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Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2017
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities | Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Fair Value Hierarchy and Fair Value Measurement We group our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value in three levels within the fair value hierarchy, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are: Level 1: Valuations are based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2: Valuations are based on quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-based valuations for which all significant assumptions are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3: Valuations are based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Values are determined using pricing models and discounted cash flow models and may include significant Management judgment and estimation. Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are recognized through our monthly and/or quarterly valuation process in the reporting period during which the event or circumstances that caused the transfer occurred. The following table summarizes our assets and liabilities that were required to be recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.
(in thousands) Description of Financial Instruments | Carrying Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations issued by U.S. government agencies | $ | 147,370 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 146,818 |  | $ | 552 |
Debentures of government sponsored agencies | 30,382 |  | — |  | 30,382 |  | — |
Privately-issued collateralized mortgage obligations | 128 |  | — |  | 128 |  | — |
Obligations of state and political subdivisions | 75,181 |  | — |  | 75,181 |  | — |
Corporate bonds | 5,031 |  | — |  | 5,031 |  | — |
Derivative financial assets (interest rate contracts) | 38 |  | — |  | 38 |  | — |
Derivative financial liabilities (interest rate contracts) | 909 |  | — |  | 909 |  | — |
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations issued by U.S. government agencies | $ | 254,041 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 253,434 |  | $ | 607 |
Debentures of government sponsored agencies | 35,403 |  | — |  | 35,403 |  | — |
Privately-issued collateralized mortgage obligations | 419 |  | — |  | 419 |  | — |
Obligations of state and political subdivisions | 77,701 |  | — |  | 77,701 |  | — |
Corporate bonds | 5,016 |  | — |  | 5,016 |  | — |
Derivative financial assets (interest rate contracts) | 55 |  | — |  | 55 |  | — |
Derivative financial liabilities (interest rate contracts) | 933 |  | — |  | 933 |  | — |
Securities available-for-sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. When available, quoted market prices (Level 1) are used to determine the fair value of securities available-for-sale. If quoted market prices are not available, we obtain pricing information from a reputable third-party service provider, who may utilize valuation techniques that use current market-based or independently sourced parameters, such as bid/ask prices, dealer-quoted prices, interest rates, benchmark yield curves, prepayment speeds, probability of default, loss severity and credit spreads (Level 2). Level 2 securities include obligations of state and political subdivisions, U.S. agencies or government-sponsored agencies' debt securities, mortgage-backed securities, government agency-issued, privately-issued collateralized mortgage obligations, and corporate bonds. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, there were no securities that were considered Level 1 securities. As of September 30, 2017, we had one available-for-sale security that was considered a Level 3 security. The security is a U.S. government agency obligation collateralized by a small number of business equipment loans guaranteed by the Small Business Administration ("SBA") program. The security is not actively traded and is owned only by a few investors. The significant unobservable data that is reflected in the fair value measurement include dealer quotes, projected prepayment speeds/average life and credit information, among other things. The unrealized loss on this SBA-guaranteed security recorded as part of other comprehensive income decreased by $2 thousand in the first nine months of 2017. Securities held-to-maturity may be written down to fair value (determined using the same techniques discussed above for securities available-for-sale) as a result of other-than-temporary impairment, and we did not record any write-downs during 2017 or 2016. On a recurring basis, derivative financial instruments are recorded at fair value, which is based on the income approach using observable Level 2 market inputs, reflecting market expectations of future interest rates as of the measurement date. Standard valuation techniques are used to calculate the present value of the future expected cash flows assuming an orderly transaction. Valuation adjustments may be made to reflect both our own credit risk and the counterparties’ credit risk in determining the fair value of the derivatives. Level 2 inputs for the valuations are limited to observable market prices for London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") and Overnight Index Swap ("OIS") rates (for the very short term), quoted prices for LIBOR futures contracts, observable market prices for LIBOR and OIS swap rates, and one-month and three-month LIBOR basis spreads at commonly quoted intervals. Mid-market pricing of the inputs is used as a practical expedient in the fair value measurements. We project spot rates at reset days specified by each swap contract to determine future cash flows, then discount to present value using either LIBOR or OIS curves depending on whether the swap positions are fully collateralized as of the measurement date. When the value of any collateral placed with counterparties is less than the interest rate derivative liability, a credit valuation adjustment ("CVA") is applied to reflect the credit risk we pose to counterparties. We have used the spread between the Standard & Poor's BBB rated U.S. Bank Composite rate and LIBOR for the closest maturity term corresponding to the duration of the swaps to derive the CVA. A similar credit risk adjustment, correlated to the credit standing of the counterparty, is made when collateral posted by the counterparty does not fully cover their liability to the Bank. For further discussion on our methodology in valuing our derivative financial instruments, refer to Note 9, Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities. Certain financial assets may be measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. These assets are subject to fair value adjustments that result from the application of the lower of cost or fair value accounting or write-downs of individual assets, such as impaired loans and other real estate owned ("OREO"). The following table presents the carrying value of assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and that were held in the consolidated statements of condition at each respective period end, by level within the fair value hierarchy as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
(in thousands) | Carrying Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
September 30, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other real estate owned | 238 |  | — |  | — |  | 238 |
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other real estate owned | 408 |  | — |  | — |  | 408 |
When a loan is identified as impaired, it is reported at the lower of cost or fair value, measured based on the loan's observable market price (Level 1) or the current net realizable value of the underlying collateral securing the loan, if the loan is collateral dependent (Level 3). Net realizable value of the underlying collateral is the fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs and any prior liens. Appraisals, recent comparable sales, offers and listing prices are factored in when valuing the collateral. We review and verify the qualifications and licenses of the certified general appraisers used for appraising commercial properties or certified residential appraisers for residential properties. Real estate appraisals may utilize a combination of approaches including replacement cost, sales comparison and the income approach. Comparable sales and income data are analyzed by the appraisers and adjusted to reflect differences between them and the subject property such as property characteristics, leasing status and physical condition. When appraisals are received, Management reviews the underlying assumptions and methodology utilized, as well as the overall resulting value in conjunction with independent data sources such as recent market data and industry-wide statistics. We generally use a 6% discount for selling costs which is applied to all properties, regardless of size. Appraised values may be adjusted to reflect changes in market conditions that have occurred subsequent to the appraisal date, or for revised estimates regarding the timing or cost of the property sale. These adjustments are based on qualitative judgments made by Management on a case-by-case basis and are generally unobservable valuation inputs as they are specific to the underlying collateral. There have been no significant changes in the valuation techniques during 2017. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, there were no collateral-dependent loans whose principal balances had been written down to or below the values of the underlying collateral. OREO represents collateral acquired through foreclosure and is initially recorded at fair value as established by a current appraisal, adjusted for disposition costs. Subsequently, OREO is measured at lower of cost or fair value. OREO values are reviewed on an ongoing basis and any subsequent decline in fair value is recorded as a foreclosed asset expense in the current period. The value of OREO is determined based on independent appraisals, similar to the process used for impaired loans, discussed above, and is classified as Level 3. All OREO resulted from an acquisition. There was no change in the estimated fair values of OREO during the first nine months of 2017 and a decrease of $13 thousand in 2016. Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments The table below is a summary of fair value estimates for financial instruments as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, excluding financial instruments recorded at fair value on a recurring basis (summarized in the first table in this note). The carrying amounts in the following table are recorded in the consolidated statements of condition under the indicated captions. Further, we have not disclosed the fair value of financial instruments specifically excluded from disclosure requirements such as bank-owned life insurance policies ("BOLI"). Additionally, we hold shares of FHLB stock and Visa Inc. Class B common stock at cost. These shares are restricted from resale, except among member banks, and their values are discussed in Note 4, Investment Securities.
| September 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
(in thousands) | Carrying Amounts |  | Fair Value |  | Fair Value Hierarchy |  | Carrying Amounts |  | Fair Value |  | Fair Value Hierarchy
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 149,124 |  | $ | 149,124 |  | Level 1 |  | $ | 48,804 |  | $ | 48,804 |  | Level 1
Investment securities held-to-maturity | 155,122 |  | 156,149 |  | Level 2 |  | 44,438 |  | 45,097 |  | Level 2
Loans, net | 1,509,199 |  | 1,491,306 |  | Level 3 |  | 1,471,174 |  | 1,473,360 |  | Level 3
Interest receivable | 5,978 |  | 5,978 |  | Level 2 |  | 6,319 |  | 6,319 |  | Level 2
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | 1,890,970 |  | 1,891,097 |  | Level 2 |  | 1,772,700 |  | 1,773,102 |  | Level 2
Subordinated debentures | 5,703 |  | 5,089 |  | Level 3 |  | 5,586 |  | 5,083 |  | Level 3
Interest payable | 120 |  | 120 |  | Level 2 |  | 134 |  | 134 |  | Level 2
Following is a description of methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument not recorded at fair value but required for disclosure purposes: Cash and Cash Equivalents - The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents approximate their fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments. Held-to-maturity Securities - Held-to-maturity securities, which generally consist of obligations of state and political subdivisions and corporate bonds, are recorded at their amortized cost. Their fair value for disclosure purposes is determined using methodologies similar to those described above for available-for-sale securities using Level 2 inputs. If Level 2 inputs are not available, we may utilize pricing models that incorporate unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities (Level 3). As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we did not hold any held-to-maturity securities whose fair value was measured using significant unobservable inputs. Loans - The fair value of loans with variable interest rates approximates their current carrying value, because their rates are regularly adjusted to current market rates. The fair value of fixed rate loans or variable loans at negotiated interest rate floors or ceilings with remaining maturities in excess of one year is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using current market rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar creditworthiness and similar remaining maturities. The allowance for loan losses (“ALLL”) is considered to be a reasonable estimate of the portion of loan discount attributable to credit risks. Interest Receivable and Payable - The interest receivable and payable balances approximate their fair value due to the short-term nature of their settlement dates. Deposits - The fair value of deposits without stated maturity, such as transaction accounts, savings accounts and money market accounts, is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair value of time deposits is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using current rates offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities. Federal Home Loan Bank Borrowing - The fair value is estimated by discounting the future cash flows using current rates offered by the FHLB for similar credit advances corresponding to the remaining term of our fixed-rate credit advances. Subordinated Debentures - The fair values of the subordinated debentures are estimated by discounting the future cash flows (interest payment at a rate of three-month LIBOR plus 3.05% and 1.40%) to their present values using current market rates at which similar bonds would be issued with similar credit ratings as ours and similar remaining maturities. Each interest payment is discounted at the spot rate of the corresponding term, determined based on the yields and terms of comparable trust preferred securities, plus a liquidity premium. In July 2010, the Dodd-Frank Act was signed into law and limits the ability of certain bank holding companies to treat trust preferred security debt issuances as Tier 1 capital. This law effectively closed the trust preferred securities markets for new issuances and led to the absence of observable or comparable transactions in the market place. Due to the use of unobservable inputs of trust preferred securities, we consider the fair value to be a Level 3 measurement. See Note 6, Borrowings, for further information. Commitments - The value of unrecognized financial instruments is estimated based on the fee income associated with the commitments which, in the absence of credit exposure, is considered to approximate their settlement value. The fair value of commitment fees was not material at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2155941 + Details
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