  |  |
1-4 family - close-ended |  | 95,575 |  |  |  |  | 96,558 |  |  |
1-4 family - revolving |  | 29,442 |  |  |  |  | 27,648 |  |  |
Total real estate |  | 1,102,644 |  |  |  |  | 1,094,327 |  |  |
Consumer |  | 69,886 |  |  |  |  | 55,606 |  |  |
Total gross loans |  | 1,284,430 |  |  |  |  | 1,288,955 |  |  |
Net deferred origination costs |  | 2,179 |  |  |  |  | 1,842 |  |  |
Loans, net of deferred origination costs |  | 1,286,609 |  |  |  |  | 1,290,797 |  |  |
Allowance for credit losses |  | (14,658) |  |  |  |  | (14,653) |  |  |
Total loans, net |  | $ | 1,271,951 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,276,144 |  |  |

At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, loans originated under Small Business Administration (SBA) programs totaling $17,435,000 and $18,246,000, respectively, were included in the real estate and commercial categories, of which, $13,343,000 or 77% and $13,955,000 or 76%, respectively, are secured by government guarantees.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
The measurement of the allowance for credit losses on collectively evaluated loans is based on modeled expectations of lifetime expected credit losses utilizing national and local peer group historical losses, weighting of economic scenarios, and other relevant factors. The Company incorporates forward-looking information using macroeconomic scenarios, which include variables that are considered key drivers of credit losses within the portfolio. The Company uses a probability-weighted, multiple scenario forecast approach. These scenarios may consist of a base forecast representing the most likely outcome, combined with downside or upside scenarios reflecting possible worsening or improving economic conditions.
When a loan no longer shares similar risk characteristics with other loans, such as in the case of certain nonaccrual loans, the Company estimates the allowance for credit losses on an individual loan basis. There were no loans on nonaccrual or individually evaluated as of March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.
17

The following table shows the summary of activities for the allowance for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 by portfolio segment (in thousands):

|  | Commercial |  | Commercial Real Estate |  | 1-4 Family Real Estate |  | Consumer |  |  |  | Total
Allowance for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance, January 1, 2024 |  | $ | 1,475 |  |  | $ | 9,792 |  |  | $ | 2,435 |  |  | $ | 951 |  |  |  |  | $ | 14,653 |
Provision (credit) for credit losses (1) |  | 9 |  |  | 474 |  |  | (246) |  |  | 293 |  |  |  |  | 530 |
Charge-offs |  | (507) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (68) |  |  |  |  | (575) |
Recoveries |  | — |  |  | 24 |  |  | — |  |  | 26 |  |  |  |  | 50 |
Ending balance, March 31, 2024 |  | $ | 977 |  |  | $ | 10,290 |  |  | $ | 2,189 |  |  | $ | 1,202 |  |  |  |  | $ | 14,658 |

(1) Represents credit losses for loans only. The provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income of $575 includes a $(157) credit for held-to-maturity securities and a $202 provision for unfunded loan commitments.

|  | Commercial |  | Commercial Real Estate |  | 1-4 Family Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Unallocated |  | Total
Allowance for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance, January 1, 2023 prior to adoption of ASU 2016-13 (CECL) |  | $ | 1,814 |  |  | $ | 7,803 |  |  | $ | 607 |  |  | $ | 284 |  |  | $ | 340 |  |  | $ | 10,848 |
Impact of adoption of ASU 2016-13 |  | 454 |  |  | 1,693 |  |  | 1,614 |  |  | 489 |  |  | (340) |  |  | 3,910 |
(Credit) provision for credit losses (1) |  | (240) |  |  | 569 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 125 |  |  | — |  |  | 518 |
Charge-offs |  | (322) |  | 0 | — |  |  | — |  |  | (32) |  |  | — |  |  | (354) |
Recoveries |  | 322 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | 335 |
Ending balance, March 31, 2023 |  | $ | 2,028 |  |  | $ | 10,065 |  |  | $ | 2,285 |  |  | $ | 879 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,257 |

(1) Represents credit losses for loans only. The provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income of $633 includes a $(92) credit for held-to-maturity securities and a $207 provision for unfunded loan commitments.
During the three month period ended March 31, 2024, the provision for credit losses was primarily driven by loan growth and net charge-off activity. Management believes that the allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2024 appropriately reflected expected credit losses in the loan portfolio at that date.
The following table shows the loan portfolio by class, net of deferred costs, allocated by management’s internal risk ratings for the period indicated (in thousands):

| Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year As of March 31, 2024 |  |  |  |
| 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | Prior | Revolving Loans | Revolving Converted to Term | Total |
Commercial and industrial |
Pass/Watch | $ | 6,847 |  | $ | 13,049 |  | $ | 16,576 |  | $ | 15,760 |  | $ | 4,591 |  | $ | 7,701 |  | $ | 20,931 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 85,455 |  |
Special mention | — |  | — |  | 260 |  | — |  | — |  | 267 |  | 1,150 |  | — |  | 1,677 |  |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 121 |  | — |  | — |  | 121 |  |
Total | $ | 6,847 |  | $ | 13,049 |  | $ | 16,836 |  | $ | 15,760 |  | $ | 4,591 |  | $ | 8,089 |  | $ | 22,081 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 87,253 |  |
Current period gross write-offs | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |
Agricultural production |
Pass/Watch | $ | — |  | $ | 202 |  | $ | 21 |  | $ | 12 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 241 |  | $ | 24,224 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 24,700 |  |
Special mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 300 |  | — |  | 300 |  |
Total | $ | — |  | $ | 202 |  | $ | 21 |  | $ | 12 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 241 |  | $ | 24,524 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 25,000 |  |
Current period gross write-offs | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 507 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 507 |  |

18

Construction & other land loans |
Pass/Watch | $ | 122 |  | $ | 8,421 |  | $ | 12,658 |  | $ | 1,636 |  | $ | 701 |  | $ | 3,186 |  | $ | 1,432 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 28,156 |  |
Special mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |
Total | $ | 122 |  | $ | 8,421 |  | $ | 12,658 |  | $ | 1,636 |  | $ | 701 |  | $ | 3,186 |  | $ | 1,432 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 28,156 |  |
Current period gross write-offs | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |
Commercial real estate - owner occupied |
Pass/Watch | $ | 9,976 |  | $ | 18,594 |  | $ | 24,851 |  | $ | 20,602 |  | $ | 27,074 |  | $ | 99,863 |  | $ | 2,884 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 203,844 |  |
Special mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 3,008 |  | — |  | — |  | 3,008 |  |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2,812 |  | — |  | — |  | 2,812 |  |
Total | $ | 9,976 |  | $ | 18,594 |  | $ | 24,851 |  | $ | 20,602 |  | $ | 27,074 |  | $ | 105,683 |  | $ | 2,884 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 209,664 |  |
Current period gross write-offs | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied |
Pass/Watch | $ | 20,796 |  | $ | 83,043 |  | $ | 117,220 |  | $ | 76,818 |  | $ | 49,885 |  | $ | 178,888 |  | $ | 18,467 |  | $ | 125 |  | $ | 545,242 |  |
Special mention | — |  | — |  | 597 |  | — |  | — |  | 313 |  | — |  | — |  | 910 |  |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 13,617 |  | — |  | — |  | 13,617 |  |
Total | $ | 20,796 |  | $ | 83,043 |  | $ | 117,817 |  | $ | 76,818 |  | $ | 49,885 |  | $ | 192,818 |  | $ | 18,467 |  | $ | 125 |  | $ | 559,769 |  |
Current period gross write-offs | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |
Farmland |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass/Watch | $ | 700 |  | $ | 8,428 |  | $ | 24,321 |  | $ | 12,520 |  | $ | 29,067 |  | $ | 32,358 |  | $ | 4,596 |  | $ | 2,962 |  | $ | 114,952 |  |
Special mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2,029 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2,029 |  |
Total | $ | 700 |  | $ | 8,428 |  | $ | 24,321 |  | $ | 12,520 |  | $ | 31,096 |  | $ | 32,358 |  | $ | 4,596 |  | $ | 2,962 |  | $ | 116,981 |  |
Current period gross write-offs | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |
Multi-family residential |
Pass/Watch | $ | 819 |  | $ | 2,983 |  | $ | 1,836 |  | $ | 38,580 |  | $ | 2,347 |  | $ | 14,829 |  | $ | 621 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 62,015 |  |
Special mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |
Substandard |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |
Total | $ | 819 |  | $ | 2,983 |  | $ | 1,836 |  | $ | 38,580 |  | $ | 2,347 |  | $ | 14,829 |  | $ | 621 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 62,015 |  |
Current period gross write-offs | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |
1-4 family - close-ended |
Pass/Watch | $ | 350 |  | $ | 1,678 |  | $ | 63,038 |  | $ | 7,346 |  | $ | 2,209 |  | $ | 20,226 |  | $ | 10 |  | $ | 809 |  | $ | 95,666 |  |
Special mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |
Total | $ | 350 |  | $ | 1,678 |  | $ | 63,038 |  | $ | 7,346 |  | $ | 2,209 |  | $ | 20,226 |  | $ | 10 |  | $ | 809 |  | $ | 95,666 |  |
Current period gross write-offs | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |
1-4 family - revolving |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

19

Pass/Watch | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 23,616 |  | $ | 6,059 |  | $ | 29,675 |  |
Special mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |
Total | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 23,616 |  | $ | 6,059 |  | $ | 29,675 |  |
Current period gross write-offs | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |
Consumer |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass/Watch | $ | 18,178 |  | $ | 31,241 |  | $ | 7,763 |  | $ | 5,999 |  | $ | 2,090 |  | $ | 6,463 |  | $ | 603 |  | $ | 4 |  | $ | 72,341 |  |
Special mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | 89 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 89 |  |
Total | $ | 18,178 |  | $ | 31,241 |  | $ | 7,763 |  | $ | 6,088 |  | $ | 2,090 |  | $ | 6,463 |  | $ | 603 |  | $ | 4 |  | $ | 72,430 |  |
Current period gross write-offs | $ | 7 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 60 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 68 |  |
Total loans outstanding (risk rating): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass/Watch | $ | 57,788 |  | $ | 167,639 |  | $ | 268,284 |  | $ | 179,273 |  | $ | 117,964 |  | $ | 363,755 |  | $ | 97,384 |  | $ | 9,959 |  | $ | 1,262,046 |  |
Special mention | — |  | — |  | 857 |  | — |  | — |  | 3,588 |  | 1,150 |  | — |  | 5,595 |  |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | 89 |  | 2,029 |  | 16,550 |  | 300 |  | — |  | 18,968 |  |
Grand Total | $ | 57,788 |  | $ | 167,639 |  | $ | 269,141 |  | $ | 179,362 |  | $ | 119,993 |  | $ | 383,893 |  | $ | 98,834 |  | $ | 9,959 |  | $ | 1,286,609 |  |
Current period total gross write-offs | $ | 7 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 567 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 575 |  |

The following table shows the loan portfolio by class, net of deferred costs, allocated by management’s internal risk ratings for the period indicated (in thousands):

| Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year As of December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | Prior | Revolving Loans | Revolving Converted to Term | Total |
Commercial and industrial |
Pass/Watch | $ | 19,886 |  | $ | 17,129 |  | $ | 21,050 |  | $ | 4,643 |  | $ | 1,561 |  | $ | 6,980 |  | $ | 29,391 |  | $ | 215 |  | $ | 100,855 |  |
Special mention | — |  | 277 |  | 139 |  | 183 |  | 107 |  | 272 |  | 3,750 |  | — |  | 4,728 |  |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | 156 |  | — |  | 66 |  | — |  | — |  | 222 |  |
Total | $ | 19,886 |  | $ | 17,406 |  | $ | 21,189 |  | $ | 4,982 |  | $ | 1,668 |  | $ | 7,318 |  | $ | 33,141 |  | $ | 215 |  | $ | 105,805 |  |
Current period gross write-offs | $ | 241 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 323 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 564 |  |
Agricultural production |
Pass/Watch | $ | 153 |  | $ | 830 |  | $ | 14 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 251 |  | $ | 112 |  | $ | 30,241 |  | $ | 999 |  | $ | 32,600 |  |
Special mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |
Substandard | — |  | 676 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 300 |  | — |  | 976 |  |
Total | $ | 153 |  | $ | 1,506 |  | $ | 14 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 251 |  | $ | 112 |  | $ | 30,541 |  | $ | 999 |  | $ | 33,576 |  |
Current period gross write-offs | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |
Construction & other land loans |
Pass/Watch | $ | 6,953 |  | $ | 15,593 |  | $ | 1,305 |  | $ | 701 |  | $ | 1,538 |  | $ | 3,039 |  | $ | 4,167 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 33,296 |  |
Special mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |

20

Total | $ | 6,953 |  | $ | 15,593 |  | $ | 1,305 |  | $ | 701 |  | $ | 1,538 |  | $ | 3,039 |  | $ | 4,167 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 33,296 |  |
Current period gross write-offs | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |
Commercial real estate - owner occupied |
Pass/Watch | $ | 20,648 |  | $ | 25,132 |  | $ | 20,783 |  | $ | 39,356 |  | $ | 21,831 |  | $ | 80,384 |  | $ | 3,207 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 211,341 |  |
Special mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 3,026 |  | 272 |  | — |  | 3,298 |  |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 497 |  | — |  | — |  | 497 |  |
Total | $ | 20,648 |  | $ | 25,132 |  | $ | 20,783 |  | $ | 39,356 |  | $ | 21,831 |  | $ | 83,907 |  | $ | 3,479 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 215,136 |  |
Current period gross write-offs | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied |
Pass/Watch | $ | 81,153 |  | $ | 115,031 |  | $ | 77,375 |  | $ | 38,307 |  | $ | 12,181 |  | $ | 175,419 |  | $ | 19,218 |  | $ | 3,216 |  | $ | 521,900 |  |
Special mention | — |  | 600 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 374 |  | — |  | — |  | 974 |  |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 13,625 |  | 2,344 |  | — |  | — |  | 15,969 |  |
Total | $ | 81,153 |  | $ | 115,631 |  | $ | 77,375 |  | $ | 38,307 |  | $ | 25,806 |  | $ | 178,137 |  | $ | 19,218 |  | $ | 3,216 |  | $ | 538,843 |  |
Current period gross write-offs | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |
Farmland |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass/Watch | $ | 8,382 |  | $ | 24,063 |  | $ | 10,873 |  | $ | 29,770 |  | $ | 11,155 |  | $ | 23,324 |  | $ | 8,695 |  | $ | 1,955 |  | $ | 118,217 |  |
Special mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2,213 |  | — |  | 200 |  | — |  | — |  | 2,413 |  |
Total | $ | 8,382 |  | $ | 24,063 |  | $ | 10,873 |  | $ | 31,983 |  | $ | 11,155 |  | $ | 23,524 |  | $ | 8,695 |  | $ | 1,955 |  | $ | 120,630 |  |
Current period gross write-offs | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |
Multi-family residential |
Pass/Watch | $ | 2,988 |  | $ | 1,847 |  | $ | 38,644 |  | $ | 2,364 |  | $ | 4,538 |  | $ | 10,417 |  | $ | 532 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 61,330 |  |
Special mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |
Substandard |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |
Total | $ | 2,988 |  | $ | 1,847 |  | $ | 38,644 |  | $ | 2,364 |  | $ | 4,538 |  | $ | 10,417 |  | $ | 532 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 61,330 |  |
Current period gross write-offs | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |
1-4 family - close-ended |
Pass/Watch | $ | 1,689 |  | $ | 64,056 |  | $ | 7,898 |  | $ | 2,259 |  | $ | 1,703 |  | $ | 18,237 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 809 |  | $ | 96,651 |  |
Special mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |
Total | $ | 1,689 |  | $ | 64,056 |  | $ | 7,898 |  | $ | 2,259 |  | $ | 1,703 |  | $ | 18,237 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 809 |  | $ | 96,651 |  |
Current period gross write-offs | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |
1-4 family - revolving |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass/Watch | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 21,662 |  | $ | 6,213 |  | $ | 27,875 |  |
Special mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |
Substandard | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |
Total | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 21,662 |  | $ | 6,213 |  | $ | 27,875 |  |
Current period gross write-offs | $ | 75 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 75 |  |

21

Consumer |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass/Watch | $ | 34,866 |  | $ | 8,745 |  | $ | 6,503 |  | $ | 2,265 |  | $ | 2,007 |  | $ | 2,398 |  | $ | 643 |  | $ | 4 |  | $ | 57,431 |  |
Special mention | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |
Substandard | 182 |  | — |  | 42 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 224 |  |
Total | $ | 35,048 |  | $ | 8,745 |  | $ | 6,545 |  | $ | 2,265 |  | $ | 2,007 |  | $ | 2,398 |  | $ | 643 |  | $ | 4 |  | $ | 57,655 |  |
Current period gross write-offs | $ | 23 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 27 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 50 |  |
Total loans outstanding (risk rating): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass/Watch | $ | 176,718 |  | $ | 272,426 |  | $ | 184,445 |  | $ | 119,665 |  | $ | 56,765 |  | $ | 320,310 |  | $ | 117,756 |  | $ | 13,411 |  | $ | 1,261,496 |  |
Special mention | — |  | 877 |  | 139 |  | 183 |  | 107 |  | 3,672 |  | 4,022 |  | — |  | 9,000 |  |
Substandard | 182 |  | 676 |  | 42 |  | 2,369 |  | 13,625 |  | 3,107 |  | 300 |  | — |  | 20,301 |  |
Grand Total | $ | 176,900 |  | $ | 273,979 |  | $ | 184,626 |  | $ | 122,217 |  | $ | 70,497 |  | $ | 327,089 |  | $ | 122,078 |  | $ | 13,411 |  | $ | 1,290,797 |  |
Current period total gross write-offs | $ | 339 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 323 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 27 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 689 |  |

The following table shows an aging analysis of the loan portfolio by class at March 31, 2024 (in thousands):

|  | 30-59 Days Past Due |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  | Greater Than 89 Days Past Due |  | Total Past Due |  | Current |  | Total Loans |  | Loans Past Due > 89 Days, Still Accruing |  | Non-accrual
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 425 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 425 |  |  | $ | 86,493 |  |  | $ | 86,918 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Agricultural production |  | 300 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 300 |  |  | 24,682 |  |  | 24,982 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate: |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction & other land loans |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28,350 |  |  | 28,350 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate - owner occupied |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 209,777 |  |  | 209,777 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 560,492 |  |  | 560,492 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Farmland |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 117,015 |  |  | 117,015 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Multi-family residential |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 61,993 |  |  | 61,993 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
1-4 family - close-ended |  | 1,945 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,945 |  |  | 93,630 |  |  | 95,575 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
1-4 family - revolving |  | 16 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | 29,426 |  |  | 29,442 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer |  | 68 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 68 |  |  | 69,818 |  |  | 69,886 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Deferred fees |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 2,179 |  |  | 2,179 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 2,754 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,754 |  |  | $ | 1,283,855 |  |  | $ | 1,286,609 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

22

The following table shows an aging analysis of the loan portfolio by class at December 31, 2023 (in thousands):

|  | 30-59 Days Past Due |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  | Greater Than 89 Days Past Due |  | Total Past Due |  | Current |  | Total Loans |  | Loans Past Due > 89 Days, Still Accruing |  | Non- accrual
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 105,441 |  |  | $ | 105,466 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Agricultural production |  | 507 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 507 |  |  | 33,049 |  |  | 33,556 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Real estate: |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction & other land loans |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33,472 |  |  | 33,472 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate - owner occupied |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 215,146 |  |  | 215,146 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 539,522 |  |  | 539,522 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Farmland |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 120,674 |  |  | 120,674 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Multi-family residential |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 61,307 |  |  | 61,307 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
1-4 family - close-ended |  | 2,973 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,973 |  |  | 93,585 |  |  | 96,558 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
1-4 family - revolving |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,648 |  |  | 27,648 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer |  | 169 |  |  | 68 |  |  | — |  |  | 237 |  |  | 55,369 |  |  | 55,606 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Deferred fees |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,842 |  |  | 1,842 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 3,674 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,742 |  |  | $ | 1,287,055 |  |  | $ | 1,290,797 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 there were no collateral dependent loans.
There was no foregone interest on nonaccrual loans for the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
Occasionally, the Company modifies loans to borrowers in financial distress by providing reductions of the stated interest rate of the loan or an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk. There were no loan modifications granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three month period ended March 31, 2024 or during 2023.
23

Note 5. Deposits
The composition of the deposits at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is summarized in the table below (in thousands):

|  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
NOW accounts |  | $ | 234,199 |  |  | $ | 251,334 |
MMA accounts |  | 537,248 |  |  | 497,043 |
Savings deposits |  | 174,519 |  |  | 179,609 |
Time deposits |  | 174,107 |  |  | 162,085 |
Total interest-bearing |  | 1,120,073 |  |  | 1,090,071 |
Non-interest bearing |  | 911,176 |  |  | 951,541 |
Total deposits |  | $ | 2,031,249 |  |  | $ | 2,041,612 |

Aggregate annual maturities of time deposits are as follows (in thousands):

Years Ending December 31, |  |
2024 |  | $ | 151,582 |
2025 |  | 9,416 |
2026 |  | 2,552 |
2027 |  | 6,076 |
2028 |  | 4,146 |
Thereafter |  | 335 |
|  | $ | 174,107 |

Interest expense recognized on interest-bearing deposits consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2024 |  | 2023
Savings |  | $ | 121 |  |  | $ | 80 |
Money market |  | 2,843 |  |  | 837 |
NOW accounts |  | 1,920 |  |  | 75 |
Time certificates of deposit |  | 134 |  |  | 12 |
|  | $ | 5,018 |  |  | $ | 1,004 |

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 uninsured deposits totaled $803,683,000 and $821,756,000, respectively.
Note 6. Borrowing Arrangements
Lines of Credit - The Company had unsecured lines of credit with its correspondent banks which, in the aggregate, amounted to $110,000,000 at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, at interest rates which vary with market conditions. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had no advances with correspondent banks.
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances - As of March 31, 2024, the Company had a $22,000,000 Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) of San Francisco advance with an interest rate of 5.60%, as compared to a $35,000,000 advance with an interest rate of 5.70% at December 31, 2023. Approximately $623,375,000 in loans were pledged under a blanket lien as collateral to the FHLB for the Company’s remaining borrowing capacity of $342,668,000 as of March 31, 2024. FHLB advances are also secured by investment securities with amortized costs totaling $22,385,000 and $22,315,000 and market values totaling $29,822,000 and $29,727,000 at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company’s credit limit varies according to the amount and composition of the investment and loan portfolios pledged as collateral. The advances as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were overnight advances maturing the following business day.
24

Federal Reserve Line of Credit and Bank Term Funding Program - The Company has a line of credit in the amount of $4,069,000 and $4,448,000 with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (FRB) at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, which bears interest at the prevailing discount rate collateralized by investment securities with amortized costs totaling $4,820,000 and $4,894,000 and market values totaling $4,230,000 and $4,374,000, respectively. The Company participated in the Bank Term Funding Program (BTFP) which offered loans of up to one year in length to banks, savings associations, credit unions, and other eligible depository institutions pledging any collateral eligible for purchase by the Federal Reserve Banks in open market operations such as U.S. Treasuries, U.S. agency securities, and U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities. New loan activity under this program ended March 11, 2024.
At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had $45,000,000 as short-term loans outstanding with the FRB under the Bank Term Funding Program at an interest rate of 4.81%. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 the Company had $45,171,000 and $46,174,000, respectively, in securities pledged to the program.
The following table reflects the Company’s credit lines, balances outstanding, and pledged collateral at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

Credit Lines (In thousands) |  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Unsecured Credit Lines |  |  |  |
Credit limit |  | $ | 110,000 |  |  | $ | 110,000 |
Balance outstanding |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank |  |  |  |
Credit limit |  | $ | 342,668 |  |  | $ | 342,483 |
Balance outstanding |  | $ | 22,000 |  |  | $ | 35,000 |
Collateral pledged |  | $ | 645,760 |  |  | $ | 612,702 |
Fair value of collateral |  | $ | 533,790 |  |  | $ | 500,972 |
Federal Reserve Bank Term Loan Funding Program |  |  |  |
Credit limit |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 46,174 |
Balance outstanding |  | $ | 45,000 |  |  | $ | 45,000 |
Collateral pledged |  | $ | 47,975 |  |  | $ | 53,650 |
Fair value of collateral |  | $ | 43,858 |  |  | $ | 47,603 |
Federal Reserve Bank |  |  |  |
Credit limit |  | $ | 4,069 |  |  | $ | 4,448 |
Balance outstanding |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Collateral pledged |  | $ | 4,820 |  |  | $ | 4,894 |
Fair value of collateral |  | $ | 4,230 |  |  | $ | 4,374 |

Note 7. Senior Debt and Subordinated Debentures
The following table summarizes the Company’s long-term debt:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Fixed - floating rate subordinated debentures, due 2031 |  | $ | 35,000 |  |  | $ | 35,000 |
Unamortized debt issuance costs |  | (375) |  |  | (411) |
Floating rate senior debt bank loan, due 2032 |  | 30,000 |  |  | 30,000 |
Junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures, due October 2036 |  | 5,155 |  |  | 5,155 |
Total subordinated debentures |  | $ | 69,780 |  |  | $ | 69,744 |

Subordinated Debentures
On November 12, 2021, the Company completed a private placement of $35,000,000 aggregate principal amount of its fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes (“Subordinated Debt”) due December 1, 2031. The Subordinated Debt initially bears a fixed interest rate of 3.125% per year. Commencing on December 1, 2026, the interest rate on the Subordinated Debt will reset each quarter at a floating interest rate equal to the then-current three month term SOFR plus 2.10%. The Company may at its option
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redeem in whole or in part the Subordinated Debt on or after November 12, 2026 without a premium. The Subordinated Debt is treated as Tier 2 Capital for regulatory purposes.
Interest expense recognized by the Company for the Subordinated Debentures for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $310,000.
Senior Debt
On September 15, 2022, the Company entered into a $30,000,000 loan agreement with Bell Bank. Initially, payments of interest only are payable in 12 quarterly payments commencing December 31, 2022. Commencing December 31, 2025, 27 equal quarterly principal and interest payments are payable based on the outstanding balance of the loan on August 30, 2025 and an amortization of 48 quarters. A final payment of outstanding principal and accrued interest is due at maturity on September 30, 2032. Variable interest is payable at the Prime Rate (published by the Wall Street Journal) less 50 basis points. The loan is secured by the assets of the Company and a pledge of the outstanding common stock of Central Valley Community Bank, the Company’s banking subsidiary. The Company may prepay the loan without penalty with one exception. If the loan is prepaid prior to August 30, 2025 with funds received from a financing source other than Bell Bank, the Company will incur a 2% prepayment penalty. The loan contains customary representations, covenants, and events of default.
Interest expense recognized by the Company for the Senior Debt for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $511,000 and $506,000, respectively.
Junior Subordinated Debentures
Service 1st Capital Trust I is a Delaware business trust formed by Service 1st. The Company succeeded to all of the rights and obligations of Service 1st in connection with the merger with Service 1st as of November 12, 2008. The Trust was formed on August 17, 2006 for the sole purpose of issuing trust preferred securities fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Service 1 st. Under applicable regulatory guidance, the amount of trust preferred securities that is eligible as Tier 1 capital is limited to 25% of the Company’s Tier 1 capital on a pro forma basis. At March 31, 2024, all of the trust preferred securities that have been issued qualify as Tier 1 capital. The trust preferred securities mature on October 7, 2036, are redeemable at the Company’s option, and require quarterly distributions by the Trust to the holder of the trust preferred securities at a variable interest rate which will adjust quarterly to equal the three month SOFR plus 1.60%.
The Trust used the proceeds from the sale of the trust preferred securities to purchase approximately $5,155,000 in aggregate principal amount of Service 1 st’s junior subordinated notes (the Notes). The Notes bear interest at the same variable interest rate during the same quarterly periods as the trust preferred securities. The Notes are redeemable by the Company on any January 7, April 7, July 7, or October 7 or at any time within 90 days following the occurrence of certain events, such as: (i) a change in the regulatory capital treatment of the Notes (ii) in the event the Trust is deemed an investment company or (iii) upon the occurrence of certain adverse tax events. In each such case, the Company may redeem the Notes for their aggregate principal amount, plus any accrued but unpaid interest.
The Notes may be declared immediately due and payable at the election of the trustee or holders of 25% of the aggregate principal amount of outstanding Notes in the event that the Company defaults in the payment of any interest following the nonpayment of any such interest for 20 or more consecutive quarterly periods.
Holders of the trust preferred securities are entitled to a cumulative cash distribution on the liquidation amount of $1,000 per security. For each January 7, April 7, July 7 or October 7 of each year, the rate will be adjusted to equal the three month SOFR plus 1.60%. As of March 31, 2024, the rate was 7.18%.
Interest expense recognized by the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $94,000 and $81,000, respectively.
Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies
Financial Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk - In the normal course of business, the Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheets. The contract or notional amounts of these instruments reflect the extent of involvement the Company has in particular classes of financial instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for loans.
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Commitments to extend credit amounting to $313,729,000 and $276,270,000 were outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract unless waived by the Bank. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee.
Included in commitments to extend credit are undisbursed lines of credit totaling $311,394,000 and $274,282,000 at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Undisbursed lines of credit include credits whereby customers can repay principal and request principal advances during the term of the loan at their discretion and most expire between one and 12 months.
Included in undisbursed lines of credit are commitments for the undisbursed portions of construction loans totaling $56,286,000 and $45,116,000 as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. These commitments are agreements to lend to customers, subject to meeting certain construction progress requirements established in the contracts. The underlying construction loans have fixed expiration dates.
Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees amounting to $2,335,000 and $1,988,000 were outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support private financial arrangements. Standby letters of credit and guarantees carry a one year term or less, many have auto-renewal features. The fair value of the liability related to these standby letters of credit, which represents the fees received for their issuance, was not significant at March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023. The Company recognizes these fees as revenue over the term of the commitment or when the commitment is used.
The Company generally requires collateral or other security to support financial instruments with credit risk. Management does not anticipate any material loss will result from the outstanding commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit and financial guarantees. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the allowance for credit losses of unfunded commitments was $1,041,000 and $839,000, respectively. The allowance for credit losses of unfunded commitments is calculated by management using an appropriate, systematic, and consistently applied process. While related to credit losses, this allocation is not a part of the allowance for credit losses on loans and is considered separately as a liability for accounting and regulatory reporting purposes, and is included in Other Liabilities on the Company’s balance sheet.
The Company is subject to legal proceedings and claims which arise in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, the amount of ultimate liability with respect to such actions will not materially affect the consolidated financial position or consolidated results of operations of the Company.
Note 9. Other Income and Expense
The following table shows significant components of other non-interest income for the periods indicated:

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Interchange Fees |  | $ | 405 |  |  | $ | 446 |  |  |  |  |
Appreciation in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance |  | 275 |  |  | 249 |  |  |  |  |
Loan placement fees |  | 166 |  |  | 124 |  |  |  |  |
Federal Home Loan Bank dividends |  | 157 |  |  | 109 |  |  |  |  |
Other |  | 622 |  |  | 479 |  |  |  |  |
Total other non-interest income |  | $ | 1,625 |  |  | $ | 1,407 |  |  |  |  |

The following table shows significant components of other non-interest expense for the periods indicated:
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|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |
Information technology |  | $ | 1,021 |  |  | $ | 847 |  |  |  |  |
Data processing expense |  | 685 |  |  | 650 |  |  |  |  |
Professional Services |  | 625 |  |  | 353 |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition and merger expenses |  | 383 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Regulatory assessments |  | 322 |  |  | 210 |  |  |  |  |
ATM/Debit card expenses |  | 214 |  |  | 184 |  |  |  |  |
Directors’ expenses |  | 169 |  |  | 163 |  |  |  |  |
Advertising |  | 151 |  |  | 125 |  |  |  |  |
Personnel other |  | 131 |  |  | 259 |  |  |  |  |
Loan related expenses |  | 92 |  |  | 147 |  |  |  |  |
Other |  | 1,359 |  |  | 975 |  |  |  |  |
Total other non-interest expense |  | $ | 5,152 |  |  | $ | 3,913 |  |  |  |  |

Note 10. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share (EPS), which excludes dilution, is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock, such as stock options or restricted stock awards, result in the issuance of common stock which shares in the earnings of the Company.
A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted EPS computations is as follows:

Basic Earnings Per Share |  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 3,676 |  |  | $ | 6,970 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding |  | 11,750,528 |  |  | 11,703,813 |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per share |  | $ | 0.31 |  |  | $ | 0.60 |  |  |  |  |

Diluted Earnings Per Share |  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 3,676 |  |  | $ | 6,970 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding |  | 11,750,528 |  |  | 11,703,813 |  |  |  |  |
Effect of diluted stock options and restricted stock |  | 39,703 |  |  | 27,322 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares of common stock and common stock equivalents |  | 11,790,231 |  |  | 11,731,135 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted earnings per share |  | $ | 0.31 |  |  | $ | 0.59 |  |  |  |  |

There were no outstanding options at March 31, 2024 or 2023.
Holders of unvested restricted stock accrue dividends at the same rate as common shareholders and they both share equally in undistributed earnings. Unvested restricted stock awards that are time-based contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents and are considered to be participating securities in the earnings per share computation using the two-class method. Under the two-class method, earnings are allocated to common shareholder and participating securities according to their respective rights to earnings. Unvested stock awards that vest based on performance or market conditions are not considered to be participating securities in the earnings per share calculation because accrued dividends on shares that do not vest are forfeited.
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Note 11. Share-Based Compensation
In May 2015, the Company adopted the Central Valley Community Bancorp 2015 Omnibus Incentive Plan (2015 Plan). The plan provides for awards in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, and restricted stock. The plan also allows for performance awards that may be in the form of cash or shares of the Company’s common stock. With respect to stock options and restricted stock the exercise price in the case of stock options and the grant value in the case of restricted stock may not be less than the fair market value at the date of the award. The options and awards under the plan expire on dates determined by the Board of Directors, but not later than ten years from the date of grant. The vesting period for stock options and restricted stock rights is determined by the Board of Directors and ranges one to five five years. The maximum number of shares that can be issued with respect to all awards under the plan is 875,000. Currently under the 2015 Plan, 603,077 shares remain reserved for future grants as of March 31, 2024.
Share-based compensation cost recognized for the 2015 Plan plans was $181,000 and $361,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There was no recognized tax benefit for share-based compensation expense, forfeitures of restricted stock, and exercise of stock options for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Restricted Stock and Common Stock Awards
The 2015 Plan provides for the issuance of restricted common stock to directors and officers and common stock awards based on the achievement of performance goals as determined by the Board of Directors or in accordance with executive employment agreements. Restricted common stock grants typically vest over a one to five-year period. Restricted common stock is subject to forfeiture if employment terminates prior to vesting. The cost of these awards is recognized over the vesting period of the awards based on the fair value of our common stock on the date of the grant.
The shares awarded to employees and directors under the restricted stock agreements vest on applicable vesting dates only to the extent the recipient of the shares is then an employee or a director of the Company or one of its subsidiaries, and each recipient will forfeit all of the shares that have not vested on the date his or her employment or service is terminated. Common stock awards for performance vest immediately. Holders of restricted stock awards receive non-forfeitable dividends at the same rate as common stockholders and they both share equally in undistributed earnings. Therefore, under the two-class method the difference in EPS is not significant for these participating securities.
The following table summarizes restricted stock activity for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 as follows:

|  | Shares |  | Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Nonvested outstanding shares at December 31, 2023 |  | 75,133 |  |  | $ | 15.65 |
Granted |  | 9,575 |  |  | $ | 19.78 |
Vested |  | (2,271) |  |  | $ | 23.45 |
Forfeited |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Nonvested outstanding shares at March 31, 2024 |  | 82,437 |  |  | $ | 15.92 |

As of March 31, 2024, there were 82,437 shares of restricted stock that are nonvested and expected to vest. As of March 31, 2024, there was $782,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted common stock awards. Restricted stock compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average remaining period of 2.76 years and will be adjusted for subsequent changes in estimated forfeitures. Restricted common stock awards had an intrinsic value of $1,312,000 at March 31, 2024.
Note 12. Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Hierarchy
Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:
Level 1 — Quoted market prices (unadjusted) for identical instruments traded in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.
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Level 2 —Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3 — Significant unobservable inputs that reflect an entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.
The estimated carrying and fair values of the Company’s financial instruments not carried at fair value are as follows (in thousands):

|  | March 31, 2024
|  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
(In thousands) |  |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | $ | 25,068 |  |  | $ | 25,068 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 25,068 |
Interest-earning deposits in other banks |  | 35,891 |  |  | 35,891 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35,891 |
Held-to-maturity investment securities |  | 302,512 |  |  | — |  |  | 274,893 |  |  | — |  |  | 274,893 |
Loans, net |  | 1,271,951 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,196,406 |  |  | 1,196,406 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Time deposits |  | 174,107 |  |  | — |  |  | 173,097 |  |  | — |  |  | 173,097 |
Short-term borrowings |  | 67,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 67,861 |  |  | — |  |  | 67,861 |
Senior debt and subordinated debentures |  | 69,780 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 61,048 |  |  | 61,048 |

|  | December 31, 2023
|  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
(In thousands) |  |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | $ | 30,017 |  |  | $ | 30,017 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 30,017 |
Interest-earning deposits in other banks |  | 23,711 |  |  | 23,711 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23,711 |
Held-to-maturity investment securities |  | 302,442 |  |  | — |  |  | 277,003 |  |  | — |  |  | 277,003 |
Loans, net |  | 1,276,144 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,213,098 |  |  | 1,213,098 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Time deposits |  | 162,085 |  |  | — |  |  | 160,839 |  |  | — |  |  | 160,839 |
Short-term borrowings |  | 80,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 79,991 |  |  | — |  |  | 79,991 |
Subordinated debentures |  | 69,744 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 61,121 |  |  | 61,121 |

The methods and assumptions used to estimate fair values are described as follows:
(a) Cash and Cash Equivalents — The carrying amounts of cash and due from banks, interest-earning deposits in other banks, and Federal funds sold approximate fair values and are classified as Level 1.
(b) Investment securities — The fair values for investment securities are determined by quoted market prices, if available (Level 1). For securities where quoted prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities (Level 2), using matrix pricing. Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique commonly used to price debt securities that are not actively traded, values debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2 inputs). For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other market indicators (Level 3).
(c) Loans — Fair values of loans are estimated as follows: fixed and variable loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, taking into consideration various factors including loan type, credit loss and prepayment expectations. The loan cash flows are discounted to present value using a combination of existing market rates and liquidity spreads as well as underlying index rates and margins on variable rate loans resulting in a Level 3 classification.
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(d) Time Deposits — Fair value for fixed and variable rate certificates of deposit are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses using interest rates offered at each reporting date by the Company for certificates with similar remaining maturities resulting in a Level 2 classification.
(e) Short-Term Borrowings — The carrying amounts of federal funds purchased, borrowings under repurchase agreements, and other short-term borrowings, generally maturing within ninety days, approximate their fair values resulting in a Level 2 classification.
(f) Subordinated Debentures and Senior Debt — The fair values of the Company’s Subordinated Debentures are estimated using discounted cash flow analyses based on the current borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements resulting in a Level 3 classification.
Assets Recorded at Fair Value
The Company is required or permitted to record the following assets at fair value on a recurring basis. The following tables present information about the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

|  | Fair Value Measurements Using
March 31, 2024 |  | Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Available-for-sale debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities |  | $ | 8,878 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,878 |  |  | $ | — |
U.S. Government agencies |  | 92 |  |  | — |  |  | 92 |  |  | — |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | 178,405 |  |  | — |  |  | 178,405 |  |  | — |
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies collateralized by residential mortgage obligations |  | 80,798 |  |  | — |  |  | 80,798 |  |  | — |
Private label mortgage and asset backed securities |  | 305,361 |  |  | — |  |  | 305,361 |  |  | — |
Equity securities |  | 6,579 |  |  | 6,579 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis |  | $ | 580,113 |  |  | $ | 6,579 |  |  | $ | 573,534 |  |  | $ | — |

|  | Fair Value Measurements Using
December 31, 2023 |  | Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Available-for-sale debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities |  | $ | 8,954 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,954 |  |  | $ | — |
U.S. Government agencies |  | 95 |  |  | — |  |  | 95 |  |  | — |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  | 180,222 |  |  | — |  |  | 180,222 |  |  | — |
U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies collateralized by residential mortgage obligations |  | 83,352 |  |  | — |  |  | 83,352 |  |  | — |
Private label mortgage and asset backed securities |  | 324,573 |  |  | — |  |  | 324,573 |  |  | — |
Equity securities |  | 6,649 |  |  | 6,649 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis |  | $ | 603,845 |  |  | $ | 6,649 |  |  | $ | 597,196 |  |  | $ | — |

There were no liabilities measured on a recurring basis at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
There were no changes in valuation techniques used during the periods ended March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023. There were no assets or liabilities measured on a non-recurring basis at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.
Note 13. Subsequent Events
Dividend Declared
On April 17, 2024, the Board of Directors declared a $0.12 per share cash dividend payable on May 17, 2024 to shareholders of record as of May 3, 2024.
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Business Combinations
On April 1, 2024, the Company, formerly named Central Valley Community Bancorp, completed the acquisition of Community West Bancshares. Refer to Note 2 - Business Combinations for further discussion of this transaction.
ITEM 2: MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
General
We are a central California-based bank holding company for a one-bank subsidiary, Community West Bank (the “Bank”). On April 1, 2024 (the “Effective Time”), Central Valley Community Bancorp (“Central Valley”) completed its merger transaction with Community West Bancshares (“Community West”), in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Agreement and Plan of Reorganization and Merger, dated as of October 10, 2023, by and among Central Valley and Community West (the “Merger Agreement”). At the Effective Time, Community West merged with and into the Central Valley, with Central Valley being the surviving entity (the “Corporate Merger”). Following the Corporate Merger, Community West Bank, a wholly owned subsidiary of Community West, (“CWB”) merged with and into Central Valley Community Bank, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Central Valley, (“CVCB”) with CVCB being the surviving banking institution (the “Bank Merger”, and collectively with the Corporate Merger, the “Mergers”). Effective with the Mergers, the corporate name of the Central Valley and CVCB were changed to Community West Bancshares and Community West Bank, respectively.
As of result of the merger, we now offer 27 full-service banking centers covering greater Sacramento in the north, throughout the San Joaquin Valley and west to the Central Coast. We provide traditional commercial banking services to small and medium-sized businesses and individuals in the communities that we serve.
Dividend Declared
On April 17, 2024, the Board of Directors declared a $0.12 per share cash dividend payable on May 17, 2024 to shareholders of record as of May 3, 2024.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Critical accounting policies are defined as those that are reflective of significant judgments and uncertainties, and could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. We believe that the Company’s most critical accounting policies are those which the Company’s financial condition depends upon, and which involve the most complex or subjective decisions or assessments.
Allowance for Credit Losses
As a result of our January 1, 2023, adoption of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” and its related amendments, our methodology for estimating the allowance for credit losses changed significantly from December 31, 2022. The standard replaced the “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” approach known as current expected credit loss (“CECL”). The CECL approach requires an estimate of the credit losses expected over the life of a financial asset carried at amortized cost. It removes the incurred loss approach’s threshold that delayed the recognition of a credit loss until it was “probable” a loss event was “incurred.”
The estimate of expected credit losses under the CECL approach is based on relevant information about past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amounts. Historical loss experience is generally the starting point for estimating expected credit losses. We then consider whether the historical loss experience should be adjusted for asset-specific risk characteristics or current conditions at the reporting date that did not exist over the period from which historical experience was used. Finally, we consider forecasts about future economic conditions that are reasonable and supportable.
Management’s evaluation of the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses is often the most critical of accounting estimates for a financial institution. Our determination of the amount of the allowance for credit losses is a critical accounting estimate as it requires significant reliance on the use of estimates and significant judgment as to the amount and timing of expected future cash flows on criticized loans, significant reliance on historical loss rates, consideration of our quantitative and qualitative evaluation of economic factors, and the reliance on our reasonable and supportable forecasts.
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The allowance for credit losses attributable to each portfolio segment also includes an amount for inherent risks not reflected in the historical analyses. Relevant factors include, but are not limited to, concentrations of credit risk (geographic, large borrower, and industry), economic trends and conditions, changes in underwriting standards, experience and depth of lending staff, trends in delinquencies, and the level of criticized loans.
The impact of utilizing the CECL approach to calculate the reserve for credit losses will be significantly influenced by the composition, characteristics and quality of our loan portfolios, as well as the prevailing economic conditions and forecasts utilized. Material changes to these and other relevant factors may result in greater volatility to the reserve for credit losses, and therefore, greater volatility to our reported earnings. See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements and the “Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans” section below.
Please refer to the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K for a complete listing of critical accounting policies.
Financial Highlights
The significant highlights for the Company as of or for the period ended March 31, 2024 included the following:
•Net income for the first quarter of 2024 decreased to $3,676,000 or $0.31 per diluted common share, compared to $5,893,000 and $0.50, respectively, in the fourth quarter of 2023.
•Net loans decreased $4.2 million or 0.33%, and total assets decreased $17.8 million or 0.73% at March 31, 2024 compared to December 31, 2023.
•Total deposits decreased 0.51% to $2.03 billion at March 31, 2024 compared to December 31, 2023.
•Total cost of deposits increased to 0.98% for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 compared to 0.87% for the quarter ended December 31, 2023.
•Average non-interest bearing demand deposit accounts as a percentage of total average deposits was 45.30% and 46.61% for the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
•Net interest margin decreased to 3.42% for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, from 3.52% for the quarter ended December 31, 2023.
•There were no non-performing assets for the quarter ended March 31, 2024. Additionally, net loan charge-offs were $525,000 and loans delinquent more than 30 days were $2,754,000.
•Capital positions remain strong at March 31, 2024 with a 9.34% Tier 1 Leverage Ratio; a 12.94% Common Equity Tier 1 Ratio; a 13.23% Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio; and a 16.24% Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio.
•The Company declared a $0.12 per common share cash dividend, payable on May 17, 2024 to shareholders of record as of May 3, 2024.
Overview
The following is management’s discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition, operating results, asset and liability management, liquidity and capital resources and should be read in conjunction with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company and the Notes thereto located at Item 1 of this report.
33

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

|  | For the Three Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | March 31, |  | December 31, |  | March 31, |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands, except share and per-share amounts) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income before provision (credit) for credit losses |  | $ | 19,073 |  |  | $ | 20,115 |  |  | $ | 21,581 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision (credit) for credit losses |  | 575 |  |  | (168) |  |  | 633 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income after provision (credit) for credit losses |  | 18,498 |  |  | 20,283 |  |  | 20,948 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total non-interest income |  | 1,636 |  |  | 2,267 |  |  | 1,575 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total non-interest expenses |  | 15,333 |  |  | 14,854 |  |  | 13,205 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income before provision for income taxes |  | 4,801 |  |  | 7,696 |  |  | 9,318 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for income taxes |  | 1,125 |  |  | 1,803 |  |  | 2,348 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 3,676 |  |  | $ | 5,893 |  |  | $ | 6,970 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Net income decreased to $3,676,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $6,970,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Basic and diluted earnings per share for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 were $0.31. Basic and diluted earnings per share for the same period in 2023 were $0.60 and $0.59, respectively. Net income for the period was impacted by an increase in total non-interest expenses of $2,128,000, primarily driven by the increase in non-recurring expenses in professional services and acquisition and merger expenses, and a decrease in net interest income before provision for credit losses of $2,508,000, partially offset by a decrease in the provision for income taxes of $1,223,000 and an increase in non-interest income of $61,000. During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded a $575,000 provision for credit losses, compared to $633,000 provision during the quarter ended March 31, 2023.
Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin
The level of net interest income depends on several factors in combination, including yields on earning assets, the cost of interest-bearing liabilities, the relative volumes of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and the mix of products which comprise the Company’s earning assets, deposits, and other interest-bearing liabilities. To maintain its net interest margin, the Company must manage the relationship between interest earned and paid.
The following Distribution, Rate and Yield table presents the average amounts outstanding for the major categories of the Company’s balance sheet, the average interest rates earned or paid thereon, and the resulting net interest margin on average interest earning assets for the periods indicated. Average balances are based on daily averages.
34

COMMUNITY WEST BANCSHARES
SCHEDULE OF AVERAGE BALANCES AND AVERAGE YIELDS AND RATES

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 |  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Average Interest Rate |  | Average Balance |  | Interest Income/ Expense |  | Average Interest Rate
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-earning deposits in other banks |  | $ | 34,200 |  |  | $ | 432 |  |  | 5.05 | % |  | $ | 6,882 |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  | 4.36 | %
Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable securities |  | 714,160 |  |  | 5,500 |  |  | 3.08 | % |  | 783,938 |  |  | 5,886 |  |  | 3.00 | %
Non-taxable securities (1) |  | 254,108 |  |  | 1,768 |  |  | 2.78 | % |  | 257,452 |  |  | 1,777 |  |  | 2.76 | %
Total investment securities |  | 968,268 |  |  | 7,268 |  |  | 3.00 | % |  | 1,041,390 |  |  | 7,663 |  |  | 2.94 | %
Total securities and interest-earning deposits |  | 1,002,468 |  |  | 7,700 |  |  | 3.07 | % |  | 1,048,272 |  |  | 7,738 |  |  | 2.95 | %
Loans (2) (3) |  | 1,283,068 |  |  | 18,299 |  |  | 5.74 | % |  | 1,260,178 |  |  | 16,777 |  |  | 5.40 | %
Total interest-earning assets |  | 2,285,536 |  |  | $ | 25,999 |  |  | 4.58 | % |  | 2,308,450 |  |  | $ | 24,515 |  |  | 4.31 | %
Allowance for credit losses |  | (14,348) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (10,893) |  |  |  |  |
Non-accrual loans |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | 26,772 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 27,574 |  |  |  |  |
Bank premises and equipment |  | 14,177 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,072 |  |  |  |  |
Other assets |  | 108,673 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 86,303 |  |  |  |  |
Total average assets |  | $ | 2,420,810 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,419,506 |  |  |  |  |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings and NOW accounts |  | $ | 421,412 |  |  | $ | 255 |  |  | 0.24 | % |  | $ | 526,232 |  |  | $ | 92 |  |  | 0.07 | %
Money market accounts |  | 514,909 |  |  | 2,843 |  |  | 2.22 | % |  | 468,166 |  |  | 837 |  |  | 0.73 | %
Time certificates of deposit |  | 187,775 |  |  | 1,920 |  |  | 4.11 | % |  | 68,650 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 0.44 | %
Total interest-bearing deposits |  | 1,124,096 |  |  | 5,018 |  |  | 1.80 | % |  | 1,063,048 |  |  | 1,004 |  |  | 0.38 | %
Other borrowed funds |  | 122,419 |  |  | 1,536 |  |  | 5.02 | % |  | 124,480 |  |  | 1,558 |  |  | 5.01 | %
Total interest-bearing liabilities |  | 1,246,515 |  |  | $ | 6,554 |  |  | 2.11 | % |  | 1,187,528 |  |  | $ | 2,562 |  |  | 0.87 | %
Non-interest bearing demand deposits |  | 931,045 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,018,210 |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities |  | 35,583 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 31,591 |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity |  | 207,667 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 182,177 |  |  |  |  |
Total average liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 2,420,810 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,419,506 |  |  |  |  |
Interest income and rate earned on average earning assets |  |  |  | $ | 25,999 |  |  | 4.58 | % |  |  |  | $ | 24,515 |  |  | 4.31 | %
Interest expense and interest cost related to average interest-bearing liabilities |  |  |  | 6,554 |  |  | 2.11 | % |  |  |  | 2,562 |  |  | 0.87 | %
Net interest income and net interest margin (4) |  |  |  | $ | 19,445 |  |  | 3.42 | % |  |  |  | $ | 21,953 |  |  | 3.86 | %

(1) Calculated on a fully tax equivalent basis, which includes Federal tax benefits relating to income earned on municipal bonds totaling $371 and $373 at March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively.
(2) Loan interest income includes loan costs of $139 and $9 at March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023, respectively.
(3) Average loans do not include non-accrual loans but do include interest income recovered from previously charged off loans.
(4) Net interest margin is computed by dividing net interest income by total average interest-earning assets.
35

The Volume and Rate Variances table below sets forth the dollar difference in interest earned and paid for each major category of interest-bearing assets and interest-bearing liabilities for the noted periods, and the amount of such change attributable to changes in average balances (volume) or changes in average interest rates. Volume variances are equal to the increase or decrease in the average balance times the prior period rate, and rate variances are equal to the increase or decrease in the average rate times the prior period average balance. Variances attributable to both rate and volume changes are equal to the change in rate times the change in average balance and are included below in the average volume column.

Changes in Volume/Rate |  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 |  |
(In thousands) |  | Volume |  | Rate |  | Net |  |  |  |  |  |
Increase (decrease) due to changes in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-earning deposits in other banks |  | $ | 297 |  |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 355 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable |  | (523) |  |  | 137 |  |  | (386) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-taxable (1) |  | (23) |  |  | 14 |  |  | (9) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total investment securities |  | (546) |  |  | 151 |  |  | (395) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans |  | 304 |  |  | 1,218 |  |  | 1,522 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total earning assets (1) |  | 55 |  |  | 1,427 |  |  | 1,482 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings, NOW and MMA |  | 65 |  |  | 2,076 |  |  | 2,141 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Time certificate of deposits |  | 130 |  |  | 1,715 |  |  | 1,845 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total interest-bearing deposits |  | 195 |  |  | 3,791 |  |  | 3,986 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other borrowed funds |  | (25) |  |  | 4 |  |  | (21) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total interest-bearing liabilities |  | 170 |  |  | 3,795 |  |  | 3,965 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income (1) |  | $ | (115) |  |  | $ | (2,368) |  |  | $ | (2,483) |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) Computed on a tax equivalent basis for securities exempt from federal income taxes.
Comparison of the quarter ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023
The Company’s net interest margin (fully tax equivalent basis), expressed as a percentage of average earning assets, decreased 44 basis points to 3.42% for the first quarter of 2024, from 3.86% for the first quarter of 2023. Average interest earning assets were $2,285,536,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $2,308,450,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The $22,914,000 decrease in average earning assets was attributed to the $73,122,000 decrease in investment securities, partially offset by the $22,890,000 or 1.82% increase in average loans, and a $27,318,000 increase in interest-earning deposits. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the effective yield on investment securities including Federal funds sold and interest-earning deposits in other banks increased 12 basis points. The effective yield on loans increased 34 basis points. Average interest bearing liabilities increased 4.97% to $1,246,515,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $1,187,528,000 for the same period in 2023.
Interest and fee income from loans increased $1,522,000 or 9.07% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. The yield on average loans, excluding nonaccrual loans, was 5.74% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to 5.40% for the same period in 2023.
Interest income from interest-earning deposits in other banks increased $357,000 in the three months ended March 31, 2024 to $432,000 compared to $75,000 for the same period in 2023. The yield on average interest-earning deposits increased 69 basis points to 5.05% for the three month period ended March 31, 2024 compared to 4.36% for the same period in 2023. Average interest-earning deposits for the three month period ended March 31, 2024 increased $27,318,000 or 396.95% to $34,200,000 compared to $6,882,000 for the same period in 2023.
Interest income from total investment securities decreased $395,000 in the three months ended March 31, 2024 to $7,268,000 compared to $7,663,000 for the same period in 2023. The yield on average total investment securities increased 6 basis points to 3.00% for the three month period ended March 31, 2024 compared to 2.94% for the same period in 2023. Average total
36

investment securities for the three month period ended March 31, 2024 decreased $73,122,000 or 7.02% to $968,268,000 compared to $1,041,390,000 for the same period in 2023.
Total interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 increased $1,484,000 or 6.15% to $25,627,000 compared to $24,143,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The yield on interest earning assets increased 27 basis points to 4.58% on a fully tax equivalent basis for the three months ended March 31, 2024 from 4.31% for the period ended March 31, 2023. The increase was the result of yield changes, increase in interest rates, and asset mix changes.
Interest expense on deposits for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was $5,018,000 and $1,004,000, respectively. The average interest rate on interest bearing deposits increased to 1.80% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to 0.38% for the same period ended March 31, 2023. Average interest-bearing deposits increased 5.74% or $61,048,000 to $1,124,096,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $1,063,048,000 for the same period ended March 31, 2023.
Average other borrowed funds were $122,419,000 with an effective rate of 5.02% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $124,480,000 with an effective rate of 5.01% for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Total interest expense on other borrowed funds was $1,536,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and $1,558,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
The cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased 124 basis points to 2.11% for the three month period ended March 31, 2024 compared to 0.87% for the same period in 2023. The cost of total deposits increased to 0.98% compared to 0.20% for the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Average non-interest bearing demand deposits decreased 8.56% to $931,045,000 for the three month period ended March 31, 2024 compared to $1,018,210,000 for the same period in 2023. The ratio of average non-interest bearing demand deposits to average total deposits decreased to 45.30% in the three month period ended March 31, 2024 compared to 48.92% for the same period in 2023.
Net interest income before the provision for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 decreased by $2,508,000 or 11.62% to $19,073,000 compared to $21,581,000 for the same period in 2023. The decrease was a result of the increase in interest expense on average interest bearing liabilities, partially offset by an increase in average earning assets.
Provision for Credit Losses on Loans
The following table sets forth information regarding our provisions for credit losses on loans, charge-offs and recoveries and ending allowance for credit losses for loans at the dates and for the periods indicated:

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 14,653 |  |  | $ | 10,848 |  |  |  |  |
Impact of ASU 2016-13 adoption |  | — |  |  | 3,910 |  |  |  |  |
Provision for credit losses |  | 530 |  |  | 518 |  |  |  |  |
Losses charged to allowance |  | (575) |  |  | (354) |  |  |  |  |
Recoveries |  | 50 |  |  | 335 |  |  |  |  |
Balance, end of period |  | $ | 14,658 |  |  | $ | 15,257 |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for credit losses to total loans at end of period |  | 1.14 | % |  | 1.19 | % |  |  |  |

Managing high-risk credits includes developing a business strategy with the customer to mitigate our potential losses. Management continues to monitor these credits with a view to identifying as early as possible when, and to what extent, additional provisions may be necessary. Management believes that the level of allowance for credit losses has been adjusted accordingly.
During the three month periods ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded a $530,000 and $518,000 provision for credit losses on loans.
The Company had net charge-offs totaling $525,000 and $19,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
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The Company has been and will continue to be proactive in looking for signs of deterioration within the loan portfolio in an effort to manage credit quality and work with borrowers where possible to mitigate losses. As of March 31, 2024, there were $18,968,000 in classified loans of which $121,000 related to commercial and industrial loans, $300,000 to agricultural production, $2,812,000 to owner occupied real estate, $13,617,000 to non-owner occupied real estate, $2,029,000 to farmland, and $89,000 to consumer. This compares to $20,301,000 in classified loans of which $222,000 related to commercial and industrial loans, $976,000 to agricultural production, $497,000 to owner occupied real estate, $15,969,000 to non-owner occupied real estate, $2,413,000 to farmland, and $224,000 to consumer as of December 31, 2023.
Non-Interest Income
Non-interest income is comprised of customer service charges, loan placement fees, net gains/losses on sales and calls of investment securities, appreciation in cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance, FHLB dividends, and other income. Non-interest income was $1,636,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to $1,575,000 for the same period in 2023. The $61,000 or 3.87% increase in non-interest income during the three months ended March 31, 2024 was primarily driven by $143,000 in other income, increases in loan placement fees of $42,000, and increase in the FHLB dividend, offset by $154,000 in additional net realized losses on sales and calls of investment securities from $219,000 at March 31, 2023 to $373,000 at March 31, 2024.
The Bank currently holds $7,136,000 in stock from the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) of San Francisco in conjunction with our borrowing capacity and generally earns quarterly dividends. We received dividends totaling $157,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $109,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
The following table shows significant components of non-interest income for the periods indicated:

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interchange fees |  | $ | 405 |  |  | $ | 446 |  |  | $ | (41) |  |  | (9.2) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service charges |  | 384 |  |  | 387 |  |  | (3) |  |  | (0.8) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Appreciation in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance |  | 275 |  |  | 249 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 10.4 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loan placement fees |  | 166 |  |  | 124 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 33.9 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal Home Loan Bank dividends |  | 157 |  |  | 109 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 44.0 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net realized loss on sales and calls of investment securities |  | (373) |  |  | (219) |  |  | (154) |  |  | 70.3 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other |  | 622 |  |  | 479 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 29.9 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total other non-interest income |  | $ | 1,636 |  |  | $ | 1,575 |  |  | $ | 61 |  |  | 3.9 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Non-Interest Expenses
Salaries and employee benefits, occupancy and equipment, information technology, data processing, professional services, acquisition and integration expenses, and regulatory assessments are the major categories of non-interest expenses. Non-interest expenses increased $2,128,000 or 16.12% to $15,333,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $13,205,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The net increase for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was primarily the result increases in professional services of $272,000, regulatory assessments of $112,000, information technology of $174,000, and acquisition and integration expenses of $383,000, partially offset by a decrease of the personnel other of $128,000 and loan related expenses of $55,000.
Salaries and employee benefits increased $604,000 or 7.52% to $8,638,000 for the first three months of 2024 compared to $8,034,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The increase in salaries and benefits and director expenses was a reflection of salary adjustments due to market conditions and temporary hiring as part of the completed merger with Community West Bank. Full time equivalent employees were 253 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to 248 for the three months ended March 31, 2023.
The following table shows significant components of non-interest expense for the periods indicated:
38

|  | For the Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits |  | $ | 8,638 |  |  | $ | 8,034 |  |  | 604 |  |  | 7.5 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Occupancy and equipment |  | 1,543 |  |  | 1,258 |  |  | 285 |  |  | 22.7 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Information technology |  | 1,021 |  |  | 847 |  |  | 174 |  |  | 20.5 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Data processing expense |  | 685 |  |  | 650 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 5.4 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Professional Services |  | 625 |  |  | 353 |  |  | 272 |  |  | 77.1 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition and integration expenses |  | 383 |  |  | — |  |  | 383 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Regulatory assessments |  | 322 |  |  | 210 |  |  | 112 |  |  | 53.3 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ATM/Debit card expenses |  | 214 |  |  | 184 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 16.3 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Directors’ expenses |  | 169 |  |  | 163 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 3.7 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Advertising |  | 151 |  |  | 125 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 20.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Personnel other |  | 131 |  |  | 259 |  |  | (128) |  |  | (49.4) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loan related expenses |  | 92 |  |  | 147 |  |  | (55) |  |  | (37.4) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other |  | 1,359 |  |  | 975 |  |  | 384 |  |  | 39.4 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total non-interest expense |  | $ | 15,333 |  |  | $ | 13,205 |  |  | $ | 2,128 |  |  | 16.1 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Provision for Income Taxes
Our effective income tax rate was 23.43% for the three month period ended March 31, 2024, compared to 25.20% for the three month period ended March 31, 2023. The Company reported an income tax provision of $1,125,000 for the three month period ended March 31, 2024, compared to $2,348,000 for the three month period ended March 31, 2023.
The effective tax rate was affected by additional Low Income Housing Tax Credits (“LIHTC”) added during the period, offset by a decrease in the amount of tax-exempt interest recognized during the three month period, ended March 31, 2024. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of tax expense in the consolidated statements of income. If deemed necessary, the Company maintains a reserve for uncertain income taxes where the merits of the position taken or the amount of the position that would be ultimately sustained upon examination do not meet a more-likely-than-not criteria. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there was no reserve for uncertain tax positions.
FINANCIAL CONDITION
Summary of Changes in Consolidated Balance Sheets
Total assets were $2,415,624,000 as of March 31, 2024, compared to $2,433,426,000 at December 31, 2023, an decrease of 0.73% or $17,802,000. Total gross loans were $1,286,609,000 at March 31, 2024, compared to $1,290,797,000 at December 31, 2023, an decrease of $4,188,000 or 0.32%. Total cash and cash equivalents increased 13.46% or $7,231,000 to $60,959,000 at March 31, 2024 compared to $53,728,000 at December 31, 2023. The investment portfolio decreased 1.33% or $23,662,000 to $882,625,000 at March 31, 2024 compared to $906,287,000 at December 31, 2023. Total deposits decreased 0.51% or $10,363,000 to $2,031,249,000 at March 31, 2024, compared to $2,041,612,000 at December 31, 2023. Shareholders’ equity increased $4,653,000 or 2.25% to $211,717,000 at March 31, 2024, compared to $207,064,000 at December 31, 2023. The increase in shareholders’ equity was driven by the retention of e arnings, issuance of common stock, partially offset by the change in unrealized loss and dividends paid. Accrued interest payable and other liabilities was $35,878,000 at March 31, 2024, compared to $35,006,000 at December 31, 2023, an increase of $872,000.
Investments
Our investment portfolio consists primarily of private label mortgage, U.S. Government sponsored entities and agencies collateralized by residential mortgage backed obligations, asset backed securities (PLMABS), corporate debt securities, and obligations of states and political subdivision securities and are classified at the date of acquisition as available for sale or held to maturity. As of March 31, 2024, investment securities with a fair value of $326,054,000, or 37.22% of our investment securities portfolio, were held as collateral for public funds, short and long-term borrowings, treasury, tax, and for other purposes.
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The level of our investment portfolio as a percentage of our total earning assets is generally considered higher than our peers due primarily to a comparatively low loan-to-deposit ratio. Our loan-to-deposit ratio at March 31, 2024 was 63.34% compared to 63.22% at December 31, 2023 and 59.09% at March 31, 2023. The total investment portfolio decreased 1.33% or $23,662,000 to $882,625,000 at March 31, 2024 compared to $906,287,000 at December 31, 2023. The fair value of the available-for-sale investment portfolio reflected a net unrealized loss of $69,991,000 at March 31, 2024, compared to net unrealized losses of $72,450,000 at December 31, 2023 and $84,991,000 at March 31, 2023.
See Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) included in this report for carrying values and estimated fair values of our investment securities portfolio.
Loans
Total gross loans decreased $4,188,000 or 0.32% to $1,286,609,000 as of March 31, 2024, compared to $1,290,797,000 as of December 31, 2023.
The following table sets forth information concerning the composition of our loan portfolio at the dates indicated:

Loan Type (Dollars in thousands) |  | March 31, 2024 |  | % of Total Loans |  | December 31, 2023 |  | % of Total Loans
Commercial: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 86,918 |  |  | 6.8 | % |  | $ | 105,466 |  |  | 8.2 | %
Agricultural production |  | 24,982 |  |  | 1.9 | % |  | 33,556 |  |  | 2.6 | %
Total commercial |  | 111,900 |  |  | 8.7 | % |  | 139,022 |  |  | 10.8 | %
Real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction & other land loans |  | 28,350 |  |  | 2.2 | % |  | 33,472 |  |  | 2.6 | %
Commercial real estate - owner occupied |  | 209,777 |  |  | 16.3 | % |  | 215,146 |  |  | 16.7 | %
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied |  | 560,492 |  |  | 43.7 | % |  | 539,522 |  |  | 42.0 | %
Farmland |  | 117,015 |  |  | 9.1 | % |  | 120,674 |  |  | 9.3 | %
Multi-family residential |  | 61,993 |  |  | 4.8 | % |  | 61,307 |  |  | 4.7 | %
1-4 family - close-ended |  | 95,575 |  |  | 7.4 | % |  | 96,558 |  |  | 7.5 | %
1-4 family - revolving |  | 29,442 |  |  | 2.3 | % |  | 27,648 |  |  | 2.1 | %
Total real estate |  | 1,102,644 |  |  | 85.8 | % |  | 1,094,327 |  |  | 84.9 | %
Consumer |  | 69,886 |  |  | 5.4 | % |  | 55,606 |  |  | 4.3 | %
Total gross loans |  | 1,284,430 |  |  | 99.9 | % |  | 1,288,955 |  |  | 100.0 | %
Net deferred origination fees |  | 2,179 |  |  |  |  | 1,842 |  |  |
Loan, net of deferred origination fees |  | 1,286,609 |  |  |  |  | 1,290,797 |  |  |
Allowance for credit losses |  | (14,658) |  |  |  |  | (14,653) |  |  |
Total loans |  | $ | 1,271,951 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,276,144 |  |  |

As of March 31, 2024, in management’s judgment, a concentration of loans existed in loans commercial real estate representing approximately 62.2% of total loans. This level of concentration of commercial real estate is consistent with 61.3% of total loans at December 31, 2023. Although management believes the loans within this concentration have no more than the normal risk of collectability, a substantial decline in the performance of the economy in general or a decline in real estate values in our primary market areas, in particular, could have an adverse impact on collectability, increase the level of real estate-related non-performing loans, or have other adverse effects which alone or in the aggregate could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The Company does not engage in any sub-prime mortgage lending activities.
At March 31, 2024, loans acquired in the Folsom Lake Bank (FLB), Sierra Vista Bank (SVB) and Visalia Community Bank (VCB) acquisitions had a balance of $56,476,000, of which $1,492,000 were commercial loans, $51,285,000 were real estate loans, and $3,699,000 were consumer loans. At December 31, 2023, loans acquired in the FLB, SVB and VCB acquisitions had a balance of $58,983,000, of which $1,633,000 were commercial loans, $53,591,000 were real estate loans, and $3,759,000 were consumer loans.
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We believe that our commercial real estate loan underwriting policies and practices result in prudent extensions of credit, but recognize that our lending activities result in relatively high reported commercial real estate lending levels. Commercial real estate loans include certain loans which represent low to moderate risk and certain loans with higher risks.
Nonperforming Assets
Nonperforming assets consist of nonperforming loans, other real estate owned (OREO), and repossessed assets. Nonperforming loans are those loans which have (i) been placed on nonaccrual status; (ii) been classified as doubtful under our asset classification system; or (iii) become contractually past due 90 days or more with respect to principal or interest and have not been restructured or otherwise placed on nonaccrual status. A loan is classified as nonaccrual when (i) it is maintained on a cash basis because of deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower; (ii) payment in full of principal or interest under the original contractual terms is not expected; or (iii) principal or interest has been in default for a period of 90 days or more unless the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection.
At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 there were no nonperforming assets.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
For additional information regarding provisions to credit losses on loans, see “Provision for credit losses on loans” above. Based on the current conditions of the loan portfolio, management believes that the $14,658,000 is adequate to absorb current expected credit losses in the Company’s loan portfolio. The following table summarizes the allocation for the allowance for credit losses by loan type as of the dates indicated (in thousands):

Loan Type |  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Commercial: |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  | $ | 682 |  |  | $ | 948 |
Agricultural production |  | 295 |  |  | 527 |
Total commercial |  | 977 |  |  | 1,475 |
Real estate: |  |  |  |
Construction & other land loans |  | 747 |  |  | 848 |
Commercial real estate - owner occupied |  | 1,951 |  |  | 1,945 |
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied |  | 5,930 |  |  | 5,574 |
Farmland |  | 1,278 |  |  | 1,254 |
Multi-family residential |  | 653 |  |  | 642 |
1-4 family - revolving |  | 1,331 |  |  | 1,444 |
1-4 family - revolving |  | 589 |  |  | 520 |
Total real estate |  | 12,479 |  |  | 12,227 |
Consumer |  | 1,202 |  |  | 951 |
Total allowance for credit losses |  | $ | 14,658 |  |  | $ | 14,653 |

As of March 31, 2024, the balance in the allowance for credit losses (ACL) on loans was $14,658,000, or 1.14% of total gross loans, compared to $14,653,000, or 1.14% of total gross loans, as of December 31, 2023. The balance of unfunded commitments to extend credit on construction and other loans and letters of credit was $313,729,000 as of March 31, 2024, compared to $276,270,000 as of December 31, 2023. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the balance of the reserve for unfunded commitments was $1,041,000 and $839,000, respectively. The reserve for unfunded commitments is calculated by management using appropriate, systematic, and consistently applied processes. While related to credit losses, this allocation is not a part of the ACL on loans and is considered separately as a liability for accounting and regulatory reporting purposes.
The following table illustrates and sets forth additional analysis which portrays the trends that are occurring in the loan portfolio.
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|  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2023
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Balance |  | % to Total Loans |  | Balance |  | % to Total Loans |  | Balance |  | % to Total Loans
Past due loans greater than 30 days |  | $ | 2,754 |  |  | 0.21 | % |  | $ | 3,742 |  |  | 0.29 | % |  | $ | 25 |  |  | — | %
Nonaccrual loans |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | — |  |  | — | %

Deposits
The Bank’s deposits are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) up to applicable legal limits. All of a depositor’s accounts at an insured depository institution, including all non-interest bearing transactions accounts, are insured by the FDIC up to standard maximum deposit insurance amount of $250,000 for each deposit insurance ownership category.
Total deposits decreased $10,363,000 or 0.51% to $2,031,249,000 as of March 31, 2024, compared to $2,041,612,000 as of December 31, 2023. Interest-bearing deposits increased $30,002,000 or 2.75% to $1,120,073,000 as of March 31, 2024, compared to $1,090,071,000 as of December 31, 2023. Non-interest bearing deposits decreased $40,365,000 or 4.24% to $911,176,000 as of March 31, 2024, compared to $951,541,000 as of December 31, 2023. Average non-interest bearing deposits to average total deposits was 45.30% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to 48.92% for the same period in 2023.
The composition of the deposits and year-to-date average interest rates at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is summarized in the table below.

(Dollars in thousands) |  | March 31, 2024 |  | % of Total Deposits |  | Average Interest Rate |  | December 31, 2023 |  | % of Total Deposits |  | Average Interest Rate
NOW accounts |  | $ | 234,199 |  |  | 11.5 | % |  | 0.13 | % |  | $ | 251,334 |  |  | 12.3 | % |  | 0.13 | %
MMA accounts |  | 537,248 |  |  | 26.4 | % |  | 1.68 | % |  | 497,043 |  |  | 24.4 | % |  | 1.68 | %
Time deposits |  | 174,107 |  |  | 8.6 | % |  | 3.68 | % |  | 162,085 |  |  | 7.9 | % |  | 3.68 | %
Savings deposits |  | 174,519 |  |  | 8.6 | % |  | 0.12 | % |  | 179,609 |  |  | 8.8 | % |  | 0.12 | %
Total interest-bearing |  | 1,120,073 |  |  | 55.1 | % |  | 1.33 | % |  | 1,090,071 |  |  | 53.4 | % |  | 1.33 | %
Non-interest bearing |  | 911,176 |  |  | 44.9 | % |  |  |  | 951,541 |  |  | 46.6 | % |  |
Total deposits |  | $ | 2,031,249 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |  | $ | 2,041,612 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |

As of March 31, 2024 there was $803,683,000 in uninsured deposits or 39.57% of total deposits, compared to $821,756,000 and 46.47% as of December 31, 2023.
Other Borrowings
As of March 31, 2024, the Company had $22,000,000 in short-term Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) of San Francisco advances and $45,000,000 in short-term advances from the Federal Reserve’s Bank Term Funding Program (BTFP). There was $35,000,000 in short-term FHLB advances and $45,000,000 in short-term BTFP advances as of December 31, 2023. We maintain a line of credit with the FHLB collateralized by government securities and loans. Refer to the Liquidity section below for further discussion of FHLB advances.
Capital
Capital serves as a source of funds and helps protect depositors and shareholders against potential losses. Historically, the primary source of capital for the Company has been through retained earnings.
The Company has historically maintained substantial levels of capital. The assessment of capital adequacy is dependent on several factors including asset quality, earnings trends, liquidity and economic conditions. Maintenance of adequate capital levels is integral to providing stability to the Company. The Company needs to maintain substantial levels of regulatory capital to give it maximum flexibility in the changing regulatory environment and to respond to changes in the market and economic conditions.
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Our shareholders’ equity was $211,717,000 at March 31, 2024, compared to $207,064,000 at December 31, 2023. The increase from December 31, 2023 in shareholders’ equity is the result of an increase in retained earnings from net income of $3,676,000, stock issued under the employee stock purchase plan of $70,000, the effect of share-based compensation expense of $181,000, and a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive loss of $2,145,000, offset by common stock cash dividends of $1,419,000.
During the first three months of 2024, the Company declared and paid $1,419,000 in cash dividends ($0.12 per common share) to holders of common stock. The Company declared and paid $1,410,000 in cash dividends ($0.12 per common share) to holders of common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
The following table presents the Company’s regulatory capital r atios as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

(Dollars in thousands) |  |  |
March 31, 2024 |  | Amount |  | Ratio |
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio |  | $ | 225,111 |  |  | 9.34 | % |
Common Equity Tier 1 Ratio (CET 1) |  | $ | 220,111 |  |  | 12.94 | % |
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio |  | $ | 225,111 |  |  | 13.23 | % |
Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio |  | $ | 276,329 |  |  | 16.24 | % |
December 31, 2023 |  | Amount |  | Ratio |
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio |  | $ | 222,567 |  |  | 9.18 | % |
Common Equity Tier 1 Ratio (CET 1) |  | $ | 217,567 |  |  | 12.78 | % |
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio |  | $ | 222,567 |  |  | 13.07 | % |
Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio |  | $ | 273,699 |  |  | 16.08 | % |

The following table presents the Bank’s regulatory capital ratios as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

(Dollars in thousands) |  | Actual Ratio |  | Minimum regulatory requirement (1) |  | Minimum requirement for “Well-Capitalized” Institution
March 31, 2024 |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio |  | $ | 288,112 |  |  | 11.95 | % |  | $ | 96,417 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | $ | 120,521 |  |  | 5.00 | %
Common Equity Tier 1 Ratio (CET 1) |  | $ | 288,112 |  |  | 16.94 | % |  | $ | 76,545 |  |  | 7.00 | % |  | $ | 110,565 |  |  | 6.50 | %
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio |  | $ | 288,112 |  |  | 16.94 | % |  | $ | 102,060 |  |  | 8.50 | % |  | $ | 136,081 |  |  | 8.00 | %
Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio |  | $ | 304,705 |  |  | 17.91 | % |  | $ | 136,081 |  |  | 10.50 | % |  | $ | 170,101 |  |  | 10.00 | %
December 31, 2023 |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio |  | $ | 285,099 |  |  | 11.75 | % |  | $ | 97,016 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | $ | 121,271 |  |  | 5.00 | %
Common Equity Tier 1 Ratio (CET 1) |  | $ | 285,099 |  |  | 16.76 | % |  | $ | 76,526 |  |  | 7.00 | % |  | $ | 110,538 |  |  | 6.50 | %
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital Ratio |  | $ | 285,099 |  |  | 16.76 | % |  | $ | 102,035 |  |  | 8.50 | % |  | $ | 136,047 |  |  | 8.00 | %
Total Risk-Based Capital Ratio |  | $ | 301,642 |  |  | 17.74 | % |  | $ | 136,047 |  |  | 10.50 | % |  | $ | 170,058 |  |  | 10.00 | %
(1) The minimum regulatory requirement threshold includes the capital conservation buffer of 2.50%.

Liquidity
Liquidity management involves our ability to meet cash flow requirements arising from fluctuations in deposit levels and demands of daily operations, which include funding of securities purchases, providing for customers’ credit needs and ongoing repayment of borrowings. Our liquidity is actively managed on a daily basis and reviewed periodically by our management and Board of Director’s Asset/Liability Committees. This process is intended to ensure the maintenance of sufficient funds to meet our needs, including adequate cash flow for off-balance sheet commitments.
Our primary sources of liquidity are derived from financing activities which include the acceptance of customer and, to a lesser extent, broker deposits, Federal funds facilities with correspondent banks, and advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of
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San Francisco. These funding sources are augmented by payments of principal and interest on loans, the routine maturities and pay downs of securities from the securities portfolio, the stability of our core deposits and the ability to sell investment securities. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had unpledged securities totaling $556,571,000 available as a secondary source of liquidity and total cash and cash equivalents of $60,959,000. Cash and cash equivalents at March 31, 2024 increased 13.46% compared to $53,728,000 at December 31, 2023. Primary uses of funds include withdrawal of and interest payments on deposits, originations and purchases of loans, purchases of investment securities, and payment of operating expenses.
As a means of augmenting our liquidity, we have established federal funds lines with our correspondent banks. At March 31, 2024, our available borrowing capacity includes approximately $110,000,000 in unsecured credit lines with our correspondent banks, $342,668,000 in unused FHLB secured advances, and a $4,069,000 secured credit line at the Federal Reserve Bank. We believe our liquidity sources to be stable and adequate. At March 31, 2024, we were not aware of any information that was reasonably likely to have a material effect on our liquidity position.
The following table reflects the Company’s credit lines, balances outstanding, and pledged collateral at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

Credit Lines (In thousands) |  | March 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
Unsecured Credit Lines |  |  |  |
Credit limit |  | $ | 110,000 |  |  | $ | 110,000 |
Balance outstanding |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank |  |  |  |
Credit limit |  | $ | 342,668 |  |  | $ | 342,483 |
Balance outstanding |  | $ | 22,000 |  |  | $ | 35,000 |
Collateral pledged |  | $ | 645,760 |  |  | $ | 612,702 |
Fair value of collateral |  | $ | 533,790 |  |  | $ | 500,972 |
Federal Reserve Bank Term Loan Funding Program |  |  |  |
Credit limit |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Balance outstanding |  | $ | 45,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Collateral pledged |  | $ | 47,975 |  |  | $ | — |
Fair value of collateral |  | $ | 43,858 |  |  | $ | — |
Federal Reserve Bank |  |  |  |
Credit limit |  | $ | 4,069 |  |  | $ | 4,448 |
Balance outstanding |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Collateral pledged |  | $ | 4,820 |  |  | $ | 4,894 |
Fair value of collateral |  | $ | 4,230 |  |  | $ | 4,374 |

The liquidity of the parent company, Community West Bancshares, is primarily dependent on the payment of cash dividends by its subsidiary, Community West Bank, subject to limitations imposed by California statutes and the regulations.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Market risk is defined as the risk of loss arising from an adverse change in the market value (or prices) of financial instruments. A significant component of market risk is interest rate risk, which is inherent in our lending, investment, borrowing and deposit gathering activities. The Bank manages interest rate sensitivity to minimize the exposure of our net interest margin, earnings, and capital to changes in interest rates. Interest rate changes can create fluctuations in the net interest margin due to an imbalance in the timing of repricing or maturity of assets or liabilities. Interest rate changes can also affect the market value of our financial instruments, such as available-for-sale securities and the related unrealized gains or losses, which affects our equity value.
To mitigate interest rate risk, the structure of our assets and liabilities is managed with the objective of correlating the effects of interest rate changes on loans and investments with those of deposits and borrowings. The asset and liability management policy sets limits on the acceptable amount of change to net interest income and economic value of equity in different interest rate environments.
ALCO and the Board of Directors review our exposure to interest rate risk at least quarterly. We use simulation models to measure interest rate risk and to evaluate strategies to improve profitability in the context of policy guidelines. A simplified
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statement of condition is prepared on a quarterly basis as a starting point, using instrument level data of our actual loans, investments, borrowings and deposits as inputs. If potential changes to net equity value and net interest income resulting from hypothetical interest rate changes are not within the limits established by the Board of Directors, management may adjust the asset and liability mix to bring the risk position within approved limits or take other actions. Governing policies are subject to review by regulators and are updated to incorporate their observations and to adapt to changes in idiosyncratic and systemic risks. At March 31, 2024, interest rate risk was within policy guidelines established by ALCO and the Board. One set of interest rates modeled and evaluated against flat interest rates and a static balance sheet is a series of immediate parallel shifts in the yield curve. Our most recent analysis of our interest rate sensitivity is provided in the following table as an example rather than an expectation of likely interest rate movements.

Immediate and Parallel Shift in Interest Rates (in basis points) | Estimated Change in Net Interest Income in Year 1, as percent of Net Interest Income | Estimated Change in Net Interest Income in Year 2, as percent of Net Interest Income
up 400 | 2.03 | % | 5.91 | %
up 300 | 1.67 | % | 4.50 | %
up 200 | 1.27 | % | 3.03 | %
up 100 | 1.20 | % | 2.46 | %
down 100 | (2.94) | % | (5.41) | %
down 200 | (4.40) | % | (9.70) | %
down 300 | (4.54) | % | (12.56) | %
down 400 | (4.63) | % | (15.19) | %

Interest rate sensitivity is a function of the repricing characteristics of our assets and liabilities. The Bank runs a combination of scenarios and sensitivities in its attempt to capture the range of interest rate risk including the simulations mentioned above. As with any simulation model or other method of measuring interest rate risk, limitations are inherent in the process and dependent on assumptions. For example, lower deposit growth than modeled may cause the Bank to increase its borrowing position, thereby increasing its liability sensitivity. Additionally, assets and liabilities may react differently to changes in market interest rates in terms of both timing and responsiveness to market rate movements. Important deposit modeling assumptions include the speed of deposit run-off and the amount by which interest-bearing deposit rates increase or decrease when market interest rates change, otherwise known as the deposit beta. The above tables reflect deposit betas from 6% to 16%, to rates paid on non-maturity interest-bearing deposits in rising rate scenarios. The actual rates and timing of prepayments on loans and investment securities could vary significantly from the assumptions applied in the various scenarios. Lastly, uneven changes in different tenors of U.S. Treasury rates that result in changes to the shape of the yield curve could produce different results from those presented in the table. Accordingly, the results presented should not be relied upon as indicative of actual results in the event of changing market interest rates.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
As of the end of the period covered by this report, management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures with respect to the information generated for use in this Quarterly Report. The evaluation was based in part upon reports provided by a number of executives. Based upon, and as of the date of the evaluation of the disclosure controls and procedures, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurances that information required to be disclosed in the reports the Company files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits is accumulated and communicated to management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
There was no change in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.
In designing and evaluating disclosure controls and procedures, the Company’s management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurances of achieving the desired control objectives and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
PART II OTHER INFORMATION
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ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
None to report.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
A discussion of risk factors affecting us as is set forth in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The discussion of risk factors provides a description of some of the important risk factors that could affect our actual results and could cause our results to vary materially from those expressed in public statements or documents. However, other factors besides those included in the discussion of risk factors, or discussed elsewhere in any of our reports filed with or furnished to the SEC could affect our business or results. The readers should not consider any description of such factors to be a complete set of all potential risks that we may face.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
None to report.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None to report.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
None to report.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None to report.
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ITEM 6 EXHIBITS

3.1 |  | Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Central Valley Community Bancorp attached as Exhibit 3.1 to the Annual Rep ort on From 10-K for the year ended Dece mber 31, 2023, filed on March 1 5, 20 24, and incorp orated herein by reference.
3.2 |  | Bank Holding Company Merger Agreement, dated March 20, 2024 (amending the articles to change the name of the corporation), attached as Exhibit 3.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 3, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference.
3.3 |  | Revised and Restated bylaws of the Company as amended attached as Exhibit 3.2 to the Annual Report on From 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed on March 15, 2024, and incorporated herein by reference.
31.1 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(d) / 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
31.2 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(d) / 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
32.1 |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) / 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
32.2 |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) / 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation document
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Link Document

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Community West Bancshares |
Date: May 14, 2024 | /s/ James J. Kim
| James J. Kim
| President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: May 14, 2024 | /s/ Shannon Livingston
| Shannon Livingston
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

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