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Stockholders' Equity
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Equity [Abstract]  
Stockholders' Equity
Stockholders' Equity
 
Dividends
 
Presented below is a summary of cash dividends paid to common shareholders, recorded as a reduction of retained earnings.
 
Three months ended
(in thousands, except per share data)
March 31, 2017
March 31, 2016
Cash dividends to common stockholders
$
1,655

$
1,518

Cash dividends per common share
$
0.27

$
0.25



The Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.27 per share on April 21, 2017 payable on May 12, 2017 to shareholders of record at the close of business on May 5, 2017.

Share-Based Payments
 
The fair value of stock options as of the grant date is recorded as stock-based compensation expense in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income over the requisite service period with a corresponding increase in common stock. Stock-based compensation also includes compensation expense related to the issuance of unvested restricted stock awards and performance-based stock awards pursuant to the 2007 Equity Plan. The grant-date fair value of the restricted stock awards and performance-based stock awards, which is equal to the intrinsic value on that date, is being recorded as compensation expense over the requisite service period with a corresponding increase in common stock as the shares vest.

Performance-based stock awards are issued to a selected group of employees. Stock award vesting is contingent upon the achievement of pre-established long-term performance goals set by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Performance is measured over a three-year period and cliff vested. These performance-based stock awards were granted at a maximum opportunity level, and based on the achievement of the pre-established goals, the actual payouts can range from 0% to 200% of the target award. For performance-based stock awards, an estimate is made of the number of shares expected to vest based on the probability that the performance criteria will be achieved to determine the amount of compensation expense to be recognized. The estimate is re-evaluated quarterly and total compensation expense is adjusted for any change in the current period.

We adopted ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting effective January 1, 2017 as discussed in Note 2, which requires us to record excess tax benefits (deficiencies) resulting from the exercise of non-qualified stock options, the disqualifying disposition of incentive stock options and vesting of restricted stock awards as income tax benefits (expense) in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income with a corresponding decrease (increase) to current taxes payable. Previous to the adoption of this ASU, excess tax benefits (deficiencies) were recognized as an increase to common stock in the consolidated statements of changes in stockholders' equity.
 
The holders of unvested restricted stock awards and performance-based stock awards are entitled to dividends on the same per-share ratio as holders of common stock. Dividends paid on the portion of share-based awards forfeited or not expected to vest are included in stock-based compensation expense. Upon the adoption of the above ASU, tax benefits on dividends paid on the portion of share-based awards expected to vest are recorded as a tax benefit in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income with a corresponding decrease to current taxes payable. Previous to the adoption of the ASU, tax benefits on dividends were recognized as an increase to common stock in the consolidated statements of changes in stockholders' equity.

Under the 2007 Equity Plan, stock options may be net settled by a reduction in the number of shares otherwise deliverable upon exercise in satisfaction of the exercise payment and applicable tax withholding requirements. During the first quarter of 2017, we withheld 4,715 shares totaling $342 thousand at a weighted average price of $68.80 for cashless stock option exercises. There were no stock options exercised under net settlement arrangements in 2016. Shares withheld under net settlement arrangements are available for future grants under the 2007 Equity Plan.