Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS

The majority of the disclosures in this footnote are prepared at the class level, which is equivalent to the call report or call code classification. The roll forward of the allowance for credit losses is presented at the portfolio segment level. Accrued interest receivable on loans of $10,745,000 and $4,752,000 at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 respectively is not included in the loan tables below and is included in other assets on the Company’s balance sheets. Outstanding loans are summarized by class as follows:


Loan Type (Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	143,422	$	105,466
Agricultural production	37,323		33,556
Total commercial	180,745		139,022
Real estate:
Construction & other land loans	67,869		33,472
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	323,188		215,146
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	913,165		539,522
Farmland	139,815		120,674
Multi-family residential	133,595		61,307
1-4 family - close-ended	123,445		96,558
1-4 family - revolving	35,421		27,648
Total real estate	1,736,498		1,094,327
Consumer:
Manufactured housing	322,263		—
Other installment	92,839		55,606
Total consumer	415,102		55,606
Total loans, net of discount	2,332,345		1,288,955
Net deferred origination costs	1,876		1,842
Loans, net of deferred origination costs	2,334,221		1,290,797
Allowance for credit losses	(25,803)		(14,653)
Total loans, net	$	2,308,418	$	1,276,144

At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, loans originated under Small Business Administration (SBA) programs totaling $21,618,000 and $18,246,000, respectively, were included in the real estate and commercial categories, of which, $16,519,000 or 76% and $13,955,000 or 76%, respectively, are secured by government guarantees.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

The measurement of the allowance for credit losses on collectively evaluated loans is based on modeled expectations of lifetime expected credit losses utilizing national and local peer group historical losses, weighting of economic scenarios, and other relevant factors. The Company incorporates forward-looking information using macroeconomic scenarios, which include variables that are considered key drivers of credit losses within the portfolio. The Company uses a probability-weighted, multiple scenario forecast approach. These scenarios may consist of a base forecast representing the most likely outcome, combined with downside or upside scenarios reflecting possible worsening or improving economic conditions.

When a loan no longer shares similar risk characteristics with other loans, such as in the case of certain nonaccrual loans, the Company estimates the allowance for credit losses on an individual loan basis.

The following table shows the summary of activities for the allowance for credit losses as of and for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 by portfolio segment (in thousands):


	Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		1-4 Family Real Estate		Consumer		Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance, January 1, 2024	$	1,475	$	9,792	$	2,435	$	951	$	14,653
Allowance for loan loss on purchased credit deteriorated loans (PCD)	375		371		2		73		821

Provision for credit losses (1)	515		7,543		242		2,492		10,792
Charge-offs	(677)		—		—		(132)		(809)
Recoveries	64		60		72		150		346
Ending balance, December 31, 2024	$	1,752	$	17,766	$	2,751	$	3,534	$	25,803

(1) Represents credit losses for loans only. The provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income of $11,113 includes a $105 provision for held-to-maturity securities and a $216 provision for unfunded loan commitments.


	Commercial		Commercial Real Estate		1-4 Family		Consumer		Unallocated		Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance, January 1, 2023 prior to adoption of ASU 2016-13 (CECL)	$	1,820	$	7,803	601		$	284	$	340	$	10,848
Impact of adoption of ASU 2016-13	448		1,693		1,620		489		(340)		3,910
(Credit) provision for credit losses (1)	(766)		296		199		186		—		(85)
Charge-offs	(636)		—		—		(53)		—		(689)
Recoveries	609		—		15		45		—		669
Ending balance, December 31, 2023	$	1,475	$	9,792	$	2,435	$	951	$	—	$	14,653

(1) Represents credit losses for loans only. The provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income of $309 includes a $276 provision for held-to-maturity securities and a $118 provision for unfunded loan commitments.


	Commercial		Real Estate		Consumer		Unallocated		Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance, January 1, 2022	$	2,011	$	6,741	568		$	280	$	9,600
(Credit) provision for credit losses (1)	(531)		1,062		409		60		1,000
Charge-offs	(27)		—		(151)		—		(178)
Recoveries	367		—		59		—		426
Ending balance, December 31, 2022	$	1,820	$	7,803	$	885	$	340	$	10,848

(1) Represents credit losses for loans only. The provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Statements of Income of $995 includes a $(5) credit for unfunded loan commitments.

During the twelve month period ended December 31, 2024, the provision for credit losses was primarily driven by the Day 1 provision for expected credit losses related to the loan portfolio acquired to the merger with Community West Bancshares. As of April 1, 2024, the Company recorded a provision for loan losses for non PCD loans of $10,877,000 and an allowance for credit losses for PCD loans $821,000 for the loan portfolio with a fair value of $920 million. During 2024, the Company adjusted the weightings utilized for the most likely, downside, or upside economic scenarios by adding a fourth scenario. The fourth economic scenario added was a downside scenario that projected less severe economic effects as compared to the existing downside scenario used in the reserve calculation. The more moderate downside scenario was added in recognition of the risk of a broader economic downturn in the economy occurring in the next twelve months not as severe as the previous downside scenario. Management believes that the addition of the fourth scenario provides a balanced range for expected credit losses. The Company updated its peer group during the second quarter of 2024, adding peer banks within the central coast of California and also larger peer banks due to the Company’s expanded footprint and increased asset size. Management believes that the allowance for credit losses at December 31, 2024 appropriately reflected expected credit losses in the loan portfolio at that date.

The following table presents the composition of nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2024 (in thousands). There were no loans on nonaccrual as of December 31, 2023.


	December 31, 2024
	With an ACL		Without an ACL		Total Nonaccrual
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	$	—	$	120	$	120
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	—		378		378
Farmland	—		2,398		2,398
1-4 family real estate	—		2,335		2,335
Consumer	—		15		15
Manufactured housing	—		1,215		1,215
Total	$	—	$	6,461	$	6,461

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans by class of loans and by collateral type as of the dates indicated as of December 31, 2024 (in thousands). As of December 31, 2023, there were no collateral dependent loans.


	December 31, 2024
	Manufactured Homes		Real Estate		Machinery & Equipment		Total
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	$	—	$	120	$	—	$	120
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	—		—		378		378
Farmland	—		2,398		—		2,398
1-4 family real estate	—		2,335		—		2,335

Manufactured housing	1,215		—		—		1,215
Total	$	1,215	$	4,853	$	378	$	6,446

Purchased loans and leases that reflect a more-than-significant deterioration of credit quality from origination are considered PCD. At the time of acquisition, the initial estimate of expected losses is recognized in the ACL. The following table provides a summary of loans and leases purchased as part of the acquisition with credit deterioration at the time of acquisition of April 1, 2024 (in thousands):


	April 1, 2024
	Par Value of Loans Acquired		Allowance for Credit Losses at Acquisition		Non-Credit Discount at Acquisition		Purchase Price of Loans at Acquisition
Commercial	$	7,360	$	(375)	$	(416)	$	6,569
Commercial real estate	20,622		(359)		(1,037)		19,226
Farmland	1,617		(12)		(56)		1,549
1-4 family real estate	572		(2)		(24)		546
Manufacturing housing	947		(73)		(11)		863
Total	$	31,118	$	(821)	$	(1,544)	$	28,753

The following table shows the loan portfolio by class, net of deferred costs, allocated by management’s internal risk ratings for the period indicated (in thousands):


	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year As of December 31, 2024
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Converted to Term		Total
Commercial and industrial
Pass/Watch	$	29,768	$	13,064	$	16,231	$	14,639	$	4,518	$	9,457	$	44,199	$	1,022	$	132,898
Special mention	—		—		—		1,498		—		—		—		—		1,498
Substandard	29		—		1,545		—		—		1,106		6,700		—		9,380
Total	$	29,797	$	13,064	$	17,776	$	16,137	$	4,518	$	10,563	$	50,899	$	1,022	$	143,776
Current period gross write-offs	$	120	$	—	$	5	$	—	$	—	$	45	$	—	$	—	$	170

Agricultural production
Pass/Watch	$	5,152	$	284	$	—	$	9	$	—	$	300	$	31,620	$	—	$	37,365
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	5,152	$	284	$	—	$	9	$	—	$	300	$	31,620	$	—	$	37,365
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	507	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	507

Construction & other land loans
Pass/Watch	$	12,413	$	20,137	$	19,290	$	14,166	$	701	$	733	$	100	$	—	$	67,540
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	12,413	$	20,137	$	19,290	$	14,166	$	701	$	733	$	100	$	—	$	67,540
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Commercial real estate - owner occupied
Pass/Watch	$	48,191	$	23,314	$	45,741	$	43,354	$	31,354	$	117,466	$	7,086	$	—	$	316,506
Special mention	—		—		—		—		158		2,958		—		—		3,116
Substandard	—		1,765		—		—		946		584		—		—		3,295
Total	$	48,191	$	25,079	$	45,741	$	43,354	$	32,458	$	121,008	$	7,086	$	—	$	322,917
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied
Pass/Watch	$	95,131	$	115,292	$	188,516	$	118,773	$	74,762	$	261,586	$	33,453	$	1,250	$	888,763
Special mention	—		—		590		633		—		6,356		—		—		7,579
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		15,846		—		—		15,846
Total	$	95,131	$	115,292	$	189,106	$	119,406	$	74,762	$	283,788	$	33,453	$	1,250	$	912,188
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Farmland
Pass/Watch	$	7,691	$	4,945	$	21,383	$	12,288	$	29,379	$	42,815	$	5,731	$	—	$	124,232
Special mention	—		4,025		—		—		—		—		1,166		—		5,191
Substandard	—		—		3,312		—		2,029		4,962		—		—		10,303


Total	$	7,691	$	8,970	$	24,695	$	12,288	$	31,408	$	47,777	$	6,897	$	—	$	139,726
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Multi-family residential
Pass/Watch	$	12,844	$	2,950	$	31,070	$	45,835	$	13,591	$	25,555	$	1,671	$	—	$	133,516
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	12,844	$	2,950	$	31,070	$	45,835	$	13,591	$	25,555	$	1,671	$	—	$	133,516
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

1-4 family - close-ended
Pass/Watch	$	2,501	$	5,405	$	63,350	$	13,581	$	6,993	$	24,830	$	3,975	$	—	$	120,635
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	78		—		2,257		—		—		551		—		—		2,886
Total	$	2,579	$	5,405	$	65,607	$	13,581	$	6,993	$	25,381	$	3,975	$	—	$	123,521
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

1-4 family - revolving
Pass/Watch	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	29,718	$	5,808	$	35,526
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		116		116
Total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	29,718	$	5,924	$	35,642
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Manufactured housing
Pass/Watch	$	47,839	$	43,468	$	46,608	$	39,299	$	37,551	$	105,216	$	—	$	—	$	319,981
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		318		464		481		1,015		—		—		2,278
Total	$	47,839	$	43,468	$	46,926	$	39,763	$	38,032	$	106,231	$	—	$	—	$	322,259
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Other installment
Pass/Watch	$	53,869	$	22,700	$	6,254	$	4,987	$	1,371	$	5,740	$	660	$	—	$	95,581
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		15		62		37		63		13		—		—		190
Total	$	53,869	$	22,715	$	6,316	$	5,024	$	1,434	$	5,753	$	660	$	—	$	95,771
Current period gross write-offs	$	58	$	10	$	50	$	—	$	—	$	13	$	1	$	—	$	132

Total loans outstanding (risk rating):
Pass/Watch	$	315,399	$	251,559	$	438,443	$	306,931	$	200,220	$	593,698	$	158,213	$	8,080	$	2,272,543
Special mention	—		4,025		590		2,131		158		9,314		1,166		—		17,384
Substandard	107		1,780		7,494		501		3,519		24,077		6,700		116		44,294
Grand Total	$	315,506	$	257,364	$	446,527	$	309,563	$	203,897	$	627,089	$	166,079	$	8,196	$	2,334,221


Current period total gross write-offs			$	178		$	10		$	562		$	—		$	—		$	58		$	1		$	—		$	809


	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year As of December 31, 2023
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior		Revolving Loans		Revolving Converted to Term		Total
Commercial and industrial
Pass/Watch	$	19,886	$	17,129	$	21,050	$	4,643	$	1,561	$	6,980	$	29,391	$	215	$	100,855
Special mention	—		277		139		183		107		272		3,750		—		4,728
Substandard	—		—		—		156		—		66		—		—		222
Total	$	19,886	$	17,406	$	21,189	$	4,982	$	1,668	$	7,318	$	33,141	$	215	$	105,805
Current period gross write-offs	$	241	$	—	$	323	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	564

Agricultural production
Pass/Watch	$	153	$	830	$	14	$	—	$	251	$	112	$	30,241	$	999	$	32,600
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		676		—		—		—		—		300		—		976
Total	$	153	$	1,506	$	14	$	—	$	251	$	112	$	30,541	$	999	$	33,576
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Construction & other land loans
Pass/Watch	$	6,953	$	15,593	$	1,305	$	701	$	1,538	$	3,039	$	4,167	$	—	$	33,296
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	6,953	$	15,593	$	1,305	$	701	$	1,538	$	3,039	$	4,167	$	—	$	33,296
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Commercial real estate - owner occupied
Pass/Watch	$	20,648	$	25,132	$	20,783	$	39,356	$	21,831	$	80,384	$	3,207	$	—	$	211,341
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		3,026		272		—		3,298
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		497		—		—		497
Total	$	20,648	$	25,132	$	20,783	$	39,356	$	21,831	$	83,907	$	3,479	$	—	$	215,136
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied
Pass/Watch	$	81,153	$	115,031	$	77,375	$	38,307	$	12,181	$	175,419	$	19,218	$	3,216	$	521,900
Special mention	—		600		—		—		—		374		—		—		974
Substandard	—		—		—		—		13,625		2,344		—		—		15,969
Total	$	81,153	$	115,631	$	77,375	$	38,307	$	25,806	$	178,137	$	19,218	$	3,216	$	538,843
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Farmland
Pass/Watch	$	8,382	$	24,063	$	10,873	$	29,770	$	11,155	$	23,324	$	8,695	$	1,955	$	118,217


Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		2,213		—		200		—		—		2,413
Total	$	8,382	$	24,063	$	10,873	$	31,983	$	11,155	$	23,524	$	8,695	$	1,955	$	120,630
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

Multi-family residential
Pass/Watch	$	2,988	$	1,847	$	38,644	$	2,364	$	4,538	$	10,417	$	532	$	—	$	61,330
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	2,988	$	1,847	$	38,644	$	2,364	$	4,538	$	10,417	$	532	$	—	$	61,330
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

1-4 family - close-ended
Pass/Watch	$	1,689	$	64,056	$	7,898	$	2,259	$	1,703	$	18,237	$	—	$	809	$	96,651
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	1,689	$	64,056	$	7,898	$	2,259	$	1,703	$	18,237	$	—	$	809	$	96,651
Current period gross write-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

1-4 family - revolving
Pass/Watch	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	21,662	$	6,213	$	27,875
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	21,662	$	6,213	$	27,875
Current period gross write-offs	$	75	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	75

Consumer
Pass/Watch	$	34,866	$	8,745	$	6,503	$	2,265	$	2,007	$	2,398	$	643	$	4	$	57,431
Special mention	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Substandard	182		—		42		—		—		—		—		—		224
Total	$	35,048	$	8,745	$	6,545	$	2,265	$	2,007	$	2,398	$	643	$	4	$	57,655
Current period gross write-offs	$	23	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	27	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	50

Total loans outstanding (risk rating):
Pass/Watch	$	176,718	$	272,426	$	184,445	$	119,665	$	56,765	$	320,310	$	117,756	$	13,411	$	1,261,496
Special mention	—		877		139		183		107		3,672		4,022		—		9,000
Substandard	182		676		42		2,369		13,625		3,107		300		—		20,301
Grand Total	$	176,900	$	273,979	$	184,626	$	122,217	$	70,497	$	327,089	$	122,078	$	13,411	$	1,290,797
Current period total gross write-offs	$	339	$	—	$	323	$	—	$	27	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	689

The following table shows an aging analysis of the loan portfolio by class at December 31, 2024 (in thousands):


	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater Than 89 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans		Loans Past Due > 89 Days, Still Accruing		Non-accrual
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	272	$	—	$	—	$	272	$	143,150	$	143,422	$	—	$	—
Agricultural production	—		—		—		—		37,323		37,323		—		—
Real estate:
Construction & other land loans	—		—		—		—		67,869		67,869		—		—
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	242		—		—		242		322,946		323,188		—		120
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	—		—		378		378		912,787		913,165		—		378
Farmland	164		—		2,398		2,562		137,253		139,815		—		2,398
Multi-family residential	—		—		—		—		133,595		133,595		—		—
1-4 family - close-ended	2,071		1,909		78		4,058		119,387		123,445		—		2,335
1-4 family - revolving	648		—		—		648		34,773		35,421		—		—

Consumer:
Manufactured housing	535		—		460		995		321,268		322,263		—		1,215
Other installment	656		27		—		683		92,156		92,839		—		15
Deferred costs	—		—		—		—		1,876		1,876		—		—
Total	$	4,588	$	1,936	$	3,314	$	9,838	$	2,324,383	$	2,334,221	$	—	$	6,461

The following table shows an aging analysis of the loan portfolio by class at December 31, 2023 (in thousands):


	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater Than 89 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans		Loans Past Due > 89 Days, Still Accruing		Non- accrual
Commercial:
Commercial and industrial	$	25	$	—	$	—	$	25	$	105,441	$	105,466	$	—	$	—
Agricultural production	507		—		—		507		33,049		33,556		—		—
Real estate:	—
Construction & other land loans	—		—		—		—		33,472		33,472		—		—
Commercial real estate - owner occupied	—		—		—		—		215,146		215,146		—		—
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied	—		—		—		—		539,522		539,522		—		—
Farmland	—		—		—		—		120,674		120,674		—		—
Multi-family residential	—		—		—		—		61,307		61,307		—		—
1-4 family - close-ended	2,973		—		—		2,973		93,585		96,558		—		—
1-4 family - revolving	—		—		—		—		27,648		27,648		—		—

Consumer	169		68		—		237		55,369		55,606		—		—
Deferred costs	—		—		—		—		1,842		1,842		—		—
Total	$	3,674	$	68	$	—	$	3,742	$	1,287,055	$	1,290,797	$	—	$	—

Foregone interest on nonaccrual loans totaled $234,000, $0 and $132,000 for the years ended December 31, 2024, December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Interest income recognized on non-accrual loans for the years ended December 31, 2024, December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022 was $22,000, $0, and $210,000, respectively.

Under previous accounting standards, the Company had an average recorded investment in impaired loans of $3.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2022. Interest income recognized on a cash basis was not considered significant for financial reporting purposes for impaired loans during 2022.

Occasionally, the Company modifies loans to borrowers in financial distress by providing reductions of the stated interest rate of the loan or an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk. There were no loan modifications granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 or 2022.