Investment Securities

Our investment securities portfolio consists of obligations of state and political subdivisions, corporate bonds, U.S. government agency securities, including residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) and collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) issued or guaranteed by Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC"), or Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), debentures issued by government-sponsored agencies such as FNMA, Federal Farm Credit Bureau, FHLB and FHLMC, as well as privately issued CMOs, as reflected in the table below:



	March 31, 2017									December 31, 2016
	Amortized		Fair		Gross Unrealized					Amortized		Fair		Gross Unrealized
(in thousands)	Cost		Value		Gains		(Losses)			Cost		Value		Gains		(Losses)
Held-to-maturity:
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	$	27,741	$	28,407	$	669	$	(3	)	$	30,856	$	31,544	$	694	$	(6	)
Corporate bonds	3,514		3,511		—		(3		)	3,519		3,518		—		(1		)
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC and FNMA	109,357		108,843		109		(623		)	10,063		10,035		126		(154		)
CMOs issued by FHLMC	31,660		31,660		50		(50		)	—		—		—		—
Total held-to-maturity	172,272		172,421		828		(679		)	44,438		45,097		820		(161		)
Available-for-sale:
Securities of U.S. government agencies:
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC and FNMA	93,676		93,719		328		(285		)	193,998		190,566		145		(3,577		)
CMOs issued by FNMA	12,897		12,874		84		(107		)	13,790		13,772		91		(109		)
CMOs issued by FHLMC	10,237		10,260		25		(2		)	43,452		42,758		37		(731		)
CMOs issued by GNMA	6,181		6,268		87		—			6,844		6,945		102		(1		)
Debentures of government- sponsored agencies	35,488		35,386		2		(104		)	35,486		35,403		7		(90		)
Privately issued CMOs	305		305		—		—			419		419		1		(1		)
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	78,905		77,843		237		(1,299		)	79,306		77,701		135		(1,740		)
Corporate bonds	4,961		5,029		68		—			4,959		5,016		57		—
Total available-for-sale	242,650		241,684		831		(1,797		)	378,254		372,580		575		(6,249		)
Total investment securities	$	414,922	$	414,105	$	1,659	$	(2,476	)	$	422,692	$	417,677	$	1,395	$	(6,410	)

The amortized cost and fair value of investment debt securities by contractual maturity at March 31, 2017 are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities if the issuers of the securities have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.



	March 31, 2017								December 31, 2016
	Held-to-Maturity				Available-for-Sale				Held-to-Maturity				Available-for-Sale
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Within one year	$	10,401	$	10,424	$	21,417	$	21,386	$	13,473	$	13,506	$	20,136	$	20,109
After one but within five years	16,665		17,098		57,185		57,200		16,706		17,150		58,334		58,267
After five years through ten years	43,964		44,082		80,507		79,224		3,000		3,125		113,576		110,842
After ten years	101,242		100,817		83,541		83,874		11,259		11,316		186,208		183,362
Total	$	172,272	$	172,421	$	242,650	$	241,684	$	44,438	$	45,097	$	378,254	$	372,580

Sales of investment securities and gross gains and losses are shown in the following table. The sales of the held-to-maturity securities were due to evidence of significant deterioration of the issuers' creditworthiness since purchase.



	Three months ended
(in thousands)	March 31, 2017		March 31, 2016
Held-to-maturity:
Sales proceeds	$	—	$	54,985
Gross realized gains	—		110
Gross realized losses	—		—

Investment securities carried at $103.6 million and $109.1 million at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, were pledged with the State of California: $102.8 million and $108.3 million to secure public deposits in compliance with the Local Agency Security Program at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and $819 thousand and $822 thousand to provide collateral for trust deposits at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. In addition, investment securities carried at $2.1 million were pledged to collateralize a Wealth Management and Trust Services (“WMTS”) checking account at both March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

As part of our ongoing review of our investment securities portfolio, we reassessed the classification of certain MBS pass-through and CMOs securities issued by FHLMC and FNMA. Effective February 24, 2017, we transferred $129 million of these securities, which we intend and have the ability to hold to maturity, from available-for-sale securities to held-to-maturity at fair value. The unrealized pre-tax loss of $3.0 million at the date of transfer remained in accumulated other comprehensive income and is amortized over the remaining lives of the securities.

Other-Than-Temporarily Impaired ("OTTI") Debt Securities

We have evaluated the credit of our investment securities and their issuers and/or insurers. Based on our evaluation, Management has determined that no investment security in our investment portfolio is other-than-temporarily impaired as of March 31, 2017. We do not have the intent and it is more likely than not that we will not have to sell the remaining securities temporarily impaired at March 31, 2017 before recovery of the amortized cost basis.

There were 106 and 134 investment securities in unrealized loss positions at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Those securities are summarized and classified according to the duration of the loss period in the tables below:



March 31, 2017	< 12 continuous months					≥ 12 continuous months					Total securities in a loss position
(in thousands)	Fair value		Unrealized loss			Fair value		Unrealized loss			Fair value		Unrealized loss
Held-to-maturity:
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	$	1,493	$	(1	)	$	545	$	(2	)	$	2,038	$	(3	)
Corporate bonds	3,512		(3		)	—		—			3,512		(3		)
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC and FNMA	93,021		(623		)	—		—			93,021		(623		)
CMOs issued by FHLMC	11,604		(50		)	—		—			11,604		(50		)
Total held-to-maturity	109,630		(677		)	545		(2		)	110,175		(679		)
Available-for-sale:
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC and FNMA	45,048		(285		)	—		—			45,048		(285		)
CMOs issued by FNMA	8,866		(107		)	—		—			8,866		(107		)
CMOs issued by FHLMC	6,553		(2		)	—		—			6,553		(2		)
Debentures of government- sponsored agencies	19,940		(50		)	9,945		(54		)	29,885		(104		)
Obligations of state add political subdivisions	41,822		(1,299		)	—		—			41,822		(1,299		)
Corporate bonds	1,000		—			—		—			1,000		—
Total available-for-sale	123,229		(1,743		)	9,945		(54		)	133,174		(1,797		)
Total temporarily impaired securities	$	232,859	$	(2,420	)	$	10,490	$	(56	)	$	243,349	$	(2,476	)



December 31, 2016	< 12 continuous months					≥ 12 continuous months					Total securities in a loss position
(in thousands)	Fair value		Unrealized loss			Fair value		Unrealized loss			Fair value		Unrealized loss
Held-to-maturity:
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	$	2,250	$	(154	)	$	—	$	—		$	2,250	$	(154	)
Corporate bonds	3,362		(6		)	—		—			3,362		(6		)
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC and FNMA	3,518		(1		)	—		—			3,518		(1		)
Total held-to-maturity	9,130		(161		)	—		—			9,130		(161		)
Available-for-sale:
MBS pass-through securities issued by FHLMC and FNMA	162,016		(3,577		)	—		—			162,016		(3,577		)
CMOs issued by FNMA	9,498		(109		)	—		—			9,498		(109		)
CMOs issued by FHLMC	31,545		(731		)	—		—			31,545		(731		)
CMOs issued by GNMA	1,583		(1		)	—		—			1,583		(1		)
Debentures of government- sponsored agencies	19,951		(38		)	9,946		(52		)	29,897		(90		)
Obligations of state and political subdivisions	59,567		(1,740		)	—		—			59,567		(1,740		)
Corporate bonds	154		(1		)	—		—			154		(1		)
Total available-for-sale	284,314		(6,197		)	9,946		(52		)	294,260		(6,249		)
Total temporarily impaired securities	$	293,444	$	(6,358	)	$	9,946	$	(52	)	$	303,390	$	(6,410	)

As of March 31, 2017, there was one debenture of government-sponsored agency security and one obligation of U.S. state and political subdivisions security that have been in a continuous loss position for twelve months or more. We have evaluated the securities and believe that the decline in fair value is primarily driven by factors other than credit. It is probable that we will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms and no other-than-temporary impairment exists on these securities. The debenture of government-sponsored agency security is supported by the U.S. Federal Government, which protects us from credit losses. Based upon our assessment of the credit fundamentals, we concluded that these securities were not other-than-temporarily impaired at March 31, 2017.

There were 104 investment securities in our portfolio that had been in temporary loss positions for less than twelve months as of March 31, 2017, and their temporary loss positions mainly arose from changes in interest rates since purchase. They consisted of one debenture of U.S. government-sponsored agencies, 65 obligations of U.S. state and political subdivisions, 28 MBS and eight CMOs issued by government-sponsored agencies, and two corporate bonds. Securities of government-sponsored agencies are supported by the U.S. Federal Government, which protects us from credit losses. Other temporarily impaired securities are deemed creditworthy after internal analysis of the issuers' latest financial information and credit enhancement. Additionally, all are rated as investment grade by at least one major rating agency. As a result of this impairment analysis, we concluded that these securities were not other-than-temporarily impaired at March 31, 2017.

Non-Marketable Securities

As a member of the FHLB, we are required to maintain a minimum investment in FHLB capital stock determined by the Board of Directors of the FHLB. The minimum investment requirements can increase in the event we increase our total asset size or borrowings with the FHLB. Shares cannot be purchased or sold except between the FHLB and its members at the $100 per share par value. We held $10.2 million of FHLB stock recorded at cost in other assets on the consolidated statements of condition at both March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016. The carrying amounts of these investments are reasonable estimates of fair value because the securities are restricted to member banks and they do not have a readily determinable market value. Management does not believe that the FHLB stock is other-than-temporarily-impaired, due to FHLB's current financial condition. On April 27, 2017, FHLB announced a cash dividend for the first quarter of 2017 at an annualized dividend rate of 7.00% to be distributed in mid-May 2017. Cash dividends paid on FHLB capital stock are recorded as non-interest income.

As a member bank of Visa U.S.A., we hold 16,939 shares of Visa Inc. Class B common stock with a carrying value of zero, which is equal to our cost basis. These shares are restricted from resale until their conversion into Class A (voting) shares upon the termination of Visa Inc.'s Covered Litigation escrow account. As a result of the restriction, these shares are not considered available-for-sale and are not carried at fair value. When converting this Class B common stock to Class A common stock based on the conversion rate of 1.6483 and the closing stock price of Class A shares, the value of our shares of Class B common stock would have been $2.5 million and $2.2 million at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The conversion rate is subject to further reduction upon the final settlement of the covered litigation against Visa Inc. and its member banks. For further information, see Note 8, Commitments and Contingencies.

We invest in low income housing tax credit funds as a limited partner, which totaled $2.4 million and $2.5 million recorded in other assets as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. In the first three months of 2017, we recognized $87 thousand of low income housing tax credits and other tax benefits, net of $70 thousand of amortization expense of low income housing tax credit investment, as a component of income tax expense. As of March 31, 2017, our unfunded commitments for these low income housing tax credit funds totaled $1.1 million. We did not recognize any impairment losses on these low income housing tax credit investments during the first three months of 2017 or 2016.