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Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Receivables [Abstract]  
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
Note 4. Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans
 
The majority of the disclosures in this footnote are prepared at the class level, which is equivalent to the call report or call code classification. The rollforward of the allowance for credit losses is presented at the portfolio segment level. Accrued interest receivable on loans of $10,630,000 and $10,745,000 at June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 respectively is not included in the loan tables below and is included in other assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Outstanding loans are summarized by class as follows:
Loan Type (Dollars in thousands)June 30, 2025December 31, 2024
Commercial:  
Commercial and industrial$159,055 $143,422 
Agricultural production27,597 37,323 
Total commercial186,652 180,745 
Real estate:  
Construction & other land loans82,983 67,869 
Commercial real estate - owner occupied335,612 323,188 
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied938,865 913,165 
Farmland136,587 139,815 
Multi-family residential143,007 133,595 
1-4 family - close-ended111,491 123,445 
1-4 family - revolving35,454 35,421 
Total real estate1,783,999 1,736,498 
Consumer:
Manufactured housing326,463 322,263 
Other installment100,759 92,839 
Total consumer427,222 415,102 
Total gross loans2,397,873 2,332,345 
Net deferred origination costs 1,514 1,876 
Loans, net of deferred origination costs2,399,387 2,334,221 
Allowance for credit losses(28,722)(25,803)
Total loans, net$2,370,665 $2,308,418 
At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, loans originated under Small Business Administration (SBA) programs totaling $21,403,000 and $21,618,000, respectively, were included in the real estate and commercial categories, of which, $16,363,000 or 76% and $16,519,000 or 76%, respectively, were secured by government guarantees.


Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

The measurement of the allowance for credit losses on collectively evaluated loans is based on modeled expectations of lifetime expected credit losses utilizing national and local peer group historical losses, weighting of economic scenarios, and other relevant factors. The Company incorporates forward-looking information using macroeconomic scenarios, which include variables that are considered key drivers of credit losses within the portfolio. The Company uses a probability-weighted, multiple scenario forecast approach. These scenarios may consist of a base forecast representing the most likely outcome, combined with downside or upside scenarios reflecting possible worsening or improving economic conditions.

When a loan no longer shares similar risk characteristics with other loans, such as in the case of certain nonaccrual loans, the Company estimates the allowance for credit losses on an individual loan basis.

The following table shows the summary of activities for the allowance for credit losses as of and for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 by portfolio segment (in thousands):
 CommercialCommercial Real Estate1-4 Family Real EstateConsumerTotal
Allowance for credit losses:    
Beginning balance, April 1, 2025$1,782 $17,387 $2,521 $4,405 $26,095 
Provision (credit) for credit losses (1)483 1,844 (25)338 2,640 
Charge-offs(85)— — (50)(135)
Recoveries51 50 12 122 
Ending balance, June 30, 2025$2,231 $19,281 $2,505 $4,705 $28,722 
(1) Represents provision (credit) to credit losses for loans only. The provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations of $2,613 includes a $188 credit for held-to-maturity securities and a $161 provision for unfunded loan commitments.
 CommercialCommercial Real Estate1-4 Family Real EstateConsumerTotal
Allowance for credit losses:    
Beginning balance, April 1, 2024$977 $10,290 $2,189 $1,202 $14,658 
Allowance for loan loss on purchased credit deteriorated loans (PCD)375 371 73 821 
Provision for credit losses (1)171 5,965 766 2,600 9,502 
Charge-offs(46)— — (7)(53)
Recoveries— — 12 
Ending balance, June 30, 2024$1,477 $16,626 $2,965 $3,872 $24,940 
(1) Represents provision (credit) to credit losses for loans only. The provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations of $9,831 includes a $182 provision for held-to-maturity securities and a $147 provision for unfunded loan commitments.
The following table shows the summary of activities for the allowance for credit losses as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 by portfolio segment (in thousands):
 CommercialCommercial Real Estate1-4 Family Real EstateConsumerTotal
Allowance for credit losses:    
Beginning balance, January 1, 2025$1,752 $17,766 $2,751 $3,534 $25,803 
Provision (credit) for credit losses (1)448 1,465 (263)1,158 2,808 
Charge-offs(91)— — (73)(164)
Recoveries122 50 17 86 275 
Ending balance, June 30, 2025$2,231 $19,281 $2,505 $4,705 $28,722 
(1) Represents credit losses for loans only. The provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations of $2,572 includes a $370 credit for held-to-maturity securities and a $134 provision for unfunded loan commitments.

CommercialCommercial Real Estate1-4 FamilyConsumerTotal
Allowance for credit losses:    
Beginning balance, January 1, 2024$1,475 $9,792 $2,435 $951 $14,653 
Allowance for loan loss on purchased credit deteriorated loans (PCD)375 371 73 821 
Provision for credit losses (1)180 6,439 520 2,893 10,032 
Charge-offs(553)— — (75)(628)
Recoveries— 24 30 62 
Ending balance, June 30, 2024$1,477 $16,626 $2,965 $3,872 $24,940 
(1) Represents credit losses for loans only. The provision for credit losses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations of $10,407 includes a $25 provision for held-to-maturity securities and a $349 provision for unfunded loan commitments.
During the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2025, the provision for credit losses was primarily driven by loan growth and deteriorating economic forecasts utilized by the Company. Management believes that the allowance for credit losses at June 30, 2025 appropriately reflected expected credit losses in the loan portfolio at that date.

The following tables present the composition of nonaccrual loans as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 respectively (in thousands).
June 30, 2025
With an ACLWithout an ACLTotal Nonaccrual
Commercial and industrial$1,510 $— 1,510 
Commercial real estate - owner occupied— 111 111 
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied— 380 380 
Farmland— 1,525 1,525 
1-4 family real estate— 2,308 2,308 
Manufactured housing570 348 918 
Other Installment— 17 17 
Total$2,080 $4,689 $6,769 
December 31, 2024
With an ACLWithout an ACLTotal Nonaccrual
Commercial real estate - owner occupied$— $120 $120 
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied— 378 378 
Farmland— 2,398 2,398 
1-4 family real estate— 2,335 2,335 
Manufactured housing— 1,215 1,215 
Other installment— 15 15 
Total$— $6,461 $6,461 

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of collateral dependent loans by class of loans and by collateral type as of the dates indicated as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands).

June 30, 2025
Manufactured HomesReal EstateMachinery & EquipmentTotal
Commercial and industrial$— $— $1,510 $1,510 
Commercial real estate - owner occupied— 111 — $111 
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied— — 380 380 
Farmland— 1,525 — 1,525 
1-4 family real estate— 2,308 — 2,308 
Manufactured housing918 — — 918 
Total$918 $3,944 $1,890 $6,752 

December 31, 2024
Manufactured HomesReal EstateMachinery & EquipmentTotal
Commercial and industrial$— $— $— $— 
Commercial real estate - owner occupied— 120 — 120 
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied— — 378 378 
Farmland— 2,398 — 2,398 
1-4 family real estate— 2,335 — 2,335 
Manufactured housing1,215 — — 1,215 
Total$1,215 $4,853 $378 $6,446 

The Company utilizes an internal asset classification system as a means of reporting problem and potential problem loans. Loan ratings are reviewed as part of the Company's normal loan monitoring process, but, at a minimum, updated on an annual basis. Under the Company’s risk rating system, the Company rates loans with potential problems as “Special Mention,” “Substandard,” “Doubtful,” and “Loss”. The following is a description of the characteristics of loan ratings.

Special Mention - A Special Mention loan has potential weaknesses that require management's close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or in the Company's credit position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

Substandard - A Substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. These loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the full collection of amounts due. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the borrower’s deficiencies are not corrected.
Doubtful - A loan classified Doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in one classified as Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors, which may work to the advantage and strengthening of the loan, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral and refinancing plans.

Loss - Loans classified Loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable loans is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this loan even though partial recovery may be realized in the future. Losses are taken in the period in which they are considered uncollectible.

Loans not meeting the criteria above are considered to be pass or watch rated loans.

The following table shows the loan portfolio by class, net of deferred costs, allocated by management’s internal risk ratings for the period indicated. The following table also shows the charge-offs recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2025 (in thousands):
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year As of June 30, 2025
20252024202320222021PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Converted to TermTotal
Commercial and industrial
Pass/Watch$13,209 $33,692 $11,054 $15,099 $14,370 $9,965 $51,962 $— $149,351 
Special mention— — 76 595 — 49 — — 720 
Substandard— 25 — 1,510 168 888 6,657 — 9,248 
Total$13,209 $33,717 $11,130 $17,204 $14,538 $10,902 $58,619 $— $159,319 
Current period gross write-offs$91 $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $91 
Agricultural production
Pass/Watch$1,175 $1,538 $54 $— $$167 $24,118 $189 $27,248 
Special mention405 — — — — — — 405 
Substandard— — — — — — — — 
Total$1,580 $1,538 $54 $— $$167 $24,118 $189 $27,653 
Current period gross write-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Construction & other land loans
Pass/Watch$4,056 $24,478 $28,489 $19,912 $4,941 $264 $316 $— $82,456 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — 89 — — 89 
Total$4,056 $24,478 $28,489 $19,912 $4,941 $353 $316 $— $82,545 
Current period gross write-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Commercial real estate - owner occupied
Pass/Watch$22,636 $48,014 $22,637 $46,916 $42,183 $140,406 $7,591 $— $330,383 
Special mention— — — — — 1,565 — — 1,565 
Substandard— — 1,749 — — 1,494 — — 3,243 
Total$22,636 $48,014 $24,386 $46,916 $42,183 $143,465 $7,591 $— $335,191 
Current period gross write-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied
Pass/Watch$52,279 $88,896 $113,471 $186,460 $117,449 $317,134 $26,384 $— $902,073 
Special mention— 6,236 — 585 624 9,201 150 — 16,796 
Substandard— — — 1,045 — 15,784 1,834 — 18,663 
Total$52,279 $95,132 $113,471 $188,090 $118,073 $342,119 $28,368 $— $937,532 
Current period gross write-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Farmland
Pass/Watch$1,978 $4,569 $4,794 $22,639 $10,957 $67,583 $7,586 $1,500 $121,606 
Special mention220 — — — — — — — 220 
Substandard136 — 5,323 3,312 — 5,925 — — 14,696 
Total$2,334 $4,569 $10,117 $25,951 $10,957 $73,508 $7,586 $1,500 $136,522 
Current period gross write-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Multi-family residential
Pass/Watch$7,306 $12,847 $2,931 $30,994 $45,674 $29,231 $6,579 $— $135,562 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — 7,294 — — 7,294 
Total$7,306 $12,847 $2,931 $30,994 $45,674 $36,525 $6,579 $— $142,856 
Current period gross write-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
1-4 family - close-ended
Pass/Watch$578 $2,408 $4,468 $61,115 $10,766 $23,940 $5,435 $— $108,710 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— 64 — 2,244 — 538 — — 2,846 
Total$578 $2,472 $4,468 $63,359 $10,766 $24,478 $5,435 $— $111,556 
Current period gross write-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
1-4 family - revolving
Pass/Watch$— $— $— $— $— $— $30,451 $5,192 $35,643 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — 39 39 
Total$— $— $— $— $— $— $30,451 $5,231 $35,682 
Current period gross write-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Manufactured Housing
Pass/Watch$24,446 $44,579 $38,700 $44,292 $35,765 $135,850 $— $— $323,632 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— 117 370 — 405 1,907 — — 2,799 
Total$24,446 $44,696 $39,070 $44,292 $36,170 $137,757 $— $— $326,431 
Current period gross write-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Consumer
Pass/Watch$23,916 $45,188 $18,621 $4,905 $4,166 $6,453 $695 $— $103,944 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — 59 64 33 — — 156 
Total$23,916 $45,188 $18,621 $4,964 $4,230 $6,486 $695 $— $104,100 
Current period gross write-offs$73 $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $73 
Total loans outstanding (risk rating):
Pass/Watch$151,579 $306,209 $245,219 $432,332 $286,278 $730,993 $161,117 $6,881 $2,320,608 
Special mention625 6,236 76 1,180 624 10,815 150 — 19,706 
Substandard136 206 7,442 8,170 637 33,952 8,491 39 59,073 
Grand Total$152,340 $312,651 $252,737 $441,682 $287,539 $775,760 $169,758 $6,920 $2,399,387 
Current period total gross write-offs$164 $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $164 

The following table shows the loan portfolio by class, net of deferred costs, allocated by management’s internal risk ratings for the period indicated. The following table also shows the charge-offs recognized during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year As of December 31, 2024
20242023202220212020PriorRevolving LoansRevolving Converted to TermTotal
Commercial and industrial
Pass/Watch$29,768 $13,064 $16,231 $14,639 $4,518 $9,457 $44,199 $1,022 $132,898 
Special mention— — — 1,498 — — — — 1,498 
Substandard29 — 1,545 — — 1,106 6,700 — 9,380 
Total$29,797 $13,064 $17,776 $16,137 $4,518 $10,563 $50,899 $1,022 $143,776 
Current period gross write-offs$120 $— $$— $— $45 $— $— $170 
Agricultural production
Pass/Watch$5,152 $284 $— $$— $300 $31,620 $— $37,365 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Total$5,152 $284 $— $$— $300 $31,620 $— $37,365 
Current period gross write-offs$— $— $507 $— $— $— $— $— $507 
Construction & other land loans
Pass/Watch$12,413 $20,137 $19,290 $14,166 $701 $733 $100 $— $67,540 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Total$12,413 $20,137 $19,290 $14,166 $701 $733 $100 $— $67,540 
Current period gross write-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Commercial real estate - owner occupied
Pass/Watch$48,191 $23,314 $45,741 $43,354 $31,354 $117,466 $7,086 $— $316,506 
Special mention— — — — 158 2,958 — — 3,116 
Substandard— 1,765 — — 946 584 — — 3,295 
Total$48,191 $25,079 $45,741 $43,354 $32,458 $121,008 $7,086 $— $322,917 
Current period gross write-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied
Pass/Watch$95,131 $115,292 $188,516 $118,773 $74,762 $261,586 $33,453 $1,250 $888,763 
Special mention— — 590 633 — 6,356 — — 7,579 
Substandard— — — — — 15,846 — — 15,846 
Total$95,131 $115,292 $189,106 $119,406 $74,762 $283,788 $33,453 $1,250 $912,188 
Current period gross write-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Farmland
Pass/Watch$7,691 $4,945 $21,383 $12,288 $29,379 $42,815 $5,731 $— $124,232 
Special mention— 4,025 — — — — 1,166 — 5,191 
Substandard— — 3,312 — 2,029 4,962 — — 10,303 
Total$7,691 $8,970 $24,695 $12,288 $31,408 $47,777 $6,897 $— $139,726 
Current period gross write-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Multi-family residential
Pass/Watch$12,844 $2,950 $31,070 $45,835 $13,591 $25,555 $1,671 $— $133,516 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — — — 
Total$12,844 $2,950 $31,070 $45,835 $13,591 $25,555 $1,671 $— $133,516 
Current period gross write-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
1-4 family - close-ended
Pass/Watch$2,501 $5,405 $63,350 $13,581 $6,993 $24,830 $3,975 $— $120,635 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard78 — 2,257 — — 551 — — 2,886 
Total$2,579 $5,405 $65,607 $13,581 $6,993 $25,381 $3,975 $— $123,521 
Current period gross write-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
1-4 family - revolving
Pass/Watch$— $— $— $— $— $— $29,718 $5,808 $35,526 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — — — — — — 116 116 
Total$— $— $— $— $— $— $29,718 $5,924 $35,642 
Current period gross write-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Manufactured Housing
Pass/Watch$47,839 $43,468 $46,608 $39,299 $37,551 $105,216 $— $— $319,981 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— — 318 464 481 1,015 — — 2,278 
Total47,839 43,468 46,926 39,763 38,032 106,231 — — 322,259 
Current period gross write-offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— $— — 
Consumer
Pass/Watch$53,869 $22,700 $6,254 $4,987 $1,371 $5,740 $660 $— $95,581 
Special mention— — — — — — — — — 
Substandard— 15 62 37 63 13 — — 190 
Total$53,869 $22,715 $6,316 $5,024 $1,434 $5,753 $660 $— $95,771 
Current period gross write-offs$58 $10 $50 $— $— $13 $$— $132 
Total loans outstanding (risk rating):
Pass/Watch$315,399 $251,559 $438,443 $306,931 $200,220 $593,698 $158,213 $8,080 $2,272,543 
Special mention— 4,025 590 2,131 158 9,314 1,166 — 17,384 
Substandard107 1,780 7,494 501 3,519 24,077 6,700 116 44,294 
Grand Total$315,506 $257,364 $446,527 $309,563 $203,897 $627,089 $166,079 $8,196 $2,334,221 
Current period total gross write-offs$178 $10 $562 $— $— $58 $$— $809 


The following table shows an aging analysis of the loan portfolio by class at June 30, 2025 (in thousands):

 30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89
Days Past
Due
Greater
Than
 89 Days
Past Due
Total Past
Due
CurrentTotal
Loans
Loans Past Due > 89 Days, Still AccruingNon-accrual
Commercial:        
Commercial and industrial$216 $— $1,510 $1,726 $157,329 $159,055 $— $1,510 
Agricultural production— — — — 27,597 27,597 — — 
Real estate:   
Construction & other land loans— — — — 82,983 82,983 — — 
Commercial real estate - owner occupied— — — — 335,612 335,612 — 111 
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied— — 380 380 938,485 938,865 — 380 
Farmland— — 1,525 1,525 135,062 136,587 — 1,525 
Multi-family residential— — — — 143,007 143,007 — — 
1-4 family - close-ended— 779 1,727 2,506 108,985 111,491 — 2,308 
1-4 family - revolving— — — — 35,454 35,454 — — 
Consumer:    
Manufactured housing42078 163 661325,802 326,463 — 918 
Other installment216— — 216100,543 100,759 — 17 
Deferred costs— — — — 1,514 1,514 — — 
Total$852 $857 $5,305 $7,014 $2,392,373 $2,399,387 $— $6,769 
The following table shows an aging analysis of the loan portfolio by class at December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

 30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89
Days Past
Due
Greater
Than
 89 Days
Past Due
Total Past
Due
CurrentTotal
Loans
Loans Past Due > 89 Days, Still AccruingNon-
accrual
Commercial:        
Commercial and industrial$272 $— $— $272 $143,150 $143,422 $— $— 
Agricultural production— — — — 37,323 37,323 — — 
Real estate:      
Construction & other land loans— — — — 67,869 67,869 — — 
Commercial real estate - owner occupied242 — — 242 322,946 323,188 — 120 
Commercial real estate - non-owner occupied— — 378 378 912,787 913,165 — 378 
Farmland164 — 2,398 2,562 137,253 139,815  2,398 
Multi-family residential— — — — 133,595 133,595 — — 
1-4 family - close-ended2,071 1,909 78 4,058 119,387 123,445 — 2,335 
1-4 family - revolving648 — — 648 34,773 35,421 — — 
Consumer:
Manufactured housing535 460 995 321,268 322,263 — 1,215 
Other installment656 27 — 683 92,156 92,839 — 15 
Deferred costs— — — — 1,876 1,876 — — 
Total$4,588 $1,936 $3,314 $9,838 $2,324,383 $2,334,221 $— $6,461 


There was $117,541 and $199,416 foregone interest on nonaccrual loans for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2025, respectively. There was $83,000 foregone interest on nonaccrual loans for the three and six months periods ended June 30, 2024. There was no interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans during the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Occasionally, the Company modifies loans to borrowers in financial distress by providing reductions of the stated interest rate of the loan or an extension of the maturity date at a stated rate of interest lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk. There were no loan modifications granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three or six month periods ended June 30, 2025 or 2024.