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civb:Trust_Preferred_Securities civb:Segment
Exhibit 13.1

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ANNUAL REPORT

Five –Year Selected Consolidated Financial Data |  |  | 1 |
Common Shares and Shareholder Matters |  |  | 4 |
General Development of Business |  |  | 4 |
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  |  | 5 |
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk |  |  | 19 |
Financial Statements |  |  |  |
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting |  |  | 24 |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control Over Financial Statements |  |  | 25 |
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Financial Statements |  |  | 27 |
Consolidated Balance Sheets |  |  | 30 |
Consolidated Statements of Operations |  |  | 31 |
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income |  |  | 32 |
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity |  |  | 33 |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow |  |  | 34 |
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |  |  | 36 |

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Five-Year Selected Consolidated Financial Data
(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)

|  | Year ended December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Statements of income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total interest and dividend income |  | $ | 101,742 |  |  | $ | 99,865 |  |  | $ | 98,054 |  |  | $ | 73,677 |  |  | $ | 58,594 |
Total interest expense |  |  | 6,317 |  |  |  | 10,138 |  |  |  | 12,954 |  |  |  | 7,570 |  |  |  | 4,092 |
Net interest income |  |  | 95,425 |  |  |  | 89,727 |  |  |  | 85,100 |  |  |  | 66,107 |  |  |  | 54,502 |
Provision for loan losses |  |  | 830 |  |  |  | 10,112 |  |  |  | 1,035 |  |  |  | 780 |  |  |  | — |
Net interest income after provision for loan losses |  |  | 94,595 |  |  |  | 79,615 |  |  |  | 84,065 |  |  |  | 65,327 |  |  |  | 54,502 |
Net gain (loss) on sale of securities |  |  | 1,786 |  |  |  | 94 |  |  |  | 32 |  |  |  | (413 | ) |  |  | 12 |
Other noninterest income |  |  | 29,666 |  |  |  | 28,088 |  |  |  | 22,411 |  |  |  | 18,544 |  |  |  | 16,322 |
Total noninterest income |  |  | 31,452 |  |  |  | 28,182 |  |  |  | 22,443 |  |  |  | 18,131 |  |  |  | 16,334 |
Total noninterest expense |  |  | 78,484 |  |  |  | 70,665 |  |  |  | 66,947 |  |  |  | 66,679 |  |  |  | 48,604 |
Income before federal income taxes |  |  | 47,563 |  |  |  | 37,132 |  |  |  | 39,561 |  |  |  | 16,779 |  |  |  | 22,232 |
Federal income tax expense |  |  | 7,017 |  |  |  | 4,940 |  |  |  | 5,683 |  |  |  | 2,640 |  |  |  | 6,360 |
Net income |  | $ | 40,546 |  |  | $ | 32,192 |  |  | $ | 33,878 |  |  | $ | 14,139 |  |  | $ | 15,872 |
Preferred stock dividends and discount accretion |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 647 |  |  |  | 959 |  |  |  | 1,244 |
Allocation of earnings and dividends to participating securities |  |  | 173 |  |  |  | 98 |  |  |  | 87 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net income available to common shareholders |  | $ | 40,373 |  |  | $ | 32,094 |  |  | $ | 33,144 |  |  | $ | 13,180 |  |  | $ | 14,628 |
Per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income available to common shareholders (basic) |  |  | 2.63 |  |  |  | 2.00 |  |  |  | 2.12 |  |  |  | 1.10 |  |  |  | 1.48 |
Net income available to common shareholders (diluted) |  |  | 2.63 |  |  |  | 2.00 |  |  |  | 2.01 |  |  |  | 1.02 |  |  |  | 1.28 |
Dividends declared |  |  | 0.52 |  |  |  | 0.44 |  |  |  | 0.42 |  |  |  | 0.32 |  |  |  | 0.25 |
Book value |  |  | 23.75 |  |  |  | 22.02 |  |  |  | 19.78 |  |  |  | 18.56 |  |  |  | 16.39 |
Average common shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 15,353,215 |  |  |  | 16,080,863 |  |  |  | 15,612,868 |  |  |  | 11,971,786 |  |  |  | 9,906,856 |
Diluted |  |  | 15,343,215 |  |  |  | 16,080,863 |  |  |  | 16,851,740 |  |  |  | 13,855,706 |  |  |  | 12,352,616 |
Year-end balances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans, net |  | $ | 1,971,238 |  |  | $ | 2,032,474 |  |  | $ | 1,694,203 |  |  | $ | 1,548,262 |  |  | $ | 1,151,527 |
Securities |  |  | 577,957 |  |  |  | 384,887 |  |  |  | 379,970 |  |  |  | 368,385 |  |  |  | 245,309 |
Total assets |  |  | 3,011,983 |  |  |  | 2,762,918 |  |  |  | 2,309,557 |  |  |  | 2,138,954 |  |  |  | 1,525,857 |
Deposits |  |  | 2,416,701 |  |  |  | 2,189,398 |  |  |  | 1,678,764 |  |  |  | 1,579,893 |  |  |  | 1,204,923 |
Borrowings |  |  | 203,308 |  |  |  | 183,341 |  |  |  | 274,601 |  |  |  | 245,226 |  |  |  | 123,082 |
Shareholders’ equity |  |  | 355,212 |  |  |  | 350,108 |  |  |  | 330,126 |  |  |  | 298,898 |  |  |  | 184,461 |
Average balances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans, net |  | $ | 2,026,907 |  |  | $ | 1,953,472 |  |  | $ | 1,598,991 |  |  | $ | 1,261,568 |  |  | $ | 1,095,956 |
Securities |  |  | 450,599 |  |  |  | 386,703 |  |  |  | 372,886 |  |  |  | 273,998 |  |  |  | 234,249 |
Total assets |  |  | 3,032,382 |  |  |  | 2,754,708 |  |  |  | 2,241,111 |  |  |  | 1,742,823 |  |  |  | 1,526,387 |
Deposits |  |  | 2,422,938 |  |  |  | 2,078,454 |  |  |  | 1,689,801 |  |  |  | 1,341,860 |  |  |  | 1,236,663 |
Borrowings |  |  | 156,206 |  |  |  | 288,551 |  |  |  | 208,932 |  |  |  | 167,752 |  |  |  | 101,880 |
Shareholders’ equity |  |  | 349,203 |  |  |  | 336,461 |  |  |  | 318,306 |  |  |  | 217,371 |  |  |  | 172,763 |

1

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Five-Year Selected Ratios

|  | Year ended December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2017 |
Net interest margin (1) |  |  | 3.47 | % |  |  | 3.70 | % |  |  | 4.31 | % |  |  | 4.21 | % |  |  | 4.01 | %
Return on average total assets |  |  | 1.34 |  |  |  | 1.17 |  |  |  | 1.51 |  |  |  | 0.81 |  |  |  | 1.04 |
Return on average shareholders’ equity |  |  | 11.61 |  |  |  | 9.57 |  |  |  | 10.64 |  |  |  | 6.50 |  |  |  | 9.19 |
Dividend payout ratio |  |  | 19.77 |  |  |  | 22.00 |  |  |  | 19.81 |  |  |  | 29.09 |  |  |  | 16.89 |
Average shareholders’ equity as a percent of average total assets |  |  | 11.52 |  |  |  | 12.21 |  |  |  | 14.20 |  |  |  | 12.47 |  |  |  | 11.32 |
Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) as a percent of average total loans |  |  | (0.04 | ) |  |  | (0.01 | ) |  |  | (0.00 | ) |  |  | 0.02 |  |  |  | 0.02 |
Allowance for loan losses as a percent of loans at year-end |  |  | 1.33 |  |  |  | 1.22 |  |  |  | 0.86 |  |  |  | 0.88 |  |  |  | 1.13 |
Shareholders’ equity as a percent of total year-end assets |  |  | 11.79 |  |  |  | 12.67 |  |  |  | 14.29 |  |  |  | 13.97 |  |  |  | 12.09 |

| (1) | Calculated on a tax-equivalent basis using an effective tax rate of 21% for 2021, 2020, 2019 and 2018 and 35% for 2017.

Shareholder Return Performance
Set forth below is a line graph comparing the five-year cumulative return of the common shares of Civista Bancshares, Inc. (ticker symbol CIVB), based on an initial investment of $100 on December 31, 2016 and assuming reinvestment of dividends, with the cumulative return of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index, the NASDAQ Bank Index and the S&P U.S. BMI Banks Index. The comparative indices were obtained from SNL Securities and NASDAQ.
Annual Report on Form 10-K
A copy of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, will be furnished, free of charge, to shareholders, upon written request to Lance A. Morrison, Secretary of Civista Bancshares, Inc., 100 East Water Street, Sandusky, Ohio 44870.
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Common Shares and Shareholder Matters
The common shares of Civista Bancshares, Inc. (“CBI”) trade on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “CIVB”. As of February 24, 2022, there were
14,888,915
common shares outstanding and held by approximately 1,502 shareholders of record (not including the number of persons or entities holding stock in nominee or street name through various brokerage firms).
CBI paid quarterly dividends on its common shares in the aggregate amounts of $0.52 per share and $0.44 per share in 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company presently anticipates continuing to pay quarterly dividends in the future at similar levels, subject to compliance with applicable restrictions on the payment of dividends as discussed in the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section of the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and in Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
General Development of Business
(Amounts in thousands)
CBI was organized under the laws of the State of Ohio on February 19, 1987 and is a registered financial holding company under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Modernization Act of 1999, as amended. CBI and its subsidiaries are sometimes referred to together as the “Company”. The Company’s office is located at 100 East Water Street, Sandusky, Ohio. The Company had total consolidated assets of $3,011,983 at December 31, 2021.
CIVISTA BANK (“Civista”), owned by CBI since 1987, opened for business in 1884 as The Citizens National Bank. In 1898, Civista was reorganized under Ohio banking law and was known as The Citizens Bank and Trust Company. In 1908, Civista surrendered its trust charter and began operation as The Citizens Banking Company. The name Civista Bank was introduced during the first quarter of 2015 to solidify our dual Citizens/Champaign brand and distinguish ourselves from the many other banks using the “Citizens” name in our existing and prospective markets. Civista maintains its main office at 100 East Water Street, Sandusky, Ohio and operates branch banking offices in the following Ohio communities: Sandusky (2), Norwalk (2), Berlin Heights, Huron, Port Clinton, Castalia, New Washington, Shelby (2), Willard, Greenwich, Plymouth, Shiloh, Akron, Dublin, Plain City, Russells Point, Urbana (2), West Liberty, Quincy, Dayton (3), Beachwood, and in the following Indiana communities: Lawrenceburg (3), Aurora, West Harrison, Milan, Osgood and Versailles. Civista also operates loan production offices in Westlake, Ohio and Fort Mitchell, Kentucky. Civista accounted for 99.8% of the Company’s consolidated assets at December 31, 2021.
FIRST CITIZENS INSURANCE AGENCY INC. (“FCIA”) was formed to allow the Company to participate in commission revenue generated through its third party insurance agreement. Assets of FCIA were less than one percent of the Company’s consolidated assets as of December 31, 2021.
WATER STREET PROPERTIES, INC. (“WSP”) was formed to hold properties repossessed by CBI subsidiaries. WSP accounted for less than one percent of the Company’s consolidated assets as of December 31, 2021.
FC REFUND SOLUTIONS, INC. (“FCRS”) was formed during 2012 to facilitate payment of individual state and federal income tax refunds. The operations of FCRS were discontinued June 30, 2019 as a result of inactivity due to FCRS no longer being necessary to facilitate the Company’s continuing participation in the tax refund processing program.
FIRST CITIZENS INVESTMENTS, INC. (“FCI”) is wholly-owned by Civista and holds and manages its securities portfolio. The operations of FCI are located in Wilmington, Delaware.
FIRST CITIZENS CAPITAL LLC (“FCC”) is wholly-owned by Civista and holds inter-company debt that is eliminated in consolidation. The operations of FCC were discontinued December 31, 2021 as a result of inactivity.
CIVB RISK MANAGEMENT, INC. (“CRMI”) is a wholly-owned captive insurance company formed in 2017 which insures against certain risks unique to the operations of the Company and its subsidiaries and for which insurance may not be currently available or economically feasible in today’s insurance marketplace. Assets of CRMI were less than one percent of the Company’s consolidated assets as of December 31, 2021.
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Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—As of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 and for the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)
General
The following paragraphs more fully discuss the significant highlights, changes and trends as they relate to the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and capital resources as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and during the three-year period ended December 31, 2021. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, which are included elsewhere in this report.
Forward-Looking Statements
This report may contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), relating to such matters as financial condition, anticipated operating results, cash flows, business line results, credit quality expectations, prospects for new lines of business, economic trends (including interest rates) and similar matters. Forward-looking statements reflect our expectations, estimates or projections concerning future results or events. These statements are generally identified by the use of forward-looking words or phrases such as “believe,” “belief,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “may,” “could,” “intend,” “intent,” “estimate,” “plan,” “foresee,” “likely,” “will,” “should” or other similar words or phrases. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance and are inherently subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict and could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, impacts on our business, financial condition and results of operations resulting from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, including government regulations and stimulus programs related thereto; changes in financial markets or national or local economic or political conditions; adverse changes in the real estate market; volatility and direction of market interest rates; the transition away from LIBOR as a reference rate for financial contracts; credit risks of lending activities; operational risks; changes in the allowance for loan losses; legislation or regulatory changes or actions; increases in FDIC insurance premiums and assessments; changes in tax laws or examinations or challenges by tax authorities; accounting changes; inability to raise additional capital if and when needed in the future; unexpected losses of key management; failure, interruption or breach of security of our communications and information systems or those of our third party service providers; unforeseen litigation; increased competition in our market area; failures to manage growth and/or effectively integrate acquisitions; fluctuations in the market price of our common shares; future revenues of our tax refund processing program; climate change, natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism, and other external events; and other risks identified from time-to-time in the Company’s other public documents on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The forward-looking statements included in this report are only made as of the date of this report, and we disclaim any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement to reflect subsequent events or circumstances, except as required by law.
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements, and the purpose of this section is to secure the use of the safe harbor provisions.
Financial Condition
At December 31, 2021, the Company’s total assets were $3,011,983, compared to $2,768,862 at December 31, 2020. The increase in assets is primarily the result of increases in cash and due from financial institutions and securities available for sale, offset by decreases in loans held for sale, loans and swap assets. Other factors contributing to the change in assets are discussed in the following sections.
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Loans held for sale decreased $5,029, or 71.8%, from $7,001 at December 31, 2020 to $1,972 at December 31, 2021. The decrease is due to a decrease in refinances, resulting in lower volume. At December 31, 2021, 14 loans totaling $1,972 were held for sale as compared to 29 loans totaling $7,001 at December 31, 2020.
At December 31, 2021, the Company’s net loans totaled $1,971,238 and decreased by 3.0% from $2,032,474 at December 31, 2020. The decrease in net loans was spread across most segments. Commercial & Agriculture loans decreased $163,374, Residential Real Estate loans decreased $12,528, Real Estate Construction loans decreased $18,482, Farm Real Estate loans decreased $4,683 and Consumer and Other loans decreased $1,833. The decrease in Commercial & Agriculture loans is the result of forgiveness of Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans totaling $177,035 at December 31, 2021. The decreases in the foregoing loan segments were offset by increases in Commercial Real Estate – Owner Occupied loans of $17,039 and Commercial Real Estate - Non-Owner Occupied loans of $124,238.
Securities available for sale increased by $196,410, or 54.0%, from $363,464 at December 31, 2020 to $559,874 at December 31, 2021. U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies increased $26,197, or 120.8% from $21,693 at December 31, 2020 to $47,890 at December 31, 2021. Obligations of states and political subdivisions available for sale increased by $69,824 from 2020 to 2021. Mortgage-backed securities increased by $100,389 to total $213,148 at December 31, 2021. The Company continues to utilize letters of credit from the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) to replace maturing securities that were pledged for public entities. As of December 31, 2021, the Company was in compliance with all applicable pledging requirements.
Mortgage-backed securities totaled $213,148 at December 31, 2021 and none were considered unusual or “high risk” securities as defined by regulatory authorities. Of this total, $208,289 consisted of pass-through securities issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”), and Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”), and $4,859 of these securities were collateralized by mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by FNMA, FHLMC, or GNMA. The average interest rate of the mortgage-backed securities portfolio at December 31, 2021 was 2.4%. The average maturity at December 31, 2021 was approximately 7.8 years.
Securities available for sale had a fair value at December 31, 2021 of $559,874. This fair value includes unrealized gains of approximately $20,664 and unrealized losses of approximately $2,087. Net unrealized gains totaled $18,577 on December 31, 2021 compared to net unrealized gains of $27,148 on December 31, 2020. The change in unrealized gains is primarily due to changes in market interest rates. Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements provides additional information on unrealized gains and losses.
Premises and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, decreased $135 from December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2021. The decrease is the result of new purchases of $1,927, offset by disposals of $13, depreciation of $1,976 and transfers to available for sale of $73.
Accrued interest receivable decreased $2,036, or 21.6% from December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2021. The decrease is the result of COVID-19 pandemic related loan modifications returning to principal and/or interest payments.
Swap assets decreased $10,628 from December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2021. The decrease is primarily the result of decreases in the fair value of swap assets as compared to December 31, 2020.
Bank owned life insurance (BOLI) increased $665 from December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2021. The difference is the result of increases in the cash surrender value of the underlying insurance policies, offset by a redemption of $535 from death benefits.
Other assets increased $2,497 from December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2021. The increase is primarily the result of the recording of receivables with respect to $1,000 of AMT tax credits as a result of amending prior year tax returns and $535 for BOLI death claims receivable.
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Year-end deposit balances totaled $2,416,701 in 2021 compared to $2,189,398 in 2020, an increase of $277,303, or 10.4%. Overall, the increase in deposits at December 31, 2021 compared to December 31, 2020 included increases in noninterest bearing demand deposits of $68,097, or 9.4%, interest bearing demand accounts of $127,371, or 31.1%, and savings and money market accounts of $72,225, or 9.4%, offset by decreases in certificate of deposit accounts of $35,910, or 14.9%, and individual retirement accounts of $4,480, or 9.7%. Average deposit balances for 2021 were $2,488,105 compared to $2,078,454 for 2020, an increase of 19.7%. Noninterest bearing deposits averaged $907,591 for 2021, compared to $739,648 for 2020, increasing $167,943, or 22.7%. Savings, NOW, and MMDA accounts averaged $1,315,220 for 2021 compared to $1,050,544 for 2020. Average certificates of deposit decreased $22,968 to total an average balance of $265,294 for 2021. The increase in year over year average balances was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic as the Company’s participation in originating PPP loans resulted in loan proceeds being deposited by borrowers into deposit accounts at Civista and customer deposits of stimulus checks and unemployment benefits also increased average deposit balances in 2021.
Borrowings from the FHLB of Cincinnati were $75,000 at December 31, 2021 compared to $125,000 at December 31, 2020, a decrease of $50,000. During the second quarter of 2021, the Company prepaid a $50,000 advance with a rate of 2.05% and a remaining maturity of approximately 8 years at a pre-tax loss of approximately $3,717. The prepayment penalty of $3,717 was recorded in other operating expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Additional detail regarding these borrowings can be found in Note 9 and Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Civista offers repurchase agreements in the form of sweep accounts to commercial checking account customers. These repurchase agreements totaled $25,495 at December 31, 2021 compared to $28,914 at December 31, 2020. U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies maintained under Civista’s control are pledged as collateral for the repurchase agreements. Additional detail related to these repurchase agreements can be found in Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Subordinated debentures were $102,813 at December 31, 2021 compared to $29,427 at December 31, 2020, an increase of $73,386. During the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company sold and issued $75,000 aggregate principal amount of its 3.25% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2031. Net proceeds from the sale of these subordinated notes was $73,386. Additional detail regarding the subordinated notes can be found in Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Swap liabilities decreased $10,692 from December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2021. The decrease is primarily the result of decreases in the fair value of swap liabilities as compared to December 31, 2020.
Total shareholders’ equity increased $5,104, or 1.5%, during 2021 to $355,212. The change in shareholders’ equity resulted from net income of $40,546, an increase in the Company’s pension liability, net of tax, of $973, a decrease in the fair value of securities available for sale, net of tax, of $6,772 and decreases due to the purchase of treasury shares and dividends on common shares of $22,309 and $8,036, respectively. Additionally, $702 was recognized as stock-based compensation in 2021 in connection with the grant of restricted common shares. For further explanation of these items, see Note 1, Note 14 and Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company paid $0.52 per common share in dividends in 2021 compared to $0.44 per common share in dividends in 2020. Total outstanding common shares at December 31, 2021 were 14,954,200.
Total outstanding common shares at December 31, 2020 were 15,898,032. The decrease in common shares outstanding is the result of the repurchase of 988,465 common shares at an average repurchase price of $22.57. The Company repurchased 239,536 common shares pursuant to a stock repurchase program announced on May 4, 2020, which authorized the Company to repurchase a maximum aggregate value of $13,500 of the Company’s common shares until April 20, 2021. The Company repurchased 562,489 common shares pursuant to a stock repurchase program announced on April 20, 2021, which authorized the Company to repurchase a maximum aggregate value of $13,500 of the Company’s common shares until April 19, 2022. Finally, the
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Company repurchased 181,375 common shares pursuant to a stock repurchase program announced August 12, 2021, which replaced the April 20, 2021 repurchase program and authorizes the Company to repurchase up to a maximum of $13,500 of the Company’s common shares until August 10, 2022. An additional 5,065 common shares were surrendered by officers in 2021 to pay taxes upon vesting of restricted shares, and 3,298 restricted common shares were forfeited during the period. The decrease in common shares outstanding was offset by the grant of 39,139 restricted common shares to certain officers under the Company’s 2014 Incentive Plan and the grant of 8,792 common shares to directors of Civista as a retainer for their service. The ratio of total shareholders’ equity to total assets was 11.8% and 12.7%, at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Results of Operations
The operating results of the Company are affected by general economic conditions, the monetary and fiscal policies of federal agencies and the regulatory policies of agencies that regulate financial institutions. The Company’s cost of funds is influenced by interest rates on competing investments and general market rates of interest. Lending activities are influenced by the demand for real estate loans and other types of loans, which in turn is affected by the interest rates at which such loans are made, general economic conditions and the availability of funds for lending activities.
The Company’s net income primarily depends on its net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income earned on interest-earning assets, such as loans and securities, and interest expense incurred on interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. The level of net interest income is dependent on the interest rate environment and the volume and composition of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Net income is also affected by provisions for loan losses, service charges, gains on the sale of assets, other non-interest income, noninterest expense and income taxes.
Comparison of Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020
Net Income
The Company’s net income for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $40,546, compared to $32,192 for the year ended December 31, 2020. The change in net income was the result of the items discussed in the following sections.
Net Interest Income
Net interest income for 2021 was $95,425, an increase of $5,698, or 6.4%, from 2020. From 2020 to 2021, average earning assets increased 13.2%, interest income increased $1,877, and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities decreased $3,821. The Company continually examines its rate structure to ensure that its interest rates are competitive and reflective of the current rate environment in which it competes.
Total interest income increased $1,877 to $101,742 for the year ended December 31, 2021, which is attributable to an increase of $1,793 in interest and fees on loans. This change was the result of an increase in the average balance of loans, accompanied by a slightly lower yield on the portfolio. The average balance of loans increased by $73,435, or 3.8%, to $2,026,907 for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to $1,953,472 for the year ended December 31, 2020. The loan yield decreased to 4.42% for 2021, from 4.49% in 2020.
Interest on taxable securities increased $114 to $5,473 for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $5,359 for the same period in 2020. The average balance of taxable securities increased $49,092 to $232,813 for the year ended December 31, 2021, as compared to $183,721 for the year ended December 31, 2020. The yield on taxable securities decreased 62 basis points to 2.41% for 2021, compared to 3.03% for 2020. Interest on tax-exempt securities increased $127 to $6,250 for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $6,123 for the same period in 2020. The average balance of tax-exempt securities increased $14,804 to $217,786 for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to $202,982 for the year ended December 31, 2020. The yield on tax-exempt securities decreased 19 basis points to 3.96% for 2021, compared to 4.15% for 2020.
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Total interest expense decreased $3,821 or 37.7% to $6,317 for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared with $10,138 for the same period in 2020. The decrease in interest expense can be attributed to a decrease in the average rate paid, partially offset by an increase in the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities increased $109,363 to $1,736,720, as compared to $1,627,357 for the year ended December 31, 2020. Interest incurred on deposits decreased by $2,706 to $4,175 for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to $6,881 for the same period in 2020. The decrease in deposit expense was due to a decrease in the average rate paid, as the average rate paid on demand and savings accounts decreased from 0.17% in 2020 to 0.09% in 2021 and the average rate paid on time deposits decreased from 1.76% to 1.11% in 2021, which was partially offset by an increase in the average balance of interest-bearing deposits of $241,708 for the year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the same period in 2020. Interest expense incurred on FHLB advances and subordinated debentures decreased 26.4% from 2020. The decrease was due to a $32,674 decrease in average balance from 2020 and a decrease in rate from 2020. The average balance of other borrowings decreased $101,295 for the period ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the same period in 2020 as a result of the Company’s repayment of amounts borrowed under the Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility (“PPPLF”) to fund PPP loans.
Refer to “Distribution of Assets, Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity; Interest Rates and Interest Differential” and “Changes in Interest Income and Interest Expense Resulting from Changes in Volume and Changes in Rate” on pages 14 through 16 for further analysis of the impact of changes in interest-bearing assets and liabilities on the Company’s net interest income.
Provision and Allowance for Loan Losses
The following table contains information relating to the provision for loan losses, activity in and analysis of the allowance for loan losses as of and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31.

|  | As of and for year ended December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) |  | $ | (783 | ) |  | $ | (149 | ) |  | $ | (53 | )
Provision for loan losses charged to expense |  |  | 830 |  |  |  | 10,112 |  |  |  | 1,035 |
Net loan charge-offs (recoveries) as a percent of average outstanding loans |  |  | (0.04 | )% |  |  | (0.01 | )% |  |  | (0.00 | )%
Allowance for loan losses |  | $ | 26,641 |  |  | $ | 25,028 |  |  | $ | 14,767 |
Allowance for loan losses as a percent of year-end outstanding loans |  |  | 1.33 | % |  |  | 1.22 | % |  |  | 0.86 | %
Impaired loans, excluding purchase credit impaired loans (PCI) |  | $ | 1,222 |  |  | $ | 2,666 |  |  | $ | 3,597 |
Impaired loans as a percent of gross year-end loans (1) |  |  | 0.06 | % |  |  | 0.13 | % |  |  | 0.21 | %
Nonaccrual and 90 days or more past due loans, excluding PCI |  | $ | 3,673 |  |  | $ | 5,125 |  |  | $ | 5,599 |
Nonaccrual and 90 days or more past due loans, excluding PCI as a percent of gross year-end loans (1) |  |  | 0.18 | % |  |  | 0.25 | % |  |  | 0.33 | %

(1) | Nonaccrual loans and impaired loans are defined differently. Some loans may be included in both categories, whereas other loans may only be included in one category. A loan is considered nonaccrual if it is maintained on a cash basis because of deterioration in the borrower’s financial condition, where payment in full of principal or interest is not expected and where the principal and interest have been in default for 90 days, unless the asset is both well-secured and in process of collection. A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that all of the interest and principal due will not be collected according to the terms of the original contractual agreement.

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The Company’s policy is to maintain the allowance for loan losses at a level sufficient to provide for probable losses incurred in the current portfolio. Management believes the analysis of the allowance for loan losses supported a reserve of $26,641 at December 31, 2021. The Company provides for loan losses through regular provisions to the allowance for loan losses as necessary. The amount of the provision is affected by loan charge-offs, recoveries and changes in specific and general allocations required for the allowance for loan losses. A number of factors impact the provisions for loan losses, such as the level of higher risk loans in the portfolio, changes in practices related to loans, changes in collateral values and other factors. We continue to actively manage this process and have provided to maintain the reserve at a level that assures adequate coverage ratios.
Provisions for loan losses totaled $830, $10,112 and $1,035 in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company’s provision for loan losses decreased $9,282 during 2021, as compared to 2020. The decrease in the provision was due to the stability of our credit quality metrics coupled with the stabilization and, in some cases, improvement of international, national, regional and local economic conditions that were adversely impacted by the 2020 economic shutdown and restrictions in response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. While vaccinations and booster shots in 2021 have created some level of optimism in the business community, there remains uncertainty due to the continued concern over increased infections from the Delta and Omicron variants of COVID. We remain cautious given the level of classified loans in the portfolio, particularly loans to borrowers in the hotel industry as well as the challenges businesses face in today’s environment. The lingering economic impacts related to the COVID-19 pandemic have included the loss of revenue experienced by our business clients, disruption of supply chains, higher employee wages coupled with workforce shortages and increased costs of materials and services. While some of the pressures have eased, ongoing supply chain and staffing challenges, as well as inflationary pressures remain. Our Commercial and Commercial Real Estate portfolios have been, and are expected to continue to be, impacted the most.
Efforts are continually made to analyze each segment of the loan portfolio and quantify risk to assure that reserves are appropriate for each segment and the overall portfolio. Management specifically evaluates loans that are impaired, which includes restructured loans, to estimate potential loss. This analysis includes a review of the loss migration calculation for all loan categories as well as fluctuations and trends in various risk factors that have occurred within the portfolios’ economic life cycle. The analysis also includes assessment of qualitative factors such as credit trends, unemployment trends, vacancy trends and loan growth. The composition and overall level of the loan portfolio and charge-off activity are also factors used to determine the amount of the allowance for loan losses.
Management analyzes each impaired commercial and commercial real estate loan relationship with a balance of $350 or larger, on an individual basis and when it is in nonaccrual status or when an analysis of the borrower’s operating results and financial condition indicates that underlying cash flows are not adequate to meet its debt service requirements. Loans held for sale and leases are excluded from consideration as impaired. Loans are generally moved to nonaccrual status when 90 days or more past due. Impaired loans or portions thereof are charged-off when deemed uncollectible.
Noninterest Income
Noninterest income increased $3,270, or 11.6%, to $31,452 for the year ended December 31, 2021, from $28,182 for the comparable 2020 period. The increase was primarily due to increases in service charges of $617, net gain on sale of securities of $1,692, net gain (loss) on equity securities of $243, ATM/Interchange fees of $971, wealth management fees of $876, BOLI income of $223 and other noninterest income of $498, which were partially offset by decreases in net gain on sale of loans of $521 and swap fees of $1,252.
Service charges increased due to increased account service charges and overdraft fees of $510 and $107, respectively. Net gain on sale of securities increased due to the sale of Visa Class B shares, which resulted in a gain of $1,785. Management, from time to time, will reposition the investment portfolio to match liquidity needs of the Company. Net gain (loss) on equity securities increased as a result of market value increases. Net gain on sale of loans decreased primarily as a result of a decrease in volume of loans sold. During the twelve-months
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ended December 31, 2021, 1,341 loans were sold, totaling $260,294. During the twelve-months ended December 31, 2020, 1,575 loans were sold, totaling $304,026. ATM/Interchange fees increased as a result of increased transaction fees and MasterCard fees. Wealth management fees increased primarily as a result of an increase in trust and brokerage fees of $633 and $243, respectively. Trust income increased as a result of new accounts and market conditions while brokerage income increased due to volume of business. BOLI income increased due to death benefits paid. Swap fees decreased due to the volume of swaps performed during the twelve-months ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the same period of 2020. Other noninterest income increased due to increases in wire transfer fees, the amortization of mortgage servicing rights, merchant credit card fees and gains on the sale of OREO properties.
Noninterest Expense
Noninterest expense increased $7,819, or 11.1%, to $78,484 for the year ended December 31, 2021, from $70,665 for the comparable 2020 period. The increase was primarily due to increases in compensation expense of $2,210, FDIC assessments of $328, state franchise tax of $271, ATM/Interchange expense of $446, software maintenance expense of $922 and other operating expense of $3,905.
The increase in compensation expense was due to increased payroll, payroll taxes, employee insurance and employer savings contributions, offset by a decrease in commission and incentive based costs. The year-to-date average full time equivalent (FTE) employees were 451.8 at December 31, 2021, a decrease of 1.6 FTEs over 2020. Payroll and payroll related expenses increased due to annual pay increases. The year-over-year increase in FDIC assessments was attributable to small bank assessment credits applied to the 2020 assessment charges. The state franchise tax increase is related to $172 of additional taxes paid on the Company’s 2019 franchise tax return as a result of findings from a State of Ohio audit. The increase in ATM/Interchange expense is primarily due to increased transaction fees and a settlement received in the second quarter of 2020. The increase in software maintenance expense is due to a general increase in legacy software maintenance contracts and the implementation of our new digital banking. The increase in other operating expense is primarily due to the prepayment expense of $3,717 related to the early payoff of an FHLB long-term advance.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense was $7,017 in 2021 compared to $4,940 in 2020. Income tax expense as a percentage of pre-tax income was 14.8% in 2021 compared to 13.3% in 2020. A lower federal effective tax rate than the statutory rate of 21% in 2021 and 2020 is primarily due to tax-exempt interest income from state and municipal investments, municipal loans, income from BOLI and low income housing credits.
Comparison of Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019
Net Income
The Company’s net income for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $32,192, compared to $33,878 for the year ended December 31, 2019. The change in net income was the result of the items discussed in the following sections.
Net Interest Income
Net interest income for 2020 was $89,727, an increase of $4,627, or 5.4%, from 2019. From 2019 to 2020, average earning assets increased 23.3%, interest income increased $1,811, and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities decreased $2,816.
Total interest income increased $1,811 to $99,865 for the year ended December 31, 2020, which is attributable to an increase of $2,805 in interest and fees on loans. This change was the result of an increase in the average balance of loans, accompanied by a lower yield on the portfolio. The average balance of loans increased by $340,497 or 21.1% to $1,953,472 for the year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to $1,612,975 for the year ended December 31, 2019. The loan yield decreased to 4.49% for 2020, from 5.27% in 2019.
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Interest on taxable securities decreased $1,225 to $5,359 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $6,584 for the same period in 2019. The average balance of taxable securities decreased $16,353 to $183,721 for the year ended December 31, 2020, as compared to $200,074 for the year ended December 31, 2019. The yield on taxable securities decreased 32 basis points to 3.03% for 2020, compared to 3.35% for 2019. Interest on tax-exempt securities increased $476 to $6,123 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $5,647 for the same period in 2019. The average balance of tax-exempt securities increased $30,170 to $202,982 for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to $172,812 for the year ended December 31, 2019. The yield on tax-exempt securities decreased 21 basis points to 4.15% for 2020, compared to 4.36% for 2019.
Total interest expense decreased $2,816 or 21.7% to $10,138 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared with $12,954 for the same period in 2019. The decrease in interest expense can be attributed to a decrease in the average rate paid, partially offset by an increase in the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities increased $279,262 to $1,627,357, as compared to $1,348,095 for the year ended December 31, 2019. Interest incurred on deposits decreased by $1,176 to $6,881 for the year ended December 31, 2020, compared to $8,057 for the same period in 2019. The decrease in deposit expense was due to a decrease in the average rate paid, as the average rate paid on demand and savings accounts decreased from 0.33% in 2019 to 0.17% in 2020 and the average rate paid on time deposits decreased from 1.92% to 1.76% in 2020, partially offset by an increase in the average balance of interest-bearing deposits of $199,643 for the year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019. Interest expense incurred on FHLB advances and subordinated debentures decreased 41.0% from 2019. The decrease was due to a $27,896 decrease in average balance from 2019 and a decrease in rate from 2019. The average balance of other borrowings increased $101,295 for the period ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the same period in 2019 as a result of the Company’s borrowings under the PPPLF to fund PPP loans.
Refer to “Distribution of Assets, Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity; Interest Rates and Interest Differential” and “Changes in Interest Income and Interest Expense Resulting from Changes in Volume and Changes in Rate” on pages 14 through 16 for further analysis of the impact of changes in interest-bearing assets and liabilities on the Company’s net interest income.
Provision and Allowance for Loan Losses
Management believes the analysis of the allowance for loan losses supported a reserve of $25,028 at December 31, 2020.
Provisions for loan losses totaled $10,112 and, $1,035 in 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company’s provision for loan losses increased $9,077 during 2020. The increase in the provision was due to an increase in Civista’s qualitative factors, primarily changes in international, national, regional and local conditions, related to the economic shutdown driven by COVID-19 and the ongoing payment deferrals on loans modified under the Coronavirus Aid Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”).
Noninterest Income
Noninterest income increased $5,739, or 25.6%, to $28,182 for the year ended December 31, 2020, from $22,443 for the comparable 2019 period. The increase was primarily due to increases in net gain on sale of securities of $62, net gain on sale of loans of $5,856, ATM/Interchange fees of $416 and swap fees of $943, which were partially offset by decreases in service charges of $1,107, net gain (loss) on equity securities of $178 and tax refund processing fees of $375.
Net gain on sale of securities increased due to security sales. Management, from time to time, will reposition the investment portfolio to match liquidity needs of the Company. Net gain on sale of loans increased primarily as a result of an increase in volume of loans sold. During the twelve-months ended December 31, 2020, 1,575 loans were sold, totaling $304,026. During the twelve-months ended December 31, 2019, 709 loans were sold, totaling $125,796. ATM/Interchange fees increased as a result of increased transaction volume. Swap fees increased due
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to the volume of swaps originated during the twelve-months ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the same period of 2019. Service charges decreased due to Civista waiving $93 of service fees on deposit accounts related to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, overdraft fees decreased during 2020. Net gain (loss) on equity securities decreased as a result of market value decreases. Additionally, the Company processes state and federal income tax refund payments for customers of third-party income tax preparation vendors for which we receive a fee for processing the refund payments. These tax refund processing fees decreased as a result of a decrease in the volume of transactions processed during 2020 as compared to 2019.
Noninterest Expense
Noninterest expense increased $3,718, or 5.6%, to $70,665 for the year ended December 31, 2020, from $66,947 for the comparable 2019 period. The increase was primarily due to increases in compensation expense of $3,324, FDIC assessments of $590 and software maintenance expense of $310, which were partially offset by decreases in equipment expense of $240 and marketing expense of $337.
The increase in compensation expense was due to increased payroll, overtime pay, 401k expenses, payroll taxes and commission and incentive based costs, offset by decreases in employee insurance costs and unemployment taxes. The year-to-date average full time equivalent (FTE) employees were 453.4 at December 31, 2020, an increase of 8.6 FTEs over 2019, which increased payroll and payroll related expenses. Payroll and payroll related expenses also increased due to annual pay increases and increases in commission based costs as the result of increased loan activity. The year-over-year increase in FDIC assessments was attributable to small bank assessment credits applied to the 2019 assessment charges. The increase in software maintenance expense is due to a general increase in software maintenance contracts. The decrease in equipment expense is due to lower equipment repair and maintenance cost. The decrease in marketing expense is due to decreases in both advertising and business promotion expenses, primarily related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Event cancellations and postponed outreach efforts contributed to the decrease as our focus was on communicating changes in operations, safety protocols, alternative delivery channels, and economic relief programs with the safety and financial wellness of our employees and customers in mind.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense was $4,940 in 2020 compared to $5,683 in 2019. Income tax expense as a percentage of pre-tax income was 13.3% in 2020 compared to 14.4% in 2019. A lower federal effective tax rate than the statutory rate of 21% in 2020 and 2019 is primarily due to tax-exempt interest income from state and municipal investments, municipal loans, income from BOLI and low income housing credits.
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Distribution of Assets, Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity;
Interest Rates and Interest Differential
The following table sets forth, for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the distribution of assets, including interest amounts and average rates of major categories of interest-earning assets and noninterest-earning assets (Amounts in thousands):

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Assets |  | Average balance |  |  | Interest |  |  | Yield/ rate |  |  | Average balance |  |  | Interest |  |  | Yield/ rate |  |  | Average balance |  |  | Interest |  |  | Yield/ rate |
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans (1)(2)(3)(5) |  | $ | 2,026,907 |  |  | $ | 89,570 |  |  |  | 4.42 | % |  | $ | 1,953,472 |  |  | $ | 87,777 |  |  |  | 4.49 | % |  | $ | 1,612,975 |  |  | $ | 84,972 |  |  |  | 5.27 | %
Taxable securities (4) |  |  | 232,813 |  |  |  | 5,473 |  |  |  | 2.41 | % |  |  | 183,721 |  |  |  | 5,359 |  |  |  | 3.03 | % |  |  | 200,074 |  |  |  | 6,584 |  |  |  | 3.35 | %
Non-taxable securities (4)(5) |  |  | 217,786 |  |  |  | 6,250 |  |  |  | 3.96 | % |  |  | 202,982 |  |  |  | 6,123 |  |  |  | 4.15 | % |  |  | 172,812 |  |  |  | 5,647 |  |  |  | 4.36 | %
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks |  |  | 347,573 |  |  |  | 449 |  |  |  | 0.13 | % |  |  | 155,960 |  |  |  | 606 |  |  |  | 0.39 | % |  |  | 38,359 |  |  |  | 851 |  |  |  | 2.22 | %
Total interest earning assets |  |  | 2,825,079 |  |  |  | 101,742 |  |  |  | 3.69 | % |  |  | 2,496,135 |  |  |  | 99,865 |  |  |  | 4.10 | % |  |  | 2,024,220 |  |  |  | 98,054 |  |  |  | 4.95 | %
Noninterest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from financial institutions |  |  | 35,404 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 77,848 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 47,472 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premises and equipment, net |  |  | 22,617 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 22,831 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21,946 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued interest receivable |  |  | 8,010 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9,043 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,088 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Intangible assets |  |  | 84,747 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 84,953 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 85,744 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other assets |  |  | 36,456 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 37,675 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 24,273 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bank owned life insurance |  |  | 46,435 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 45,454 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 44,352 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less allowance for loan losses |  |  | (26,366 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (19,231 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (13,984 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total |  | $ | 3,032,382 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,754,708 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,241,111 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) | For purposes of these computations, the daily average loan amounts outstanding are net of unearned income and include loans held for sale.

(2) | Included in loan interest income are loan fees of $1,661 in 2021, $1,025 in 2020 and $1,227 in 2019.

(3) | Non-accrual loans are included in loan totals and do not have a material impact on the analysis presented.

(4) | Average balance is computed using the carrying value of securities. The average yield has been computed using the historical amortized cost average balance for available for sale securities.

(5) | Yield/Rate is calculated using the tax-equivalent adjustment of 21% for 2020, 2019 and 2018.

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Distribution of Assets, Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity;
Interest Rates and Interest Differential (Continued)
The following table sets forth, for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the distribution of liabilities, including interest amounts and average rates of major categories of interest-bearing liabilities and shareholders’ equity (Amounts in thousands):

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity |  | Average balance |  |  | Interest |  |  | Yield/ rate |  |  | Average balance |  |  | Interest |  |  | Yield/ rate |  |  | Average balance |  |  | Interest |  |  | Yield/ rate |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings and interest-bearing demand accounts |  | $ | 1,315,220 |  |  | $ | 1,219 |  |  |  | 0.09 | % |  | $ | 1,050,544 |  |  | $ | 1,813 |  |  |  | 0.17 | % |  | $ | 869,340 |  |  | $ | 2,871 |  |  |  | 0.33 | %
Certificates of deposit |  |  | 265,294 |  |  |  | 2,956 |  |  |  | 1.11 | % |  |  | 288,262 |  |  |  | 5,068 |  |  |  | 1.76 | % |  |  | 269,823 |  |  |  | 5,186 |  |  |  | 1.92 | %
Short-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8,151 |  |  |  | 134 |  |  |  | 1.64 | % |  |  | 112,088 |  |  |  | 2,600 |  |  |  | 2.32 | %
Long-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances |  |  | 94,041 |  |  |  | 1,163 |  |  |  | 1.24 | % |  |  | 125,000 |  |  |  | 1,798 |  |  |  | 1.44 | % |  |  | 48,959 |  |  |  | 852 |  |  |  | 1.74 | %
Other borrowings |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 101,295 |  |  |  | 354 |  |  |  | 0.35 | % |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Securities sold under repurchase agreements |  |  | 26,165 |  |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 0.09 | % |  |  | 24,390 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 0.10 | % |  |  | 18,321 |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | 0.10 | %
Federal funds purchased |  |  | 137 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 0.73 | % |  |  | 288 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 0.35 | % |  |  | 137 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 2.19 | %
Subordinated debentures |  |  | 35,863 |  |  |  | 955 |  |  |  | 2.66 | % |  |  | 29,427 |  |  |  | 945 |  |  |  | 3.21 | % |  |  | 29,427 |  |  |  | 1,423 |  |  |  | 4.84 | %
Total interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 1,736,720 |  |  |  | 6,317 |  |  |  | 0.36 | % |  |  | 1,627,357 |  |  |  | 10,138 |  |  |  | 0.62 | % |  |  | 1,348,095 |  |  |  | 12,954 |  |  |  | 0.96 | %
Noninterest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Demand deposits |  |  | 907,591 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 739,648 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 550,638 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities |  |  | 38,868 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 51,242 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 24,072 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | 946,459 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 790,890 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 574,710 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity |  |  | 349,203 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 336,461 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 318,306 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total |  | $ | 3,032,382 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,754,708 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,241,111 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income and interest rate spread (1) |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 95,425 |  |  |  | 3.33 | % |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 89,727 |  |  |  | 3.48 | % |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 85,100 |  |  |  | 3.99 | %
Net interest margin (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.47 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.70 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4.31 | %

(1) | Interest rate spread is calculated by subtracting the rate on average interest-bearing liabilities from the yield on average interest-earning assets.

(2) | Net interest margin is calculated by dividing tax-equivalent adjusted net interest income by average interest-earning assets.

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Changes in Interest Income and Interest Expense
Resulting from Changes in Volume and Changes in Rate
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, a summary of the changes in interest income and interest expense resulting from changes in volume and changes in rate (Amounts in thousands):

|  | Increase (decrease) due to: |
|  | Volume (1) |  |  | Rate (1) |  |  | Net |
2021 compared to 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans |  | $ | 3,262 |  |  | $ | (1,469 | ) |  | $ | 1,793 |
Taxable securities |  |  | 1,360 |  |  |  | (1,246 | ) |  |  | 114 |
Nontaxable securities |  |  | 439 |  |  |  | (312 | ) |  |  | 127 |
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks |  |  | 422 |  |  |  | (579 | ) |  |  | (157 | )
Total interest income |  | $ | 5,483 |  |  | $ | (3,606 | ) |  | $ | 1,877 |
Interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings and interest-bearing demand accounts |  | $ | 382 |  |  | $ | (976 | ) |  | $ | (594 | )
Certificates of deposit |  |  | (377 | ) |  |  | (1,735 | ) |  |  | (2,112 | )
Short-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances |  |  | (134 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (134 | )
Long-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances |  |  | (405 | ) |  |  | (230 | ) |  |  | (635 | )
Securities sold under repurchase agreements |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (2 | )
Federal funds purchased |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |
Other borrowings |  |  | (354 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (354 | )
Subordinated debentures |  |  | 187 |  |  |  | (177 | ) |  |  | 10 |
Total interest expense |  | $ | (700 | ) |  | $ | (3,121 | ) |  | $ | (3,821 | )
Net interest income |  | $ | 6,183 |  |  | $ | (485 | ) |  | $ | 5,698 |
2020 compared to 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans |  | $ | 16,383 |  |  | $ | (13,578 | ) |  | $ | 2,805 |
Taxable securities |  |  | (633 | ) |  |  | (592 | ) |  |  | (1,225 | )
Nontaxable securities |  |  | 761 |  |  |  | (285 | ) |  |  | 476 |
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks |  |  | 913 |  |  |  | (1,158 | ) |  |  | (245 | )
Total interest income |  | $ | 17,424 |  |  | $ | (15,613 | ) |  | $ | 1,811 |
Interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings and interest-bearing demand accounts |  | $ | 512 |  |  | $ | (1,570 | ) |  | $ | (1,058 | )
Certificates of deposit |  |  | 341 |  |  |  | (459 | ) |  |  | (118 | )
Short-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances |  |  | (1,877 | ) |  |  | (589 | ) |  |  | (2,466 | )
Long-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances |  |  | 1,117 |  |  |  | (171 | ) |  |  | 946 |
Securities sold under repurchase agreements |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6 |
Federal funds purchased |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (2 | )
Other borrowings |  |  | 354 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 354 |
Subordinated debentures |  |  | — |  |  |  | (478 | ) |  |  | (478 | )
Total interest expense |  | $ | 455 |  |  | $ | (3,271 | ) |  | $ | (2,816 | )
Net interest income |  | $ | 16,969 |  |  | $ | (12,342 | ) |  | $ | 4,627 |

(1) | The change in interest income and interest expense due to changes in both volume and rate, which cannot be segregated, has been allocated proportionately to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Civista maintains a conservative liquidity position. All securities are classified as available for sale. At December 31, 2021, securities with maturities of one year or less totaled $3,789, or 0.7% of the total securities portfolio. The available for sale portfolio helps to provide Civista with the ability to meet its funding needs. The Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows contained in the Consolidated Financial Statements detail the Company’s cash flows from operating activities resulting from net earnings.
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Net cash provided by operating activities for 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $40,761, $32,654 and $38,801, respectively. The primary additions to cash from operating activities are from net income, adjusted for amortization of intangible assets, amortization of securities net of accretion, the provision for loan losses, depreciation and proceeds from sale of loans. The primary use of cash from operating activities is from loans originated for sale. Net cash used for investing activities was $130,496, $340,982 and $150,764 in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, principally reflecting our loan and investment security activities. Deposits and borrowings comprised most of our financing activities, which resulted in net cash provided of $216,925, $398,802 and $116,739 for 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Future loan demand of Civista can be funded by increases in deposit accounts, proceeds from payments on existing loans, the maturity of securities and the sale of securities classified as available for sale. Additional sources of funds may also come from borrowing in the Federal Funds market and/or borrowing from the FHLB. As of December 31, 2021, Civista had total credit availability with the FHLB of $677,834, of which $96,300 was outstanding, including standby letters of credit of $21,300.
On a separate entity basis, CBI’s primary source of funds is dividends paid by its subsidiaries, primarily by Civista. Generally, subject to applicable minimum capital requirements, Civista may declare and pay a dividend without the approval of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland (the “Federal Reserve Bank”) and the State of Ohio Department of Commerce, Division of Financial Institutions, provided the total dividends in a calendar year do not exceed the total of its profits for that year combined with its retained profits for the two preceding years. At December 31, 2021, Civista was able to pay approximately $59,772 of dividends to CBI without obtaining regulatory approval. During 2021, Civista paid dividends totaling $19,900 to CBI. This represented approximately 49 percent of Civista’s earnings for the year.
The Company manages its liquidity and capital through quarterly Asset/Liability Management Committee (ALCO) meetings. The ALCO discusses issues like those in the above paragraphs as well as others that may affect the future liquidity and capital position of the Company. The ALCO also examines interest rate risk and the effect that changes in rates will have on the Company. For more information about interest rate risk, please refer to the “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” section.
Capital Adequacy
Shareholders’ equity totaled $355,212 at December 31, 2021 compared to $350,108 at December 31, 2020. The increase in shareholders’ equity resulted primarily from net income of $40,546, a $973 net increase in the Company’s pension liability and a decrease in the fair value of securities available for sale, net of tax, of $6,772, which was offset by dividends on common shares of $8,036. In addition, the Company repurchased common shares pursuant to its publicly-announced share purchase programs totaling $22,309 during 2021.
During the first quarter of 2015, the Company adopted the new BASEL III regulatory capital framework as approved by the federal banking agencies. In addition to the other required capital ratios, the BASEL III rules also require the Company to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of Common Equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) Capital to risk-weighted assets (as these terms are defined in the BASEL III rules). Under the BASEL III rules, the Company elected to opt-out of including accumulated other comprehensive income in regulatory capital. All of the Company’s capital ratios exceeded the regulatory minimum guidelines as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 as identified in the following table:

|  | Total Risk Based Capital |  |  | Tier I Risk Based Capital |  |  | CET1 Risk Based Capital |  |  | Leverage Ratio |
Company Ratios—December 31, 2021 |  |  | 19.2 | % |  |  | 14.3 | % |  |  | 12.9 | % |  |  | 10.2 | %
Company Ratios—December 31, 2020 |  |  | 16.0 | % |  |  | 14.7 | % |  |  | 13.2 | % |  |  | 10.8 | %
For Capital Adequacy Purposes |  |  | 8.0 | % |  |  | 6.0 | % |  |  | 4.5 | % |  |  | 4.0 | %
To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions |  |  | 10.0 | % |  |  | 8.0 | % |  |  | 6.5 | % |  |  | 5.0 | %

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Common equity for the CET1 risk-based capital ratio includes common stock (plus related surplus) and retained earnings, plus limited amounts of minority interests in the form of common stock, less the majority of certain regulatory deductions.
Tier 1 capital includes common equity as defined for the CET1 risk-based capital ratio, plus certain non-cumulative preferred stock and related surplus, cumulative preferred stock and related surplus and trust preferred securities that have been grandfathered (but which are not permitted going forward), and limited amounts of minority interests in the form of additional Tier 1 capital instruments, less certain deductions.
Tier 2 capital, which can be included in the total capital ratio, includes certain capital instruments (such as subordinated debt) and limited amounts of the allowance for loan and lease losses, subject to new eligibility criteria, less applicable deductions.
The deductions from CET1 capital include goodwill and other intangibles, certain deferred tax assets, mortgage-servicing assets above certain levels, gains on sale in connection with a securitization, investments in a banking organization’s own capital instruments and investments in the capital of unconsolidated financial institutions (above certain levels). These deductions were phased in from 2015 through 2019.
Under applicable regulatory guidelines, capital is compared to the relative risk related to the balance sheet. To derive the risk included in the balance sheet, one of several risk weights is applied to different balance sheet and off-balance sheet assets, primarily based on the relative credit risk of the counterparty. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.
The BASEL III regulatory capital rules and regulations also place restrictions on the payment of capital distributions, including dividends, and certain discretionary bonus payments to executive officers if the company does not hold a capital conservation buffer of greater than 2.5 percent composed of CET1 capital above its minimum risk-based capital requirements, or if its eligible retained income is negative in that quarter and its capital conservation buffer ratio was less than 2.5 percent at the beginning of the quarter. The capital conservation buffer began to phase in starting on January 1, 2016, at 0.625%, and was fully phased in effective January 1, 2019, at 2.5%. The implementation of Basel III did not have a material impact on CBI’s or Civista’ capital ratios.
Effects of Inflation
The Company’s balance sheet is typical of financial institutions and reflects a net positive monetary position whereby monetary assets exceed monetary liabilities. Monetary assets and liabilities are those which can be converted to a fixed number of dollars and include cash assets, securities, loans, money market instruments, deposits and borrowed funds.
During periods of inflation, a net positive monetary position may result in an overall decline in purchasing power of an entity. However, no clear evidence exists of a relationship between the purchasing power of an entity’s net positive monetary position and its future earnings. Moreover, the Company’s ability to preserve the purchasing power of its net positive monetary position will be partly influenced by the effectiveness of its asset/liability management program. As part of the asset/liability management process, management reviews and monitors information and projections on inflation as published by the Federal Reserve Board and other sources. This information speaks to inflation as determined by its impact on consumer prices and also the correlation of inflation and interest rates. This information is but one component in an asset/liability management process designed to limit the impact of inflation on the Company. Management does not believe that the effect of inflation on its nonmonetary assets (primarily bank premises and equipment) is material as such assets are not held for resale and significant disposals are not anticipated.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company has disclosed the fair value of its financial instruments at December 31, 2021 and 2020 in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. The fair value of loans at December 31, 2021 was 100.7% of the carrying value compared to 101.5% at December 31, 2020. The fair value of deposits at December 31, 2021 was
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100.0% of the carrying value compared to 100.1% at December 31, 2020. Changes in fair value were primarily due to changes in the discount values used to measure fair value.
Contractual Obligations
The following table represents significant fixed and determinable contractual obligations of the Company as of December 31, 2021.

Contractual Obligations |  | One year or less |  |  | One to three years |  |  | Three to five years |  |  | Over five years |  |  | Total |
Deposits without a stated maturity |  | $ | 2,170,253 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,170,253 |
Certificates of deposit and IRAs |  |  | 174,022 |  |  |  | 64,005 |  |  |  | 7,425 |  |  |  | 996 |  |  |  | 246,448 |
FHLB advances, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and U.S. Treasury interest-bearing demand note |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 75,000 |  |  |  | 75,000 |
Subordinated debentures (1) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 102,813 |  |  |  | 102,813 |
Operating leases |  |  | 569 |  |  |  | 613 |  |  |  | 417 |  |  |  | 491 |  |  |  | 2,090 |

(1) | The subordinated debentures consist of $2,000, $2,500, $5,000, $7,500, and $12,500 debentures.

The Company has retail repurchase agreements with clients within its local market areas. These borrowings are collateralized with securities owned by the Company. See Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further detail. The Company also has a cash management advance line of credit and outstanding letters of credit with the FHLB. For further discussion, refer to Note 9 and Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
The Company’s primary market risk exposure is interest-rate risk and, to a lesser extent, liquidity risk. All of the Company’s transactions are denominated in U.S. dollars with no specific foreign exchange exposure.
Interest-rate risk is the exposure of a banking organization’s financial condition to adverse movements in interest rates. Accepting this risk can be an important source of profitability and shareholder value. However, excessive levels of interest-rate risk can pose a significant threat to the Company’s earnings and capital base. Accordingly, effective risk management that maintains interest-rate risk at prudent levels is essential to the Company’s safety and soundness.
Evaluating a financial institution’s exposure to changes in interest rates includes assessing both the adequacy of the management process used to control interest-rate risk and the organization’s quantitative level of exposure. When assessing the interest-rate risk management process, the Company seeks to ensure that appropriate policies, procedures, management information systems and internal controls are in place to maintain interest-rate risk at prudent levels with consistency and continuity. Evaluating the quantitative level of interest rate risk exposure requires the Company to assess the existing and potential future effects of changes in interest rates on its consolidated financial condition, including capital adequacy, earnings, liquidity and, where appropriate, asset quality.
The Federal Reserve Board, together with the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, adopted a Joint Agency Policy Statement on interest-rate risk, effective June 26, 1996. The policy statement provides guidance to examiners and bankers on sound practices for managing interest-rate risk, which will form the basis for ongoing evaluation of the adequacy of interest-rate risk management at supervised institutions. The policy statement also outlines fundamental elements of sound management that have been identified in prior Federal Reserve guidance and discusses the importance of these elements in the context of managing interest-rate risk. Specifically, the guidance emphasizes the need for active board of director and senior management oversight and a comprehensive risk-management process that effectively identifies, measures, and controls interest-rate risk. Financial institutions derive their income primarily from the excess of
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interest collected over interest paid. The rates of interest an institution earns on its assets and owes on its liabilities generally are established contractually for a period of time. Since market interest rates change over time, an institution is exposed to lower profit margins (or losses) if it cannot adapt to interest-rate changes. For example, assume that an institution’s assets carry intermediate- or long-term fixed rates and that those assets were funded with short-term liabilities. If market interest rates rise by the time the short-term liabilities must be refinanced, the increase in the institution’s interest expense on its liabilities may not be sufficiently offset if assets continue to earn at the long-term fixed rates. Accordingly, an institution’s profits could decrease on existing assets because the institution will have either lower net interest income or, possibly, net interest expense. Similar risks exist when assets are subject to contractual interest-rate ceilings, or rate sensitive assets are funded by longer-term, fixed-rate liabilities in a decreasing-rate environment.
Several techniques may be used by an institution to minimize interest-rate risk. One approach used by the Company is to periodically analyze its assets and liabilities and make future financing and investment decisions based on payment streams, interest rates, contractual maturities, and estimated sensitivity to actual or potential changes in market interest rates. Such activities fall under the broad definition of asset/liability management. The Company’s primary asset/liability management technique is the measurement of the Company’s asset/liability gap, that is, the difference between the cash flow amounts of interest sensitive assets and liabilities that will be refinanced (or repriced) during a given period. For example, if the asset amount to be repriced exceeds the corresponding liability amount for a certain day, month, year, or longer period, the institution is in an asset sensitive gap position. In this situation, net interest income would increase if market interest rates rose or decrease if market interest rates fell.
If, alternatively, more liabilities than assets will reprice, the institution is in a liability sensitive position. Accordingly, net interest income would decline when rates rose and increase when rates fell. Also, these examples assume that interest rate changes for assets and liabilities are of the same magnitude, whereas actual interest rate changes generally differ in magnitude for assets and liabilities.
Several ways an institution can manage interest-rate risk include selling existing assets or repaying certain liabilities and matching repricing periods for new assets and liabilities, for example, by shortening terms of new loans or securities. Financial institutions are also subject to prepayment risk in falling rate environments. For example, mortgage loans and other financial assets may be prepaid by a debtor so that the debtor may refinance its obligations at new, lower rates. The Company does not have significant derivative financial instruments and does not intend to purchase a significant amount of such instruments in the near future. Prepayments of assets carrying higher rates reduce the Company’s interest income and overall asset yields. A large portion of an institution’s liabilities may be short term or due on demand, while most of its assets may be invested in long term loans or securities. Accordingly, the Company seeks to have in place sources of cash to meet short-term demands. These funds can be obtained by increasing deposits, borrowing, or selling assets. Also, FHLB advances and wholesale borrowings may be used as important sources of liquidity for the Company.
The following table provides information about the Company’s financial instruments that were sensitive to changes in interest rates as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, based on certain prepayment and account decay assumptions that management believes are reasonable. Although the Company had derivative financial instruments as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the changes in fair value of the assets and liabilities of the underlying contracts offset each other. For more information about derivative financial instruments see Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Expected maturity date values for interest-bearing core deposits were calculated based on estimates of the period over which the deposits would be outstanding. The Company’s borrowings were tabulated by contractual maturity dates and without regard to any conversion or repricing dates.
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Net Portfolio Value

|  | December 31, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
Change in Rates |  | Dollar Amount |  |  | Dollar Change |  |  | Percent Change |  |  | Dollar Amount |  |  | Dollar Change |  |  | Percent Change |
+200bp |  | $ | 531,385 |  |  | $ | 44,276 |  |  |  | 9 | % |  | $ | 515,754 |  |  | $ | 44,930 |  |  |  | 10 | %
+100bp |  |  | 521,707 |  |  |  | 34,598 |  |  |  | 7 | % |  |  | 503,010 |  |  |  | 32,186 |  |  |  | 7 | %
Base |  |  | 487,109 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 470,824 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
-100bp |  |  | 495,963 |  |  |  | 8,854 |  |  |  | 2 | % |  |  | 501,686 |  |  |  | 30,862 |  |  |  | 7 | %
-200bp |  |  | 548,326 |  |  |  | 61,217 |  |  |  | 13 | % |  |  | 527,360 |  |  |  | 56,536 |  |  |  | 12 | %

The change in net portfolio value from December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2021, can be attributed to a couple of factors. The yield curve has shifted up and steepened on the short end since the end of 2020, and both the volume and mix of assets and funding sources has changed. The volume of loans has decreased and the mix has shifted toward cash and investment securities. The decrease in loans is the result of PPP loan forgiveness. Cash increased because of the increase in deposits. Some of our excess liquidity has been redeployed into our investment portfolio. The volume and mix of liabilities have shifted toward non-maturing deposits and away from certificates of deposit and other borrowings. Deposits increased as a result of business and public fund account increases. The mix shifts from the end of the year, particularly to deposits, led to a decrease in the base net portfolio value. Beyond the change in the base level of net portfolio value, projected movements in rates, up or down, would also lead to changes in market values. The change in the rates up scenarios for both the 100 and 200 basis point movements would lead to a larger decrease in the market value of liabilities than assets. Accordingly, we would see an increase in the net portfolio value. For 100 and 200 basis point downward changes in rates, the market value of assets would increase faster than the market value of liabilities, leading to an increase in the net portfolio value.
Critical Accounting Policies
Allowance for Loan Losses:
The allowance for loan losses is regularly reviewed by management to determine that the amount is considered adequate to absorb probable losses in the loan portfolio. If not, an additional provision is made to increase the allowance. This evaluation includes specific loss estimates on certain individually reviewed impaired loans, the pooling of commercial credits risk graded as special mention and substandard that are not individually analyzed, and general loss estimates that are based upon the size, quality, and concentration characteristics of the various loan portfolios, adverse situations that may affect a borrower’s ability to repay, and current economic and industry conditions, among other items.
Those judgments and assumptions that are most critical to the application of this accounting policy are assessing the initial and on-going credit-worthiness of the borrower, the amount and timing of future cash flows of the borrower that are available for repayment of the loan, the sufficiency of underlying collateral, the enforceability of third-party guarantees, the frequency and subjectivity of loan reviews and risk ratings, emerging or changing trends that might not be fully captured in the historical loss experience, and charges against the allowance for actual losses that are greater than previously estimated. These judgments and assumptions are dependent upon or can be influenced by a variety of factors, including the breadth and depth of experience of lending officers, credit administration and the corporate loan review staff that periodically review the status of the loan, changing economic and industry conditions, changes in the financial condition of the borrower and changes in the value and availability of the underlying collateral and guarantees.
Note 1 and Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements provide additional information regarding the Allowance for Loan Losses.
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Goodwill:
The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting. Accordingly, the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed are recorded at their estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition with any excess of the cost of the acquisition over the fair value recorded as goodwill. The Company performs an evaluation of goodwill for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. The evaluation for impairment involves comparing the current estimated fair value of the Company to its carrying value. If the current estimated fair value exceeds the carrying value, no additional testing is required and an impairment loss is not recorded. If the estimated fair value is less than the carrying value, further valuation procedures are performed that could result in impairment of goodwill being recorded. Management estimated the fair value of the Reporting Unit as of the measurement date utilizing four valuation approaches: the comparable transactions approach, the control premium approach, the public market peers control premium approach and the discounted cash flow approach. These approaches were all considered in reaching a conclusion on fair value. The estimated fair value of the Reporting Unit was then compared to the current carrying value to determine if impairment had occurred. It is our opinion that, as of the November 30, 2021 measurement date, the aggregate fair value of the Reporting Unit exceeds the carrying value of the Reporting Unit. Therefore management concluded that goodwill was not impaired and made no adjustment in 2021.
Income Taxes:
Management’s determination of the realization of net deferred tax assets is based upon management’s judgment of various future events and uncertainties, including the timing and amount of future income, as well as the implementation of various tax planning strategies to maximize realization of the deferred tax assets. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.
Management analyzes material tax positions taken in any income tax return for any tax jurisdiction and determines the likelihood of the positions being sustained in a tax examination. A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded.
Other-Than-Temporary Impairment of Investment Securities:
The Company performs a quarterly valuation to determine if a decline in the value of an investment security is other than temporary. Although the term “other than temporary” is not intended to indicate that the decline is permanent, it does indicate that the prospects for a near-term recovery of value are not necessarily favorable, or that there is lack of evidence to support fair values equal to or greater than the carrying value of the investment. Once a decline in value is determined to be other than temporary, the value of the security is reduced and a corresponding charge to earnings is recognized. Management utilizes criteria such as the magnitude and duration of the decline, in addition to the reasons underlying the decline, to determine whether the loss in value is other than temporary.
Pension Benefits:
Pension costs and liabilities are dependent on assumptions used in calculating such amounts. These assumptions include discount rates, benefits earned, interest costs, expected return on plan assets, mortality rates, and other factors. In accordance with GAAP, actual results that differ from the assumptions are accumulated and amortized over future periods and, therefore, generally affect recognized expense and the recorded obligation of future periods. While management believes that the assumptions used are appropriate, differences in actual experience or changes in assumptions may affect the Company’s pension obligations and future expense. Our pension benefits are described further in Note 14 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.”
Derivative Financial Instruments
: In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments in connection with its asset/liability management activities and to accommodate the needs of its customers. Derivative financial instruments are stated at fair value on the Consolidated Statement of Conditions with changes in fair value reposted in current earnings.
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Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We, as management of Civista Bancshares, Inc., are responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting that is designed to produce reliable financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles. The system of internal control over financial reporting as it relates to the financial statements is evaluated for effectiveness by management and tested for reliability through a program of internal audits. Actions are taken to correct potential deficiencies as they are identified. Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations, including the possibility that a control can be circumvented or overridden and misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected. Also, because of changes in conditions, internal control effectiveness may vary over time. Accordingly, even an effective system of internal control will provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation.
Management assessed the Company’s system of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, in relation to criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting as described in “2013 Internal Control – Integrated Framework,” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management concludes that, as of December 31, 2021, its system of internal control over financial reporting is effective and meets the criteria of the “2013 Internal Control – Integrated Framework”. BKD, LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an audit report on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021.
Management is responsible for compliance with the federal and state laws and regulations concerning dividend restrictions and federal laws and regulations concerning loans to insiders designated by the FDIC as safety and soundness laws and regulations. Management has assessed compliance by the Company with the designated laws and regulations relating to safety and soundness. Based on the assessment, management believes that the Company complied, in all significant respects, with the designated laws and regulations related to safety and soundness for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Dennis G. Shaffer |  |  |  | Todd A. Michel
President and Chief Executive Officer |  |  |  | Senior Vice President, Controller
Sandusky, Ohio |  |  |  |
March 15, 2022 |  |  |  |

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders, Board of Directors and Audit Committee
Civista Bancshares, Inc.
Sandusky, Ohio
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Civista Bancshares, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for the year then ended, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in
Internal Control – Integrated Framework
(2013 edition) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and our report dated March 15, 2022, expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit.
We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures include examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Allowance for Loan Losses
As described in Notes 1 and 4 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s consolidated allowance for loan losses (ALL) was $26.6 million at December 31, 2021. The Company describes in Note 1 of the
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consolidated financial statements the “Allowance for Loan Losses” accounting policy around this estimate. The ALL is an estimate of losses inherent in the loan portfolio. The determination of the reserve requires significant judgment reflecting the Company’s best estimate of probable loan losses.
The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense. Loans are charged against the allowance for loan losses when management believes that the collectability of the principal is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.
Current methodology used by management to estimate the allowance for loan losses takes into consideration such factors as changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, review of specific problem loans, historic categorical trends, current delinquency levels as related to historical levels, portfolio growth rates, changes in composition of the portfolio, the current economic environment, as well as current allowance adequacy in relation to the portfolio. The Company considers all of these factors prior to making any adjustments to the allowance due to the subjectivity and imprecision involved in allocation methodology. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.
The primary reason for our determination that the allowance for loan losses is a critical audit matter is that auditing the estimated allowance for loan losses involved significant judgment and complex review. There is a high degree of subjectivity in evaluating management’s estimate, such as evaluating management’s assessment of economic conditions and other environmental factors on the loan portfolio, evaluating the adequacy of specific allowances associated with impaired loans and assessing the appropriateness of loan grades.
Our audit procedures related to the estimated allowance for loan losses included:

| • |  | Evaluated and tested the design and operating effectiveness of related controls over the reliability and accuracy of data used to calculate and estimate various components of the ALL including:

| ○ |  | Classification of loans by segment

| ○ |  | Historical loss data and loss rates

| ○ |  | Establishment of qualitative adjustments

| ○ |  | Grading and risk classification

| ○ |  | Establishment of specific reserves on impaired loans

| • |  | Testing the clerical and computational accuracy of the formulas and information utilized within the ALL model.

| • |  | Evaluating the qualitative and environmental adjustment to the historical loss rates, including assessing the basis for the adjustments and the reasonableness of the significant assumptions.

| • |  | Evaluating the relevance and reliability of data and assumptions.

| • |  | Testing of the loan review function and the accuracy of how loan grades are determined. Specifically, evaluating the appropriateness of loan grades and to assess the reasonableness of specific impairments on loans.

| • |  | Evaluating the overall reasonableness of qualitative factors and the appropriateness of their direction and magnitude and the Company’s support for the direction and magnitude compared to previous years.

| • |  | Evaluating credit quality indicators such as trends in delinquencies, nonaccruals, and charge-offs.

| • |  | Evaluating the accuracy and completeness of disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2021.
Cincinnati, Ohio
March 15, 2022
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders, Board of Directors and Audit Committee
Civista Bancshares, Inc.
Sandusky, Ohio
Opinion on the Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited Civista Bancshares, Inc.’s (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in
Internal Control – Integrated Framework: (2013)
issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in
Internal Control – Integrated Framework: (2013)
issued by COSO.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated financial statements of the Company and our report dated March 15, 2022, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definitions and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Cincinnati, Ohio
March 15, 2022
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Civista Bancshares, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Civista Bancshares, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020; the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2020; and the related notes to the consolidated financial statements (collectively, the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent, with respect to the Company, in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
We served as the Company’s auditor from 2009 to 2020.
Cranberry Township, Pennsylvania
March 15, 2022
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31, 2021 and 2020
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from financial institutions |  | $ | 253,459 |  |  | $ | 125,749 |
Restricted cash |  |  | 10,780 |  |  |  | 11,300 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 264,239 |  |  |  | 137,049 |
Investments in time deposits |  |  | 1,730 |  |  |  | 2,473 |
Securities available for sale |  |  | 559,874 |  |  |  | 363,464 |
Equity securities |  |  | 1,072 |  |  |  | 886 |
Loans held for sale |  |  | 1,972 |  |  |  | 7,001 |
Loans, net of allowance of $26,641 and $25,028 |  |  | 1,971,238 |  |  |  | 2,032,474 |
Other securities |  |  | 17,011 |  |  |  | 20,537 |
Premises and equipment, net |  |  | 22,445 |  |  |  | 22,580 |
Accrued interest receivable |  |  | 7,385 |  |  |  | 9,421 |
Goodwill |  |  | 76,851 |  |  |  | 76,851 |
Other intangible assets |  |  | 7,581 |  |  |  | 8,075 |
Bank owned life insurance |  |  | 46,641 |  |  |  | 45,976 |
Swap assets |  |  | 11,072 |  |  |  | 21,700 |
Other assets |  |  | 22,872 |  |  |  | 20,375 |
Total assets |  | $ | 3,011,983 |  |  | $ | 2,768,862 |
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing |  | $ | 788,906 |  |  | $ | 720,809 |
Interest-bearing |  |  | 1,627,795 |  |  |  | 1,468,589 |
Total deposits |  |  | 2,416,701 |  |  |  | 2,189,398 |
Long-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances |  |  | 75,000 |  |  |  | 125,000 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |  |  | 25,495 |  |  |  | 28,914 |
Subordinated debentures |  |  | 102,813 |  |  |  | 29,427 |
Swap liabilities |  |  | 11,072 |  |  |  | 21,764 |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities |  |  | 25,690 |  |  |  | 24,251 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 2,656,771 |  |  |  | 2,418,754 |
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, no par value, 40,000,000 shares authorized, 17,709,584 shares issued at December 31, 2021 and 17,664,951 shares issued at December 31, 2020 |  |  | 277,741 |  |  |  | 277,039 |
Accumulated earnings |  |  | 125,558 |  |  |  | 93,048 |
Treasury stock, 2,755,384 common shares at December 31, 2021 and 1,766,919 common shares at December 31, 2020, at cost |  |  | (56,907 | ) |  |  | (34,598 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive income |  |  | 8,820 |  |  |  | 14,619 |
Total shareholders’ equity |  |  | 355,212 |  |  |  | 350,108 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 3,011,983 |  |  | $ | 2,768,862 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except per share data)

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Interest and dividend income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans, including fees |  | $ | 89,570 |  |  | $ | 87,777 |  |  | $ | 84,972 |
Taxable securities |  |  | 5,473 |  |  |  | 5,359 |  |  |  | 6,584 |
Tax-exempt securities |  |  | 6,250 |  |  |  | 6,123 |  |  |  | 5,647 |
Federal funds sold and other |  |  | 449 |  |  |  | 606 |  |  |  | 851 |
Total interest and dividend income |  |  | 101,742 |  |  |  | 99,865 |  |  |  | 98,054 |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  | 4,175 |  |  |  | 6,881 |  |  |  | 8,057 |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances |  |  | 1,163 |  |  |  | 1,932 |  |  |  | 3,452 |
Subordinated debentures |  |  | 955 |  |  |  | 945 |  |  |  | 1,423 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 380 |  |  |  | 22 |
Total interest expense |  |  | 6,317 |  |  |  | 10,138 |  |  |  | 12,954 |
Net interest income |  |  | 95,425 |  |  |  | 89,727 |  |  |  | 85,100 |
Provision for loan losses |  |  | 830 |  |  |  | 10,112 |  |  |  | 1,035 |
Net interest income after provision for loan losses |  |  | 94,595 |  |  |  | 79,615 |  |  |  | 84,065 |
Noninterest income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service charges |  |  | 5,905 |  |  |  | 5,288 |  |  |  | 6,395 |
Net gain on sale of securities |  |  | 1,786 |  |  |  | 94 |  |  |  | 32 |
Net gain (loss) on equity securities |  |  | 186 |  |  |  | (57 | ) |  |  | 121 |
Net gain on sale of loans |  |  | 8,042 |  |  |  | 8,563 |  |  |  | 2,707 |
ATM/Interchange fees |  |  | 5,443 |  |  |  | 4,472 |  |  |  | 4,056 |
Wealth management fees |  |  | 4,857 |  |  |  | 3,981 |  |  |  | 3,670 |
Bank owned life insurance |  |  | 1,200 |  |  |  | 977 |  |  |  | 1,007 |
Tax refund processing fees |  |  | 2,375 |  |  |  | 2,375 |  |  |  | 2,750 |
Computer center item processing fees |  |  | 175 |  |  |  | 252 |  |  |  | 273 |
Swap fees |  |  | 207 |  |  |  | 1,459 |  |  |  | 516 |
Other |  |  | 1,276 |  |  |  | 778 |  |  |  | 916 |
Total noninterest income |  |  | 31,452 |  |  |  | 28,182 |  |  |  | 22,443 |
Noninterest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Compensation expense |  |  | 44,690 |  |  |  | 42,480 |  |  |  | 39,156 |
Net occupancy expense |  |  | 4,213 |  |  |  | 4,079 |  |  |  | 3,835 |
Equipment expense |  |  | 1,838 |  |  |  | 2,006 |  |  |  | 2,246 |
Contracted data processing |  |  | 1,725 |  |  |  | 1,880 |  |  |  | 1,831 |
FDIC Assessment |  |  | 1,056 |  |  |  | 728 |  |  |  | 138 |
State franchise tax |  |  | 2,184 |  |  |  | 1,913 |  |  |  | 1,843 |
Professional services |  |  | 2,715 |  |  |  | 2,795 |  |  |  | 2,844 |
Amortization of intangible assets |  |  | 890 |  |  |  | 913 |  |  |  | 945 |
ATM/Interchange expense |  |  | 2,314 |  |  |  | 1,868 |  |  |  | 1,887 |
Marketing expense |  |  | 1,103 |  |  |  | 1,074 |  |  |  | 1,411 |
Software maintenance expenses |  |  | 2,755 |  |  |  | 1,833 |  |  |  | 1,523 |
Other operating expenses |  |  | 13,001 |  |  |  | 9,096 |  |  |  | 9,288 |
Total noninterest expense |  |  | 78,484 |  |  |  | 70,665 |  |  |  | 66,947 |
Income before income taxes |  |  | 47,563 |  |  |  | 37,132 |  |  |  | 39,561 |
Income taxes |  |  | 7,017 |  |  |  | 4,940 |  |  |  | 5,683 |
Net income |  |  | 40,546 |  |  |  | 32,192 |  |  |  | 33,878 |
Preferred stock dividends |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 647 |
Net income available to common shareholders |  | $ | 40,546 |  |  | $ | 32,192 |  |  | $ | 33,231 |
Earnings per common share, basic |  | $ | 2.63 |  |  | $ | 2.00 |  |  | $ | 2.12 |
Earnings per common share, diluted |  | $ | 2.63 |  |  | $ | 2.00 |  |  | $ | 2.01 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands)

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Net income |  | $ | 40,546 |  |  | $ | 32,192 |  |  | $ | 33,878 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains (loss) on available for sale securities |  |  | (8,570 | ) |  |  | 10,935 |  |  |  | 13,368 |
Tax effect |  |  | 1,799 |  |  |  | (2,297 | ) |  |  | (2,807 | )
Reclassification of gains recognized in net income |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (94 | ) |  |  | (32 | )
Tax effect |  |  | — |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 7 |
Pension liability adjustment |  |  | 992 |  |  |  | (1,326 | ) |  |  | (2,953 | )
Tax effect |  |  | (209 | ) |  |  | 279 |  |  |  | 620 |
Reclassification of actuatial gain (loss) recognized in net income |  |  | 240 |  |  |  | 289 |  |  |  | 156 |
Tax effect |  |  | (50 | ) |  |  | (61 | ) |  |  | (33 | )
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | (5,799 | ) |  |  | 7,745 |  |  |  | 8,326 |
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 34,747 |  |  | $ | 39,937 |  |  | $ | 42,204 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)

|  | Preferred Shares |  |  | Common Shares |  |  | Accumulated Earnings |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |
Balance, December 31, 2018 |  |  | 10,120 |  |  | $ | 9,364 |  |  |  | 15,603,499 |  |  | $ | 266,901 |  |  | $ | 41,320 |  |  | $ | (17,235 | ) |  | $ | (1,452 | ) |  | $ | 298,898 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 33,878 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 33,878 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,326 |  |  |  | 8,326 |
Conversion of Series B preferred shares to common shares |  |  | (10,120 | ) |  |  | (9,364 | ) |  |  | 1,242,683 |  |  |  | 8,990 |  |  |  | (30 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (404 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 29,560 |  |  |  | 531 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 531 |
Common share dividends ($0.42 per share) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (6,547 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (6,547 | )
Preferred share dividends ($65.00 per share) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (647 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (647 | )
Repurchase of common stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (188,200 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3,909 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3,909 | )
Balance, December 31, 2019 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 16,687,542 |  |  | $ | 276,422 |  |  | $ | 67,974 |  |  | $ | (21,144 | ) |  | $ | 6,874 |  |  | $ | 330,126 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 32,192 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 32,192 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,745 |  |  |  | 7,745 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 41,245 |  |  |  | 617 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 617 |
Common share dividends ($0.44 per share) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (7,118 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (7,118 | )
Repurchase of common stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (830,755 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (13,454 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (13,454 | )
Balance, December 31, 2020 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 15,898,032 |  |  | $ | 277,039 |  |  | $ | 93,048 |  |  | $ | (34,598 | ) |  | $ | 14,619 |  |  | $ | 350,108 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 40,546 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 40,546 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5,799 | ) |  |  | (5,799 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 44,633 |  |  |  | 702 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 702 |
Common share dividends ($0.52 per share) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (8,036 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (8,036 | )
Repurchase of common stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (988,465 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (22,309 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (22,309 | )
Balance, December 31, 2021 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 14,954,200 |  |  | $ | 277,741 |  |  | $ | 125,558 |  |  | $ | (56,907 | ) |  | $ | 8,820 |  |  | $ | 355,212 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands)

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 40,546 |  |  | $ | 32,192 |  |  | $ | 33,878 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Time deposits amortizatio n |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | — |
Security amortization, net |  |  | 1,376 |  |  |  | 1,119 |  |  |  | 1,185 |
Depreciation |  |  | 1,976 |  |  |  | 2,253 |  |  |  | 2,240 |
Amortization of core deposit intangible |  |  | 890 |  |  |  | 913 |  |  |  | 945 |
Amortization of net deferred loan fees |  |  | (10,738 | ) |  |  | (5,066 | ) |  |  | (626 | )
Net gain on sale of securities |  |  | (1,786 | ) |  |  | (94 | ) |  |  | (32 | )
Net (gain) loss on equity securities |  |  | (186 | ) |  |  | 57 |  |  |  | (121 | )
Provision for loan losses |  |  | 830 |  |  |  | 10,112 |  |  |  | 1,035 |
Loans originated for sale |  |  | (255,265 | ) |  |  | (308,742 | ) |  |  | (126,690 | )
Proceeds from sale of loans |  |  | 268,336 |  |  |  | 312,589 |  |  |  | 128,503 |
Net gain on sale of loans |  |  | (8,042 | ) |  |  | (8,563 | ) |  |  | (2,707 | )
Increase in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance |  |  | (1,200 | ) |  |  | (977 | ) |  |  | (1,007 | )
Share-based compensation |  |  | 702 |  |  |  | 617 |  |  |  | 531 |
Deferred taxes |  |  | 1,319 |  |  |  | (2,277 | ) |  |  | 663 |
Change in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued interest payable |  |  | 111 |  |  |  | (73 | ) |  |  | 47 |
Accrued interest receivable |  |  | 2,036 |  |  |  | (2,328 | ) |  |  | (370 | )
Other, net |  |  | (152 | ) |  |  | 920 |  |  |  | 1,327 |
Net cash from operating activities |  |  | 40,761 |  |  |  | 32,654 |  |  |  | 38,801 |
Cash flows used for investing activities : |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments in time securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Maturities |  |  | 980 |  |  |  | 735 |  |  |  | — |
Purchase s |  |  | (245 | ) |  |  | (1,250 | ) |  |  | (980 | )
Securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Maturities, prepayments and calls |  |  | 61,927 |  |  |  | 58,246 |  |  |  | 54,055 |
Sales |  |  | 1,810 |  |  |  | 1,455 |  |  |  | 17,570 |
Purchases |  |  | (268,309 | ) |  |  | (54,850 | ) |  |  | (71,646 | )
Purchases of other securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | (257 | ) |  |  | — |
Redemption of other securities |  |  | 3,526 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 741 |
Redemption of equity securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 247 |  |  |  | — |
Purchases of bank owned life insurance |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (955 | )
Proceeds from bank owned life insurance |  |  | 535 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net change in loans |  |  | 71,072 |  |  |  | (343,348 | ) |  |  | (146,350 | )
Proceeds from sale of OREO properties |  |  | 122 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Premises and equipment purchases |  |  | (1,927 | ) |  |  | (1,972 | ) |  |  | (3,201 | )
Disposal of premises and equipment |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 2 |
Net cash used for investing activities |  |  | (130,496 | ) |  |  | (340,982 | ) |  |  | (150,764 | )

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)
Years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands)

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Increase in deposits |  |  | 227,303 |  |  |  | 510,634 |  |  |  | 98,871 |
Net change in short-term FHLB advances |  |  | — |  |  |  | (101,500 | ) |  |  | (87,100 | )
Repayment of long-term FHLB advances |  |  | (50,000 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5,000 | )
Proceeds from long-term FHLB advances |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 125,000 |
Repayment of other borrowings |  |  | — |  |  |  | (183,695 | ) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from other borrowings |  |  | — |  |  |  | 183,695 |  |  |  | — |
Proceeds from subordinated debentures |  |  | 73,386 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Increase (decrease) in securities sold under repurchase agreements |  |  | (3,419 | ) |  |  | 10,240 |  |  |  | (3,525 | )
Cash payment for redemption of series B preferred stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (402 | )
Repurchase of common stock |  |  | (22,309 | ) |  |  | (13,454 | ) |  |  | (3,909 | )
Cash paid on fractional shares on preferred stock conversion |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2 | )
Cash dividends paid |  |  | (8,036 | ) |  |  | (7,118 | ) |  |  | (7,194 | )
Net cash from financing activities |  |  | 216,925 |  |  |  | 398,802 |  |  |  | 116,739 |
Increase in cash and due from financial institutions |  |  | 127,190 |  |  |  | 90,474 |  |  |  | 4,776 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |  |  | 137,049 |  |  |  | 46,575 |  |  |  | 41,799 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year |  | $ | 264,239 |  |  | $ | 137,049 |  |  | $ | 46,575 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest paid |  | $ | 6,206 |  |  | $ | 10,211 |  |  | $ | 12,907 |
Income taxes paid |  |  | 6,180 |  |  |  | 7,095 |  |  |  | 5,700 |
Transfer of loans from portfolio to other real estate owned |  |  | 72 |  |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | — |
Transfer of premises to held-for-sale |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 76 |
Securities purchased not settled |  |  | 3,524 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,200 |
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8,960 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The following is a summary of the accounting policies adopted by Civista Bancshares, Inc., which have a significant effect on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Nature of Operations and Principles of Consolidation
: The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Civista Bancshares, Inc. (“CBI”) and its wholly-owned direct and indirect subsidiaries: Civista Bank (“Civista”), First Citizens Insurance Agency, Inc. (“FCIA”), Water Street Properties, Inc. (“WSP”), FC Refund Solutions, Inc. (“FCRS”), CIVB Risk Management, Inc. (“CRMI”), First Citizens Capital LLC (“FCC”) and First Citizens Investments, Inc. (“FCI”). The above companies together are sometimes referred to as the “Company”. Intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.
Civista provides financial services through its offices in the Ohio counties of Erie, Crawford, Champaign, Cuyahoga, Franklin, Logan, Summit, Huron, Ottawa, Madison, Montgomery and Richland, in the Indiana counties of Dearborn and Ripley and in the Kentucky county of Kenton. Its primary deposit products are checking, savings, and term certificate accounts, and its primary lending products are residential mortgage, commercial, and installment loans. Substantially all loans are secured by specific items of collateral including business assets, consumer assets and commercial and residential real estate. Commercial loans are expected to be repaid from cash flow from operations of businesses. There are no significant concentrations of loans to any one industry or customer. However, our customers’ ability to repay their loans is dependent on the real estate and general economic conditions in the area. Other financial instruments that potentially represent concentrations of credit risk include deposit accounts in other financial institutions.
FCIA was formed to allow the Company to participate in commission revenue generated through its third party insurance agreement. Insurance commission revenue was less than 1.0% of total revenue for each of the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. WSP was formed to hold repossessed assets of CBI’s subsidiaries. WSP revenue was less than 1% of total revenue for each of the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. FCRS was formed in 2012 to facilitate payment of individual state and federal tax refunds. The operations of FCRS were discontinued June 30, 2019. CRMI was formed in 2017 to provide property and casualty insurance coverage to CBI and its subsidiaries for which insurance may not be currently available or economically feasible in the insurance marketplace. CRMI revenue was less than 1% of total revenue for each of the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. FCC was formed as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Civista in Wilmington, Delaware to hold inter-company debt. The operations of FCC were discontinued December 31, 2021. FCI is wholly-owned by Civista and holds and manages its securities portfolio. The operations of FCI are located in Wilmington, Delaware.
Use of Estimates
: To prepare financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, management makes estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the disclosures provided, and future results could differ. The allowance for loan losses, determination of goodwill impairment, fair values of financial instruments, valuation of deferred tax assets, pension obligations and other-than-temporary-impairment of securities are considered material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term.
Cash Flows
: Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and demand deposits with financial institutions with original maturities of less than 90 days. Net cash flows are reported for customer loan and deposit
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(Continued)
transactions, interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions, federal funds purchased, short-term borrowings and repurchase agreements. The Company routinely maintains balances that exceed FDIC insured limits and the risk of loss is very low with respect to such deposits.
Securities
: Debt securities are classified as available for sale when they might be sold before maturity. Securities available for sale are carried at fair value, with unrealized holding gains and losses reported in other comprehensive income, net of tax.
Interest income includes amortization of purchase premium or discount. Premiums and discounts on securities are amortized on the level-yield method without anticipating prepayments, except for mortgage backed securities where prepayments are anticipated. Gains and losses on sales are based on the amortized cost of the security sold using the specific identification method.
Securities are evaluated on at least a quarterly basis and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation to determine whether a decline in their value is other than temporary. For debt securities, management considers whether the present value of cash flows expected to be collected are less than the security’s amortized cost basis, the magnitude and duration of the decline, the reasons underlying the decline and the Company’s intent to sell the security or whether it is more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery in market value, to determine whether the loss in value is other than temporary. Once a decline in value is determined to be other than temporary, if the Company does not intend to sell the security, and it is more likely than not that it will not be required to sell the security, before recovery of the security’s amortized cost basis, the charge to earnings is limited to the amount of credit loss. Any remaining difference between fair value and amortized cost is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. Otherwise, the entire difference between fair value and amortized cost is charged to earnings.
Other securities which include FHLB stock, Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) stock, Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation stock, Bankers’ Bancshares Inc. (“BB”) stock, and Norwalk Community Development Corp (“NCDC”) stock are carried at cost.
Equity securities
: Equity securities are held at fair value. Holding gains and losses are recorded in noninterest income. Dividends are recognized as income when earned.
Loans Held for Sale:
Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market and loans that management no longer intends to hold for the foreseeable future, are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or fair value, as determined by outstanding commitments from investors. Net unrealized losses, if any, are recorded as a valuation allowance and charged to earnings.
Loans:
Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff are reported at the principal balance outstanding, net of deferred loan fees and costs, and an allowance for loan losses. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized in interest income using the level-yield method without anticipating prepayments.
Interest income on mortgage and commercial loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the credit is well-secured and in process of collection. Interest income on consumer loans is discontinued
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(Continued)
when management determines future collection is unlikely. In all cases, loans are placed on nonaccrual or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.
All interest accrued, but not received, for loans placed on nonaccrual, is reversed against interest income. Interest received on such loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.
Purchased Loans:
The Company purchases individual loans and groups of loans. Purchased loans that show evidence of credit deterioration since origination are recorded at the amount paid (or allocated fair value in a purchase business combination), such that there is no carryover of the seller’s allowance for loan losses. After acquisition, incurred losses are recognized by an increase in the allowance for loan losses.
Purchased loans are accounted for individually or aggregated into pools of loans based on common risk characteristics (e.g., credit score, loan type, and date of origination). The Company estimates the amount and timing of expected cash flows for each purchased loan or pool, and the expected cash flows in excess of amount paid is recorded as interest income over the remaining life of the loan or pool (accretable yield). The excess of the loan’s, or pool’s, contractual principal and interest over expected cash flows is not recorded (nonaccretable difference).
Over the life of the loan or pool, expected cash flows continue to be estimated. If the present value of expected cash flows is less than the carrying amount, a loss is recorded. If the present value of expected future cash flows is greater than the carrying amount, the excess is recognized as part of future interest income.
Allowance for Loan Losses:
The allowance for loan losses (allowance) is calculated with the objective of maintaining a reserve sufficient to absorb inherent loan losses in the loan portfolio. Management establishes the allowance for loan losses based upon its evaluation of the pertinent factors underlying the types and quality of loans in the portfolio. In determining the allowance and the related provision for loan losses, the Company considers three principal elements: (i) specific impairment reserve allocations (valuation allowances) based upon probable losses identified during the review of impaired loans in the Commercial loan portfolio, (ii) allocations established for adversely-rated loans in the Commercial loan portfolio and nonaccrual Real Estate Residential, Consumer installment and Home Equity loans, and (iii) allocations on all other loans based principally on the use of a three-year period for loss migration analysis. These allocations are adjusted for consideration of general economic and business conditions, credit quality and delinquency trends, collateral values, and recent loss experience for these similar pools of loans. The Company analyzes its loan portfolio each quarter to determine the appropriateness of its allowance for loan losses.
All Commercial, Commercial Real Estate and Farm Real Estate loans are monitored on a regular basis with a detailed loan review completed for all loan relationships greater than $1,500. All Commercial, Commercial Real Estate and Farm Real Estate loans that are 90 days past due or in nonaccrual status, are analyzed to determine if they are “impaired”, which means that it is probable that all amounts will not be collected according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. All loans that are delinquent 90 days are classified as substandard and placed on nonaccrual status unless they are well-secured and in the process of collection. The remaining loans are
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(Continued)
evaluated and segmented with loans with similar risk characteristics. The Company allocates reserves based on risk categories and portfolio segments described below, which conform to the Company’s asset classification policy. In reviewing risk within Civista’s loan portfolio, management has identified specific segments to categorize loan portfolio risk: (i) Commercial & Agriculture loans; (ii) Commercial Real Estate – Owner Occupied loans; (iii) Commercial Real Estate – Non-Owner Occupied loans; (iv) Residential Real Estate loans; (v) Real Estate Construction loans; (vi) Farm Real Estate loans; and (vii) Consumer and Other loans. Additional information related to economic factors can be found in Note
4
.
Loan Charge-off Policies:
All unsecured open- and closed-ended retail loans that become past due 90 days from the contractual due date are charged off in full. In lieu of charging off the entire loan balance, loans with non-real estate collateral may be written down to the net realizable value of the collateral, if repossession of collateral is assured and in process. For open- and closed-ended loans secured by residential real estate, a current assessment of fair value is made no later than 180 days past due. Any outstanding loan balance in excess of the net realizable value of the property is charged off. All other loans are generally charged down to the net realizable value when Civista recognizes the loan is permanently impaired, which is generally after the loan is 90 days past due.
Troubled Debt Restructurings:
In certain situations based on economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, management may grant a concession for other than an insignificant period of time to the borrower that would not otherwise be considered. The related loan is classified as a troubled debt restructuring (TDR). Management strives to identify borrowers in financial difficulty early and work with them to modify to more affordable terms before their loan reaches nonaccrual status. These modified terms may include rate reductions, principal forgiveness, payment forbearance and other actions intended to minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of the collateral. In cases where borrowers are granted new terms that provide for a reduction of either interest or principal, management measures any impairment on the restructuring as noted above for impaired loans. In addition to the allowance for the pooled portfolios, management has developed a separate reserve for loans that are identified as impaired through a TDR. These loans are excluded from pooled loss forecasts and a separate reserve is provided under the accounting guidance for loan impairment. Consumer loans whose terms have been modified in a TDR are also individually analyzed for estimated impairment.
Other Real Estate:
Other real estate acquired through or instead of loan foreclosure is initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis and any deficiency in the value is charged off through the allowance. If fair value declines subsequent to foreclosure, a valuation allowance is recorded through expense. Operating costs after acquisition are expensed.
Premises and Equipment:
Land is carried at cost. Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed using both accelerated and straight-line methods over the estimated useful life of the asset, ranging from three to seven years for furniture and equipment and seven to fifty years for buildings and improvements.
Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) Stock
: Civista is a member of the FHLB of Cincinnati and as such, is required to maintain a minimum investment in stock of the FHLB that varies with the level of advances outstanding with the FHLB. The stock is bought from and sold to the FHLB based upon its $100 par value. The stock does not have a readily determinable fair value and as such is classified as restricted stock, carried at cost and evaluated for impairment by management. The stock’s value is determined by the ultimate recoverability of the par value
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(Continued)
rather than by recognizing temporary declines. The determination of whether the par value will ultimately be recovered is influenced by criteria such as the following: (
a
) the significance of the decline in net assets of the FHLB as compared to the capital stock amount and the length of time this situation has persisted, (
b
) commitments by the FHLB to make payments required by law or regulation and the level of such payments in relation to the operating performance, (
c
) the impact of legislative and regulatory changes on the customer base of the FHLB, and (
d
) the liquidity position of the FHLB. With consideration given to these factors, management concluded that the FHLB stock was not impaired at December 31, 2021 or 2020. FHLB Stock is included in Other Securities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) Stock
: Civista is a member of the Federal Reserve System. FRB stock is carried at cost, classified as a restricted security, and periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value. FRB Stock is included in Other Securities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Bank Owned Life Insurance (BOLI)
: Civista has purchased BOLI policies on certain key executives. BOLI is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement. Changes in the cash surrender value are recorded as income in the period that the change occurs.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets:
Goodwill results from business acquisitions and represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of acquired tangible assets and liabilities and identifiable intangible assets. Goodwill is assessed at least annually for impairment and any such impairment will be recognized in the period identified.
Other intangible assets consist of core deposit intangibles arising from whole bank and branch acquisitions. These intangible assets are measured at fair value and then amortized on an accelerated method over their estimated useful lives, which range from five to twelve years.
Mortgage Servicing Rights
: Mortgage servicing rights are recognized as assets for the allocated value of retained mortgage servicing rights on loans sold. Mortgage servicing rights are initially recorded at fair value at the date of transfer. The valuation technique uses the present value of estimated future cash flows using current market discount rates. Mortgage servicing rights are amortized in proportion to, and over the period of, estimated net servicing revenues. Impairment is evaluated based on the fair value of the rights, using groupings of the underlying loans as to interest rates and then, secondarily, prepayment characteristics. Fair value is determined using prices for similar assets with similar characteristics, when available, or based upon discounted cash flows using market-based assumptions. Any impairment of a grouping is reported as a valuation allowance to the extent that fair value is less than the capitalized asset for the grouping.
Long-lived Assets:
Premises and equipment and other intangible assets, and other long-term assets are reviewed for impairment when events indicate their carrying amount may not be recoverable from future undiscounted cash flows. If impaired, the assets are recorded at fair value.
Repurchase Agreements
: Substantially all repurchase agreement liabilities represent amounts advanced by various customers. Securities are pledged to cover these liabilities, which are not covered by federal deposit insurance.
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(Continued)
Loan Commitments and Related Financial Instruments:
Financial instruments include off-balance sheet credit instruments, such as commitments to make loans and commercial letters of credit, issued to meet customer financing needs. The face amount for these items represents the exposure to loss, before considering customer collateral or ability to repay.
Income Taxes
: Income tax expense is the total of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the expected future tax amounts for the temporary differences between carrying amounts and tax basis of assets and liabilities, computed using enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.
The Company prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Benefits from tax positions should be recognized in the financial statements only when it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxing authority that would have full knowledge of all relevant information.
A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions that no longer meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold should be derecognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is no longer met. The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.
Stock-Based Compensation
: Compensation cost is recognized for stock options and restricted stock awards issued to employees and directors, based on the fair value of these awards at the grant date. The market price of the Company’s common shares at the date of the grant is used for restricted shares.
Compensation cost is recognized over the required service period, generally defined as the vesting period. For awards with graded vesting, compensation cost is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award.
Retirement Plans
: Pension expense is the net of service and interest cost, expected return on plan assets and amortization of gains and losses not immediately recognized. Employee 401(k) and profit sharing plan expense consist of the amount of matching contributions. Deferred compensation allocates the benefits over the years of service.
Earnings per Common Share
: Earnings per share is computed using the two-class method. Basic earnings per share are net income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period, which excludes participating securities. Diluted earnings per common share include the dilutive effect of additional potential common shares issuable related to convertible preferred shares. Treasury shares are not deemed outstanding for earnings per share calculations.
Comprehensive Income
: Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income. Other comprehensive income includes unrealized gains and losses on securities available for sale and changes in the funded status of the pension plan.
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(Continued)
Loss Contingencies
: Loss contingencies, including claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. Management does not believe that any such loss contingencies currently exist that will have a material effect on the financial statements.
Restrictions on Cash
: Cash on hand or on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank is required to meet regulatory reserve and clearing requirements. These balances do not earn interest. The required reserve amount at December 31, 2021 was $0. The Company had cash pledged as collateral on its interest rate swaps with third party financial institutions of $10,780 at December 31, 2021.
Dividend Restriction
: Banking regulations require maintaining certain capital levels and may limit the dividends paid by Civista to CBI or by CBI to shareholders. Additional information related to dividend restrictions can be found in Note 18.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
: Fair values of financial instruments are estimated using relevant market information and other assumptions that reflect exit price value, as more fully disclosed in Note 16. Fair value estimates involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment regarding interest rates, credit risk, prepayments, and other factors, especially in the absence of broad markets for particular items. Changes in assumptions or in market conditions could significantly affect these estimates.
Operating Segments
: While the Company’s chief decision makers monitor the revenue streams of the Company’s various products and services, operations are managed and financial performance is evaluated on a Company-wide basis. Operating segments are aggregated into one as operating results for all segments are similar. Accordingly, all of the Company’s financial service operations are considered by management to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment.
Treasury Stock
: Shares of CBI common stock that are repurchased are recorded in treasury stock at cost.
Business Combinations:
At the date of acquisition the Company records the assets and liabilities of acquired companies on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at their fair value. The results of operations for acquired companies are included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations beginning at the acquisition date. Expenses arising from acquisition activities are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations during the period incurred.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
: The Company enters into interest rate swap agreements to facilitate the risk management strategies of a small number of commercial banking customers. All derivatives are accounted for in accordance with ASC-815,
Derivatives and Hedging
. The Company mitigates the risk of entering into these agreements by entering into equal and offsetting swap agreements with highly rated third party financial institutions. The swap agreements are free-standing derivatives and are recorded at fair value in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in fair value are recorded as income or expense in the period that they occur. The Company is party to master netting arrangements with its financial institution counterparties. The master netting arrangements provide for a single net settlement of all swap agreements, as well as collateral, in the event of default on, or termination of, any one contract. Collateral, in the form of cash and marketable securities, is posted by the counterparty with net liability positions in accordance with contract thresholds.
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(Continued)
Reclassifications:
Some items in the prior year financial statements were reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Such reclassifications had no effect on net income or shareholders’ equity.
Adoption of New Accounting Standards:
In October 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2020-08,
Codification Improvements to Subtopic 310-20, Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs,
which clarifies that, for each reporting period, an entity should reevaluate whether a callable debt security is within the scope of ASC 310-20-35-33. We adopted ASU 2020-08 effective January 1, 2021, which did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
Effect of Newly Issued but Not Yet Effective Accounting Standards:
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13,
Financial Instruments-Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments
(“ASU 2016-13”), which changes the impairment model for most financial assets. This ASU is intended to improve financial reporting by requiring timelier recording of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments held by financial institutions and other organizations. The underlying premise of ASU 2016-13 is that financial assets measured at amortized cost should be presented at the net amount expected to be collected, through an allowance for credit losses that is deducted from the amortized cost basis. The allowance for credit losses should reflect management’s current estimate of credit losses that are expected to occur over the remaining life of a financial asset. The income statement will be effected for the measurement of credit losses for newly recognized financial assets, as well as the expected increases or decreases of expected credit losses that have taken place during the period. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and early adoption is permitted for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2018. On October 16, 2019, the FASB voted to defer the effective date for ASC 326,
Financial Instruments – Credit Losses
, for smaller reporting companies to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years, which was codified in the final ASU issued by the FASB on November 15, 2019. As a result, because the Company qualified as a smaller reporting company, based on its most recent determination under applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), as of November 15, 2019, the Company will not be subject to ASU 2016-13 until its annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2022. Management is in the process of evaluating the impact adoption of ASU 2016-13 will have on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. This process has engaged multiple areas of the Company in evaluating loss estimation methods and application of these methods to specific segments of the loan portfolio. Management has been actively monitoring FASB developments and evaluating the use of different methods allowed. Due to continuing development of our methodology, additional time is required to quantify the affect this ASU will have on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Management continues to refine its modeling and is running parallel calculations and will finalize a method or methods of adoption in time for the effective date.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04,
Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment
. To simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill, the FASB eliminated Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. In computing the implied fair value of goodwill under Step 2, an entity had to perform procedures to determine the fair value at the impairment testing date of its assets and liabilities (including unrecognized assets and liabilities)
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(Continued)
following the procedure that would be required in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. Instead, under the amendments in this Update, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. A public business entity that is an SEC filer, such as the Company, should adopt the amendments in this Update for its annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. On October 16, 2019, the FASB voted to defer the effective date for ASC 350,
Intangibles – Goodwill and Other
, for smaller reporting companies, such as the Company, to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The final ASU was issued by the FASB on November 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of the standard will have on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04,
Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments,
which affects a variety of topics in the Codification and applies to all reporting entities within the scope of the affected accounting guidance.
Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses
amendments are effective for SEC registrants for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments to Topic 825 are effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. On October 16, 2019, the FASB voted to defer the effective date for ASC 326,
Financial Instruments – Credit Losses
, for smaller reporting companies, such as the Company, to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The final ASU was issued by the FASB on November 15, 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the Topic 326 amendments on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-05,
Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, Topic 326
, which allows entities to irrevocably elect the fair value option for certain financial assets previously measured at amortized cost upon adoption of the new credit losses standard. To be eligible for the transition election, the existing financial asset must otherwise be both within the scope of the new credit losses standard and eligible for the applying the fair value option in ASC 825-10.3. The election must be applied on an instrument-by-instrument basis and is not available for either available for sale or held-to-maturity debt securities. For entities that elect the fair value option, the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the financial asset would be recognized through a cumulative-effect adjustment to opening retained earnings as of the date an entity adopted ASU 2016-13. Changes in fair value of that financial asset would subsequently be reported in current earnings. For entities that have not yet adopted ASU 2016-13, the effective dates and transition requirements are the same as those in ASU 2016-13. For entities that have
adopted
ASU 2016-13, ASU 2019-05 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted once ASU 2016-13 has been
adopted
.
On October 16, 2019, the FASB voted to defer the effective date for ASC 326,
Financial Instruments – Credit Losses
, for smaller reporting companies, such as the Company, to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The final ASU was issued by the FASB on November 15, 2019. The Company is currently building its model, documenting model assumptions, preparing to run the current state and future state models parallel and evaluating the impact the adoption of the standard will have on the Company’s financial statements.
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(Continued)
In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10,
Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842)
. The Update defers the effective dates of ASU 2016-13 for SEC filers that are eligible to be smaller reporting companies, such as the Company, to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. This Update also amends the mandatory effective date for the elimination of Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test under ASU No. 2017-04,
Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (Goodwill)
, to align with those used for credit losses. Furthermore, the ASU provides a one-year deferral of the effective dates of the ASUs on derivatives and hedging and leases for companies that are not public business entities. The Company qualified as a smaller reporting company and does not expect to early adopt these ASUs.
In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-11,
Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses
, to clarify its new credit impairment guidance in ASC 326, based on implementation issues raised by stakeholders. This Update clarified, among other things, that expected recoveries are to be included in the allowance for credit losses for these financial assets; an accounting policy election can be made to adjust the effective interest rate for existing troubled debt restructurings based on the prepayment assumptions instead of the prepayment assumptions applicable immediately prior to the restructuring event; and extends the practical expedient to exclude accrued interest receivable from all additional relevant disclosures involving amortized cost basis. The effective dates in this Update are the same as those applicable for ASU 2019-10. The Company is currently evaluating the impact the adoption of the standard will have on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-03
, Codification Improvements to Financial Instruments.
This ASU was issued to improve and clarify various financial instruments topics, including the current expected credit losses (CECL) standard issued in 2016. The ASU includes seven issues that describe the areas of improvement and the related amendments to GAAP; they are intended to make the standards easier to understand and apply and to eliminate inconsistencies, and they are narrow in scope and are not expected to significantly change practice for most entities. Among its provisions, the ASU clarifies that all entities, other than public business entities that elected the fair value option, are required to provide certain fair value disclosures under ASC 825,
Financial Instruments
, in both interim and annual financial statements. It also clarifies that the contractual term of a net investment in a lease under Topic 842 should be the contractual term used to measure expected credit losses under Topic 326. Amendments related to ASU 2019-04 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is not permitted before an entity’s adoption of ASU 2016-01. Amendments related to ASU 2016-13 for entities that have not yet adopted that guidance are effective upon adoption of the amendments in ASU 2016-13. Early adoption is not permitted before an entity’s adoption of ASU 2016-13. Amendments related to ASU 2016-13 for entities that have adopted that guidance are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those years. Other amendments are effective upon issuance of this ASU. This Update is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.
In January 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04,
Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, March 2020
, to provide temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the U.S. GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens of the expected market transition from LIBOR and other interbank offered rates to alternative
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
(Continued)
reference rates, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR). Entities can elect not to apply certain modification accounting requirements to contracts affected by what the guidance calls “reference rate reform” if certain criteria are met. An entity that makes this election would not have to remeasure the contracts at the modification date or reassess a previous accounting determination. Also, entities can elect various optional expedients that would allow them to continue applying hedge accounting for hedging relationships affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met, and can make a one-time election to sell and/or reclassify held-to-maturity debt securities that reference an interest rate affected by reference rate reform. The amendments in this ASU are effective for all entities upon issuance through December 31, 2022. The Company is working through this transition via a multi-disciplinary project team. We are still evaluating the impact the change to a benchmark like SOFR or Prime Rate will have on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
NOTE 2 - SECURITIES
The amortized cost and fair value of available for sale securities and the related gross unrealized gains and losses recognized were as follows:

|  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies |  | $ | 48,390 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | (530 | ) |  | $ | 47,890 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  |  | 281,247 |  |  |  | 17,696 |  |  |  | (107 | ) |  |  | 298,836 |
Mortgage-back securities in government sponsored entities |  |  | 211,660 |  |  |  | 2,938 |  |  |  | (1,450 | ) |  |  | 213,148 |
Total debt securities |  | $ | 541,297 |  |  | $ | 20,664 |  |  | $ | (2,087 | ) |  | $ | 559,874 |
|  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies |  | $ | 21,479 |  |  | $ | 220 |  |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | 21,693 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  |  | 208,013 |  |  |  | 21,000 |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 229,012 |
Mortgage-back securities in government sponsored entities |  |  | 106,824 |  |  |  | 5,963 |  |  |  | (28 | ) |  |  | 112,759 |
Total debt securities |  | $ | 336,316 |  |  | $ | 27,183 |  |  | $ | (35 | ) |  | $ | 363,464 |

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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 2 - SECURITIES
(Continued)
The amortized cost and fair value of securities at year end 2021 by contractual maturity were as follows. Securities not due at a single maturity date, primarily mortgage-backed securities, are shown separately.

|  | Available for sale |
|  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Fair Value |
Due in one year or less |  | $ | 3,786 |  |  | $ | 3,789 |
Due from one to five years |  |  | 32,034 |  |  |  | 32,121 |
Due from five to ten years |  |  | 61,675 |  |  |  | 63,083 |
Due after ten years |  |  | 232,142 |  |  |  | 247,733 |
Mortgage-backed securities in government sponsored entities |  |  | 211,660 |  |  |  | 213,148 |
Total securities available for sale |  | $ | 541,297 |  |  | $ | 559,874 |

Securities with a carrying value of $168,435
and $159,527 were pledged as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, to secure public deposits, other deposits and liabilities as required or permitted by law.
Proceeds from sales of securities, gross realized gains and gross realized losses were as follows:

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Sale proceeds |  | $ | 1,810 |  |  | $ | 1,455 |  |  | $ | 17,570 |
Gross realized gains |  |  | 1,785 |  |  |  | 94 |  |  |  | 47 |
Gross realized losses |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 43 |
Gains from securities called or settled by the issuer |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28 |

Debt securities with unrealized losses at year end 2021 and 2020 not recognized in income were as follows:

2021 |  | 12 Months or less |  |  | More than 12 months |  |  | Total |
Description of Securities |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies |  | $ | 41,432 |  |  | $ | (473 | ) |  | $ | 2,014 |  |  | $ | (57 | ) |  | $ | 43,446 |  |  | $ | (530 | )
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  |  | 25,797 |  |  |  | (107 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 25,797 |  |  |  | (107 | )
Mortgage-backed securities in gov’t sponsored entities |  |  | 141,327 |  |  |  | (1,343 | ) |  |  | 3,123 |  |  |  | (107 | ) |  |  | 144,450 |  |  |  | (1,450 | )
Total temporarily impaired |  | $ | 208,556 |  |  | $ | (1,923 | ) |  | $ | 5,137 |  |  | $ | (164 | ) |  | $ | 213,693 |  |  | $ | (2,087 | )

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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 2 – SECURITIES
(Continued)

2020 |  | 12 Months or less |  |  | More than 12 months |  |  | Total |
Description of Securities |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government agencies |  | $ | 6,501 |  |  | $ | (5 | ) |  | $ | 126 |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 6,627 |  |  | $ | (6 | )
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  |  | 1,874 |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,874 |  |  |  | (1 | )
Mortgage-backed securities in gov’t sponsored entities |  |  | 5,755 |  |  |  | (28 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,755 |  |  |  | (28 | )
Total temporarily impaired |  | $ | 14,130 |  |  | $ | (34 | ) |  | $ | 126 |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 14,256 |  |  | $ | (35 | )

The Company periodically evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment. An unrealized loss exists when the current fair value of an individual security is less than its amortized cost basis. Unrealized losses that are determined to be temporary in nature are recorded, net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The Company has assessed each available for sale security position for credit impairment. Factors considered in determining whether a loss is temporary include:

| • |  | The length of time and the extent to which fair value has been below cost;

| • |  | The severity of impairment;

| • |  | The cause of the impairment and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer;

| • |  | If the Company intends to sell the investment;

| • |  | If it’s more-likely-than-not the Company will be required to sell the investment before recovering its amortized cost basis; and

| • |  | If the Company does not expect to recover the investment’s entire amortized cost basis (even if the Company does not intend to sell the investment).

The Company’s review for impairment generally entails:

| • |  | Identification and evaluation of investments that have indications of impairment;

| • |  | Analysis of individual investments that have fair values less than amortized cost, including consideration of length of time each investment has been in unrealized loss position and the expected recovery period;

| • |  | Evaluation of factors or triggers that could cause individual investments to qualify as having other-than-temporary impairment; and

| • |  | Documentation of these analyses, as required by policy.

At December 31, 2021, the Company owned 50 securities that were considered temporarily impaired. The unrealized losses on these securities have not been recognized into income because the issuers’ bonds are of high credit quality,
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 2 – SECURITIES
(Continued)
management has the intent and ability to hold these securities for the foreseeable future, and the decline in fair value is largely due to changes in market interest rates. The Company also considers sector specific credit rating changes in its analysis. The fair value is expected to recover as the securities approach their maturity date or reset date. The Company does not intend to sell until recovery and does not believe selling will be required before recovery.
The following table presents the net gains and losses on equity investments recognized in earnings at year-end 2021 and 2020, and the portion of unrealized gains and losses for the period that relates to equity investments held at year-end 2021 and 2020:

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Net gains (losses) recognized on equity securities during the year |  | $ | 186 |  |  | $ | (57 | )
Less: Net gains realized on the sale of equity securities during the period |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6 |
Unrealized gains (losses) recognized in equity securities held at December 31 |  | $ | 186 |  |  | $ | (51 | )

NOTE 3 - LOANS
Loans at year-end were as follows:

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Commercial & Agriculture |  | $ | 246,502 |  |  | $ | 409,876 |
Commercial Real Estate - owner occupied |  |  | 295,452 |  |  |  | 278,413 |
Commercial Real Estate - non-owner occupied |  |  | 829,310 |  |  |  | 705,072 |
Residential Real Estate |  |  | 430,060 |  |  |  | 442,588 |
Real Estate Construction |  |  | 157,127 |  |  |  | 175,609 |
Farm Real Estate |  |  | 28,419 |  |  |  | 33,102 |
Consumer and Other |  |  | 11,009 |  |  |  | 12,842 |
Total Loans |  |  | 1,997,879 |  |  |  | 2,057,502 |
Allowance for loan losses |  |  | (26,641 | ) |  |  | (25,028 | )
Net loans |  | $ | 1,971,238 |  |  | $ | 2,032,474 |

Included in Commercial & Agriculture loans as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 is $43,209 and $217,295, respectively, of Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) loans.
Included in total loans above are deferred loan fees of $2,924 and $5,998 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Included in net deferred loan fees as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 is $1,762 and $5,194, respectively, of net deferred loan fees from PPP loans.
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 3 - LOANS
(Continued)
Paycheck Protection Program
In response to the novel COVID-19 pandemic, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act of 2020, as amended (the “CARES Act”), was signed into law on March 27, 2020, to provide national emergency economic relief measures. The CARES Act amended the loan program of the Small Business Administration (the “SBA”), in which Civista participates, to create a guaranteed, unsecured loan program, the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”), to fund operational costs of eligible businesses, organizations and self-employed persons during the COVID-19 pandemic. During 2020, Civista processed over 2,300 PPP loans totaling $268.3 million.
The Consolidated Appropriations Act 2021, was signed into law on December 27, 2020 to provide an additional funding of $284.5 billion under the PPP and the establishment of PPP Second Draw Loans under the Economic Aid to Hard-Hit Small Businesses, Nonprofit, and Venues Act (the “Relief Act”). This additional funding was made available from original PPP lenders on January 19, 2021, and the deadline (as extended) for submitting applications for PPP Second Draw Loans was May 31, 2021.
Funds provided under the Relief Act were earmarked both for first time PPP borrowers (subject to original PPP eligibility and limits) as well as ‘Second Draw’ Loans for borrowers that already received an original PPP loan. Additional Second Draw eligibility requirements were as follows: (1) entities must have no more than 300 employees, (2) entities must have suffered a 25% of more reduction in gross revenues between comparable quarters in 2019 and 2020, (3) some entities previously excluded are eligible for this round, such as local TV, newspaper, and radio, and (4) loan size limited to 2.5 times average monthly payroll with a maximum allowable amount of $2 million.
During 2021, Civista received SBA approval on, and funded, 1,340 PPP loans totaling $131,109 under the Relief Act.
Loans to principal officers, directors, and their affiliates at year-end 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Balance - Beginning of year |  | $ | 8,475 |  |  | $ | 9,909 |
New loans and advances |  |  | 15,522 |  |  |  | 1,153 |
Repayments |  |  | (6,693 | ) |  |  | (3,004 | )
Effect of changes to related parties |  |  | 143 |  |  |  | 417 |
Balance - End of year |  | $ | 17,447 |  |  | $ | 8,475 |

The Company had credit lines to principal officers, directors, and their affiliates with an availability of $6,115 and $6,986 as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
NOTE 4 - ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
Management has an established methodology to determine the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses that assesses the risks and losses inherent in the loan portfolio. For purposes of determining the allowance for loan losses, the Company has segmented certain loans in the portfolio by product type. Loans are segmented into the following pools: Commercial and Agriculture loans, Commercial Real Estate – Owner Occupied loans, Commercial Real
Estate – Non-owner Occupied loans, Residential Real Estate loans, Real Estate Construction
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 4 - ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
(Continued)
loans, Farm Real Estate loans and Consumer and Other loans. Loss migration rates for each risk category are calculated and used as the basis for calculating loan loss allowance allocations. Loss migration rates are calculated over a three-year period for all portfolio segments. Management also considers certain economic factors for trends that management uses to account for the qualitative and environmental changes in risk, which affects the level of the reserve. The following economic factors are analyzed:

| • |  | Changes in lending policies and procedures

| • |  | Changes in experience and depth of lending and management staff

| • |  | Changes in quality of credit review system

| • |  | Changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio

| • |  | Changes in past due, classified and nonaccrual loans and TDRs

| • |  | Changes in economic and business conditions

| • |  | Changes in competition or legal and regulatory requirements

| • |  | Changes in concentrations within the loan portfolio

| • |  | Changes in the underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans

The total allowance reflects management’s estimate of loan losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the consolidated balance sheet date. The Company considers the allowance for loan losses of $26,641 adequate to cover loan losses inherent in the loan portfolio, at December 31, 2021. The following tables present, by portfolio segment, the changes in the allowance for loan losses, the ending allocation of the allowance for loan losses and the loan balances outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. The changes can be impacted by overall loan volume, adversely graded loans, historical charge-offs and economic factors.
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 4 - ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
(Continued)
Allowance for loan losses:

December 31, 2021 |  | Beginning balance |  |  | Charge-offs |  |  | Recoveries |  |  | Provision (Credit) |  |  | Ending Balance |
Commercial & Agriculture |  | $ | 2,810 |  |  | $ | (15 | ) |  | $ | 165 |  |  | $ | (360 | ) |  | $ | 2,600 |
Commercial Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner Occupied |  |  | 4,057 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 400 |  |  |  | 4,464 |
Non-Owner Occupied |  |  | 12,451 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 395 |  |  |  | 1,014 |  |  |  | 13,860 |
Residential Real Estate |  |  | 2,484 |  |  |  | (120 | ) |  |  | 302 |  |  |  | (69 | ) |  |  | 2,597 |
Real Estate Construction |  |  | 2,439 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (630 | ) |  |  | 1,810 |
Farm Real Estate |  |  | 338 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | (63 | ) |  |  | 287 |
Consumer and Other |  |  | 209 |  |  |  | (24 | ) |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | (69 | ) |  |  | 176 |
Unallocated |  |  | 240 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 607 |  |  |  | 847 |
Total |  | $ | 25,028 |  |  | $ | (159 | ) |  | $ | 942 |  |  | $ | 830 |  |  | $ | 26,641 |

For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company provided $830 to the allowance for loan losses, as compared to a provision of $10,112 for the year ended December 31, 2020.
The decrease in the provision was due to the stability of our credit quality metrics coupled with the stabilization and, in some cases, improvement of international, national, regional and local economic conditions that were adversely impacted by the 2020 economic shutdown and restrictions in response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. While vaccinations and booster shots in 2021 have created some level of optimism in the business community, there remains uncertainty due to the continued concern over increased infections from the Delta and Omicron variants of COVID. We remain cautious given the level of classified loans in the portfolio, particularly l
oa
ns to borrowers in the hotel industry as well as the challenges businesses face in today’s environment. The lingering economic impacts related to the COVID-19 pandemic have included the loss of revenue experienced by our business clients, disruption of supply chains, higher employee wages coupled with workforce shortages and increased costs of materials and services. While some of the pressures have eased, ongoing supply chain and staffing challenges, as well as inflationary pressures remain. Our Commercial and Commercial Real Estate portfolios have been, and are expected to continue to be, impacted the most.
For the year ended December 31, 2021, the allowance for Commercial & Agriculture loans decreased due to a decrease in general reserves required for this type as a result of a decrease in loss rates. Commercial and Agriculture loan balances decreased during the year mainly from Civista’s participation in the PPP loan program. The result was represented as a decrease in the provision. The allowance for Commercial Real Estate – Owner Occupied loans increased due to an increase in general reserves required for this type as a result of increased loan balances, offset by a decrease in classified loans balances. The result was represented as an increase in the provision. The allowance for Commercial Real Estate – Non-Owner Occupied loans increased due to an increase in general reserves required as a result of an increase in loan balances, offset by decreases in classified loan balances and loss rates. This was represented as an increase in the provision. The allowance for Residential Real Estate loans increased due to an increase in loss rates for this type of loan. The result was represented by an increase in the provision. The allowance for Real Estate Construction loans decreased due to a decrease in loan balances. This was represented as a decrease in the provision. Management feels that the unallocated amount is appropriate and within the relevant range for the allowance that is reflective of the risk in the portfolio at December 31, 2021.
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 4 - ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
(Continued)
Allowance for loan losses:

December 31, 2020 |  | Beginning balance |  |  | Charge-offs |  |  | Recoveries |  |  | Provision (Credit) |  |  | Ending Balance |
Commercial & Agriculture |  | $ | 2,219 |  |  | $ | (20 | ) |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 604 |  |  | $ | 2,810 |
Commercial Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner Occupied |  |  | 2,541 |  |  |  | (148 | ) |  |  | 259 |  |  |  | 1,405 |  |  |  | 4,057 |
Non-Owner Occupied |  |  | 6,584 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | 5,819 |  |  |  | 12,451 |
Residential Real Estate |  |  | 1,582 |  |  |  | (236 | ) |  |  | 218 |  |  |  | 920 |  |  |  | 2,484 |
Real Estate Construction |  |  | 1,250 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 1,185 |  |  |  | 2,439 |
Farm Real Estate |  |  | 344 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | (19) |  |  |  | 338 |
Consumer and Other |  |  | 247 |  |  |  | (61 | ) |  |  | 65 |  |  |  | (42) |  |  |  | 209 |
Unallocated |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 240 |  |  |  | 240 |
Total |  | $ | 14,767 |  |  | $ | (465 | ) |  | $ | 614 |  |  | $ | 10,112 |  |  | $ | 25,028 |

For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company provided $10,112 to
the allowance for loan losses. The provision was primarily the result of an increase in Civista’s qualitative factors, primarily changes in international, national, regional and local conditions, related to the economic shutdown driven by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Economic impacts related to the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020 included the loss of revenue by our business clients, disruption of supply chains, additional employee costs for businesses due to the pandemic, higher unemployment rates throughout our footprint and a large number of customers requesting payment relief. The allowance for Commercial & Agriculture loans increased due to an increase in general reserves required for this type as a result of an increase in loan balances mainly from Civista’s participation in the PPP loan program and by an increase in loss rates, resulting in an increase in the provision. PPP loans are eligible for a 100% guaranty by the U.S. Small Business Administration (“SBA”) and, as a result, the reserve percentage for PPP loans is substantially less than the other loans in t
h
is segment. However, in the event of a loss resulting from a default on a PPP loan, and a determination by the SBA that there was a deficiency in the manner on which the PPP loan was originated or funded, the SBA may deny its liability under the guaranty.
For the year ended December 31, 2020, the allowance for Commercial Real Estate – Owner Occupied loans increased due to an increase in general reserves required for this type as a result of higher loan balances, an increase in classified loans and the volume of loans in payment deferral, and an increase in loss rates. The result was represented as an increase in the provision. The allowance for Commercial Real Estate – Non-Owner Occupied loans increased due to an increase in general reserves required as a result of an increase in loan balances, an increase in classified loans and the volume of loans in payment deferral, and an increase in loss rates. This was represented as an increase in the provision. The allowance for Residential Real Estate loans increased due to an increase in general reserves required for this type as a result of factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic, offset by a decrease in loan balances, represented by an increase in the provision. The allowance for Real Estate Construction loans increased due to an increase in general reserves required as a result of an increase in loan balances and an increase in loss rates, represented by an increase in the provision. The allowance for Farm Real Estate loans decreased due to a decrease in general reserves required as a result of a decrease in loan balances. The result was represented as a decrease in the provision.​​​​​​​
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 4 - ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
(Continued)
The allowance for Consumer and Other loans decreased due to a decrease in general reserves required as a result of a decrease in loan balances and loss rates. The result was represented as a decrease in the provision.
Allowance for loan losses:

December 31, 2019 |  | Beginning balance |  |  | Charge-offs |  |  | Recoveries |  |  | Provision (Credit) |  |  | Ending Balance |
Commercial & Agriculture |  | $ | 1,747 |  |  | $ | (114 | ) |  | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | 500 |  |  | $ | 2,219 |
Commercial Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner Occupied |  |  | 1,962 |  |  |  | (161 | ) |  |  | 289 |  |  |  | 451 |  |  |  | 2,541 |
Non-Owner Occupied |  |  | 5,803 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 102 |  |  |  | 679 |  |  |  | 6,584 |
Residential Real Estate |  |  | 1,531 |  |  |  | (294 | ) |  |  | 259 |  |  |  | 86 |  |  |  | 1,582 |
Real Estate Construction |  |  | 1,046 |  |  |  | (24 | ) |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 225 |  |  |  | 1,250 |
Farm Real Estate |  |  | 397 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | (58 | ) |  |  | 344 |
Consumer and Other |  |  | 284 |  |  |  | (183 | ) |  |  | 85 |  |  |  | 61 |  |  |  | 247 |
Unallocated |  |  | 909 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (909 | ) |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 13,679 |  |  | $ | (776 | ) |  | $ | 829 |  |  | $ | 1,035 |  |  | $ | 14,767 |

For the year ended December 31, 2019, the allowance for Commercial & Agriculture loans increased as a result of an increase in general reserves due to higher loan balances. The result was represented as an increase in the provision. The allowance for Commercial Real Estate – Owner Occupied loans increased as a result of an increase in general reserves due to higher loan balances. The result was represented as an increase in the provision. The allowance for Commercial Real Estate – Non-Owner Occupied loans increased due to an increase in general reserves required for this type as a result of higher loan balances. The allowance for Residential Real Estate loans increased as a result of an increase in general reserves required for this type as a result of an increase in outstanding loan balances, represented by an increase in the provision. The allowance for Real Estate Construction loans increased due to higher outstanding loan balances for this type of loan. The allowance for Farm Real Estate loans was reduced by a decrease in general reserves required for this type as a result of lower outstanding loan balances. The result was represented as a decrease in the provision.​​​​​​​
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 4 - ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
(Continued)
The following tables present, by portfolio segment, the allocation of the allowance for loan losses and related loan balances as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

December 31, 2021 |  | Loans acquired with credit deterioration |  |  | Loans individually evaluated for impairment |  |  | Loans collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | Total |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial & Agriculture |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,600 |  |  | $ | 2,600 |
Commercial Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner Occupied |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 4,457 |  |  |  | 4,464 |
Non-Owner Occupied |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13,860 |  |  |  | 13,860 |
Residential Real Estate |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 2,586 |  |  |  | 2,597 |
Real Estate Construction |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,810 |  |  |  | 1,810 |
Farm Real Estate |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 287 |  |  |  | 287 |
Consumer and Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 176 |  |  |  | 176 |
Unallocated |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 847 |  |  |  | 847 |
Total |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 26,623 |  |  | $ | 26,641 |
Outstanding loan balances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial & Agriculture |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 246,502 |  |  | $ | 246,502 |
Commercial Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner Occupied |  |  | — |  |  |  | 187 |  |  |  | 295,265 |  |  |  | 295,452 |
Non-Owner Occupied |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 829,310 |  |  |  | 829,310 |
Residential Real Estate |  |  | 290 |  |  |  | 526 |  |  |  | 429,244 |  |  |  | 430,060 |
Real Estate Construction |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 157,127 |  |  |  | 157,127 |
Farm Real Estate |  |  | — |  |  |  | 509 |  |  |  | 27,910 |  |  |  | 28,419 |
Consumer and Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,009 |  |  |  | 11,009 |
Total |  | $ | 290 |  |  | $ | 1,222 |  |  | $ | 1,996,367 |  |  | $ | 1,997,879 |

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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 4 - ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
(Continued)

December 31, 2020 |  | Loans acquired with credit deterioration |  |  | Loans individually evaluated for impairment |  |  | Loans collectively evaluated for impairment |  |  | Total |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial & Agriculture |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | 2,737 |  |  | $ | 2,810 |
Commercial Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner Occupied |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 4,052 |  |  |  | 4,057 |
Non-Owner Occupied |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,451 |  |  |  | 12,451 |
Residential Real Estate |  |  | — |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 2,455 |  |  |  | 2,484 |
Real Estate Construction |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,439 |  |  |  | 2,439 |
Farm Real Estate |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 338 |  |  |  | 338 |
Consumer and Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 209 |  |  |  | 209 |
Unallocated |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 240 |  |  |  | 240 |
Total |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 107 |  |  | $ | 24,921 |  |  | $ | 25,028 |
Outstanding loan balances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial & Agriculture |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 409,802 |  |  | $ | 409,876 |
Commercial Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner Occupied |  |  | — |  |  |  | 980 |  |  |  | 277,433 |  |  |  | 278,413 |
Non-Owner Occupied |  |  | — |  |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | 705,024 |  |  |  | 705,072 |
Residential Real Estate |  |  | 388 |  |  |  | 946 |  |  |  | 441,254 |  |  |  | 442,588 |
Real Estate Construction |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 175,609 |  |  |  | 175,609 |
Farm Real Estate |  |  | — |  |  |  | 618 |  |  |  | 32,484 |  |  |  | 33,102 |
Consumer and Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,842 |  |  |  | 12,842 |
Total |  | $ | 388 |  |  | $ | 2,666 |  |  | $ | 2,054,448 |  |  | $ | 2,057,502 |

The following tables represent credit exposures by internally assigned risk ratings for the periods ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. The remaining loans in the Residential Real Estate, Real Estate Construction and Consumer and Other loan categories that are not assigned a risk grade are presented in a separate table below. The risk rating analysis estimates the capability of the borrower to repay the contractual obligations of the loan agreements as scheduled or at all. The Company’s internal credit risk rating system is based on experiences with similarly graded loans.
The Company’s internally assigned grades are as follows:

| • |  | Pass – loans which are protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the value of the underlying collateral.

| • |  | Special Mention – loans where a potential weakness or risk exists, which could cause a more serious problem if not corrected.

| • |  | Substandard – loans that have a well-defined weakness based on objective evidence and are characterized by the distinct possibility that Civista will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 4 - ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
(Continued)

| • |  | Doubtful – loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in a substandard asset. In addition, these weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable, based on existing circumstances.

| • |  | Loss – loans classified as a loss are considered uncollectible, or of such value that continuance as an asset is not warranted.

| • |  | Unrated – Generally, Residential Real Estate, Real Estate Construction and Consumer and Other loans are not risk-graded, except when collateral is used for a business purpose.

December 31, 2021 |  | Pass |  |  | Special Mention |  |  | Substandard |  |  | Doubtful |  |  | Ending Balance |
Commercial & Agriculture |  | $ | 244,787 |  |  | $ | 526 |  |  | $ | 1,189 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 246,502 |
Commercial Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner Occupied |  |  | 290,617 |  |  |  | 3,119 |  |  |  | 1,716 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 295,452 |
Non-Owner Occupied |  |  | 764,181 |  |  |  | 28,042 |  |  |  | 37,087 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 829,310 |
Residential Real Estate |  |  | 77,594 |  |  |  | 164 |  |  |  | 4,455 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 82,213 |
Real Estate Construction |  |  | 136,149 |  |  |  | 260 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 136,414 |
Farm Real Estate |  |  | 27,023 |  |  |  | 205 |  |  |  | 1,191 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28,419 |
Consumer and Other |  |  | 764 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 784 |
Total |  | $ | 1,541,115 |  |  | $ | 32,316 |  |  | $ | 45,663 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,619,094 |
December 31, 2020 |  | Pass |  |  | Special Mention |  |  | Substandard |  |  | Doubtful |  |  | Ending Balance |
Commercial & Agriculture |  | $ | 401,636 |  |  | $ | 4,472 |  |  | $ | 3,768 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 409,876 |
Commercial Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner Occupied |  |  | 248,316 |  |  |  | 19,429 |  |  |  | 10,668 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 278,413 |
Non-Owner Occupied |  |  | 604,909 |  |  |  | 58,270 |  |  |  | 41,893 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 705,072 |
Residential Real Estate |  |  | 81,409 |  |  |  | 668 |  |  |  | 5,524 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 87,601 |
Real Estate Construction |  |  | 158,207 |  |  |  | 962 |  |  |  | 492 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 159,661 |
Farm Real Estate |  |  | 30,486 |  |  |  | 216 |  |  |  | 2,400 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 33,102 |
Consumer and Other |  |  | 833 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 33 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 866 |
Total |  | $ | 1,525,796 |  |  | $ | 84,017 |  |  | $ | 64,778 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,674,591 |

Due to the business disruptions and shut-downs due to the Covid-19 pandemic, in 2020, management offered payment deferments to a number of customers that had previously been current in all respects. Civista instituted an enhanced portfolio management process which included meeting with customers, requesting additional financial information and evaluating cashflow and adjusting risk ratings as conditions warrant. During this process we systematically downgraded a significant number of loans to recognize the increased risk attributed to the pandemic. Additionally, Civista offered longer term deferrals under Section 4013 of the Cares Act, that were also downgraded as appropriate. Based on improved financial performance the bank has upgraded 48% of criticized loans during the year. The lodging industry was hit the hardest and recovery is taking longer for that segment. Civista believes it has prudently identified risk, assigned appropriate risk ratings, and has a comprehensive portfolio management process to identify and quantify risk.
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 4 - ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
(Continued)
The
following tables present performing and nonperforming loans based solely on payment activity for the years ended December
31
,
2021
and December
31
,
2020
that have not been assigned an internal risk grade. The types of loans presented here are not assigned a risk grade unless there is evidence of a problem. Payment activity is reviewed by management on a monthly basis to evaluate performance. Loans are considered to be nonperforming when they become
90
days past due or if management thinks that we may not collect all of our principal and interest. Nonperforming loans also include certain loans that have been modified in Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs) where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who have experienced or are expected to experience financial difficulties.
These concessions typically result from the Company’s loss
mitigation
activities and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions due to economic status. Certain TDRs are classified as nonperforming at the time of restructure and may only be returned to performing status after considering the borrower’s sustained repayment performance for a reasonable period, generally
six months
.

December 31, 2021 |  | Residential Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate Construction |  |  | Consumer and Other |  |  | Total |
Performing |  | $ | 347,847 |  |  | $ | 20,713 |  |  | $ | 10,225 |  |  | $ | 378,785 |
Nonperforming |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 347,847 |  |  | $ | 20,713 |  |  | $ | 10,225 |  |  | $ | 378,785 |

December 31, 2020 |  | Residential Real Estate |  |  | Real Estate Construction |  |  | Consumer and Other |  |  | Total |
Performing |  | $ | 354,987 |  |  | $ | 15,948 |  |  | $ | 11,976 |  |  | $ | 382,911 |
Nonperforming |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 354,987 |  |  | $ | 15,948 |  |  | $ | 11,976 |  |  | $ | 382,911 |

The following tables include an aging analysis of the recorded investment of past due loans outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.

December 31, 2021 |  | 30-59 Days Past Due |  |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  |  | 90 Days or Greater |  |  | Total Past Due |  |  | Current |  |  | Purchased Credit- Impaired Loans |  |  | Total Loans |  |  | Past Due 90 Days and Accruing |
Commercial & Agriculture |  | $ | 249 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 340 |  |  | $ | 246,162 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 246,502 |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner Occupied |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 106 |  |  |  | 106 |  |  |  | 295,346 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 295,452 |  |  |  | — |
Non-Owner Occupied |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 829,306 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 829,310 |  |  |  | — |
Residential Real Estate |  |  | 1,848 |  |  |  | 879 |  |  |  | 842 |  |  |  | 3,569 |  |  |  | 426,201 |  |  |  | 290 |  |  |  | 430,060 |  |  |  | — |
Real Estate Construction |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 157,127 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 157,127 |  |  |  | — |
Farm Real Estate |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28,419 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28,419 |  |  |  | — |
Consumer and Other |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | 51 |  |  |  | 10,958 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,009 |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 2,139 |  |  | $ | 892 |  |  | $ | 1,039 |  |  | $ | 4,070 |  |  | $ | 1,993,519 |  |  | $ | 290 |  |  | $ | 1,997,879 |  |  | $ | — |

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Table of Contents
CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 4 - ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
(Continued)

December 31, 2020 |  | 30-59 Days Past Due |  |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  |  | 90 Days or Greater |  |  | Total Past Due |  |  | Current |  |  | Purchased Credit- Impaired Loans |  |  | Total Loans |  |  | Past Due 90 Days and Accruing |
Commercial & Agriculture |  | $ | 117 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 192 |  |  | $ | 409,684 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 409,876 |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner Occupied |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 102 |  |  |  | 106 |  |  |  | 278,307 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 278,413 |  |  |  | — |
Non-Owner Occupied |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 705,066 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 705,072 |  |  |  | — |
Residential Real Estate |  |  | 1,059 |  |  |  | 867 |  |  |  | 1,314 |  |  |  | 3,240 |  |  |  | 438,960 |  |  |  | 388 |  |  |  | 442,588 |  |  |  | — |
Real Estate Construction |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 175,609 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 175,609 |  |  |  | — |
Farm Real Estate |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 33,098 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 33,102 |  |  |  | — |
Consumer and Other |  |  | 59 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 76 |  |  |  | 12,766 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,842 |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 1,235 |  |  | $ | 897 |  |  | $ | 1,492 |  |  | $ | 3,624 |  |  | $ | 2,053,490 |  |  | $ | 388 |  |  | $ | 2,057,502 |  |  | $ | — |

The following table presents loans on nonaccrual status, excluding purchased credit-impaired (PCI) loans, as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Commercial & Agriculture |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 139 |
Commercial Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner Occupied |  |  | 334 |  |  |  | 964 |
Non-Owner Occupied |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 6 |
Residential Real Estate |  |  | 3,232 |  |  |  | 3,893 |
Real Estate Construction |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 7 |
Farm Real Estate |  |  | — |  |  |  | 85 |
Consumer and Other |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 31 |
Total |  | $ | 3,673 |  |  | $ | 5,125 |

Nonaccrual Loans:
Loans are considered for nonaccrual status upon reaching 90 days delinquency, unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection, although Civista may be receiving partial payments of interest and partial repayments of principal on such loans. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, previously accrued but unpaid interest is deducted from interest income. A loan may be returned to accruing status only if one of three conditions are met: the loan is well-secured and none of the principal and interest has been past due for a minimum of 90 days; the loan is a TDR and the borrower has made a minimum of six months payments; or the principal and interest payments are reasonably assured and a sustained period of performance has occurred, generally six months. The gross interest income that would have been recorded on nonaccrual loans in 2021, 2020 and 2019 if the loans had been current in accordance with their original terms and had been outstanding throughout the period or since origination, if held for part of the period, was $307, $536 and $571, respectively. The amount of interest income on such loans recognized on a cash basis was $716 in 2021, $477 in 2020 and $379 in 2019.
Modifications:
A modification of a loan constitutes a TDR when Civista for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. Civista offers various types of concessions when modifying a loan, however, forgiveness of principal is rarely granted. Commercial
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Table of Contents
CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 4 - ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
(Continued)
Real Estate loans modified in a TDR often involve reducing the interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk. Real Estate loans modified in a TDR were primarily comprised of interest rate reductions where monthly payments were lowered to accommodate the borrowers’ financial needs.
Loans modified in a TDR are typically already on non-accrual status and partial charge-offs have in some cases already been taken against the outstanding loan balance. As a result, loans modified in a TDR may have the financial effect of increasing the specific allowance associated with the loan. An allowance for impaired loans that have been modified in a TDR are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or the estimated fair value of the collateral, less any selling costs, if the loan is collateral dependent. Management exercises significant judgment in developing these estimates. TDRs accounted for $18 of the allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2021, $35 as of December 31, 2020 and $91 as of December 31, 2019.
Loan Modifications/Troubled Debt Restructurings
In the second quarter of 2020, in the initial days of the pandemic, Civista booked 90-day payment modifications on 813 loans with an aggregate principal balance outstanding of $431.3 million. Additional 90-day modifications were extended on 100 loans with an aggregate principal balance outstanding of $124.4 million. Both deferral programs primarily consisted of the deferral of principal and/or interest payments. All such modified loans were performing at December 31, 2019 and complied with the provisions of the CARES Act to not be considered a TDR.
As of December 31, 2021, Civista had 7 loans with an aggregate principal balance outstanding of $5,142 that remained on CARES Act modifications. Details with respect to loan modifications that remain on deferred status are as follows:

Type of Loan |  | Number of Loans |  |  | Balance |  |  | Percent of Loans Outstanding 1 |
|  |  |  |  | (In thousands) |  |  |  |
Commercial & Agriculture |  |  | 2 |  |  | $ | 498 |  |  |  | 0.03 | %
Commercial Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-Owner Occupied |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 4,644 |  |  |  | 0.24 | %
Total |  |  | 7 |  |  | $ | 5,142 |  |  |  | 0.26 | %
1 excluding PPP loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 4 - ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
(Continued)
There were no loans modified during the twelve month period ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. Loan modifications that are considered TDRs completed during the twelve month periods ended December 31, 2019 were as follows:

|  | For the Twelve Month Period Ended December 31, 2019 |
|  | Number of Contracts |  |  | Pre- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  |  | Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |
Commercial & Agriculture |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner Occupied |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Non-Owner Occupied |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 382 |  |  |  | 382 |
Residential Real Estate |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Real Estate Construction |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Farm Real Estate |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Consumer and Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total Loan Modifications |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 382 |  |  | $ | 382 |

Recidivism, or the borrower defaulting on its obligation pursuant to a modified loan, results in the loan once again becoming a non-accrual loan. Recidivism occurs at a notably higher rate than do defaults on new originations loans, so modified loans present a higher risk of loss than do new origination loans. During the periods ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, there were no defaults on loans that were modified and considered TDRs during the previous twelve months.
Impaired Loans:
Larger (greater than $350) commercial loan, commercial real estate loan and farm real estate loan relationships, all TDRs and residential real estate and consumer loans that are part of a larger relationship are tested for impairment. These loans are analyzed to determine if it is probable that all amounts will not be collected according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. If management determines that the value of the impaired loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount), impairment is recognized through an allowance estimate or a charge-off to the allowance.
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 4 - ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
(Continued)
The following table includes the recorded investment and unpaid principal balances for impaired financing receivables, excluding PCI loans, with the associated allowance amount, if applicable, as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.

|  | December 31, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
|  | Recorded Investment |  |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  |  | Related Allowance |  |  | Recorded Investment |  |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  |  | Related Allowance |
With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner Occupied |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 757 |  |  | $ | 757 |  |  |  |  |
Non-Owner Occupied |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | 48 |  |  |  |  |
Residential Real Estate |  |  | 503 |  |  |  | 528 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 915 |  |  |  | 940 |  |  |  |  |
Farm Real Estate |  |  | 509 |  |  |  | 509 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 618 |  |  |  | 618 |  |  |  |  |
Total |  |  | 1,012 |  |  |  | 1,037 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,338 |  |  |  | 2,363 |  |  |  |  |
With an allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial & Agriculture |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 74 |  |  |  | 74 |  |  | $ | 73 |
Commercial Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner Occupied |  |  | 187 |  |  |  | 187 |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 223 |  |  |  | 223 |  |  |  | 5 |
Residential Real Estate |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | 29 |
Total |  |  | 210 |  |  |  | 214 |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 328 |  |  |  | 332 |  |  |  | 107 |
Total: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial & Agriculture |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 74 |  |  |  | 74 |  |  |  | 73 |
Commercial Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner Occupied |  |  | 187 |  |  |  | 187 |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 980 |  |  |  | 980 |  |  |  | 5 |
Non-Owner Occupied |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | — |
Residential Real Estate |  |  | 526 |  |  |  | 555 |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 946 |  |  |  | 975 |  |  |  | 29 |
Farm Real Estate |  |  | 509 |  |  |  | 509 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 618 |  |  |  | 618 |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 1,222 |  |  | $ | 1,251 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 2,666 |  |  | $ | 2,695 |  |  | $ | 107 |

The following tables include the average recorded investment and interest income recognized for impaired financing receivables as of, and for the years ended, December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.

For the year ended: |  | December 31, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
|  | Average Recorded Investment |  |  | Interest Income Recognized |  |  | Average Recorded Investment |  |  | Interest Income Recognized |
Commercial & Agriculture |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 88 |  |  | $ | 4 |
Commercial Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner Occupied |  |  | 396 |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 520 |  |  |  | 27 |
Non-Owner Occupied |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 243 |  |  |  | 16 |
Residential Real Estate |  |  | 629 |  |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | 1,361 |  |  |  | 43 |
Farm Real Estate |  |  | 569 |  |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 647 |  |  |  | 26 |
Total |  | $ | 1,632 |  |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 2,859 |  |  | $ | 116 |

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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 4 - ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
(Continued)

For the year ended: |  | December 31, 2019 |
|  | Average Recorded Investment |  |  | Interest Income Recognized |
Commercial & Agriculture |  | $ | 367 |  |  | $ | 33 |
Commercial Real Estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner Occupied |  |  | 456 |  |  |  | 32 |
Non-Owner Occupied |  |  | 308 |  |  |  | 20 |
Residential Real Estate |  |  | 1,271 |  |  |  | 58 |
Farm Real Estate |  |  | 683 |  |  |  | 29 |
Total |  | $ | 3,085 |  |  | $ | 172 |

Foreclosed assets acquired in settlement of loans are carried at fair value less estimated costs to sell and are included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of December 31, 2021, there were no foreclosed assets included in other assets. As of December 31, 2020, there were $31 of foreclosed assets included in other assets. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had initiated formal foreclosure procedures on $293 and $741, respectively, of Residential Real Estate loans.
Changes in the amortizable yield for PCI loans were as follows, since acquisition:

|  | At December 31, 2021 |  |  | At December 31, 2020 |
|  | (In Thousands) |  |  | (In Thousands) |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 225 |  |  | $ | 255 |
Acquisition of PCI loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Accretion |  |  | (77 | ) |  |  | (336 | )
Transfers from non-accretable to accretable |  |  | 69 |  |  |  | 306 |
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 217 |  |  | $ | 225 |

The following table presents additional information regarding loans acquired and accounted for in accordance with ASC 310-30:

|  | At December 31, 2021 |  |  | At December 31, 2020 |
|  | Acquired Loans with Specific Evidence of Deterioration of Credit Quality (ASC 310-30) |  |  | Acquired Loans with Specific Evidence of Deterioration of Credit Quality (ASC 310-30) |
|  | (In Thousands) |
Outstanding balance |  | $ | 512 |  |  | $ | 687 |
Carrying amount |  |  | 290 |  |  |  | 388 |

There was no allowance for loan losses recorded for acquired loans with or without specific evidence of deterioration in credit quality as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 5 - OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
The following table presents the components of other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019:

|  | Before Tax |  |  | Tax Effect |  |  | Net of Tax |
Year Ended December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investment Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications |  | $ | (8,570 | ) |  | $ | (1,799 | ) |  | $ | (6,771 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | )
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investment Securities |  |  | (8,571 | ) |  |  | (1,799 | ) |  |  | (6,772 | )
Defined Benefit Plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications |  |  | 992 |  |  |  | 209 |  |  |  | 783 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 240 |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 190 |
Defined Benefit Plans, Net |  |  | 1,232 |  |  |  | 259 |  |  |  | 973 |
Other Comprehensive Income |  | $ | (7,339 | ) |  | $ | (1,540 | ) |  | $ | (5,799 | )
Year Ended December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investment Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications |  | $ | 10,935 |  |  | $ | 2,297 |  |  | $ | 8,638 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | (94 | ) |  |  | (20 | ) |  |  | (74 | )
Net Unrealized Gains on Investment Securities |  |  | 10,841 |  |  |  | 2,277 |  |  |  | 8,564 |
Defined Benefit Plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications |  |  | (1,326 | ) |  |  | (279 | ) |  |  | (1,047 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 289 |  |  |  | 61 |  |  |  | 228 |
Defined Benefit Plans, Net |  |  | (1,037 | ) |  |  | (218 | ) |  |  | (819 | )
Other Comprehensive Income |  | $ | 9,804 |  |  | $ | 2,059 |  |  | $ | 7,745 |
Year Ended December 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investment Securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications |  | $ | 13,368 |  |  | $ | 2,807 |  |  | $ | 10,561 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | (32 | ) |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | (25 | )
Net Unrealized Losses on Investment Securities |  |  | 13,336 |  |  |  | 2,800 |  |  |  | 10,536 |
Defined Benefit Plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications |  |  | (2,953 | ) |  |  | (620 | ) |  |  | (2,333 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 156 |  |  |  | 33 |  |  |  | 123 |
Defined Benefit Plans, Net |  |  | (2,797 | ) |  |  | (587 | ) |  |  | (2,210 | )
Other Comprehensive Loss |  | $ | 10,539 |  |  | $ | 2,213 |  |  | $ | 8,326 |

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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE
5 - OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Continued)
The following table presents the changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.

|  | For the Year Ended December 31, 2021 |  |  | For the Year Ended December 31, 2020 |  |  | For the Year Ended December 31, 2019 |
|  | Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available for Sale Securities |  |  | Defined Benefit Pension Items |  |  | Total |  |  | Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available for Sale Securities |  |  | Defined Benefit Pension Items |  |  | Total |  |  | Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available for Sale Securities |  |  | Defined Benefit Pension Items |  |  | Total |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 21,447 |  |  | $ | (6,828 | ) |  | $ | 14,619 |  |  | $ | 12,883 |  |  | $ | (6,009 | ) |  | $ | 6,874 |  |  | $ | 2,347 |  |  | $ | (3,799 | ) |  | $ | (1,452 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications |  |  | (6,771 | ) |  |  | 783 |  |  |  | (5,988 | ) |  |  | 8,638 |  |  |  | (1,047 | ) |  |  | 7,591 |  |  |  | 10,561 |  |  |  | (2,333 | ) |  |  | 8,228 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 190 |  |  |  | 189 |  |  |  | (74 | ) |  |  | 228 |  |  |  | 154 |  |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  | 123 |  |  |  | 98 |
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | (6,772 | ) |  |  | 973 |  |  |  | (5,799 | ) |  |  | 8,564 |  |  |  | (819 | ) |  |  | 7,745 |  |  |  | 10,536 |  |  |  | (2,210 | ) |  |  | 8,326 |
Ending balance |  | $ | 14,675 |  |  | $ | (5,855 | ) |  | $ | 8,820 |  |  | $ | 21,447 |  |  | $ | (6,828 | ) |  | $ | 14,619 |  |  | $ | 12,883 |  |  | $ | (6,009 | ) |  | $ | 6,874 |

The following table presents the amounts reclassified out of each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.

|  | Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (a) |  |  |
|  | For the year ended December 31, |  |  |
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | Affected Line Item in the Statement Where Net Income is Presented
Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 94 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | Net gain on sale of securities
Tax effect |  |  | — |  |  |  | (20 | ) |  |  | (7 | ) |  | Income taxes
|  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 74 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |
Amortization of defined benefit pension items |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Actuarial losses |  |  | (240 | )(b) |  |  | (289 | )(b) |  |  | (156 | )(b) |  | Other operating expenses
Tax effect |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 61 |  |  |  | 33 |  |  | Income taxes
|  |  | (190 | ) |  |  | (228 | ) |  |  | (123 | ) |  |
Total reclassifications for the period |  | $ | (189 | ) |  | $ | (154 | ) |  | $ | (98 | ) |  |

(a) | Amounts in parentheses indicate expenses and other amounts indicate income.

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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE
5 - OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Continued)

(b) | These accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) components are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost.

NOTE 6 - PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT
Year-end premises and equipment were as follows:

|  | At December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Land and improvements |  | $ | 6,970 |  |  | $ | 6,879 |
Buildings and improvements |  |  | 29,305 |  |  |  | 28,835 |
Furniture and equipment |  |  | 23,786 |  |  |  | 22,849 |
Total |  |  | 60,061 |  |  |  | 58,563 |
Accumulated depreciation |  |  | (37,616 | ) |  |  | (35,983 | )
Premises and equipment, net |  | $ | 22,445 |  |  | $ | 22,580 |

Depreciation expense was $1,976, $2,253 and $2,240 for 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
NOTE 7 - GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
There was no change in the carrying amount of goodwill of $76,851 for the year ended December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Management performs an evaluation of goodwill for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. Management performed an evaluation of the Company’s goodwill during the fourth quarter of 2021. Based on this test, management concluded that the Company’s goodwill was not impaired at December 31, 2021.
Acquired intangible assets were as follows as of year-end.

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | Gross Carrying Amount |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  | Net Carrying Amount |  |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  | Net Carrying Amount |
Core deposit intangible assets(1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Core deposit intangibles |  |  | 8,527 |  |  |  | 3,588 |  |  |  | 4,939 |  |  |  | 14,792 |  |  |  | 8,963 |  |  |  | 5,829 |
Total core deposit intangible assets |  | $ | 8,527 |  |  | $ | 3,588 |  |  | $ | 4,939 |  |  | $ | 14,792 |  |  | $ | 8,963 |  |  | $ | 5,829 |

(1) | Excludes fully amortized core deposit intangible assets

Aggregate core deposit intangible amortization expense was $890, $913 and $945 for 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE
7 - GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
(Continued)
Activity for mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) and the related valuation allowance follows:

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Mortgage Servicing Rights: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of year |  | $ | 2,246 |  |  | $ | 1,562 |
Additions |  |  | 764 |  |  |  | 1,310 |
Disposals |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Amortized to expense |  |  | 572 |  |  |  | 524 |
Other Charges |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Change in valuation allowance |  |  | (204 | ) |  |  | 102 |
End of year |  | $ | 2,642 |  |  | $ | 2,246 |
Valuation allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of year |  | $ | 204 |  |  | $ | 102 |
Additions expensed |  |  | 261 |  |  |  | 162 |
Reductions credited to operations |  |  | (465 | ) |  |  | (60 | )
Direct write-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
End of year |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 204 |

The unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans serviced for third parties was $405,786 at December 31, 2021, compared to $353,473 at December 31, 2020 and $206,950 at December 31, 2019.
Aggregate mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) amortization was $572, $524 and $247 for 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Mortgage loan contractual servicing fees were $947, $634 and $502 for 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Mortgage loan contractual servicing fees are included in Other income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The fair value of servicing rights was $2,642 and $2,246 at year-end 2021 and 2020, respectively. Fair value at year-end 2021 was determined using a discount rate of 12.0%, prepayment speeds ranging from 8.0% to 35.0%, depending on the stratification of the specific right, and a weighted average default rate of 0.41%. Fair value at year-end 2020 was determined using a discount rate of 12.0%, prepayment speeds ranging from 12.0% to 50.0%, depending on the stratification of the specific right, and a default rate of 0.93%.
Estimated amortization expense for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows:

|  | MSRs |  |  | Core deposit intangibles |  |  | Total |
2022 |  | $ | 137 |  |  | $ | 868 |  |  | $ | 1,005 |
2023 |  |  | 137 |  |  |  | 841 |  |  |  | 978 |
2024 |  |  | 137 |  |  |  | 804 |  |  |  | 941 |
2025 |  |  | 137 |  |  |  | 708 |  |  |  | 845 |
2026 |  |  | 135 |  |  |  | 670 |  |  |  | 805 |
Thereafter |  |  | 1,959 |  |  |  | 1,048 |  |  |  | 3,007 |
|  | $ | 2,642 |  |  | $ | 4,939 |  |  | $ | 7,581 |

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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 8 - INTEREST-BEARING DEPOSITS
Interest-bearing deposits as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Demand |  | $ | 537,510 |  |  | $ | 410,139 |
Savings and Money markets |  |  | 843,837 |  |  |  | 771,612 |
Certificates of Deposit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
$250 and over |  |  | 55,011 |  |  |  | 70,989 |
Other |  |  | 149,521 |  |  |  | 169,453 |
Individual Retirement Accounts |  |  | 41,916 |  |  |  | 46,396 |
Total |  | $ | 1,627,795 |  |  | $ | 1,468,589 |

Scheduled maturities of certificates of deposit, including IRAs at December 31, 2021 were as follows:

2022 |  | $ | 173,834 |
2023 |  |  | 45,195 |
2024 |  |  | 18,810 |
2025 |  |  | 3,829 |
2026 |  |  | 3,596 |
Thereafter |  |  | 1,184 |
Total |  | $ | 246,448 |

Deposits from the Company’s principal shareholders, officers, directors, and their affiliates at year-end 2021 and 2020 were $7,690 and $12,487, respectively.
As of December 31, 2021, CDs and IRAs totaling $58,367 met or exceeded the FDIC’s insurance limit of $250,000.
As of December 31, 2021, brokered deposits totaled $26,610.
NOTE 9 - SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS
Short-term borrowings, which consist of federal funds purchased and other short-term borrowings are summarized as follows:

|  | At December 31, 2021 |  |  | At December 31, 2020 |
|  | Federal Funds Purchased |  |  | Short-term Borrowings |  |  | Federal Funds Purchased |  |  | Short-term Borrowings |
Outstanding balance at year end |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Maximum indebtedness during the year |  |  | 50,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50,000 |  |  |  | 102,700 |
Average balance during the year |  |  | 137 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 228 |  |  |  | 8,151 |
Average rate paid during the year |  |  | 0.73 | % |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.35 | % |  |  | 1.64 | %
Interest rate on year end balance |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |

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Table of Contents
CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE
9 - SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS
(Continued)

|  | At December 31, 2019 |
|  | Federal Funds Purchased |  |  | Short-term Borrowings |
Outstanding balance at year end |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 101,500 |
Maximum indebtedness during the year |  |  | 20,000 |  |  |  | 192,700 |
Average balance during the year |  |  | 137 |  |  |  | 112,088 |
Average rate paid during the year |  |  | 2.19 | % |  |  | 2.32 | %
Interest rate on year end balance |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1.63 | %

Average balances during the year represent daily averages. Average interest rates represent interest expense divided by the related average balances.
These borrowing transactions can range from overnight to six months in maturity. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were no short-term borrowings with outstanding balances. The average maturity was one day at December 31, 2019.
NOTE 10 - FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK ADVANCES
Long-term advances from the FHLB were $75,000 and $125,000 at December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Outstanding balances have a maturity date of October 2029 with fixed rate of 1.03%. The average rate on outstanding advances was 1.03% at December 31, 2021. Outstanding advances are prepayable in whole only and are subject to a termination fee. The Company has one long-term advance, with a put options. The advance is in the amount of $75,000 and is puttable beginning October 2020 and every quarter thereafter.
During the second quarter of 2021, the Company prepaid a $50,000 advance with a rate of 2.05% and a remaining maturity of approximately 8 years at a pre-tax loss of approximately $3,717. The prepayment penalty of $3,717 was recorded in other operating expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Scheduled principal reductions of FHLB advances outstanding at December 31, 2021 were as follows:

2029 |  | $ | 75,000 |
Total |  | $ | 75,000 |

In addition to the borrowing, the Company had outstanding letters of credit with the FHLB totaling $21,300 and $20,000 at year-end 2021 and 2020, respectively, used for pledging to secure public funds. FHLB borrowings and the letters of credit were collateralized by FHLB stock and by $737,389 and $217,500 of residential mortgage loans under a blanket lien arrangement at year-end 2021 and 2020, respectively.
The Company had a FHLB maximum borrowing capacity of $677,834 as of December 31, 2021, with remaining borrowing capacity of approximately $581,534. The borrowing arrangement with the FHLB is subject to annual renewal. The maximum borrowing capacity is recalculated at least
quarterly.
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE
11 - SECURITIES SOLD UNDER AGREEMENTS TO REPURCHASE
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are used to facilitate the needs of our customers as well as to facilitate our short-term funding needs. Securities sold under repurchase agreements are carried at the amount of cash received in association with the agreement. We continuously monitor the collateral levels and may be required, from time to time, to provide additional collateral based on the fair value of the underlying securities. Securities pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements are maintained with our safekeeping agents.
The following table presents detail regarding the securities pledged as collateral under repurchase agreements as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. All of the repurchase agreements are overnight agreements.

|  | December 31, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
Securities pledged for repurchase agreements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities |  | $ | 16,478 |  |  | $ | 899 |
Obligations of U.S. government agencies |  |  | 9,017 |  |  |  | 28,015 |
Total securities pledged |  | $ | 25,495 |  |  | $ | 28,914 |
Gross amount of recognized liabilities for repurchase agreements |  | $ | 25,495 |  |  | $ | 28,914 |
Amounts related to agreements not included in offsetting disclosures above |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

Information concerning securities sold under agreements to repurchase was as follows:

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Outstanding balance at year end |  | $ | 25,495 |  |  | $ | 28,914 |  |  | $ | 18,674 |
Average balance during the year |  |  | 24,390 |  |  |  | 24,390 |  |  |  | 18,321 |
Average interest rate during the year |  |  | 0.09 | % |  |  | 0.10 | % |  |  | 0.10 | %
Maximum month-end balance during the year |  | $ | 34,200 |  |  | $ | 31,885 |  |  | $ | 21,970 |
Weighted average interest rate at year end |  |  | 0.05 | % |  |  | 0.10 | % |  |  | 0.10 | %

NOTE 12 - SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES
On November 30, 2021, the Company entered into a Subordinated Note Purchase Agreement pursuant to which the Company sold and issued $75,000 aggregate principal amount of its 3.25% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2031. The Notes have a stated maturity of
December 31, 2031
.
The Notes will initially bear interest at a fixed rate of 3.25% per annum, from and including November 30, 2021, to but excluding December 1, 2026, with interest payable semi-annually in arrears. From and including December 1, 2026, to but excluding the stated maturity date or early redemption date, the interest rate will reset quarterly to an annual floating rate equal to the then-current benchmark rate, which will initially be the three-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) plus 219 basis points, with interest during such period payable quarterly in arrears. If three-month SOFR cannot be determined during the applicable floating rate period, a different index will be determined and used in accordance with the terms of the Notes and underlying
Indenture.
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE
12 - SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES
(Continued)
Prior to
December 1, 2026, the Company may redeem the Notes, in whole but not in part, only under certain limited circumstances as set forth in the Indenture. On or after December 1, 2026, the Company may, at its option, redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, on any interest payment date, subject to the receipt of any required regulatory approvals. Any redemption by the Company would be at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to but excluding the date of redemption.
Trusts formed by the Company
in March of 2002 and March of 2003 issued floating rate trust preferred securities, in the amounts of $5,000 and $7,500, respectively, through special purpose entities as part of pooled offerings of such securities. The Company issued subordinated debentures to the trusts in exchange for the proceeds of the offerings, which debentures represent the sole assets of the trusts. The Company may redeem the subordinated debentures, in whole but not in part, at face value. In March 2007, the Company elected to redeem and refinance the $5,000 floating rate subordinated debenture. The refinancing was done at face value and resulted in a 2.00% reduction in the floating rate. The new subordinated debenture has a 30-year maturity and is redeemable, in whole or in part, anytime without penalty. The replacement subordinated debenture does not have any deferred issuance cost associated with it. At December 31, 2021, the interest rate on the $7,500 debenture was 3.28% and the interest rate on the $5,000 debenture was 1.72%. Both debentures are indexed to the 3-month LIBOR.
Additionally, the Company formed an additional trust in September of 2004 that issued $12,500 of 6.05% fixed rate trust preferred securities for five years, then becoming floating rate trust preferred securities, through a special purpose entity as part of a pooled offering of such securities. The Company issued subordinated debentures to the trusts in exchange for the proceeds of the offerings, which debentures represent the sole assets of the trusts. The Company may redeem the subordinated debentures at face value without penalty. At December 31, 2021, the interest rate on the $12,500 subordinated debenture was 2.37%. The debenture is indexed to the 3-month LIBOR
.
Finally, the Company acquired two additional trust preferred securities as part of its acquisition of Futura Banc Corp (Futura) in December 2007. Futura TPF Trust I and Futura TPF Trust II were formed in June of 2005 in the amounts of $2,500 and $1,927, respectively. Futura had issued subordinated debentures to the trusts in exchange for ownership of all of the common security of the trusts and the proceeds of the preferred securities sold by the trusts. The Company may redeem the subordinated debentures, in whole or in part, in a principal amount with integral multiples of $1,000, at 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest. The subordinated debentures mature on June 15, 2035. The subordinated debentures are also redeemable in whole or in part from time to time, upon the occurrence of specific events defined within the trust indenture. At December 31, 2021, the interest rate on the $2,500 subordinated debenture was variable at 1.78%. The debenture is indexed to the 3-month LIBOR In June 2010, the rate on the $1,927 subordinated debenture switched from a fixed rate to a floating rate. At December 31, 2021, the interest rate on the $1,927 subordinated debenture was 1.78%. The debenture is indexed to the 3-month LIBOR.
Subordinated debentures in the amount of $102,813 will mature 5 years and
thereafter.
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 13 - INCOME TAXES
Income taxes were as follows for the years ended December 31:

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Current |  | $ | 5,111 |  |  | $ | 6,947 |  |  | $ | 4,713 |
State |  |  | 587 |  |  |  | 270 |  |  |  | 307 |
Deferred |  |  | 1,319 |  |  |  | (2,277 | ) |  |  | 663 |
Income taxes |  | $ | 7,017 |  |  | $ | 4,940 |  |  | $ | 5,683 |

Effective tax rates differed
from the statutory federal income tax rate of 21% in 2021, 2020 and 2019 due to the following:

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Income taxes computed at the statutory federal tax rate |  | $ | 9,988 |  |  | $ | 7,798 |  |  | $ | 8,308 |
Add (subtract) tax effect of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nontaxable interest income, net of nondeductible interest expense |  |  | (1,315 | ) |  |  | (1,293 | ) |  |  | (1,194 | )
Low income housing tax credit |  |  | (1,402 | ) |  |  | (1,186 | ) |  |  | (903 | )
Cash surrender value of BOLI |  |  | (252 | ) |  |  | (205 | ) |  |  | (211 | )
Change in tax position BOLI |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (353 | )
Other |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (174 | ) |  |  | 36 |
Income tax expense |  | $ | 7,017 |  |  | $ | 4,940 |  |  | $ | 5,683 |

Year-end deferred tax assets and liabilities were due to the following:

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Deferred tax assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses |  | $ | 5,595 |  |  | $ | 5,256 |
Deferred compensation |  |  | 1,213 |  |  |  | 1,201 |
Pension costs |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | 304 |
Intangible assets |  |  | 231 |  |  |  | 312 |
Net operating loss carryforward |  |  | — |  |  |  | 509 |
Deferred loan fees |  |  | 614 |  |  |  | 1,260 |
Other |  |  | 713 |  |  |  | 745 |
Deferred tax asset |  |  | 8,422 |  |  |  | 9,587 |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax depreciation in excess of book depreciation |  |  | (973 | ) |  |  | (851 | )
Discount accretion on securities |  |  | (86 | ) |  |  | (10 | )
FHLB stock dividends |  |  | (969 | ) |  |  | (969 | )
Unrealized gain on securities available for sale |  |  | (3,806 | ) |  |  | (5,606 | )
Prepaids |  |  | (276 | ) |  |  | (325 | )
Other |  |  | (1,243 | ) |  |  | (979 | )
Deferred tax liability |  |  | (7,353 | ) |  |  | (8,740 | )
Net deferred tax asset |  | $ | 1,069 |  |  | $ | 847 |

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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
N
OTE
13 - INCOME TAXES
(Continued)
No valuation allowance was established at December 31, 2021 and 2020, due to the Company’s ability to carryforward net operating losses to taxes paid in future years and certain tax strategies, coupled with the anticipated future income as evidenced by the Company’s earning potential.
The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal income tax. The Company is subject to tax in Ohio based upon its net worth and in Indiana based upon its net income.
There is currently no liability for uncertain tax positions and no known unrecognized tax benefits. The Company’s federal tax returns for taxable years through 201
7
have been closed for purposes of examination by the Internal Revenue Service.
NOTE 14 - RETIREMENT PLANS
The Company sponsors a savings and retirement 401(k) plan, which covers all employees who meet certain eligibility requirements and who choose to participate in the plan. The matching contribution to the 401(k) plan was $1,258, $1,226 and $1,074 in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company’s matching contribution is 100% of an employee’s first three percent contributed and 50% of the next two percent contributed.
The Company
also sponsors a pension plan which is a noncontributory defined benefit retirement plan for all employees who have attained the age of
20 1/2
, completed
six
months
of service and work
1,000
or more hours per year. Annual payments, subject to the maximum amount deductible for federal income tax purposes, are made to a pension trust fund. In 2006, the Company amended the pension plan to provide that no employee could be added as a participant to the pension plan after December 31, 2006. In April 2014, the Company amended the pension plan again to provide that
no
additional benefits would accrue beyond April
30
,
2014
.
In October 2015, the Company, on behalf of it and its subsidiaries, entered into Pension Shortfall Agreements (the “Shortfall Agreements”) with ten employees of Civista. When the Company ceased accruals to its defined benefit pension plan on April 30, 2014, the circumstances of some participants with limited periods until their anticipated retirement dates would not permit them to use other available alternatives to make up for the shortfall in their expected pension. The Company calculated the total amount of the shortfall for each of the referenced individuals after considering its contributions to other retirement benefits. Pension shortfall expense was $130 in 2021, $130 in 2020 and $161 in 2019. Included in pension shortfall expense was interest expense, totaling $9, $9 and $20 in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which was also recorded in and credited to the accounts of the ten individuals covered by this
plan.
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 14 - RETIREMENT PLANS
(Continued)
Information about the pension plan is as follows:

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Change in benefit obligation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning benefit obligation |  | $ | 16,656 |  |  | $ | 15,570 |
Service cost |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Interest cost |  |  | 378 |  |  |  | 484 |
Curtailment gain |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Settlement loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Actuarial (gain)/loss |  |  | (921 | ) |  |  | 1,898 |
Benefits paid |  |  | (711 | ) |  |  | (1,296 | )
Settlement payments |  |  | (18 | ) |  |  | — |
Ending benefit obligation |  |  | 15,384 |  |  |  | 16,656 |
Change in plan assets, at fair value: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning plan assets |  |  | 15,257 |  |  |  | 15,183 |
Actual return |  |  | 574 |  |  |  | 1,370 |
Employer contribution |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Benefits paid |  |  | (711 | ) |  |  | (1,296 | )
Settlement payments |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Administrative expenses |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Ending plan assets |  |  | 15,120 |  |  |  | 15,257 |
Funded status at end of year |  | $ | (264 | ) |  | $ | (1,399 | )

Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at December 31, consist of unrecognized actuarial loss of $5,855, net of $1,556 tax in 2021 and $6,828, net of $1,815 tax in 2020.
The accumulated benefit obligation for the defined benefit pension plan was $15,384 at December 31, 2021 and $16,656 at December 31,
2020.
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 14 - RETIREMENT PLANS
(Continued)
The components of net periodic pension expense were as follows:

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Service cost |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest cost |  |  | 378 |  |  |  | 484 |  |  |  | 479 |
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | (574 | ) |  |  | (748 | ) |  |  | (811 | )
Net amortization and deferral |  |  | 240 |  |  |  | 289 |  |  |  | 156 |
Net periodic pension cost (benefit) |  |  | 44 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | (176 | )
Additional loss due to settlement |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0 |
Total pension cost (benefit) |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | (176 | )
Net loss (gain) recognized in other comprehensive income |  | $ | (854 | ) |  | $ | 986 |  |  | $ | 2,798 |
Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other comprehensive loss (before tax) |  | $ | (810 | ) |  | $ | 1,011 |  |  | $ | 2,622 |

The components of net periodic benefit cost other than the service cost component are included in the line item “other operating expenses” in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
The estimated net loss for the defined benefit pension plan that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year is $240. The Company incurred settlement costs in 2021, 2020 and 2019 of $(18), $0 and $0, respectively.
The weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at year-end were as follows:

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Discount rate on benefit obligation |  |  | 2.74 | % |  |  | 2.39 | % |  |  | 3.13 | %
Long-term rate of return on plan assets |  |  | 3.84 | % |  |  | 4.44 | % |  |  | 4.96 | %
Rate of compensation increase |  |  | 0.00 | % |  |  | 0.00 | % |  |  | 0.00 | %

The weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic pension cost were as follows:

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Discount rate on benefit obligation |  |  | 2.39 | % |  |  | 3.13 | % |  |  | 4.14 | %
Long-term rate of return on plan assets |  |  | 4.44 | % |  |  | 4.96 | % |  |  | 7.00 | %
Rate of compensation increase |  |  | 0.00 | % |  |  | 0.00 | % |  |  | 0.00 | %

The Company uses long-term market rates to determine the discount rate on the benefit obligation. Declines in the discount rate lead to increases in the actuarial loss related to the benefit obligation.
The expectation for long-term rate of return on the pension assets and the expected rate of compensation increases are reviewed periodically by management in consultation with outside actuaries and primary
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 14 - RETIREMENT PLANS
(Continued)
investment consultants. Factors considered in setting and adjusting these rates are historic and projected rates of return on the portfolio and historic and estimated rates of increases of compensation. Since the pension plan is frozen, the rate of compensation increase used to determine the benefit obligation for 2021, 2020 and 2019 was zero.
The Company’s pension plan asset allocation at year-end 2021 and 2020 and target allocation for 2022 by asset category are as follows:

|  | Target Allocation |  |  | Percentage of Plan Assets at Year-end |
Asset Category |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Equity securities |  |  | 0-30 | % |  |  | 20.0 | % |  |  | 20.0 | %
Debt securities |  |  | 70-100 |  |  |  | 80.0 |  |  |  | 80.0 |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | %

The Company developed the pension plan investment policies and strategies for plan assets with its pension management firm. The assets are currently invested in seven diversified investment funds, which include four equity funds and three bond funds. The long-term guidelines from above were created to maximize the return on portfolio assets while reducing the risk of the portfolio. The management firm may allocate assets among the separate accounts within the established long-term guidelines. Transfers among these accounts will be at the management firm’s discretion based on their investment outlook and the investment strategies that are outlined at periodic meetings with the Company. The expected long-term rate of return on the plan assets was 3.84% in 2021 and 4.44% in 2020. This return is based on the expected return for each of the asset categories, weighted based on the target allocation for
each class.
The Company
does not expect to make any contribution to its pension plan in 2022. Employer contributions totaled $0 in 2021 and 2020. A decrease in the benefit obligations and actuarial gains led to a decrease in the deficit from $1,399 at December 31, 2020 to a deficit of $264 at December 31, 2021.
Common/Collective Trust Funds
Valued at the daily NAV as reported by the funds. These funds are not traded in an active market or exchange, and the NAV per unit is calculated by dividing the net assets of the fund by the number of units outstanding, which includes observable inputs. The method described above may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, while the Plan believes its valuation method is appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.
Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient are not required to be categorized in the fair value hierarchy tables.
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Table of Contents
CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 14 - RETIREMENT PLANS
(Continued)
Fair Value of Investments in Entities That Use NAV
The following table summarizes investments measured at fair value based on NAV per share as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively:

December 31, 2021 |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unfunded Commitments |  |  | Redemption Frequency (if currently eligible) |  |  | Redemption Notice Period |
Common/collective trust funds |  | $ | 15,120 |  |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | Daily |  |  |  | Daily |

December 31, 2020 |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unfunded Commitments |  |  | Redemption Frequency (if currently eligible) |  |  | Redemption Notice Period |
Common/collective trust funds |  | $ | 15,257 |  |  |  | N/A |  |  |  | Daily |  |  |  | Daily |

The methods described above may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. Furthermore, while the Pension Plan believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.
Expected benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, are as follows:

2022 |  | $ | 246 |
2023 |  |  | 288 |
2024 |  |  | 327 |
2025 |  |  | 391 |
2026 |  |  | 491 |
2027 through 2031 |  |  | 3,100 |
Total |  | $ | 4,843 |

Supplemental Retirement Plan
Civista established a supplemental retirement plan (“SERP”) in 2013, which covers key members of management. Under the SERP, participants will receive annually, following retirement, a percentage of their base compensations at the time of their retirement for a maximum of ten years. The SERP liability recorded at December 31, 2021, was $3,334, compared to $3,097 at December 31, 2020. The expense related to the SERP was $404, $429 and $394 for 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Distributions to participants made in 2021, 2020 and 2019 totaled $167, $168, and $128,
respectively.
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Table of Contents
CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 15 - EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
At the Company’s 2014 annual meeting, the shareholders adopted the Company’s 2014 Incentive Plan (“2014 Incentive Plan”). The 2014 Incentive Plan authorizes the Company to grant options, stock awards, stock units and other awards for up to 375,000 common shares of the Company. There were 154,123 shares available for grants under this plan at December 31, 2021.
No options had been granted under the 2014 Incentive Plan as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.
In recent years, the Board of Directors has awarded restricted common shares to senior officers of the Company. The restricted shares vest ratably over a three-year period following the grant date. The product of the number of restricted shares granted and the grant date market price of the Company’s common shares determines the fair value of restricted shares under the Company’s 2014 Incentive Plan. Management recognizes compensation expense for the fair value of restricted shares on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the entire award.
During the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, directors of the Company’s banking subsidiary, Civista, were paid a retainer in the form of non-restricted common shares of the Company. The aggregate common shares of 8,792, 14,266 and 8,946, respectively were issued to Civista directors as payment of their retainer for their service on the Civista Board of Directors. The issuances were expensed in their entirety when the shares were issued in the amounts of $196, $196 and $196, respectively.
The Company includes share-based compensation for employees as “Compensation expense” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The following is a summary of the status of the Company’s restricted shares, and changes therein during the twelve months ended December 31, 2021:

|  | December 31, 2021 |
|  | Number of Restricted Shares |  |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |
Nonvested at beginning of period |  |  | 54,274 |  |  | $ | 20.90 |
Granted |  |  | 39,139 |  |  |  | 19.17 |
Vested |  |  | (20,275 | ) |  |  | 20.35 |
Forfeited |  |  | (3,298 | ) |  |  | 19.74 |
Nonvested at end of period |  |  | 69,840 |  |  |  | 20.14 |

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Table of Contents
CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 15 - EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
(Continued)
The following is a summary of the status of the Company’s awarded restricted shares as of December 31, 2021:

At December 31, 2021 |
Date of Award |  |  |  | Shares |  |  | Remaining Expense |  |  | Remaining Vesting Period (Years) |
March 20, 2017 |  |  |  |  | 1,198 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 0.00 |
April 10, 2018 |  |  |  |  | 3,114 |  |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | 1.00 |
March 14, 2019 |  |  |  |  | 3,174 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.00 |
March 14, 2019 |  |  |  |  | 6,560 |  |  |  | 79 |  |  |  | 2.00 |
March 14, 2020 |  |  |  |  | 8,595 |  |  |  | 85 |  |  |  | 1.00 |
March 14, 2020 |  |  |  |  | 10,390 |  |  |  | 148 |  |  |  | 3.00 |
March 3, 2021 |  |  |  |  | 16,277 |  |  |  | 226 |  |  |  | 4.00 |
March 3, 2021 |  |  |  |  | 20,532 |  |  |  | 262 |  |  |  | 2.00 |
|  |  |  |  | 69,840 |  |  | $ | 831 |  |  |  | 2.30 |

During the twelve months ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded share-based compensation expense of $506, $421 and $335, respectively, and director retainer fees of $196, $196 and $196, respectively, for shares granted under the 2014 Incentive Plan. At December 31, 2021, the total compensation cost related to unvested awards not yet recognized was $831, which is expected to be recognized over the weighted average remaining life of the grants of 2.30 years.
NOTE 16 - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT
U.S. generally accepted accounting principles establish a hierarchal disclosure framework associated with the level of observable pricing utilized in measuring assets and liabilities at fair value. The three broad levels defined by the hierarchy are as follows: Level 1: Quoted prices for identical assets in active markets that are identifiable on the measurement date; Level 2: Significant other observable inputs, such as quoted prices for similar assets, quoted prices in markets that are not active and other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data; Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own view about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset.
Securities:
The fair values of securities available for sale are determined by matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique widely used in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities, but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2 inputs).
Equity securities:
The Company has two types of equity securities, one is not actively traded in an open market, while the other is listed on an exchange and is less frequently traded. The fair value of the equity security available for sale not actively traded in an open market is determined by using market data inputs for similar securities that are observable. (Level 2 inputs).
Fair value swap asset/liability:
The fair value of the swap asset and liability is based on an external derivative model using data inputs as of the valuation date and classified Level 2.
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Table of Contents
CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 16 - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT
(Continued)
Impaired loans:
The Company generally measures impairment on impaired loans based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral. Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third-party appraisals of the properties. In some cases, management may adjust the appraised value due to the age of the appraisal, changes in market conditions, or observable deterioration of the property since the appraisal was completed. Additionally, management makes estimates about expected costs to sell the property which are also included in the net realizable value. If the fair value of the collateral dependent loan is less than the carrying amount of the loan, a specific reserve for the loan is made in the allowance for loan losses or a charge-off is taken to reduce the loan to the fair value of the collateral (less estimated selling costs) and the loan is included in the table below as a Level 3 measurement.
Mortgage servicing rights:
Mortgage servicing rights do not trade in an active market with readily observable market data. As a result, the Company estimates the fair value of mortgage servicing rights by using a discounted cash flow model to calculate the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The Company stratifies its mortgage servicing portfolio on the basis of loan type. The assumptions used in the discounted cash flow model are those that the Company believes market participants would use in estimating future net servicing income. Significant assumptions in the valuation of mortgage servicing rights include estimated loan repayment rates, the discount rate, servicing costs, and the timing of cash flows, among other factors. Mortgage servicing rights are classified as Level 3 measurements due to the use of significant unobservable inputs, as well as significant management judgment and estimation.
Other real estate owned:
OREO is carried at the lower of cost or fair value, which is measured at the date foreclosure. If the fair value of the collateral exceeds the carrying amount of the loan, no charge-off or adjustment is necessary, the loan is not considered to be carried at fair value, and is therefore not included in the table below. If the fair value of the collateral is less than the carrying amount of the loan, management will charge the loan down to its estimated realizable value. Management may adjust the appraised value due to the age of the appraisal, changes in market conditions, or observable deterioration of the property since the appraisal was completed. In these cases, the properties are categorized in the below table as Level 3 measurements since these adjustments are considered to be unobservable inputs. Income and expenses from operations are included in other operating expenses. Further declines in the fair value of the collateral subsequent to foreclosure are included in net gain on sale of other real estate owned.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are summarized below.
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Table of Contents
CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 16 - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT
(Continued)
Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021 using:

|  | (Level 1) |  |  | (Level 2) |  |  | (Level 3) |
Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government agencies |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 47,890 |  |  | $ | — |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  |  | — |  |  |  | 298,836 |  |  |  | — |
Mortgage-backed securities in government sponsored entities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 213,148 |  |  |  | — |
Total securities available for sale |  |  | — |  |  |  | 559,874 |  |  |  | — |
Equity securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,072 |  |  |  | — |
Swap asset |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,072 |  |  |  | — |
Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Swap liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,072 |  |  |  | — |
Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impaired Loans |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11 |
Mortgage servicing rights |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,642 |

Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2020 using:

|  | (Level 1) |  |  | (Level 2) |  |  | (Level 3) |
Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. Government agencies |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21,693 |  |  | $ | — |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  |  | — |  |  |  | 229,012 |  |  |  | — |
Mortgage-backed securities in government sponsored entities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 112,759 |  |  |  | — |
Total securities available for sale |  |  | — |  |  |  | 363,464 |  |  |  | — |
Equity securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 886 |  |  |  | — |
Swap asset |  |  | — |  |  |  | 21,700 |  |  |  | — |
Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Swap liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | 21,764 |  |  |  | — |
Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impaired Loans |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |
Mortgage servicing rights |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,246 |
Other Real Estate Owned |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 31 |

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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 16 - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT
(Continued)
The following tables presents quantitative information about the Level 3 significant unobservable inputs for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2021 and 2020.

|  | Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
December 31, 2021 |  | Fair Value |  |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range |  | Weighted Average
Impaired loans |  | $ | 11 |  |  | Appraisal of collateral |  | Appraisal adjustments |  | 10% |  | 10%
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Holding period |  | 24 months |  | 24 months
|  | Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
December 31, 2020 |  | Fair Value |  |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Input |  | Range |  | Weighted Average
Impaired loans |  | $ | 1 |  |  | Appraisal of collateral |  | Appraisal adjustments |  | 0% - 30% |  | 19%
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Holding period |  | 23 months |  | 23 months
Other real estate owned |  | $ | 31 |  |  | Appraisal of collateral |  | Appraisal adjustments |  | 10% |  | 10%

The carrying amount and fair value of financial instruments carried at amortized cost were as follows:

December 31, 2021 |  | Carrying Amount |  |  | Total Fair Value |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from financial institutions |  | $ | 265,969 |  |  | $ | 265,969 |  |  | $ | 265,969 |  |  |  | $ — |  |  | $ | — |
Other securities |  |  | 17,011 |  |  |  | 17,011 |  |  |  | 17,011 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Loans, held for sale |  |  | 1,972 |  |  |  | 2,011 |  |  |  | 2,011 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses |  |  | 1,971,238 |  |  |  | 1,945,638 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,945,638 |
Bank owned life insurance |  |  | 47,176 |  |  |  | 47,176 |  |  |  | 47,176 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Accrued interest receivable |  |  | 7,385 |  |  |  | 7,385 |  |  |  | 7,385 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Financial Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonmaturing deposits |  |  | 2,170,253 |  |  |  | 2,170,253 |  |  |  | 2,170,253 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Time deposits |  |  | 246,448 |  |  |  | 247,053 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 247,053 |
Long-term FHLB advances |  |  | 75,000 |  |  |  | 75,930 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 75,930 |
Securities sold under agreement to repurchase |  |  | 25,495 |  |  |  | 25,495 |  |  |  | 25,495 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Subordinated debentures |  |  | 102,813 |  |  |  | 111,118 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 111,118 |
Accrued interest payable |  |  | 315 |  |  |  | 315 |  |  |  | 315 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |

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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 16 - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT
(Continued)

December 31, 2020 |  | Carrying Amount |  |  | Total Fair Value |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from financial institutions |  | $ | 139,522 |  |  | $ | 139,522 |  |  | $ | 139,522 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Other securities |  |  | 20,537 |  |  |  | 20,537 |  |  |  | 20,537 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Loans, held for sale |  |  | 7,001 |  |  |  | 7,141 |  |  |  | 7,141 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses |  |  | 2,032,474 |  |  |  | 2,063,249 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,063,249 |
Bank owned life insurance |  |  | 46,976 |  |  |  | 45,976 |  |  |  | 45,976 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Accrued interest receivable |  |  | 9,421 |  |  |  | 9,421 |  |  |  | 9,421 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Financial Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonmaturing deposits |  |  | 1,902,560 |  |  |  | 1,902,560 |  |  |  | 1,902,560 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Time deposits |  |  | 286,838 |  |  |  | 288,298 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 288,298 |
Long-term FHLB advances |  |  | 125,000 |  |  |  | 130,942 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 130,942 |
Securities sold under agreement to repurchase |  |  | 28,914 |  |  |  | 28,914 |  |  |  | 28,914 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Subordinated debentures |  |  | 29,427 |  |  |  | 31,479 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 31,479 |
Accrued interest payable |  |  | 204 |  |  |  | 204 |  |  |  | 204 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |

NOTE 17 - COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND OFF-BALANCE-SHEET RISK
Some financial instruments, such as loan commitments, credit lines, letters of credit, and overdraft protection are issued to meet customer financing needs. These are agreements to provide credit or to support the credit of others, as long as conditions established in the contract are met, and usually have expiration dates. Commitments may expire without being used. Off-balance-sheet risk to credit loss exists up to the face amount of these instruments, although material losses are not anticipated. The same credit policies are used to make such commitments as are used for loans, including obtaining collateral at exercise of the commitment.
The contractual amount of financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk was as follows at year-end.

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | Fixed Rate |  |  | Variable Rate |  |  | Fixed Rate |  |  | Variable Rate |
Commitments to extend credit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lines of credit and construction loans |  | $ | 33,542 |  |  | $ | 455,777 |  |  | $ | 38,474 |  |  | $ | 427,864 |
Overdraft protection |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 54,034 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 41,707 |
Letters of credit |  |  | 615 |  |  |  | 731 |  |  |  | 615 |  |  |  | 986 |
|  | $ | 34,164 |  |  | $ | 510,542 |  |  | $ | 39,095 |  |  | $ | 470,557 |

Commitments to make loans are generally made for a period of one year or less. Fixed-rate loan commitments included above had interest rates ranging from 3.25% to 8.00% at December 31, 2021 and 3.50% to 8.00% at December 31, 2020. Maturities extend up to 30 years.
Civista is required to maintain certain reserve balances on hand in accordance with the Federal Reserve Board requirements. The average reserve balance maintained in accordance with such requirements was $0 on December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020,
respectively.
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 17 - COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND OFF-BALANCE-SHEET RISK
(Continued)
CBI and Civista are parties to various claims and proceedings arising in the normal course of business. Management, after consultation with legal counsel, believes that the liabilities, if any, arising from such proceedings and claims will not be material to the consolidated balance sheet or results of operations.
NOTE 18 - CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS AND RESTRICTION ON RETAINED EARNINGS
CBI and Civista (collectively, the “Companies”) are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory-and possibly additional discretionary-actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Companies must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Companies’ assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under U.S. GAAP, regulatory reporting requirements, and regulatory capital standards. The Companies’ capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.
Quantitative measures established by regulatory capital standards to ensure capital adequacy require the Companies to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the following table) of total and Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, common equity Tier 1 capital to total risk-weighted assets, and Tier 1 capital to average assets. Management believes, as of December 31, 2021, that the Companies met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject.
As of December 31, 2021, and 2020, the most recent notification from the Federal Reserve Bank categorized Civista as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized the Companies must maintain minimum total risk-based capital, Tier 1 risk-based capital, common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital, and Tier 1 leverage ratios as set forth in the table below. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the institution’s category.
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 18 - CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS AND RESTRICTION ON RETAINED EARNINGS
(Continued)
The Company’s and Civista’s actual capital levels and minimum required capital levels at December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

|  | Actual |  |  | For Capital Adequacy Purposes |  |  | To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Purposes |
|  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |  |  | Amount |  |  | Ratio |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Risk Based Capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  | $ | 394,164 |  |  |  | 19.2 | % |  | $ | 164,498 |  |  |  | 8.0 | % |  |  | n/a |  |  |  | n/a |
Civista |  |  | 338,383 |  |  |  | 16.5 |  |  |  | 164,483 |  |  |  | 8.0 |  |  | $ | 205,604 |  |  |  | 10.0 | %
Tier I Risk Based Capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  |  | 295,064 |  |  |  | 14.3 |  |  |  | 123,373 |  |  |  | 6.0 |  |  |  | n/a |  |  |  | n/a |
Civista |  |  | 312,671 |  |  |  | 15.2 |  |  |  | 123,362 |  |  |  | 6.0 |  |  |  | 164,483 |  |  |  | 8.0 |
CET1 Risk Based Capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  |  | 265,637 |  |  |  | 12.9 |  |  |  | 92,530 |  |  |  | 4.5 |  |  |  | n/a |  |  |  | n/a |
Civista |  |  | 312,671 |  |  |  | 15.2 |  |  |  | 92,522 |  |  |  | 4.5 |  |  |  | 133,642 |  |  |  | 6.5 |
Leverage |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  |  | 295,064 |  |  |  | 10.2 |  |  |  | 115,543 |  |  |  | 4.0 |  |  |  | n/a |  |  |  | n/a |
Civista |  |  | 312,671 |  |  |  | 10.8 |  |  |  | 115,408 |  |  |  | 4.0 |  |  |  | 144,260 |  |  |  | 5.0 |
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Risk Based Capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  | $ | 307,504 |  |  |  | 16.0 | % |  | $ | 153,810 |  |  |  | 8.0 | % |  |  | n/a |  |  |  | n/a |
Civista |  |  | 277,429 |  |  |  | 14.4 |  |  |  | 153,765 |  |  |  | 8.0 |  |  | $ | 192,206 |  |  |  | 10.0 | %
Tier I Risk Based Capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  |  | 283,459 |  |  |  | 14.7 |  |  |  | 115,358 |  |  |  | 6.0 |  |  |  | n/a |  |  |  | n/a |
Civista |  |  | 252,304 |  |  |  | 13.1 |  |  |  | 115,323 |  |  |  | 6.0 |  |  |  | 153,765 |  |  |  | 8.0 |
CET1 Risk Based Capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  |  | 254,032 |  |  |  | 13.2 |  |  |  | 86,518 |  |  |  | 4.5 |  |  |  | n/a |  |  |  | n/a |
Civista |  |  | 241,891 |  |  |  | 12.6 |  |  |  | 86,493 |  |  |  | 4.5 |  |  |  | 124,934 |  |  |  | 6.5 |
Leverage |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated |  |  | 283,459 |  |  |  | 10.8 |  |  |  | 105,279 |  |  |  | 4.0 |  |  |  | n/a |  |  |  | n/a |
Civista |  |  | 252,304 |  |  |  | 9.6 |  |  |  | 105,029 |  |  |  | 4.0 |  |  |  | 131,286 |  |  |  | 5.0 |

CBI’s primary source of funds for paying dividends to its shareholders and for operating expense is the cash accumulated from dividends received from Civista. Payment of dividends by Civista to CBI is subject to restrictions by Civista’s regulatory agencies. These restrictions generally limit dividends to the current and prior two years retained earnings as defined by the regulations. In addition, dividends may not reduce capital levels below minimum regulatory requirements. At December 31, 2021, Civista had $59,772 of net profits available to pay dividends to CBI without requiring regulatory approval.
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 19 - PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Condensed financial information of CBI follows:

|  | December 31, |
Condensed Balance Sheets |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash |  | $ | 45,800 |  |  | $ | 19,446 |
Equity securities |  |  | 1,072 |  |  |  | 886 |
Investment in bank subsidiary |  |  | 408,255 |  |  |  | 344,948 |
Investment in nonbank subsidiaries |  |  | 3,474 |  |  |  | 16,017 |
Other assets |  |  | 2,016 |  |  |  | 1,575 |
Total assets |  | $ | 460,617 |  |  | $ | 382,872 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred income taxes and other liabilities |  | $ | 2,592 |  |  | $ | 3,337 |
Subordinated debentures |  |  | 102,813 |  |  |  | 29,427 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 105,405 |  |  |  | 32,764 |
Shareholders’ Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock |  |  | 277,741 |  |  |  | 277,039 |
Accumulated earnings |  |  | 125,558 |  |  |  | 93,048 |
Treasury Stock |  |  | (56,907 | ) |  |  | (34,598 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive income |  |  | 8,820 |  |  |  | 14,619 |
Total shareholders’ equity |  |  | 355,212 |  |  |  | 350,108 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 460,617 |  |  | $ | 382,872 |

|  | For the years ended December 31, |
Condensed Statements of Operations |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Dividends from bank subsidiaries |  | $ | 19,900 |  |  | $ | 15,300 |  |  | $ | 13,300 |
Dividends from non-bank subsidiaries |  |  | 1,000 |  |  |  | 440 |  |  |  | — |
Interest expense |  |  | (956 | ) |  |  | (945 | ) |  |  | (1,423 | )
Pension expense |  |  | (47 | ) |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  | 176 |
Other expense, net |  |  | (1,004 | ) |  |  | (1,241 | ) |  |  | (1,107 | )
Income (loss) before equity in undistributed net earnings of subsidiaries |  |  | 18,893 |  |  |  | 13,529 |  |  |  | 10,946 |
Income tax benefit |  |  | 425 |  |  |  | 475 |  |  |  | 494 |
Equity in undistributed net earnings of subsidiaries |  |  | 21,228 |  |  |  | 18,188 |  |  |  | 22,438 |
Net income |  | $ | 40,546 |  |  | $ | 32,192 |  |  | $ | 33,878 |
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 34,747 |  |  | $ | 39,937 |  |  | $ | 42,204 |

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Table of Contents
CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 19 - PARENT COMPANY ONLY CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
(Continued)

|  | For the years ended December 31, |
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 40,546 |  |  | $ | 32,192 |  |  | $ | 33,878 |
Adjustment to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in other assets and other liabilities |  |  | 2,495 |  |  |  | 1,925 |  |  |  | 4,437 |
Equity in undistributed net earnings of subsidiaries |  |  | (21,228 | ) |  |  | (18,188 | ) |  |  | (22,438 | )
Net cash from (used for) operating activities |  |  | 21,813 |  |  |  | 15,929 |  |  |  | 15,877 |
Investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Disposal of minority interest |  |  | 11,500 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Disposal of investment in subsidiary |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 41 |
Acquisition and additional capitalization of subsidiary, net of cash acquired |  |  | (50,000 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Net cash from (used for) investing activities |  |  | (38,500 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 41 |
Financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid on fractional shares on preferred stock conversion to common stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2 | )
Proceeds from subordinated debenture, net of issuance costs |  |  | 73,386 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Purchase of treasury stock |  |  | (22,309 | ) |  |  | (13,454 | ) |  |  | (3,909 | )
Payment to repurchase series B preferred stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (402 | )
Cash dividends paid |  |  | (8,036 | ) |  |  | (7,118 | ) |  |  | (7,194 | )
Net cash used for financing activities |  |  | 43,041 |  |  |  | (20,572 | ) |  |  | (11,507 | )
Net change in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 26,354 |  |  |  | (4,643 | ) |  |  | 4,411 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |  |  | 19,446 |  |  |  | 24,089 |  |  |  | 19,678 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year |  | $ | 45,800 |  |  | $ | 19,446 |  |  | $ | 24,089 |

NOTE 20 - PREFERRED SHARES
On December 19, 2013, the Company completed the sale of 1,000,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/40th ownership interest in a 6.50% Noncumulative Redeemable Convertible Perpetual Preferred Share, Series B, of the Company, with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share (equivalent to $25.00 per depositary share). The Company sold the maximum of 1,000,000 depositary shares in the offering, resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of $25,000.
Using proceeds from the sale of the depositary shares, the Company redeemed all of its outstanding Series A Preferred Shares for an aggregate purchase price of $22,857, which redemption was completed as of February 15, 2014.
All outstanding depositary shares were redeemed or converted into common shares by December 20, 2019.
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 21 - EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
The factors used in the earnings per share computation follow.

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Basic |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 40,546 |  |  | $ | 32,192 |  |  | $ | 33,878 |
Preferred stock dividends |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 647 |
Less allocation of earnings and dividends to participating securities |  |  | 173 |  |  |  | 98 |  |  |  | 87 |
Net income available to common shareholders—basic |  | $ | 40,373 |  |  | $ | 32,094 |  |  | $ | 33,144 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding |  |  | 15,408,863 |  |  |  | 16,129,875 |  |  |  | 15,652,881 |
Less average participating securities |  |  | 65,648 |  |  |  | 49,012 |  |  |  | 40,013 |
Weighted average number of shares outstanding used in the calculation of basic earnings per common share |  |  | 15,343,215 |  |  |  | 16,080,863 |  |  |  | 15,612,868 |
Basic earnings per share |  | $ | 2.63 |  |  | $ | 2.00 |  |  | $ | 2.12 |
Diluted |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income available to common shareholders—basic |  | $ | 40,373 |  |  | $ | 32,094 |  |  | $ | 33,144 |
Preferred stock dividends on convertible preferred stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 647 |
Net income available to common shareholders—diluted |  | $ | 40,373 |  |  | $ | 32,094 |  |  | $ | 33,791 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding used in the calculation of earnings per common share basic |  |  | 15,343,215 |  |  |  | 16,080,863 |  |  |  | 15,612,868 |
Add: dilutive effects of convertible preferred shares |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,198,859 |
Average shares and dilutive potential common shares outstanding—diluted |  |  | 15,343,215 |  |  |  | 16,080,863 |  |  |  | 16,851,740 |
Diluted earnings per share |  | $ | 2.63 |  |  | $ | 2.00 |  |  | $ | 2.01 |

The presentation for earnings per common share for prior periods was revised to present under the two-class method. Earnings per common share for prior periods was not impacted.
Basic earnings per common share are calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share include the dilutive effect, if any, of additional potential common shares issuable under the equity incentive plan, computed using the treasury stock method, and the impact of the Company’s convertible preferred shares using the “if converted” method.
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 22 - DERIVATIVES
To accommodate customer need and to support the Company’s asset/liability positioning, on occasion we enter into interest rate swaps with a customer and a bank counterparty. The interest rate swaps are free-standing derivatives and are recorded at fair value. The Company enters into a floating rate loan and a fixed rate swap with our customer. Simultaneously, the Company enters into an offsetting fixed rate swap with a bank counterparty. In connection with each swap transaction, the Company agrees to pay interest to the customer on a notional amount at a variable interest rate and receive interest from the customer on the same notional amount at a fixed interest rate. At the same time, the Company agrees to pay a bank counterparty the same fixed interest rate on the same notional amount and receive the same variable interest rate on the same notional amount. These transactions allow the Company’s customer to effectively convert variable rate loans to fixed rate loans. Since the Company acts as an intermediary for its customer, changes in the fair value of the underlying derivative contracts offset each other and do not significantly impact the Company’s results of operations unless a significant difference in credit risk emerges between the counterparties at either end of one of the swap contracts. None of the Company’s
derivatives are designated as hedging instruments.
The Company presents
derivative positions gross on the balance sheet for customers and net for financial institution counterparty
positions
subject to master netting arrangements. The following table reflects the derivatives recorded on the balance sheet as of December 31:

|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | Notional Amount |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Notional Amount |  |  | Fair Value |
Included in other assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps with loan customers in an asset position |  | $ | 173,490 |  |  | $ | 11,072 |  |  | $ | 244,748 |  |  | $ | 21,700 |
Total included in other assets |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 11,072 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 21,700 |
Included in accrued expenses and other liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps with loan customers in a liability position |  | $ | 71,328 |  |  | $ | 1,628 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Counterparty positions with financial institutions in an asset position |  |  | 71,328 |  |  |  | (1,628 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Counterparty positions with financial institutions in a liability position |  |  | 173,490 |  |  |  | 11,072 |  |  |  | 244,748 |  |  |  | 21,764 |
Total included in accrued expenses and other liabilities |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 11,072 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 21,764 |
Gross notional positions with customers |  | $ | 244,818 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 244,748 |  |  |  |  |
Gross notional positions with financial institution counterparties |  | $ | 244,818 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 244,748 |  |  |  |  |

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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 22 - DERIVATIVES
HEDGING INSTRUMENTS
(Continued)
The effect of swap fair value changes on the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

Derivatives Not Designated |  | Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in |  | Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives |
as Hedging Instruments |  | Income on Derivative |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Interest rate swaps related to customer loans |  | Other income |  |  | $ 64 |  |  |  | $ (64) |  |  |  | $ — |
Total |  |  |  |  | $ 64 |  |  |  | $ (64) |  |  |  | $ — |

The Company monitors and controls all derivative products with a comprehensive Board of Director approved commercial loan swap policy. All hedge transactions must be approved in advance by the Lenders Loan Committee or the Directors Loan Committee of the Board of Directors. The Company classifies changes in the
fair value of derivatives with “Other” in the Consolidated Statements of Operation. Any fees paid to enter the swap contract at inception are recognized in earnings when received. Such fees amounted to $207 and $1,459 during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
At December 31, 2021, the Company had cash and securities at fair value pledged for collateral on its interest rate swaps with third party financial institutions of $10,780 and $509, respectively. At December 31, 2020, the Company had cash and securities at fair value pledged for collateral on its interest rate swaps with third party financial institutions of $11,300 and $11,705, respectively.
NOTE 23 – QUALIFIED AFFORDABLE HOUSING PROJECT INVESTMENTS
The Company invests in qualified affordable housing projects. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the balance of the Company’s investments in qualified affordable housing projects was $13,093 and $11,911, respectively. These balances are reflected in the other assets line on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The unfunded commitments related to the investments in qualified affordable housing projects totaled $5,706 and $5,944 at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. These balances are reflected in the Accrued expenses and other liabilities line on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Other assets and Accrued expenses and other liabilities were revised at December 31, 2020 to reflect the unfunded commitment of $5,944.
During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized amortization expense with respect to its investments in qualified affordable housing projects of $818, $661 and $570, respectively, which was included within pre-tax income on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Additionally, during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized tax credits and other benefits from its investments in affordable housing tax credits of $1,402, $1,186 and $995, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company did not incur impairment losses related to its investment in qualified affordable housing
projects.
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 24 – REVENUE RECOGNITION
The Company accounts for revenues from contracts with customers under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Revenue associated with financial instruments, including revenue from loans and securities are outside the scope of the new standard and accounted for under existing GAAP. In addition, certain noninterest income streams such as fees associated with mortgage servicing rights, financial guarantees, derivatives and certain credit card fees are also not in scope of the new guidance. Noninterest revenue streams in-scope of ASC 606 are discussed below.
Service Charges
Service charges consist of account analysis fees (i.e., net fees earned on analyzed business and public checking accounts), monthly service fees, and other deposit account related fees. The Company’s performance obligation for account analysis fees and monthly service fees is generally satisfied, and the related revenue recognized, over the period in which the service is provided. Other deposit account related fees are largely transactional based, and therefore, the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied, and related revenue recognized, at a point in time. Payment for service charges on deposit accounts is primarily received immediately or in the following month through a direct charge to customers’ accounts.
ATM/Interchange Fees
Fees, exchange, and other service charges are primarily comprised of debit and credit card income, ATM fees and other service charges. Debit and credit card income is primarily comprised of interchange fees earned whenever the Company’s debit and credit cards are processed through card payment networks such as Mastercard. ATM fees are primarily generated when a Company cardholder uses a non-Company ATM or a non-Company cardholder uses a Company ATM. The Company’s performance obligation for fees, exchange, and other service charges are largely satisfied, and related revenue recognized, when the services are rendered or upon completion. Payment is typically received immediately or in the following month.
Wealth Management Fees
Wealth management fees are primarily comprised of fees earned from the management and administration of trusts and other customer assets. The Company’s performance obligation is generally satisfied over time and the resulting fees are recognized monthly, based upon the month-end market value of the assets under management and the applicable fee rate. Payment is generally received in the following month through a direct charge to customers’ accounts. The Company does not earn performance-based incentives. The Company’s performance obligation for these transactional-based services is generally satisfied, and related revenue recognized, at a point in time (i.e., as incurred). Payment is received shortly after services are rendered.
Tax Refund Processing Fees
The Company facilitates the payment of federal and state income tax refunds in partnership with a third-party vendor. Refund Transfers (“RTs”) are fee-based products whereby a tax refund is issued to the taxpayer after the Company has received the refund from the federal or state government. As part of this agreement the Company earns fee income, the majority of which is received in the first quarter of the year. The Company’s fee income revenue is recognized based on the estimated percent of business completed by each date.
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 24 – REVENUE RECOGNITION
(Continued)
Other
Other noninterest income consists of other recurring revenue streams such as check order fees, wire transfer fees, safety deposit box rental fees, item processing fees and other miscellaneous revenue streams. Check order income mainly represents fees charged to customers for checks. Wire transfer fees represent revenue from processing wire transfers. Safe deposit box rental fees are charged to the customer on an annual basis and recognized upon receipt of payment. The Company determined that since rentals and renewals occur fairly consistently over time, revenue is recognized on a basis consistent with the duration of the performance obligation. Item processing fee income represents fees charged to other financial institutions for processing their transactions. Payment is typically received in the following month.
The following presents noninterest income, segregated by revenue streams in-scope and out-of-scope of Topic 606, for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.

|  |  | For the years ended December 31, |
|  |  | 2021 |  |  |  | 2020 |  |  |  | 2019 |
Noninterest Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
In-scope of Topic 606: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service charges |  | $ | 5,905 |  |  | $ | 5,288 |  |  | $ | 6,395 |
ATM/Interchange fees |  |  | 5,443 |  |  |  | 4,472 |  |  |  | 4,056 |
Wealth management fees |  |  | 4,857 |  |  |  | 3,981 |  |  |  | 3,670 |
Tax refund processing fees |  |  | 2,375 |  |  |  | 2,375 |  |  |  | 2,750 |
Other |  |  | 1,055 |  |  |  | 831 |  |  |  | 911 |
Noninterest Income (in-scope of Topic 606) |  |  | 19,635 |  |  |  | 16,947 |  |  |  | 17,782 |
Noninterest Income (out-of-scope of Topic 606) |  |  | 11,817 |  |  |  | 11,235 |  |  |  | 4,661 |
Total Noninterest Income |  | $ | 31,452 |  |  | $ | 28,182 |  |  | $ | 22,443 |

NOTE 2
5
- LEASES
We have operating leases for several branch locations and office space. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. We also lease certain office equipment under operating leases. Many of our leases include both lease (e.g., minimum rent payments) and non-lease (e.g., common-area or other maintenance costs) components. The Company accounts for each component separately based on the standalone price of each component. In addition, we have several operating leases with lease terms of less than one year and therefore, we have elected the practical expedient to exclude these short-term leases from our right-of-use (ROU) assets and lease liabilities.
Most leases include one or more options to renew. The exercise of lease renewal options is typically at our sole discretion. The majority of renewals to extend the lease terms are included in our ROU assets and lease liabilities as they are reasonably certain of exercise.
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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 25 - LEASES
(Continued)
As most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we use the fully collateralized FHLB borrowing rate, commensurate with the lease terms based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of the lease payments.
The balance sheet information related to our operating leases were as follows as of December 31, 2021 and 2020:

|  | Classification on the Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | December 31, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease |  | Other assets |  | $ | 2,314 |  |  | $ | 2,678 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease |  | Accrued expenses and other liabilities |  | $ | 2,314 |  |  | $ | 2,678 |

The cost components of our operating leases were as follows for the periods ended December 31, 2021 and 2020:

|  | December 31, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
Lease cost |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease cost |  | $ | 427 |  |  | $ | 499 |
Short-term lease cost |  |  | 161 |  |  |  | 304 |
Sublease income |  |  | (29 | ) |  |  | (26 | )
Total lease cost |  | $ | 559 |  |  | $ | 777 |

Maturities of our lease liabilities for all operating leases for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows:

2022 |  | $ | 420 |
2023 |  |  | 414 |
2024 |  |  | 406 |
2025 |  |  | 308 |
2026 |  |  | 258 |
Thereafter |  |  | 728 |
Total lease payments |  | $ | 2,534 |
Less: Imputed Interest |  |  | 220 |
Present value of lease liabilities |  | $ | 2,314 |

The weighted average remaining lease terms and discount rates for all of our operating leases were as follows as of December 31, 2021:

Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases (years) |  |  | 5.60 |
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases |  |  | 2.82 | %

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CIVISTA BANCSHARES, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019
(Amounts in thousands, except share data)
NOTE 26 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
On January 10, 2022, CBI and Comunibanc Corp. (“Comunibanc”), the parent company of The Henry County Bank entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), pursuant to which CBI will acquire Comunibanc and its wholly-owned subsidiary, The Henry County Bank. It is anticipated that The Henry County Bank will be merged with and into Civista, upon completion of the transaction. At that time, The Henry County Bank’s seven banking offices located in Northwestern Ohio, will become offices of Civista. As of September 30, 2021, Comunibanc and The Henry County Bank had total consolidated assets of $329 million, total loans of $165 million and total deposits of $276 million.
Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, for each share of Comunibanc common stock issued and outstanding, Comunibanc shareholders have the right to receive 1.1888 CBI common shares and $30.13 in cash. This implies a deal value of approximately $50.2 million in the aggregate or $60.59 per Comunibanc share based on the closing price of Civista’s common stock on January 7, 2022 of $25.62.
The merger is anticipated to be completed during the second quarter of 2022, and is subject to the satisfaction of the closing conditions in the Merger Agreement and the approval of the appropriate regulatory authorities and of the shareholders of Comunibanc.
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