XML 29 R19.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.24.1.u1
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Receivables [Abstract]  
Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

Note 10 – Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

We adopted the new current expected credit loss accounting guidance, CECL, and all related amendments as of January 1, 2022. Similar to practice under legacy GAAP, the ACL on the loan portfolio is a valuation allowance deducted from the recorded balance in loans.  However, under CECL the ACL represents principal which is not expected to be collected over the contractual life of the loans, adjusted for expected prepayment, whereas under legacy GAAP the allowance represented only losses already incurred as of the balance sheet date. The ACL is increased by a provision for credit losses charged to expense, and by principal recovered on charged-off balances. It is reduced by principal charge-offs. The amount of the allowance is based on management’s evaluation of the collectability of the loan portfolio, using information from internal and external sources, relating to past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.  Adjustments are also made for changes in risk profile, credit concentrations, historical trends, and other economic conditions.

The Company elected the practical expedient available under CECL to exclude accrued interest receivable from the amortized cost basis of all categorizations of loans, and as a result did not estimate reserves on accrued interest receivable balances, as any past due interest income is reversed on a timely basis. Accrued interest receivable on loans of $6.8 million and $5.6 million at March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively is included in other assets on the Company’s balance sheet.

The following table presents loans by class as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023. The majority of the disclosures in this footnote are prepared at the class level which is equivalent to the call report or call code classification. The final table in this section separates a roll forward of the Allowance for Credit Losses at the portfolio segment level.

Loan Distribution

(dollars in thousands, unaudited)

    

March 31, 2024

    

December 31, 2023

Real estate:

Residential real estate

$

406,443

$

412,063

Commercial real estate

1,327,482

1,328,224

Other construction/land

6,115

6,256

Farmland

66,133

67,276

Total real estate

1,806,173

1,813,819

Other commercial

143,448

156,272

Mortgage warehouse lines

203,561

116,000

Consumer loans

3,682

3,984

Subtotal

2,156,864

2,090,075

Net deferred loan fees and costs

214

309

Loans, amortized cost basis

2,157,078

2,090,384

Allowance for credit losses

(23,140)

(23,500)

Net Loans

$

2,133,938

$

2,066,884

The Company places loans on nonaccrual status when management has determined that the full repayment of principal and collection of contractually agreed upon interest is unlikely or when the loan in question has become delinquent more than 90 days. The Company may decide that it is appropriate to continue to accrue interest on certain loans more than 90 days delinquent if they are well-secured by collateral and collection is in process. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, any accrued but uncollected interest for the loan is reversed out of interest income in the period in which the loan’s status changed. For loans with an interest reserve, i.e., where loan proceeds are advanced to the borrower to make interest payments, all interest recognized from the inception of the loan is reversed when the loan is placed on nonaccrual. Once a loan is on nonaccrual status subsequent payments received from the customer are applied to principal, and no further interest income is recognized until the principal has been paid in full or until circumstances have changed such that payments are again consistently received as contractually required. Generally, loans are not restored to accrual status until the obligation is brought current and has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time, and the ultimate collectability of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt.

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of nonaccrual loans, according to loan class, with and without individually evaluated reserves as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023:

Nonaccrual Loans

(dollars in thousands, unaudited)

March 31, 2024

Nonaccrual Loans

    

With no allowance for credit loss

    

With an allowance for credit loss

Total

Loans Past Due 90+ Accruing

Real estate:

Residential real estate

$

95

$

$

95

$

Commercial real estate

7,437

7,437

Farmland

6,503

6,503

Total real estate

6,598

7,437

14,035

Other commercial

153

153

Consumer loans

Total

$

6,751

$

7,437

$

14,188

$

December 31, 2023

Nonaccrual Loans

    

With no allowance for credit loss

    

With an allowance for credit loss

Total

Loans Past Due 90+ Accruing

Real estate:

Residential real estate

$

414

$

$

414

$

Commercial real estate

7,457

7,457

Farmland

Total real estate

414

7,457

7,871

Other commercial

114

114

14

Consumer loans

Total

$

528

$

7,457

$

7,985

$

14

The Company did not recognize any interest on nonaccrual loans during the three months ended March 31, 2024, and would have recognized an additional $0.003 million in interest income on nonaccrual loans had those loans not been designated as nonaccrual. Due to loans being placed on nonaccrual status, during the three months ended March 31, 2023, $0.04 million of interest receivable on loans was reversed against interest income.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by class as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023:

Collateral Dependent Loans

(dollars in thousands, unaudited)

March 31, 2024

December 31, 2023

    

Amortized Cost

Individual Reserves

Amortized Cost

Individual Reserves

Real estate:

Residential real estate

$

95

$

$

414

$

Commercial real estate

7,437

1,548

7,457

1,600

Farmland

6,503

Total real estate

14,035

1,548

7,871

1,600

Other commercial

153

114

Total Loans

$

14,188

$

1,548

$

7,985

$

1,600

During the first three months of 2024 the amortized cost balance of collateral-dependent loans increased by $6.2 million due primarily to a single agriculture real estate secured loan, offset by declines resulting from upgrades and payoffs. The weighted average loan-to-value ratio of collateral dependent loans was 100% at March 31, 2024.  There were no collateral dependent loans in the process of foreclosure as of March 31, 2024.

The following tables presents the aging of the amortized cost basis in past-due loans, according to class, as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023:

Past Due Loans

(dollars in thousands, unaudited)

March 31, 2024

    

30-59 Days Past Due

    

60-89 Days Past Due

Loans Past Due 90+ Days

Total Past Due

Loans not Past Due

Total Loans

Real estate:

Residential real estate

$

868

$

$

20

$

888

$

406,727

$

407,615

Commercial real estate

507

7,437

7,944

1,316,821

1,324,765

Other construction/land

6,139

6,139

Farmland

6,503

6,503

59,844

66,347

Total real estate

1,375

6,503

7,457

15,335

1,789,531

1,804,866

Other commercial

184

1

103

288

144,586

144,874

Mortgage warehouse lines

203,561

203,561

Consumer loans

3

3

3,774

3,777

Total Loans

$

1,562

$

6,504

$

7,560

$

15,626

$

2,141,452

$

2,157,078

December 31, 2023

    

30-59 Days Past Due

    

60-89 Days Past Due

Loans Past Due 90+ Days

Total Past Due

Loans not Past Due

Total Loans

Real estate:

Residential real estate

$

1,768

$

$

$

1,768

$

411,494

$

413,262

Commercial real estate

1,325,494

1,325,494

Other construction/land

6,268

6,268

Farmland

67,510

67,510

Total real estate

1,768

1,768

1,810,766

1,812,534

Other commercial

158

171

14

343

157,417

157,760

Mortgage warehouse lines

116,000

116,000

Consumer loans

47

47

4,043

4,090

Total Loans

$

1,973

$

171

$

14

$

2,158

$

2,088,226

$

2,090,384

Loan Modifications

Occasionally, the Company modifies loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by providing principal forgiveness, rate reductions, payment deferral, or term extension. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amount of forgiveness is charged-off against the allowance for credit losses.

In some cases, the Company provides multiple types on concessions on one loan. Typically, one type of concession, such as a term extension, is granted initially. If the borrower continues to experience financial difficulty, another concession, such as principal forgiveness, may be granted. For the loans included in the “combination” columns below, multiple types of modifications have been made on the same loan within the current reporting period. The combination is at least two of the following: principal forgiveness, rate reduction, payment deferral, and/or term extension.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans at March 31, 2024 that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the quarter ended March 31, 2024, by class and by type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost basis of loans that were modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty as compared to the amortized cost basis of each class of financing receivable is also presented below (dollars in thousands):

Loans to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

(dollars in thousands, unaudited)

March 31, 2024

    

Principal Forgiveness

Term Extension

Combination Term Extension Interest Rate Reduction

Total Class of Financing Receivable

Real estate:

Residential real estate

$

$

$

Commercial real estate

0.00%

Other construction/land

240

3.91%

Farmland

Total real estate

240

0.01%

Other commercial

170

0.12%

Consumer loans

Total

$

$

410

$

0.02%

The following table presents the financial effect of the loan modifications presented above to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the year ended March 31, 2024:

Borrower Experiencing Financial Difficulty - Financial Effect

(dollars in thousands, unaudited)

March 31, 2024

    

Principal Forgiveness

    

Weighted-Average Interest Rate Reduction

Weighted-Average Term Extension (years)

Real estate:

Residential real estate

$

Commercial real estate

$

Other construction/land

$

3.00

Farmland

$

Other commercial

$

3.94

Mortgage warehouse lines

$

Consumer loans

$

There were no payment defaults on loans previously modified in the preceding 12 months for either of the quarters ending March 31, 2024, and 2023. For the purpose of this disclosure the Company defines a payment default as 90 days past due.

The Company had no additional funds committed on loans which have been modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

The Company monitors the credit quality of loans on a continuous basis using the regulatory and accounting classifications of pass, special mention and substandard to characterize and qualify the associated credit risk. Loans classified as “loss” are immediately charged-off. The Company uses the following definitions of risk classifications:

Pass – Loans listed as pass include larger non-homogeneous loans not meeting the risk rating definitions below and smaller, homogeneous loans not assessed on an individual basis.

Special Mention – Loans classified as special mention have the potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date.

Substandard – Loans classified as substandard are those loans with clear and well-defined weaknesses such as a highly leveraged position, unfavorable financial operating results and/or trends, or uncertain repayment sources or poor financial condition, which may jeopardize ultimate recoverability of the debt.

The following tables present the amortized cost of loans by credit quality classification in addition to loan vintage as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023:

Loan Credit Quality by Vintage

(dollars in thousands, unaudited)

March 31, 2024

Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year

2024

2023

2022

2021

2020

Prior

Revolving Loans Amortized Cost

Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans

Total Loans

Residential real estate

Pass

$

$

$

101,467

$

226,926

$

7,559

$

51,864

$

14,070

$

2,262

$

404,148

Special mention

2,714

279

2,993

Substandard

240

20

214

474

Subtotal

101,467

226,926

7,559

54,818

14,090

2,755

407,615

Commercial real estate

Pass

17,809

109,867

273,653

57,509

469,266

292,669

26,133

1,246,906

Special mention

146

37,501

12,260

1,500

51,407

Substandard

21,770

4,682

26,452

Subtotal

17,809

110,013

273,653

57,509

528,537

309,611

27,633

1,324,765

Other construction/land

Pass

240

351

3,596

1,952

6,139

Special mention

Substandard

Subtotal

240

351

3,596

1,952

6,139

Farmland

Pass

950

6,788

11,535

11,734

2,623

13,554

2,782

387

50,353

Special mention

835

8,206

9,041

Substandard

6,953

6,953

Subtotal

950

6,788

11,535

11,734

3,458

28,713

2,782

387

66,347

Other commercial

Pass

891

18,501

6,135

2,476

6,341

12,725

89,409

1,142

137,620

Special mention

16

75

250

2,724

21

252

3,743

7,081

Substandard

1

50

103

19

173

Subtotal

908

18,576

6,135

2,776

9,065

12,849

89,661

4,904

144,874

Mortgage warehouse lines

Pass

203,561

203,561

Subtotal

203,561

203,561

Consumer loans

Pass

576

633

195

82

77

250

1,899

3,712

Special mention

14

3

17

Substandard

2

46

48

Subtotal

578

679

195

82

91

253

1,899

3,777

Total

$

20,485

$

136,407

$

392,985

$

299,027

$

552,306

$

408,196

$

339,625

$

8,046

$

2,157,078

Gross charge-offs

$

392

$

24

$

5

$

3

$

20

$

410

$

274

$

$

1,128

Loan Credit Quality by Vintage

(dollars in thousands, unaudited)

December 31, 2023

Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year

2023

2022

2021

2020

2019

Prior

Revolving Loans Amortized Cost

Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans

Total Loans

Residential real estate

Pass

$

$

104,141

$

228,849

$

7,611

$

1,979

$

50,295

$

12,797

$

2,302

$

407,974

Special mention

1,241

2,942

20

284

4,487

Substandard

494

115

192

801

Subtotal

104,141

230,090

7,611

1,979

53,731

12,932

2,778

413,262

Commercial real estate

Pass

112,254

275,626

58,310

475,353

51,100

251,163

22,929

1,246,735

Special mention

148

39,654

3,010

8,489

51,301

Substandard

21,872

5,586

27,458

Subtotal

112,402

275,626

58,310

536,879

54,110

265,238

22,929

1,325,494

Other construction/land

Pass

352

3,646

638

1,632

6,268

Special mention

Substandard

Subtotal

352

3,646

638

1,632

6,268

Farmland

Pass

6,731

11,645

11,793

2,650

1,652

11,608

2,750

394

49,223

Special mention

840

10,471

11,311

Substandard

6,976

6,976

Subtotal

6,731

11,645

11,793

3,490

1,652

29,055

2,750

394

67,510

Other commercial

Pass

18,319

6,501

2,666

6,622

4,534

9,354

101,163

1,171

150,330

Special mention

273

2,783

128

143

3,748

7,075

Substandard

55

208

92

355

Subtotal

18,319

6,501

2,994

9,405

4,534

9,482

101,514

5,011

157,760

Mortgage warehouse lines

Pass

116,000

116,000

Subtotal

116,000

116,000

Consumer loans

Pass

1,366

229

102

82

67

177

1,949

3,972

Special mention

15

35

13

63

Substandard

55

55

Subtotal

1,421

229

102

97

67

212

1,962

4,090

Total

$

139,225

$

398,142

$

303,289

$

561,128

$

62,980

$

359,350

$

258,087

$

8,183

$

2,090,384

Gross charge-offs

$

2,145

$

45

$

250

$

2,266

$

81

$

1,345

$

489

$

$

6,621

CECL replaces the legacy accounting for loans designated as purchased credit impaired (“PCI”) with loans designated as purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”).  PCD loans are loans acquired or purchased, which as of acquisition, had evidence of more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination. Due to the immaterial balance in the Company’s PCI loans as of December 31, 2021, management elected not to transition these loans into the PCD designation. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had no loans categorized as PCD.  

As noted in footnote 3, on January 1, 2022, the Company implemented CECL and increased our ACL, previously the allowance for loan losses, with a $9.5 million cumulative adjustment.  The Company’s ACL is calculated quarterly, with any difference in the calculated ACL and the recorded ACL trued-up through an entry to the provision for credit losses. For purposes of estimating the Company’s ACL, Management generally evaluates collectively evaluated loans by Federal Call code in order to group loans with similar risk characteristics together, however management has grouped loans in selected call codes together in determining portfolio segments, due to similar risk characteristics and reserve methodologies used for certain call code classifications.  

Management calculates the quantitative portion of collectively evaluated reserves for all loan categories, with the exception of Farmland, Agricultural Production and Consumer loans, using a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) methodology. For purposes of calculating the quantitative portion of collectively evaluated reserves on Farmland, Agricultural Production, and Consumer categories a Remaining Life methodology is utilized.

The DCF quantitative reserve methodology incorporates the consideration of probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”) estimates to estimate periodic losses.  The PD estimates are derived through the application of reasonable and supportable economic forecasts to call code specific regression models, derived from the consideration of historical bank-specific and peer loss-rate data.  The loss rate data has been regressed against benchmark economic indicators, for which reasonable and supportable forecasts exist, in the development of the call-code specific regression models. Regression models are generally refreshed on an annual basis, in order to pull in more recent loss rate data. Reasonable and supportable forecasts of the selected economic metric are then input into the regression model to calculate an expected default rate. The expected default rates are then applied to expected monthly loan balances estimated through the consideration of contractual repayment terms and expected prepayments. The Company utilizes a four-quarter forecast period, after which the expected default rates revert to the historical average for each call code, over a four-quarter reversion period, on a straight-line basis. The prepayment assumptions applied to expected cash flow over the contractual life of the loans are estimated based on historical, bank-specific experience, peer data and the consideration of current and expected conditions and circumstances including the level of interest rates.  The prepayment assumptions may be updated by Management in the event that changing conditions impact Management’s estimate or additional historical data gathered has resulted in the need for a reevaluation. LGD utilized in the DCF is derived from the application of the Frye-Jacobs theory which relates LGD to PD based on historical peer data, as calculated by a third-party. Economic forecasts are considered over a four-quarter forecast period, with reversion to mean occurring on a straight-line basis over four quarters. The call code regression models utilized upon implementation of CECL on January 1, 2022, and as of March 31, 2024, were identical, and relied upon reasonable and supportable forecasts of the National Unemployment Rate.  Management selected the National Unemployment Rate as the driver of quantitative portion of collectively reserves on loan classes reliant upon the DCF methodology, primarily as a result of high correlation coefficients identified in regression modeling, the availability of forecasts including the quarterly FOMC forecast, and given the widespread familiarity of stakeholders with this economic metric.

The quantitative reserves for Farmland, Agricultural Production and Consumer loans are calculated using a Remaining Life methodology where average historical bank specific and peer loss rates are applied to expected loan balances over an estimated remaining life of loans in calculation of the quantitative portion of collectively evaluated loans in these classes.  The estimated remaining life is calculated using historical bank-specific loan attrition data. For the Farmland, Agricultural Production and Consumer classes of loans, reasonable and supportable forecasts of the National Unemployment rate, real GDP and the housing price index are considered through estimation of qualitative reserves.  

Management recognizes that there are additional factors impacting risk of loss in the loan portfolio beyond what is captured in the quantitative portion of reserves on collectively evaluated loans.  As current and expected conditions, may vary compared with conditions over the historical lookback period, which is utilized in the calculation of quantitative reserves, management considers whether additional or reduced reserve levels on collectively evaluated loans may be warranted given the consideration of a variety of qualitative factors. Several of the following qualitative factors (“Q-factors”) considered by management reflect the legacy regulatory guidance on Q-factors, whereas several others represent factors unique to the Company or unique to the current time period.

Changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, and recovery practices
Changes in international, regional and local economic and business conditions, and developments that affect the collectability of the portfolio, as reflected in forecasts of the Housing Price Index, Real GDP and the National Unemployment Rate (Farmland & Agricultural Production and Consumer segments only)
Changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio
Changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff
Changes in the volume and severity of past due, nonaccruals loans, and adversely classified loans, as reflected in changes of the relative level of loans classified as substandard and special mention
Changes in the quality of the Bank’s loan review processes
Changes in the value of underlying collateral for loans not identified as collateral dependent
Changes in loan categorization concentrations  
Other external factors, which include, the influence of peer data on estimated quantitative reserves, residual COVID-19 related risk, expected impact of current and expected inflationary environment, reliance on the National Unemployment rate as opposed to the California unemployment rate in the calculation of quantitative reserves, the expected impact of current and expected geo-political conditions

The qualitative portion of the Company’s reserves on collectively evaluated loans are calculated using a combination of numeric frameworks and management judgement, to determine risk categorizations in each of the Q-factors presented above.  The amount of qualitative reserves is also contingent upon the historical peer, life-of-loan-equivalent, loss rate ranges and the relative weighting of Q-factors according to management’s judgement.  

Although collectively evaluated reserves are generally calculated separately at the call code or loan class level, management has grouped loan classes with similar risk characteristics into the following portfolio segments: Residential Real Estate, Commercial Real Estate, Farmland & Agricultural Production, Commercial & Industrial, Mortgage Warehouse and Consumer loans.  Loans secured by Residential Real Estate have a different profile from loans secured by Commercial Real Estate. Generally, the borrowers for Residential Real Estate loans are consumers whereas borrowers for Commercial Real Estate are often businesses.  The COVID-19 pandemic illustrated how these different categories of real estate loans were subject to different risks, which was exacerbated by the widespread work-from-home model adopted by many companies during and since the pandemic. Farmland and Agricultural Production loans are included in a single segment as these loans are often times to the same borrowers, facing the same risks relating to commodity prices, water supply and drought conditions in addition to other environmental concerns. Commercial & Industrial loans are separated into a unique segment given the uniqueness of these loans, which are often revolving and secured by other business assets as opposed to real estate. Mortgage warehouse loans are also unique in the Company’s portfolio and warrant separate presentation as an individual portfolio segment, given the specific nature of these constantly revolving lines to mortgage originators and also attributable to a very limited loss history, even after consideration of peer data.  Finally, the Company splits out Consumer loans as a separate segment as a result of the small balance, homogeneous terms that characterize these loans.

Management individually evaluates loans that do not share risk characteristics with other loans when estimating reserves.  As of March 31, 2024, the only loans that Management considered to have different risk characteristics from other loans sharing the same Federal Call Report code were loans designated nonaccrual.

The following tables present the activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the quarters ended March 31, 2024, and 2023:

Allowance for Credit Losses and Recorded Investment in Financing Receivables

(dollars in thousands, unaudited)

    

Residential Real Estate

Commercial Real Estate

    

Farmland & Agricultural Production

    

Commercial & Industrial

Mortgage Warehouse

    

Consumer

    

Total

Allowance for credit losses:

Balance, December 31, 2023

$

2,727

$

18,554

$

586

$

1,148

$

174

$

311

$

23,500

Charge-offs

(20)

(410)

(287)

(411)

(1,128)

Recoveries

440

231

671

(Benefit) provision for credit losses

(184)

117

379

(456)

131

110

97

Ending allowance balance:

$

2,543

$

18,651

$

555

$

845

$

305

$

241

$

23,140

    

Residential Real Estate

Commercial Real Estate

    

Farmland & Agricultural Production

    

Commercial & Industrial

Mortgage Warehouse

    

Consumer

    

Total

Allowance for credit losses:

Balance, December 31, 2022

$

3,593

$

17,319

$

376

$

1,133

$

41

$

340

$

22,802

Charge-offs

(85)

(371)

(456)

Recoveries

36

196

232

(Benefit) provision for credit losses

(262)

249

1,034

67

6

118

1,212

Ending allowance balance:

$

3,331

$

17,568

$

1,410

$

1,151

$

47

$

283

$

23,790

There were no significant changes in the Company’s loan portfolio ACL in the first quarter of 2024.